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University of Florida Thesis Or Dissertation Formatting
SYSTEMATICS OF TRIBE TRICHOCEREEAE AND POPULATION GENETICS OF Haageocereus (CACTACEAE) By MÓNICA ARAKAKI MAKISHI A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2008 1 © 2008 Mónica Arakaki Makishi 2 To my parents, Bunzo and Cristina, and to my sisters and brother. 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I want to express my deepest appreciation to my advisors, Douglas Soltis and Pamela Soltis, for their consistent support, encouragement and generosity of time. I would also like to thank Norris Williams and Michael Miyamoto, members of my committee, for their guidance, good disposition and positive feedback. Special thanks go to Carlos Ostolaza and Fátima Cáceres, for sharing their knowledge on Peruvian Cactaceae, and for providing essential plant material, confirmation of identifications, and their detailed observations of cacti in the field. I am indebted to the many individuals that have directly or indirectly supported me during the fieldwork: Carlos Ostolaza, Fátima Cáceres, Asunción Cano, Blanca León, José Roque, María La Torre, Richard Aguilar, Nestor Cieza, Olivier Klopfenstein, Martha Vargas, Natalia Calderón, Freddy Peláez, Yammil Ramírez, Eric Rodríguez, Percy Sandoval, and Kenneth Young (Peru); Stephan Beck, Noemí Quispe, Lorena Rey, Rosa Meneses, Alejandro Apaza, Esther Valenzuela, Mónica Zeballos, Freddy Centeno, Alfredo Fuentes, and Ramiro Lopez (Bolivia); María E. Ramírez, Mélica Muñoz, and Raquel Pinto (Chile). I thank the curators and staff of the herbaria B, F, FLAS, LPB, MO, USM, U, TEX, UNSA and ZSS, who kindly loaned specimens or made information available through electronic means. Thanks to Carlos Ostolaza for providing seeds of Haageocereus tenuis, to Graham Charles for seeds of Blossfeldia sucrensis and Acanthocalycium spiniflorum, to Donald Henne for specimens of Haageocereus lanugispinus; and to Bernard Hauser and Kent Vliet for aid with microscopy. -
The Role of Phytotoxic and Antimicrobial Compounds of Euphorbia Gummifera in the Cause and Maintenance of the Fairy Circles of Namibia
The role of phytotoxic and antimicrobial compounds of Euphorbia gummifera in the cause and maintenance of the fairy circles of Namibia by Nicole Galt Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Magister Scientiae Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences University of Pretoria Pretoria Supervisor: Prof. J.J.M. Meyer March 2018 i The role of phytotoxic and antimicrobial compounds of Euphorbia gummifera in the cause and maintenance of the fairy circles of Namibia by Nicole Galt Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences University of Pretoria Pretoria Supervisor: Prof. J.J.M. Meyer Degree: MSc Medicinal Plant Science Abstract Fairy circles (FC) are unexplained botanical phenomena of the pro-Namib desert and parts of the West Coast of South Africa. They are defined as circular to oval shaped anomalies of varying sizes that are left bereft of vegetation. Even though there are several distinctly different hypotheses that have aimed to explain the origin of fairy circles, none have done so to satisfaction of the scientific community. The aim of this study was to determine if phytotoxic and antibacterial properties of a co-occurring Euphorbia species, E. gummifera plays a role in the creation of fairy circles. Representative soil samples (from inside-, outside fairy circles and underneath dead E. gummifera plants) and plant samples (aerial ii parts of E. gummifera and intact grasses, Stipagrostis uniplumis) were collected from the area. The collected samples were used for a several biological assays. A soil bed bio-assay was done using the three collected soil types. -
THE BIOLOGY, ECOLOGY and CONSERVATION of Euphorbia Clivicola in the LIMPOPO PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA
THE BIOLOGY, ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF Euphorbia clivicola IN THE LIMPOPO PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA MASTER OF SCIENCE IN BOTANY S.I. CHUENE 2016 THE BIOLOGY, ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF Euphorbia clivicola IN THE LIMPOPO PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA BY SELOBA IGNITIUS CHUENE A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN BOTANY FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND AGRICULTURE, SCHOOL OF MOLECULAR AND LIFE SCIENCES, DEPARTMENT OF BIODIVERSITY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF LIMPOPO SUPERVISOR: PROF. M.J. POTGIETER CO-SUPERVISOR: MR. J.W. KRUGER (LEDET) 2016 LIMPOP OF O U TY NIVERSI Faculty of Science and Agriculture ABSTRACT The need to conduct a detailed biological and ecological study on Euphorbia clivicola was sparked by the drastic decline in the sizes of the Percy Fyfe Nature Reserve (Mokopane) and Radar Hill (Polokwane) populations, coupled with the discovery of two new populations; one in Dikgale and another in Makgeng village. The two newly (2012) discovered populations lacked scientific data necessary to develop an adaptive management plan. This study aimed to conduct a detailed biological and ecological assessment, in order to develop an informed management and monitoring plan for the four populations of E. clivicola. This study entailed a demographic investigation of all populations and an inter- population genetic diversity comparison so as to establish the relationship between all populations of E. clivicola. The abiotic and biotic interactions of E. clivicola were examined to determine the intrinsic and extrinsic factors causing the decline in the Percy Fyfe Nature Reserve and Radar Hill population sizes. Fire as one of the abiotic factors was observed to be beneficial to E. -
South American Cacti in Time and Space: Studies on the Diversification of the Tribe Cereeae, with Particular Focus on Subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae)
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2013 South American Cacti in time and space: studies on the diversification of the tribe Cereeae, with particular focus on subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae) Lendel, Anita Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-93287 Dissertation Published Version Originally published at: Lendel, Anita. South American Cacti in time and space: studies on the diversification of the tribe Cereeae, with particular focus on subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae). 2013, University of Zurich, Faculty of Science. South American Cacti in Time and Space: Studies on the Diversification of the Tribe Cereeae, with Particular Focus on Subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae) _________________________________________________________________________________ Dissertation zur Erlangung der naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorwürde (Dr.sc.nat.) vorgelegt der Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Zürich von Anita Lendel aus Kroatien Promotionskomitee: Prof. Dr. H. Peter Linder (Vorsitz) PD. Dr. Reto Nyffeler Prof. Dr. Elena Conti Zürich, 2013 Table of Contents Acknowledgments 1 Introduction 3 Chapter 1. Phylogenetics and taxonomy of the tribe Cereeae s.l., with particular focus 15 on the subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae – Cactoideae) Chapter 2. Floral evolution in the South American tribe Cereeae s.l. (Cactaceae: 53 Cactoideae): Pollination syndromes in a comparative phylogenetic context Chapter 3. Contemporaneous and recent radiations of the world’s major succulent 86 plant lineages Chapter 4. Tackling the molecular dating paradox: underestimated pitfalls and best 121 strategies when fossils are scarce Outlook and Future Research 207 Curriculum Vitae 209 Summary 211 Zusammenfassung 213 Acknowledgments I really believe that no one can go through the process of doing a PhD and come out without being changed at a very profound level. -
Baja California, Mexico, and a Vegetation Map of Colonet Mesa Alan B
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 29 | Issue 1 Article 4 2011 Plants of the Colonet Region, Baja California, Mexico, and a Vegetation Map of Colonet Mesa Alan B. Harper Terra Peninsular, Coronado, California Sula Vanderplank Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont, California Mark Dodero Recon Environmental Inc., San Diego, California Sergio Mata Terra Peninsular, Coronado, California Jorge Ochoa Long Beach City College, Long Beach, California Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Biodiversity Commons, Botany Commons, and the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons Recommended Citation Harper, Alan B.; Vanderplank, Sula; Dodero, Mark; Mata, Sergio; and Ochoa, Jorge (2011) "Plants of the Colonet Region, Baja California, Mexico, and a Vegetation Map of Colonet Mesa," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 29: Iss. 1, Article 4. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol29/iss1/4 Aliso, 29(1), pp. 25–42 ’ 2011, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden PLANTS OF THE COLONET REGION, BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO, AND A VEGETATION MAPOF COLONET MESA ALAN B. HARPER,1 SULA VANDERPLANK,2 MARK DODERO,3 SERGIO MATA,1 AND JORGE OCHOA4 1Terra Peninsular, A.C., PMB 189003, Suite 88, Coronado, California 92178, USA ([email protected]); 2Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, 1500 North College Avenue, Claremont, California 91711, USA; 3Recon Environmental Inc., 1927 Fifth Avenue, San Diego, California 92101, USA; 4Long Beach City College, 1305 East Pacific Coast Highway, Long Beach, California 90806, USA ABSTRACT The Colonet region is located at the southern end of the California Floristic Province, in an area known to have the highest plant diversity in Baja California. -
Espostoa Br.& R
2021/09/25 08:03 1/10 Espostoa Br.& R. Espostoa Br.& R. Cet article est basé sur l'original écrit par Graham Charles et publié dans le British Cactus and Succulent Journal 17(2): 69-79 (1999). Vous en trouverez une traduction sur le Cactus Francophone : Espostoa Br.& R. Il est ici modifié et corrigé à la lumière de nouvelles découvertes. Notez que dans l'article original, la fig 1. à la page 68 a été incorrectement légendée. On doit lire “Espostoa melanostele dans le Canyon Tinajas, près de Lima GC157.04” Although cerei are not the most popular cacti for growers restricted by cultivation in glasshouses, almost all collections have at least one representative of this beautiful genus. Most species are easy to cultivate and the hairy stems of many species make them an attractive addition to any collection, even in a small glasshouse. In pots, they are slower growing than many cerei, a factor which also makes them good show plants, frequently seen winning the Cereus class. For exhibitors, those species with stems covered with white hair catch the judge's eye. The hair can also hide minor blemishes on the stem which would more likely get spotted and count against other less covered species! In keeping with the fashionable trend towards the broader concept of genera, Espostoa has been expanded in recent years to include species previously included in the separate genera Pseudoespostoa Backbg., Thrixanthocereus Backbg. and Vatricania Backbg. Recent molecular studies have shown that Vatricania is not an Espostoa and so it will be excluded from this revised article. -
Cactus Explorers Journal
Bradleya 34/2016 pages 100–124 What is a cephalium? Root Gorelick Department of Biology and School of Mathematics & Statistics and Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Carleton University, 1125 Raven Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6 Canada (e-mail: [email protected]) Photographs by the author unless otherwise stated. Summary : There are problems with previous at - gibt meist einen abgrenzbaren Übergang vom tempts to define ‘cephalium’, such as via produc - photosynthetisch aktiven Gewebe zum nicht pho - tion of more hairs and spines, confluence of tosynthetisch aktiven und blütentragenden areoles, or periderm development at or under - Cephalium, die beide vom gleichen Triebspitzen - neath each areole after flowering. I propose using meristem abstammen. Cephalien haben eine an - the term ‘cephalium’ only for a combination of dere Phyllotaxis als die vegetativen these criteria, i.e. flowering parts of cacti that Sprossabschnitte und sitzen der vorhandenen have confluent hairy or spiny areoles exterior to a vegetativen Phyllotaxis auf. Wenn blühende Ab - thick periderm, where these hairs, spines, and schnitte nur einen Teil der oben genannten Merk - periderms arise almost immediately below the male aufweisen, schlage ich vor, diese Strukturen shoot apical meristem, and with more hairs and als „Pseudocephalien“ zu bezeichnen. spines on reproductive parts than on photosyn - thetic parts of the shoot. Periderm development Introduction and confluent areoles preclude photosynthesis of Most cacti (Cactaceae) are peculiar plants, cephalia, which therefore lack or mostly lack even for angiosperms, with highly succulent stomata. There is almost always a discrete tran - stems, numerous highly lignified leaves aka sition from photosynthetic vegetative tissues to a spines, lack of functional photosynthetic leaves, non-photosynthetic flower-bearing cephalium, CAM photosynthesis, huge sunken shoot apical both of which arise from the same shoot apical meristems, and fantastic stem architectures meristem. -
Bradleya 31/2013 Pages 142-149
Bradleya 31/2013 pages 142-149 Coleocephalocereus purpureus has a cephalium; Micrantho - cereus streckeri has a pseudocephalium (Cereeae, Cactoideae, Cactaceae) Root Gorelick Department of Biology, School of Mathematics & Statistics, and Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6 Canada. (email: [email protected]). Photographs by the author Summary : The putatively closely related cactus Introduction genera of Coleocephalocereus , Micranthocereus , Cactaceae (cacti) in the tribe Cactoideae have Cereus , Monvillea , and Stetsonia have a wide a wide range of reproductive anatomies ranging range in specialization of reproductive portions of from cephalia to pseudocephalia to forms where the shoot, from cephalium to pseudocephalium to reproductive and vegetative structures are indis - no specialization. After briefly summarizing the tinguishable (Buxbaum, 1964, 1975; Mauseth, shifting uses of the terms ‘cephalium’ and ‘pseudo - 2006). cephalium’, I provide gross morphological evi - For instance, Melocactus Link & Otto, Disco - dence that Coleocephalocereus purpureus has a cactus Pfeiffer, and Espostoa Britton & Rose have true cephalium that is formed of a continuous true cephalia in which the flowering parts are not swath of bristles and hairs, with its underlying photosynthetic because every epidermal cell con - thick cortex of parenchyma replaced by a narrow tains a modified leaf that is a hair, bristle, or layer of cork. By contrast, Micranthocereus streck - spine, with no stomata amongst the epidermal eri has a pseudocephalium composed of nothing cells (Mauseth, 2006). Furthermore, there are more than larger hairier areoles in which the un - changes to the internal anatomy of cephalia, derlying epidermis is still photosynthetic and the where the underlying cortex is not a wide swath of underlying cortex is still a thick layer of highly succulent parenchyma, but instead a thin parenchyma without any noticeable cork. -
Chapters 13-14
13. ROCKERY IX This feature runs in a North-South direction from near the Western end of Rockery VIII. It is a small feature, 21 meter long and about 11 meters wide at the middle. On this feature are grown plants belonging to the collection of the late SHRI O. P. BANSAL, who was a keen plant grower. For several years he was associated with the Rose Society of India. In his later years he took to growing cacti. He expired in 1994, when be was actively involved in the activities of the National Cactus and Succulent Society of India, Chandigarh. After his sudden death in 1994 the family expressed the desire to donate the plants to this Garden. So after building Rockery VIII for MR. G. C. JAIN, this rockery came into being. MR BANSAL had a small collection, but quite a large number were big 175 specimen plants. Most remarkable were three mature plants of Melocactus maxonii with large cephalium, big groups of Coryphantha elephantidens, and several large Ferocactus herrerae. Out of the three big Melocacti, one still survives near the Northern end. The others did not survive long. Now several younger plants have been planted alongside this specimen. Starting from the Northern end there is an Agave americana variegated plant. In the background of this rockery there are several large Ritterocereus pruinosis, Yucca aloefolia, Kalanchoe behariensis, Aloe arborescens and some Agaves. There are three Opuntia mamillata fa. monstrose plants on this feature. A large Espostoa lanata is near the Northern end. There is a larger plant of Napolea cochenillifera. -
Total Phenolics and Flavonoids Content, Antioxidant Activity and GC/MS Analyses of Euphorbia Grandialata
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 7 (06), pp. 176-181, June, 2017 Available online at http://www.japsonline.com DOI: 10.7324/JAPS.2017.70625 ISSN 2231-3354 Total phenolics and flavonoids content, antioxidant activity and GC/MS analyses of Euphorbia grandialata Mona Ismaila, Asmaa I. Owisa, Mona Hettab, Rabab Mohammeda* aPharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62111, Egypt. bPharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, 63514, Egypt. ABSTRACT ARTICLE INFO Article history: Objective: This study has been designed to study phenolic and flavonoid contents quantitatively; screen Received on: 24/02/2017 antioxidant activity and investigate unsaponifiable and saponifiable matters of Euphorbia grandialata R. aerial Accepted on: 13/04/2017 parts. Available online: 30/06/2017 Methods: The phenolics and flavonoids content were assayed by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and aluminium chloride reagent respectively, while the anti-oxidant activity was done by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl Key words: (DPPH).GC/MS analysis was used to analyze unsaponifiable and saponifiable matters. Euphorbiaceae, phenolics, Results: Total phenolics result was calculated as (17.61 ± 1.2 μg gallic acid/g), total flavonoids as (4.495 ± 0.39 DPPH, GC/MS. μg rutin/g) and anti-oxidants activity as (140.6 % μg ascorbic acid/g). The identified compounds in unsaponifiable matter were hydrocarbons (51.1 %), steroids and triterpenes (35.92%). The saponifiable matter showed fourteen components from which six were identified as methyl esters of saturated fatty acids (46.26%) and eight as methyl esters of unsaturated fatty acids (53.74 %). Conclusion: Euphorbia grandialata could be considered as a valuable source of natural antioxidants. -
Connoisseurs' Cacti
TheCactus Explorer The first free on-line Journal for Cactus and Succulent Enthusiasts Quebrada Botija, Chile Parodia turbinata Number 6 Copiapoa taltalensis ISSN 2048-0482 Echeveria trianthina November 2012 Navajoa fickeisenii The Cactus Explorer ISSN 2048-0482 Number 6 November 2012 IN THIS EDITION Regular Features Articles Introduction 3 Parodia turbinata : a confused taxon 26 News and Events 4 Discocactus horstii in Habitat 34 Recent New Descriptions 15 A Day Trip to the Peak of Botija 37 In the Glasshouse 17 A must see site - Suripujio 43 Journal Roundup 20 Echeveria trianthina and E. halbingeri The Love of Books 22 var. sanchez-mejoradae 46 Cactus People Histories 24 Matucana aurantiaca in the Cordillera Blanca 49 Society Page 62 Copiapoa taltalensis in the vicinity of Esmeralda 52 Plants and Seeds for Sale 65 Travel with the Cactus Expert (5) 57 Books for Sale 68 Last minute additions Ferocactus cylindraceus or F. acanthodes ? 25 iSpot South Africa 48 The No.1 source for on-line information about cacti and succulents is http://www.cactus-mall.com Cover Picture Copiapoa atacamensis and Eulychnia iquiquensis at the top of Pico Botija. Photo: Philippe Corman Invitation to Contributors Please consider the Cactus Explorer as the place to publish your articles. We welcome contributions for any of the regular features or a longer article with pictures on any aspect of cacti and succulents. The editorial team is happy to help you with preparing your work. Please send your submissions as plain text in a ‘Word’ document together with jpeg or tiff images with the maximum resolution available. -
Espostoa(Vatricania)
Haseltonia58 26: 58–67. 2019 Haseltonia 26: 58–67. 201958 Espostoa (Vatricania) guentheri have unusual cephalia or pseudocephalia Root Gorelick Department of Biology and School of Mathematics & Statistics and Institute of Interdisciplinary Stud- ies Carleton University, 1125 Raven Road (unceded Algonquin territory),Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6 Canada. Email: [email protected] Manuscript received 19th August 2019 Abstract: Espostoa (Vatricania) guentheri is a peculiar putative Espostoa, having some traits in common with Espostoa sensu stricto (cephalia in which many or most epidermal cells produces a spine, bristle, or trichome), some traits in common with Thrixanthocereus (cephalia with bristles instead of hairs; patches of epidermal cells in the cephalium that lack spines, bristles, hairs or trichomes), and some unique traits (gradual transition to cephalium formation; disjunct habitat). Gradual cephalium formation in E. guentheri is common, but not universal, which might be either because Vatricania is not closely related to Espostoa or that Vatricania is of hybrid origin. E. guentheri may have a pseudocephalium, rather than a true cephalium, with the reproductive part of shoots in subgenus Vatricania being morphologically intermediate between those of subgenus Espostoa and subgenus Thrixanthocereus. Keywords: cephalium, Espostoa, disjunct species, hybrid origin, pseudocephalium, Thrixanthocereus, Vatricania INTRODUCTION Previously (Gorelick, 2016: 118), I defined a cephalium as: part of a cactus shoot arising directly from the shoot apical meristem, with the cephalium composed of confluent areoles from which flow- ers originate, bearing copious spines and trichomes, and underlain by a thick periderm in lieu of an even thicker cortex. Bristles and hairs on flowering parts are longer than those on non-flowering parts.