Middlesex University Research Repository an Open Access Repository Of
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Relevansi Pemikiran Sachiko Murata Tentang Gender Terhadap Kompilasi Hukum Islam Indonesia (Khi)
RELEVANSI PEMIKIRAN SACHIKO MURATA TENTANG GENDER TERHADAP KOMPILASI HUKUM ISLAM INDONESIA (KHI) SKRIPSI DIAJUKAN KEPADA FAKULTAS SYARI’AH UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA UNTUK MEMENUHI SEBAGAI SYARAT-SYARAT MEMPEROLEH GELAR SARJANA STRATA SATU DALAM ILMU HUKUM ISLAM OLEH AHMAD ANIQ RIFQI 03350128 PEMBIMBING 1. Drs. H. RATNO LUKITO, MA, DCL 2. Dra. Hj. ERMI SUHASTI S, M.SI. AL-AHWAL ASY-SYAKHSIYYAH FAKULTAS SYARI’AH UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA 2009 ABSTRAK Sachiko Murata adalah seorang Muslimah Jepang dan Professor Studi- Studi Agama di State University of New York, Stony Brook yang memperlihatkan simbolisme gender dalam karyanya The Tao of Islam, yakni sebuah antologi yang lengkap di bidang pemikiran Islam tentang hakikat hubungan antara Tuhan dan alam semesta, alam semesta dan manusia, serta manusia dan Tuhan. Dalam permasalahan gender, Sachiko Murata menggunakan argument-argumen berdasarkan pendekatan teori alam semesta (kosmologi) sebagai dasar pemikirannya dan lebih mengarah kepada batiniyah-tekstual (mistik) dengan “mempercayakan” pada penafsiran bi al-Riwayat (bi al-Ma’s\ur) atau lebih dikenal dengan konsep teologis. Persoalan hak-hak perempuan atau yang biasa disebut isu gender, dalam pemikiran Islam kontemporer merebah kepada permasalahan hukum. Terlebih kepada hukum keluarga Islam yang kompleks dengan isu seputar adanya bias gender. Fenomena kekinian dalam konteks Indonesia adalah munculnya Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI), yaitu konstruk Hukum Islam modern yang diantaranya mengatur tentang posisi perempuan dalam keluarga. KHI merupakan gejala sosial dan budaya modern. KHI menjadi unik karena sebagai produk di era modern ternyata masih mengambil produk-produk fiqih klasik sebagai rujukan, sehingga adanya bias gender dalam pembukaan teks-teks itu dikhawatirkan adanya, selain dari adanya pengaruh budaya modern itu sendiri yang juga masih bias gender. -
View / Download 7.3 Mb
Between Shanghai and Mecca: Diaspora and Diplomacy of Chinese Muslims in the Twentieth Century by Janice Hyeju Jeong Department of History Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Engseng Ho, Advisor ___________________________ Prasenjit Duara, Advisor ___________________________ Nicole Barnes ___________________________ Adam Mestyan ___________________________ Cemil Aydin Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History in the Graduate School of Duke University 2019 ABSTRACT Between Shanghai and Mecca: Diaspora and Diplomacy of Chinese Muslims in the Twentieth Century by Janice Hyeju Jeong Department of History Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Engseng Ho, Advisor ___________________________ Prasenjit Duara, Advisor ___________________________ Nicole Barnes ___________________________ Adam Mestyan ___________________________ Cemil Aydin An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Department of History in the Graduate School of Duke University 2019 Copyright by Janice Hyeju Jeong 2019 Abstract While China’s recent Belt and the Road Initiative and its expansion across Eurasia is garnering public and scholarly attention, this dissertation recasts the space of Eurasia as one connected through historic Islamic networks between Mecca and China. Specifically, I show that eruptions of -
SOCIOLOGISTS and SUFIS: a REASSESSMENT of SAINTHOOD in EARLY SUFISM in LIGHT of NEW DEVELOPMENTS in SOCIOLOGY by SVEND A. WHIT
SOCIOLOGISTS AND SUFIS: A REASSESSMENT OF SAINTHOOD IN EARLY SUFISM IN LIGHT OF NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN SOCIOLOGY by SVEND A. WHITE (Under the Direction of Alan Godlas) ABSTRACT Western sociologists have often viewed Sufi saints and Islamic mysticism in general through lenses that obscure the vibrant and multi-faceted sociological role long played by Sufi saints in Islamic societies. The reasons for this are many, complex, and open to debate, some responsibility must be assigned to the great Max Weber (. 1920) and his disciples, especially Ernest Gellner (. 1995 CE) and Clifford Geertz (. 2006 CE), whose ideas have despite the best of intentions often reinforced important misconceptions. A review of the core tenets of Sufism on sainthood through the prism of the great medieval mystics Ḥakīm al-Tirmidhī (. 910 CE) and Ibn ʿArabī (. 1320 CE) reveals stark limitations to Weberian categories vis-à-vis Islamic mysticism. Such an analysis highlights the need for more holistic and less implicitly Eurocentric approaches to sociological studies of Islam and Sufism. INDEX WORDS: Sufism, Islam, Sainthood, Sanctity, Saints, Walī, Awlīyāʿ, Abdāl, Maraboutism, Mystics, Mysticism, Ibn ʿArabī, Ḥakīm al-Tirmidhī, Seal of Saints, Prophetic Inheritance, Sociology of Religion, Sociology of Islam, Sociology of Sufism, Muslims, Max Weber, Ernest Gellner, Clifford Geertz, Protestant Work Ethic, Orientalism, Eurocentrism SOCIOLOGISTS AND SUFIS: A REASSESSMENT OF SAINTHOOD IN EARLY SUFISM IN LIGHT OF NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN SOCIOLOGY by SVEND A. WHITE BA, Goucher College, 1998 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF ARTS ATHENS, GEORGIA 2008 © 2008 Svend A. -
CHP-121 Terms
T E R M S R E F E R E N C E D I N E P I S O D E The Chinese Civil War (Part 3) Ep. 121 P I N Y I N / T E R M C H I N E S E E N G L I S H / M E A N I N G Anhui 安徽 Province in China Chang Jiang 长江 The Yangzi River Changchun 长春 Capital of Jilin province in Manchuria Chen Cheng 陈诚 NRA General Chen Cheng 陈诚 NRA General Chen Mingren 陈明仁 NRA General Chen Yi 陈毅 PLA General and future foreign minister Chen Yun 陈云 One of Mao’s earliest political allies Dabie Mountains 大别山 Mountain chain just northeast of Wuhan in Hubei province Du Yuming 杜聿明 Nationalist General Fenghua 奉化 City and county in Zhejiang, near Ningbo Fu Zuoyi 傅作义 Nationalist General Fujian 福建 Province in China Gao Gang 高岗 PLA leader who served closely with Lin Biao Geng Biao 耿彪 PLA leader Guangdong 广东 Province in China Guangxi 广西 Province in China Han Gaozu 汉高祖 Liu Bang, founder of the Han Dynasty Hu Zongnan 胡宗南 Nationalist General Huabei 华北 Northern China Huaihai 淮海 Civil War Campaign in 1948 Huang Wei 黄伟 Nationalist General Hubei 湖北 Province in China Jiangsu 江苏 Province in China another military region of the Communists covering parts of Shanxi, Inner Jin-Cha-Ji 晋察冀 Mongolia and Hebei Jinzhou 锦州 City in Liaoning province Ming Dynasty loyalist who fought on against the Qing from his Taiwan base. Koxinga 郑成功 Also known as Cheng Ch’eng-kung Li Fuchun 李富春 PLA General Li Zongren 李宗仁 Nationalist General Liaoning 辽宁 Province in Manchuria Liaoshen 辽沈 Civil War Campaign in 1948 Lin Biao 林彪 PLA General in Manchuria and northern China Liu Bocheng 刘伯承 PLA General (Deng Xiaoping partner in civil -
Religion in China BKGA 85 Religion Inchina and Bernhard Scheid Edited by Max Deeg Major Concepts and Minority Positions MAX DEEG, BERNHARD SCHEID (EDS.)
Religions of foreign origin have shaped Chinese cultural history much stronger than generally assumed and continue to have impact on Chinese society in varying regional degrees. The essays collected in the present volume put a special emphasis on these “foreign” and less familiar aspects of Chinese religion. Apart from an introductory article on Daoism (the BKGA 85 BKGA Religion in China prototypical autochthonous religion of China), the volume reflects China’s encounter with religions of the so-called Western Regions, starting from the adoption of Indian Buddhism to early settlements of religious minorities from the Near East (Islam, Christianity, and Judaism) and the early modern debates between Confucians and Christian missionaries. Contemporary Major Concepts and religious minorities, their specific social problems, and their regional diversities are discussed in the cases of Abrahamitic traditions in China. The volume therefore contributes to our understanding of most recent and Minority Positions potentially violent religio-political phenomena such as, for instance, Islamist movements in the People’s Republic of China. Religion in China Religion ∙ Max DEEG is Professor of Buddhist Studies at the University of Cardiff. His research interests include in particular Buddhist narratives and their roles for the construction of identity in premodern Buddhist communities. Bernhard SCHEID is a senior research fellow at the Austrian Academy of Sciences. His research focuses on the history of Japanese religions and the interaction of Buddhism with local religions, in particular with Japanese Shintō. Max Deeg, Bernhard Scheid (eds.) Deeg, Max Bernhard ISBN 978-3-7001-7759-3 Edited by Max Deeg and Bernhard Scheid Printed and bound in the EU SBph 862 MAX DEEG, BERNHARD SCHEID (EDS.) RELIGION IN CHINA: MAJOR CONCEPTS AND MINORITY POSITIONS ÖSTERREICHISCHE AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN PHILOSOPHISCH-HISTORISCHE KLASSE SITZUNGSBERICHTE, 862. -
Xu-Beng Campaign [Huai-Hai Campaign]
Xu-Beng Campaign [Huai-Hai Campaign] by Ah Xiang [Excerpts from “Civil Wars: 1945-1950” ] Before the Liao-Shen Campaign rolled to the end, CCP Eastern China Field Army completed the campaign against the Jinan city with the help of Wu Hualong's defection. Liu Zhi's KMT army group, with 600,000 troops, failed to give the relief to Jinan the provincial city of Shandong Province, but instead concentrated onto the cities of Shangqiu, Xuzhou and coastal Lianyungang, along the railway lines of Jin-Pu & Long-Hai. To the right side of Liu Zhi would be KMT's Huang Baitao Army Group that was in charge of the area between Long-Hai Railway to the north and the Huai-he River to the south and between coastal Lianyungang to the east and Xuzhou to the west. Mao Tse-tung continued the communist strategy of attacking one outpost while impeding or eliminating the enemy relief. To link up the “liberated area” of Shandong Province and northern Jiangsu Province as well as to cut off the right arm of Liu Zhi's army in Xuzhou, Mao Tse-tung proposed to first attack Huang Baitao's army group. For sake of taking out Huang Baitao's army, Mao Tse-tung instructed that more than half of CCP Eastern China Field Army should be deployed against the relief armies of Qiu Qingquan and Li Mi. During the campaign, the original communist plan changed midway when Liu Zhi's KMT army in Xuzhou fled to the west and Huang Wei's KMT army group came north, culminating in an expanded Huai-Hai Campaign that would suck in Huang Wei & Du Yuming's army groups. -
Islam in China More Legitimate Than Their Death in 632 CE
Asian Intercultural Contacts he presence of Muslims in as they did not proselytize, the China challenges the con- government did not interfere Tventional wisdom about with the practice of their reli- both the country’s isolationism gion. Nor did it impose itself on and homogeneity in traditional their communities, which had times. In fact, pre-modern their own judges who adminis- China dealt with a great variety tered Islamic law. They formed of foreign states, tribes, empires, virtually self-governing entities. and confederations, and numer- Other than one disastrous ous foreign religions reached episode, relations between and influenced the so-called China, the Islamic communities, Middle Kingdom. Globalization, and the world were amicable. A to use modern terminology, af- conflict erupted between Tang fected China long before the and Arab armies near the Talas twenty-first century. Other than River in Central Asia. In 751, Buddhism, Islam was China’s Arab forces defeated the Chi- most important foreign religious nese, but had to return to West import. Indeed Muslims, both Asia because of the temporary Chinese and non-Chinese, cur- turbulence accompanying the rently are found throughout the Abbasid overthrow of the country. A survey of the history Umayyad Caliphate (661–750). of the Islamic communities in The Abbasids, one of the most China is essential for an under- glorious West Asian dynasties standing of the present status of (750–1258), claimed descent Muslims in the country. Islam from one of Muhammad’s un- reached China within a few cles, portrayed themselves as decades after Muhammad’s Islam In ChIna more legitimate than their death in 632 CE. -
Liu Zhi: a Leading Chinese Muslim Scholar and Saint
Liu Zhi: A Leading Chinese Muslim Scholar and Saint Alexander Wain What is recorded in the books of Islam (tianfang) is no different from what is in the Confucian canon. Observing and practicing the proprieties of Islam is like observing and practicing the teachings of the ancient sages and kings. Liu Zhi, Tianfang dianli Liu Zhi (ca.1670-1739), also known as Liu Jia Lian, was born in the former Chinese imperial capital of Nanjing.1 Little is known about his background and personal life – only that his relatives considered him too studious and, therefore, quite dull! He was, however, a member of China’s Hui community. With roots stretching back to the seventh century, the Hui were (and continue to be) a sizable community of Sinicised Muslims. 2 Originally descended from a transient population of Persian and Arab merchants, by the seventeenth century the Hui were fully acculturated Chinese Muslims: they spoke Chinese, wore Chinese clothing and observed Chinese customs. Because of (in some cases centuries of) intermarriage, they also appeared physically identical to the Han (China’s dominant ethnic group). 3 Despite this level of acculturation, however, the Hui maintained their Islamic heritage: a Ḥanafī-based form of Islam coloured by traditional Chinese culture. Often termed gedimu (from the Arabic qadīm, meaning ‘old’),4 from the seventeenth century onwards this type of Islam was further supplemented by various Sufi ṭarīqa – in particular, the Qādarī, 1 Encyclopedia of Islam, 2nd ed., s.v. ‘Liu Chih.’ 2 According Hui legend, their community was first established by “Sa Ha Bo Sa Ha Di Wo Ge Si” – that is, by the ṣaḥāba Sa‘d ibn Abī Waqqās, the Prophet Muḥammad’s maternal uncle. -
Confessional Peculiarity of Chinese Islam Nurzat M
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL & SCIENCE EDUCATION 2016, VOL. 11, NO. 15, 7906-7915 OPEN ACCESS Confessional Peculiarity of Chinese Islam Nurzat M. Mukana, Sagadi B. Bulekbayeva, Ainura D. Kurmanaliyevaa, Sultanmurat U. Abzhalova and Bekzhan B. Meirbayeva aAl-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, KAZAKHSTAN ABSTRACT This paper considers features of Islam among Muslim peoples in China. Along with the traditional religions of China - Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, Islam influenced noticeable impact on the formation of Chinese civilization. The followers of Islam have a significant impact on ethno-religious, political, economic and cultural relations of the Chinese society. Ethno-cultural heterogeneity of Chinese Islam has defined its confessional identity. The peculiarity of Chinese Islam is determined, firstly, with its religious heterogeneity. In China there all three main branches of Islam: Sunnism, Shiism, and Sufism. Secondly, the unique nature of Chinese Islam is defined by close relationship with the traditional religions of China (Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism) and Chinese population folk beliefs. Chinese Islam has incorporated many specific feat ures of the traditional religious culture of China, which heavily influenced on the religious consciousness and religious activities of Chinese Muslims. KEYWORDS ARTICLE HISTORY Chinese Muslims, history of Islam, confessional Received 21 March 2016 heterogeneity, Islamic branches, religions of China Revised 05 June 2016 Accepted 19 June 2016 Introduction Political and ethno-cultural processes taking place in contemporary Chinese society lead us to a deeper study of the religious history of China (Ho et al., 2014). Along with the traditional religions of China - Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, Islam influenced noticeable impact on the formation of Chinese civilization (Tsin, 2009; Erie & Carlson, 2014; Gulfiia, Parfilova & Karimova, 2016). -
Islam in China : the HÄ N Kitä B Tradition in the Writings
ARTICLES Islam In CHIna: THe Hān Kitāb TRADITION IN THe WrITIngs of Wang DaIyu, ma ZHu anD lIu ZHI, WITH a noTe on THeIr relevanCe for ConTemporary Islam Alexander Wain* Abstract: This paper examines the unique Chinese brand of Islam known as the Hān Kitāb. Beginning with a brief historical overview of the Sinicised Muslim community which created this tradition, the paper proceeds to examine the work of three key Hān Kitāb figures: Wang Daiyu, Ma Zhu and Liu Zhi. All active between the mid-seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, the paper argues that their utilisation of the Islamic concept of dīn al-fiÏra (or humanity’s innate inclination towards a belief in God), coupled with a willingness to engage positively with Neo-Confucian thought, resulted in a uniquely multicultural form of Islam; the Hān Kitāb, we will conclude, represents an early example of Islamic ‘ecumenical thought’. By actively seeking to appreciate and acknowledge the commonalities between Islam and Chinese tradition, the Hān Kitāb overcame exclusivism and stressed moderation. In the context of the challenges posed by contemporary Salafī-inspired Islamic extremism, this paper will argue that the Hān Kitāb has never been more relevant than it is today. 1. Introduction This paper examines the Hui (Sinicised Muslim)1 tradition known as the Hān Kitāb (from the Chinese han qitabu, lit. a Chinese Islamic book). Although a conceptually sophisticated and rich tradition, very little is known about the Hān Kitāb – or, for that matter, the Muslim community which created it – outside a handful of (almost entirely western) scholars. Given this level of unfamiliarity, our paper will begin with a brief historical survey, outlining the history of the Hui up until the mid-seventeenth century, when the firstHān Kitāb texts began to emerge. -
Interpreting Islam in China: Pilgrimage, Scripture, and Language in the Han Kitab
Newsletter Sekolah Pascasarjana UIN Jakarta @spsuinjkt ISSN 2354-7952 RESENSIUlasan Buku dan Artikel Jurnal No. 43/Th. VIIMaret-April 2019 www.graduate.uinjkt.ac.id Interpreting Islam in China: Pilgrimage, Scripture, and Language in the Han Kitab THIS excellent and eminently well- communicate their locality within the researched book systematically elu- Judul Buku larger Muslim community” (p. 7). cidates the contextual development Interpreting Islam in China: Pilgrimage, Scrip- This preoccupation with human of the fascinating Sino-Islamic philo- ture, and Language in the Han Kitab agency and the ability to re-express sophical tradition known as the Han ideas permeates Interpreting Islam in Penulis Kitab. Oft-neglected within the field China. Reading each of his three au- Kristian Petersen of Islamic Studies as a whole, the Han thors through the prism of their specific Kitab tradition represents a unique, Penerbit historical contexts, Petersen attempts Chinese-language reconceptualization New York: Oxford University Press 2018 to identify the stimuli underlying a se- of Islam set within the context of tra- Jumlah Halaman ries of discursive shifts that ultimately ditional Chinese thought. Focusing on 304 helped define a uniquely Chinese form three particularly prominent Han Kitab of Islam. This historical context is the writers – Wang Daiyu (1590–1658), ISBN subject of the first two chapters of the Liu Zhi (1670–1724), and Ma Dexin 9780190634346 book, which trace the establishment (1794–1874), the latter of whom has Peresensi and development of the Sino-Muslim never been studied in depth before – Alexander Wain community in Imperial China (Chapter Petersen seeks to not only facilitate a 1) and the Arabic and Persian literary better understanding of this tradition, networks underpinning the Han Kitab but also subvert conventional essential- tradition (Chapter 2). -
6 Pilgrimage and Hui Muslim Identity in the Republican Era
6 Pilgrimage and Hui Muslim Identity in the Republican Era Yuan-lin Tsai Abstract Pilgrimage (hajj) is the fifth pillar of Islam and the most important symbol of unity of the Muslim ‘Community’ (‘Ummah’). When pan- Islamism and Chinese nationalism met in the early twentieth century, it is interesting to see how the Chinese pilgrims, and the Chinese Muslims as a whole, understood and responded to the Islamic revivalist call to the unity of the Community and the Chinese nationalist voice to build a new nation-state. This chapter explores the relationships between these two forces by researching original official documents, news reports, memoirs, and other biographical materials regarding the Hui Muslims’ pilgrimage experience. It concludes that Hui Muslim pilgrims’ choice is not an either/or question, but a mixture of pan-Islamism and Hui patriotism. Keywords: pilgrimage, Mecca, Hui, Uighur, pan-Islamism, Wahhabi Introduction Islam in China has not yet been a well-explored field despite some ground- breaking books and articles that have been published in Chinese, Japanese, and various Western languages during the last two decades. The scholars in this field have usually made their own efforts in an isolated fashion and have not integrated into the academic communities of either Islamic studies or Chinese studies. This is also true for the studies of the Chinese Muslims’ pilgrimage (hajj). In the two most comprehensive historical works on the pilgrimage – Peters’ The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places (1994) and Wolfe’s One Thousand Roads to Mecca: Ten Centuries of Travelers Writing about the Muslim Pilgrimage (1997) – there is no mention of the Chinese Muslims’ pilgrimage journey.