St Nicholas News 22 40

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

St Nicholas News 22 40 From Fr. Gerardo StCioffari, o.p. Nicholas director of the Centro Studi Nicolaiani News 22 October 16, 2011 BASILICA PONTIFICIA DI S. NIC A communication channel to keep in touch with St Nicholas’ Friends around the world 22 From Fr Gerardo Cioffari, o.p., director of the July 15, 2012 St Nicholas Research Center in Bari ST NICHOLAS’ RELICS IN THE WORLD HOW IS IT POSSIBLE ? LL BUT FROM BARI … NEVER 40 WAS GIVEN A BONE FRAGMENT ! FRAGMENT ! SPAIN. VALENCIA. A relic of St Nicholas is venerated in the Parish Church of St Nicholas and S.Pedro Martir. In fact, the word “relic” has more than one In these last years there has been an meaning. In the sense of “bone” hardly could incredible proliferation of miraculous relics be true, because never in history from Bari of St Nicholas and “translations” (temporary was donated a bone/relic. It only could be borrowings) from a city to another. Such an true if we refer to the Myron/manna or to attention to our Saint makes us glad, but the wood of the box in which Barian sailors probably is better avoiding exaggerations brought the Saint’s relics to Bari. and above all confusions. 1 RELICS Scholars of the Catholic and Orthodox Churches are well aware of the abuses and Relic derives from the Latin word reliquiae, excessive forms of this cult. In this that is “the remnants” (the Greek λειψανα, atmosphere of more or less colourful Russian мощи). Besides the Passion illegality took place the multiplication of instruments, that in the Christian antiquity doubtful relics. They had no scruples about had a special veneration (because of their recognizing as body of a martyr or of a link with the Cross, symbol of Christianity), confessor any human remnant accidentally very early we find examples of Christians found in the neighbourhood of a church or who preserved bones or objects touched by a in the catacombs of Rome (Dictionnaire de Martyr of their community. Théologie Catholique, 13, 2351; G. Baudot, Dictionnaire, V, 1178). The veneration of relics is very well attested in the Christian antiquity (already from the FOR THE PROTESTANTS: IDOLATRY 2nd century with the martyr Polykarp), both in the eastern (St Basil, St Gregory of Nazianzus) and in the western Church (St Ambrose, Jerome, Augustine, Gregory the Great). All these Fathers were very clear about the meaning of “veneration”, absolutely excluding any confusion with adoration. For example St Jerome, answering to the objections of Vigilantius, wrote: We honour the relics of the martyrs in order to adore the One for whom they sacrificed their lives. We honour the servants in a way that the honour reserved to them goes to the glory of Jean Calvin (1509-1564) their Lord (Ep. CIX, 2). In his The glory of the Martyrs Gregory of Tours (VI c.) speaks about the miracles that took place near their Criticisms were expressed already in ancient tombs (PL LXXI). The second Council of times with Augustine, who reproached some Nicaea (787) declared: Our Saviour left us monks for selling relics. In the Middle Ages the relics that continue causing many Guibert of Nogent criticized especially the benefices to sick people… . Therefore, those relics linked to Jesus, like the “milk-tooth”, who hold in contempt or throw away the the “Prepuce” or the “umbilicus”. relics of Martyrs, have to be considered excommunicated (Mansi, Concil. 13, col. With the protestant Reformation (Huss, 380 b.). Wicleff, Luther, Calvin) criticism against the veneration of the relics hit not only abuses After the triumph of Orthodoxy over the and exaggerations, but the cult itself as such. Iconoclasm (843), there was no serious In particular, John Calvin wrote A Treatise opposition to the cult of relics (besides a few on the relics in which he ridiculed the many sects), although here and there voices arose relics spread everywhere, like the wood of against abuses. Excesses in the cult of relics the cross (that could form a forest), or the were reached at the times of the Crusades, innumerable thorns of the crown, the 14 when both from the Holy Land and from nails of the cross, two heads of the same Constantinople arrived in Western Europe a Saint, and many other relics (text could be great amount of relics that no one could found in “Jean Calvin The Online Books check whether they were authentic or not. Pages”). His Treatise alternates satire to 2 doctrinal remarks. An example is the one this, thinking about God’s gift of walking about the milk of the Virgin: With regard to where Jesus walked. In the same way, the the milk there is not perhaps a town, a many mistakes and scandals referred in the convent, or nunnery where it is not shown Bible have no influence on my faith, in large or small quantities. Indeed had the considering them as the price the Word of Virgin been a wet-nurse her whole life, or a God had to suffer to reach us through dairy, she could not have produced more human means. than is shown as hers in various parts. How they obtained all this milk they do not say, Back to history. The sharp Protestant and it is superfluous here to remark that criticism, instead of pushing the Catholic there is no foundation in the Gospels for Church to correct the undeniable abuses, these foolish and blasphemous extra- brought her to defend the relics beyond the vagances (p. 249). good common sense. To contrast the Protestant iconoclasm, the Church decided While speaking of the wooden fragments of to affirm strongly the legitimacy of the the Cross: If we were to collect all these veneration of relics. Roman popes neglected pieces of the true cross exhibited in various keeping into account the right things that parts, they would form a whole ship’s cargo were in the protestant criticisms, and did (p. 233). not take any step to avoid the veneration of so many strange and often ridiculous relics. About St Michael’s sword that he had seen in Carcassonne he says: St Michael’s falchion which looks like a child’s dagger... It is indeed a blasphemy, under a garb of devotion, against God and his angels. ... But if [Satan] was conquered by the sword, it would at least have been one of a different size and calibre than the toy to which I have alluded (p. 253). FOR CATHOLICS AND ORTHODOX: AN HELP FOR OUR FAITH Probably, if Calvin would have approached the question of the relics with a little The sacred Thorn humour, would have taken it as an amount in the “Chapel of the Relics” of extravagances instead of blasphemies and in St Nicholas’ Basilica in Bari. idolatry. With his criterion he should have For many centuries it was a source thrown away even the Holy Scripture, that of meditation on Christ’s Passion. contains no less extravagances, mistakes and scandals, than the relics phenomenon. As a reaction to the Protestant sharp criticism the Council of Trento declared: When I was in pilgrimage in the Holy Land, Those who affirm that is due to the relics no I smiled hearing about unbelievable relics, veneration or honour whatsoever, or that but I wasn’t bothered in any way because of 3 there is no use for the faithful in venerating 2009, p. 246). But he produced no evidence. the relics, or that in vain is celebrated the Documented, on the contrary, is in Rome a memory of the Saints in order to obtain relic in the year 755 in the church of St Angel their help, are absolutely condemned, the in Pescheria. Another is documented by Church always condemned them and Raban Maurus in Fulda (Germany) in the condemns them even today (Trento, Sess, year 818. XXV; Denz. 984). To break St Nicholas’ renown, the Arab The common fight against Roman primacy admiral Chumeid, in September of the year did not help Protestants in convincing the 808, left the island of Rhodes and went to Ecumenical Patriarch Jeremiah II in 1576 to Myra to destroy the Saint’s tomb. He made a accept Protestant principles. Orthodoxy on mistake, says Theophanes in his this point is in perfect harmony with the Chronography, and not only broke a Catholic Church (included abuses and different tomb but, when back to the sea, his exaggerations). fleet sunk. The emperor Basil seems to have been interested to the relics of St Nicholas. In the Catholic Church (as well as in the The first Turkish attack against Myra took Orthodox) coexist two needs: the rigorous place in 1034, but the source doesn’t say research to arrive to certainty about the anything about the Church of the Saint. authenticity of the relic (the Bollandist methodology of the Légendes Hagiogra- If we consider this background together with phiques of Hyppolite Delehaye) and the the spreading of relics in the West following respect for tradition united to the growth of the sack of Constantinople by the Crusaders piety. Naturally, this second aspect (together (1204), we may easily assume that some with the circumstance that the authenticity relics were brought to Constantinople soon certificate is within the faculty of the local after the end of Iconoclasm (843). bishops) has caused a great amount of abuses and relics proliferations that often oversteps the border of superstition. The veneration of a St Nicholas relic in Georgievsk (Russia) ST NICHOLAS RELICS ….. BEFORE THE TRANSLATION The martyrion, that is the church outside of Myra in which the body of the revered bishop was buried, became very soon a pilgrims shrine.
Recommended publications
  • Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue and Price List of Stereopticons
    —. ; I, £3,v; and Descriptive , Illustrated ;w j CATALOGUE AND PRICE LIST- t&fs — r~* yv4 • .'../-.it *.•:.< : .. 4^. ; • ’• • • wjv* r,.^ N •’«* - . of . - VJ r .. « 7 **: „ S ; \ 1 ’ ; «•»'•: V. .c; ^ . \sK? *• .* Stereopticons . * ' «». .. • ” J- r . .. itzsg' Lantern Slides 1 -f ~ Accessories for Projection Stereopticon and Film Exchange W. B. MOORE, Manager. j. :rnu J ; 104 to no Franlclin Street ‘ Washington . (Cor. CHICAGO INDEX TO LANTERNS, ETC. FOR INDEX TO SLIDES SEE INDEX AT CLOSE OF CATALOGUE. Page Acetylene Dissolver 28 Champion Lantern 3g to 42 “ Gas 60 Check Valve S3 •* 1 • .• Gas Burner.... ; 19 Chemicals, Oxygen 74, 81 ** < .' I j Gas Generator.. ; 61 to 66 Chirograph 136 “ Gas Generator, Perfection to 66 64 Chlorate of Potash, tee Oxygen Chemicals 74 Adapter from to sire lenses, see Chromatrope.... 164 Miscellaneous....... 174 Cloak, How Made 151 Advertising Slides, Blank, see Miscellaneous.. 174 ** Slides 38010,387 " Slides 144 Color Slides or Tinters .^140 “ Slides, Ink for Writing, see Colored Films 297 Miscellaneous, 174 Coloring Films 134 “ Posters * *...153 " Slides Alcohol Vapor Mantle Light 20A v 147 Combined Check or Safety Valve 83 Alternating.Carbons, Special... 139 Comic and Mysterious Films 155 Allen Universal Focusing Lens 124, 125 Comparison of Portable Gas Outfits 93, 94 America, Wonders cf Description, 148 “Condensing Lens 128 Amet's Oro-Carbi Light 86 to 92, 94 " Lens Mounting 128 •Ancient Costumes ....! 131 Connections, Electric Lamp and Rheostat... 96, 97 Approximate Length of Focus 123 " Electric Stage 139 Arc Lamp 13 to 16 Costumes 130 to 152, 380 to 3S7 ** Lamp and Rheostat, How to Connect 96 Cover Glasses, see Miscellaneous ,....174 Arnold's Improved Calcium Light Outfit.
    [Show full text]
  • Fribourg Region the Leisure Activities and Discoveries Guide Welcoming Delicious Unexpected 2019
    FRIBOURG REGION THE LEISURE ACTIVITIES AND DISCOVERIES GUIDE WELCOMING DELICIOUS UNEXPECTED 2019 THE UNEXPECTED THE NOCTURNAL ADVENTURES OF BEAVERS EXPERIENCE i'VE EXPERIENCED: AN EXTRAORDINARY ADVENTURE PASSION KEEPING WALKERS ON THE RIGHT TRACK... ALONG 1800 KM OF PATHWAYS! www.fribourgregion.ch 2 FRIBOURG REGION IT'S DZ¡N ! Discover unique activities and inspiring encounters with local MEADOWS: people. Create memories NATURE’S as a group or individual, TREASURES for children and adults alike. www.dzin.ch PAGE 4 CONTENTS Meadows: nature’s treasures ........................ 4 Hiking in Fribourg Region, Aline Hayoz-Andrey accompanies amateur botanists the joy factor! ................................................ 20 I've experienced: an extraordinary Life is a beautiful walk ...................................22 adventure ....................................................... 8 The Trans Swiss Trail, a shared long-distance project Jean-Claude Pesse perpetuates an ancestral tradition Keeping walkers on the right track... “The philosophical sweeper” .......................10 along 1800 km of pathways! ...................... 26 Interview with Michel Simonet on the streets of Fribourg The diligent professionals who maintain the waymarks The nocturnal adventures Valuable advice from Bruno Jelk ................ 28 of beavers ....................................................... 14 A leading expert on safety in the mountains Nature and people get along together in the Grande Cariçaie A visit to Romont that’s full of surprises ....................................................32
    [Show full text]
  • The Legacy of Andre Vauchez's Sainthood in the Later Middle Ages
    The Legacy of André Vauchez � Sainthood in the Later Middle Ages Thomas Head Hunter College and the Graduate Center, CUNY It is the appearance of a translation entitled Sainthood in the Later Middle Ages (trans. Jean Birrell [Cambridge, 1987]) which provides us the excuse this afternoon to consider the André Vauchez � masterwork and its legacy in shaping the hagiographic scholarship over the course of almost two decades. Vauchez originally published his thèse d �état in 1981. It became on its publication, and remains today, the benchmark for all study of hagiography and the cult of saints in the later middle ages. The book is a systematic examination of the records of the formal processes initiated for the canonization of saints between 1198 and 1431. Vauchez thus implicitly took up the challenge issued in 1965 by Frantisek Graus Volk, Herrscher und Heiliger im Reich der Merowinger: Studien zur Hagiographie der Merowingerzeit (Prague, 1965), that is to use neglected genres of hagiographic works as sources for the social history of western Christianity. Given the importance that has come to be accorded Graus � pioneering study among scholars �particularly Anglophone scholars �who examine hagiography more for social historical than for philological or theological reasons, it is natural to link the work of the French Catholic to that of the Czech Marxist. Our chair this afternoon, Richard Kieckhefer �himself one of the most distinguished Anglophone scholars of late medieval sanctity �made exactly that connection on the opening page (p. xix) of the foreword which he provided for the English translation. Vauchez himself invoked Graus on the first page of his own introduction, but in a much more limited manner, as one among a group of scholars of the Merovingian and Carolingian periods who have "made it possible to bring within the �territory of the historian � the terra incognita which the history of sanctity has long represented." (p.
    [Show full text]
  • Traces of the Actress Irena Solska (1875–1958) in the Dramas of Jerzy Żuławski (1874–1915)
    Estetyka The Polish Journal i Krytyka of Aesthetics 41 (2/2016), DOI: 10.19205/41.16.10 Natalia Yakubova* Phantasies of Restored Innocence: Traces of the Actress Irena Solska (1875–1958) in the Dramas of Jerzy Żuławski (1874–1915) Abstract Psyche in Eros and Psyche (1904) byThe Jerzy Myrtle Żuławski Wreath was one of theIjola most important- roles of Irena Solska (1875–1958), which she played for twenty years. The playwright confessed that he also had written (1903) and (1905) spe cifically for this actress. In spite of the fact that reviewers often criticized the texts- and tried to “protect” Solska from being associated with the author’s intentions, she- probably identified herself with them to a great extent. Given the lack of detailed ac counts of Solska’s performance in the criticism, these texts become the most impor tant source, although also a controversial one. They reveal some important impulses of Solska’s creativity. Her desire “to restore innocence” in her onstage creation was a way to overcome the repressive reality of her past and the burden accumulated through “the matrilineal heritage.” Key words Irena Solska, Jerzy Żuławski, female creativity, matrilineal heritage, constructions of innocence, women’s autobiographical writing This research was supported by a Marie Curie International Incoming Fel- lowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme * Institute of Art Studies, Moscow Email: [email protected] 192 Natalia Yakubova 1 In 1975 the famous writer Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz wrote about his visit- to Fribourg, Switzerland. The Cathedral of St. Nicholas in this town is decorated with the stained glass of the great Polish artist Józef Mehof fer (1869–1946).
    [Show full text]
  • Uni International 300 N
    INFORMATION TO USERS This was produced from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material subm itted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)”. If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure you of complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark it is an indication that the film inspector noticed either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, or duplicate copy. Unless we meant to delete copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed, you will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. If copyrighted materials were deleted you will find a target note listing the pages in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photo­ graphed the photographer has followed a definite method in "sectioning” the material. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again—beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete.
    [Show full text]
  • Stories of the Vernacular, Vol 4
    2 Stories of the vernacular Simon 3 title: Stories of the vernacular volume: 4 author: Simon Simon's advisor and source of inspiration: Simon Senn Simon's training: based on texts by Magali Jenny Simon's implementation: GPT2 publisher: meta stories first edition: June, 2020 printer: Lulu Press, North Carolina, USA cover design: Baptiste Milési editorial design: Tammara Leites format: pocket edition, softcover fonts: SangBleu Versailles, Suisse Intl Mono, by Swiss Typefaces First edition printed at Haute École d'Art et de Design Geneva a Master Thesis by Tammara Leites, Master in Media Design 4 To all the people who graciously donated their personal photos for this project. 5 6 Table Of Contents {Foreword} {Tammara} {Jess} {Simon} {Vincent} {Caroline} {François} {Rémi} {Emilio} {Erandi} {George} {Rob} {Sonny Da Silva} {Royston} {Pelayo} {Shiro} {I Am Just Testing U} {S} {Elouan} {Dan} {Roberta} {Lee Ramsey} {Astrid} {Anne} {Martha} {Danielle} {Gillian Valeska} {Pat} {Jurg} {Merouan} {Bouh} {Odess} {Massimo} {Ben} {Amelia} {Proline240} {Kunz} {J} {Dimitri} {Vinbar56} {Tom} {Hiyou} {Serge} {Paul} {Maria} {Jacques} {Hélène} {Marie} {Robert} {Emma} {Myriam} 7 8 A Word From The Author's Author Meta stories is a design project motivated by my interest in vernacular photography, more specifically, personal photography. As an interactive designer, I am interested in the way the tools we use and their evolution have changed our personal practice so drastically. We went from taking photos of family events and holidays to capturing every-day life. Moreover, we went from inconsistently jotting down dates and places behind printed photos to having our collection of memories automatically classified for us.
    [Show full text]
  • Prudentius, Poetry and Hispania
    ORBIT-OnlineRepository ofBirkbeckInstitutionalTheses Enabling Open Access to Birkbeck’s Research Degree output Prudentius, Poetry and Hispania https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/40038/ Version: Full Version Citation: Hershkowitz, Paula (2013) Prudentius, Poetry and Hispania. [Thesis] (Unpublished) c 2020 The Author(s) All material available through ORBIT is protected by intellectual property law, including copy- right law. Any use made of the contents should comply with the relevant law. Deposit Guide Contact: email PRUDENTIUS, POETRY AND HISPANIA Paula Hershkowitz Department of History, Classics and Archaeology Birkbeck, University of London Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The work presented in this thesis is my own ................................................................ Paula Hershkowitz 1 ABSTRACT The thesis focuses on the martyr poetry of Prudentius. It argues that we cannot fully understand his verses without contextualising the poet within his physical environment, in particular that of Hispania, his homeland. Although literary sources can provide information about Prudentius and his work, it is only by accessing evidence from the archaeological and visual record when studying his poetry that its purpose can be fully understood. Chapter I serves as an introduction to Prudentius. It examines the information he gives us about himself in his poetry and discusses the historical context and background of his work. Chapter II identifies the audience of Prudentius and proposes a role for him as villa-poet to the elite of Hispania. It questions the extent to which this audience were, during his lifetime, committed to the Christian religion. Chapter III analyses the martyr poems in detail, especially those located in Hispania. By examining the material evidence for martyr worship in the locations mentioned by Prudentius it assesses whether the cult of the martyrs played a significant role in the lives of the Spanish.
    [Show full text]
  • Heresy and Error Eric Marshall White Phd [email protected]
    Southern Methodist University SMU Scholar Bridwell Library Publications Bridwell Library 9-20-2010 Heresy and Error Eric Marshall White PhD [email protected] Rebecca Howdeshell Southern Methodist University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.smu.edu/libraries_bridwell_publications Part of the Ancient, Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Art and Architecture Commons, Art and Materials Conservation Commons, Book and Paper Commons, European History Commons, and the History of Religion Commons Recommended Citation White, Eric Marshall PhD and Howdeshell, Rebecca, "Heresy and Error" (2010). Bridwell Library Publications. 1. https://scholar.smu.edu/libraries_bridwell_publications/1 This document is brought to you for free and open access by the Bridwell Library at SMU Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Bridwell Library Publications by an authorized administrator of SMU Scholar. For more information, please visit http://digitalrepository.smu.edu. “Heresy and Error” THE ECCLESIASTICAL CENSORSHIP OF BOOKS 1400–1800 “Heresy and Error” THE ECCLESIASTICAL CENSORSHIP OF BOOKS 1400–1800 Eric Marshall White Curator of Special Collections Bridwell Library Perkins School of Theology Southern Methodist University 2010 Murray, Sequel to the English Reader, 1839 (exhibit 55). Front cover: Erasmus, In Novum Testamentum annotationes, 1555 (exhibit 1). Title page and back cover: Boniface VIII, Liber sextus decretalium, 1517 (exhibit 46). Copyright 2010 Bridwell Library, Perkins School of Theology, Southern Methodist University. All rights reserved. FROM ITS INCEPTION THE EARLY CHRISTIAN CHURCH sought to suppress books believed to contain heretical or erroneous teachings. With the development of the printing press during the latter half of the fifteenth century, Christian authorities in Europe became increasingly aware of the need to control the mass production of unfamiliar and potentially unacceptable texts.
    [Show full text]
  • The Functioning and Development of Kirsch & Fleckner’S Workshop in Fribourg During the First Half of the Twentieth Century
    Folia Historiae Artium Seria Nowa, t. 17: 2019 / PL ISSN 0071-6723 VALÉRIE SAUTEREL, CAMILLE NOVERRAZ Vitrocentre Romont THE FUNCTIONING AND DEVELOPMENT OF KIRSCH & FLECKNER’S WORKSHOP IN FRIBOURG DURING THE FIRST HALF OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY In 1991, the Swiss Centre for Stained-Glass Research and role, and Kirsch the artistic one. During the first years, Information (now Vitrocentre Romont) received a dona- the stained-glass workshop team was very small: only one tion from the graphic collection of the Fribourg workshop employee and one apprentice.1 Kirsch & Fleckner, consisting of more than 1700 works At the end of the nineteenth century, there were very (cartoons and models). few active stained-glass workshops in Fribourg and a lot The workshop was active from the end of the nine- of opportunities for expansion in the trade. During the teenth century until 1938, when Vincenz Kirsch died. This last quarter of the nineteenth century stained-glass win- collection was pre-inventoried in the late 1990s by Augus- dows production in the French-speaking part of Switzer- tin Pasquier, a former collaborator of the Centre. In 2015, land was dominated by Zurich workshops, such as those we extended this work with the intention of understand- of Friedrich Berbig, Johann Jakob Röttinger, Adolf Kreu- ing not only the way the workshop operates but also its zer and Karl Wehrli the elder and his son Jakob Georg.2 development during the first years of its activity, through During its four years of activity, at the end of the century, an in-depth study of the works.
    [Show full text]
  • Culture and History
    CULTURE AND HISTORY RICH HERITAGE, ATTRACTIVELY STAGED Fribourg Region has a rich cultural heritage and as well as entire streets – over 200 in total – of 15th the inhabitants take care of it with love and pride. century Gothic façades. Then there are the 14 bridges The narrow lanes of the medieval towns of Fribourg, and 12 historic fountains, which alone are worth the Gruyères, Romont, Murten and Estavayer-le-Lac are visit. La Gruyère is also a cultural region: its everyday picturesque, but full of life. Fortifications, churches farming and festival culture are traditions that are still and monasteries – many of them on the Way of St. practised today in some cases. They are presented in James – castles and manor houses attract visitors the Musée Gruérien in Bulle. All of this and a profound with fascinating cultural activities. The capital, openness give rise to contemporary and unusual Fribourg, enchants visitors with its magnificent Gothic customs, as well as a great deal of culture. architecture, first and foremost St. Nicholas Cathedral, www.fribourgregion.ch FRIBOURG, AN EASILY ACCESSIBLE MEDIEVAL TOWN Town fortifications: The medieval fortifications are accessible during the St. Nicholas Cathedral: The town’s day from spring until autumn. Five gates, six towers, seven sections of landmark, whose construction walls, a large rampart: the most significant heritage of medieval military began in 1283, depicts a bas architecture in Switzerland is open to visitors. Exploring the impressive relief of the Last Judgement on the fortifications with a guide and historian is a good way to learn about the main door, has magnificent glass history of the town, built in the meander of the River Sarine, and discover windows, wonderful old organs the best vantage points.
    [Show full text]
  • The Standing of the Soul: the Search for a Middle Being Between God and Matter in the De Statu Animae of Claudianus Mamertus
    The Standing of the Soul: The Search for a Middle Being between God and Matter in the De Statu Animae of Claudianus Mamertus Author: Steven Robert Cain Persistent link: http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:105066 This work is posted on eScholarship@BC, Boston College University Libraries. Boston College Electronic Thesis or Dissertation, 2016 Copyright is held by the author, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise noted. Boston College The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Department of Philosophy THE STANDING OF THE SOUL: THE SEARCH FOR A MIDDLE BEING BETWEEN GOD AND MATTER IN THE DE STATU ANIMAE OF CLAUDIANUS MAMERTUS a dissertation by STEVEN ROBERT CAIN submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy May, 2016 © copyright by STEVEN ROBERT CAIN 2016 ABSTRACT THE STANDING OF THE SOUL: THE SEARCH FOR A MIDDLE BEING BETWEEN GOD AND MATTER IN THE DE STATU ANIMAE OF CLAUDIANUS MAMERTUS Steven Robert Cain Advisor: Dr. Stephen Brown This thesis is intended as a complement to Fr. Ernest Fortin’s Christianisme et culture philosophique. In that work, he examined the De statu animae of Claudianus Mamertus and its affinity to the thought of the Neoplatonic philosophers (especially Porphyry) in order to make its doctrine more clear. But he also looked at it to see the greatness of philosophical spirit that its author possessed, a remarkable spirit considering the time in which he wrote. Though Fr. Fortin’s work is quite thorough, there are some aspects of the De statu animae that are treated only slightly or not at all.
    [Show full text]
  • The Visual St. Stephen Narrative As the Essence of Ecclesiastical Authority Kara Ann Morrow
    Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2007 "Ears and Eyes and Mouth and Heart… His Soul and His Senses": The Visual St. Stephen Narrative as the Essence of Ecclesiastical Authority Kara Ann Morrow Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF VISUAL ARTS, THEATRE AND DANCE “EARS AND EYES AND MOUTH AND HEART . HIS SOUL AND HIS SENSES”: THE VISUAL ST. STEPHEN NARRATIVE AS THE ESSENCE OF ECCLESIASTICAL AUTHORITY By KARA ANN MORROW A Dissertation Submitted to the Department of Art History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded: Spring Semester, 2007 Copyright © 2007 Kara Ann Morrow All Rights Reserved The members of the Committee approve the dissertation of Kara Ann Morrow defended on October 9, 2006. ___________________________ Cynthia Hahn Professor Directing Dissertation ___________________________ Paul Strait Outside Committee Member ___________________________ Paula Gerson Committee Member ___________________________ Richard Emmerson Committee Member Approved: ___________________________________________________ Richard Emmerson, Chair, Department of Art History ___________________________________________________ Sally McRorie, Dean, College of Visual Arts, Theatre and Dance The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above named committee members. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures vii Abbreviations x Abstract xi INTRODUCTION 1 2. “A MAN FULL OF FAITH AND THE HOLY GHOST”: ST. STEPHEN IN WORD AND IMAGE 18 The Most Primary of Texts: The Acts of the Apostles 6 and 7 19 A Saintly Biographer for a Saintly Biography: St. Augustine on St.
    [Show full text]