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A Taxonomic Backbone for the Global Synthesis of Species Diversity in the Angiosperm Order Caryophyllales

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Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2015 A taxonomic backbone for the global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales Hernández-Ledesma, Patricia; Berendsohn, Walter G; Borsch, Thomas; Mering, Sabine Von; Akhani, Hossein; Arias, Salvador; Castañeda-Noa, Idelfonso; Eggli, Urs; Eriksson, Roger; Flores-Olvera, Hilda; Fuentes-Bazán, Susy; Kadereit, Gudrun; Klak, Cornelia; Korotkova, Nadja; Nyffeler, Reto; Ocampo, Gilberto; Ochoterena, Helga; Oxelman, Bengt; Rabeler, Richard K; Sanchez, Adriana; Schlumpberger, Boris O; Uotila, Pertti Abstract: The Caryophyllales constitute a major lineage of flowering plants with approximately 12500 species in 39 families. A taxonomic backbone at the genus level is provided that reflects the current state of knowledge and accepts 749 genera for the order. A detailed review of the literature of the past two decades shows that enormous progress has been made in understanding overall phylogenetic relationships in Caryophyllales. The process of re-circumscribing families in order to be monophyletic appears to be largely complete and has led to the recognition of eight new families (Anacampserotaceae, Kewaceae, Limeaceae, Lophiocarpaceae, Macarthuriaceae, Microteaceae, Montiaceae and Talinaceae), while the phylogenetic evaluation of generic concepts is still well underway. As a result of this, the number of genera has increased by more than ten percent in comparison to the last complete treatments in the Families and genera of vascular plants” series. A checklist with all currently accepted genus names in Caryophyllales, as well as nomenclatural references, type names and synonymy is presented. Notes indicate how extensively the respective genera have been studied in a phylogenetic context. The most diverse families at the generic level are Cactaceae and Aizoaceae, but 28 families comprise only one to six genera. This synopsis represents a first step towards the aim of creating a global synthesis of the species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales integrating the work of numerous specialists around the world. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.45.45301 Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-122159 Journal Article Published Version Originally published at: Hernández-Ledesma, Patricia; Berendsohn, Walter G; Borsch, Thomas; Mering, Sabine Von; Akhani, Hossein; Arias, Salvador; Castañeda-Noa, Idelfonso; Eggli, Urs; Eriksson, Roger; Flores-Olvera, Hilda; Fuentes-Bazán, Susy; Kadereit, Gudrun; Klak, Cornelia; Korotkova, Nadja; Nyffeler, Reto; Ocampo, Gilberto; Ochoterena, Helga; Oxelman, Bengt; Rabeler, Richard K; Sanchez, Adriana; Schlumpberger, Boris O; Uotila, Pertti (2015). A taxonomic backbone for the global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales. Willdenowia, 45(3):281-383. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.45.45301 A taxonomic backbone for the global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales Author(s): Patricia Hernández-Ledesma, Walter G. Berendsohn, Thomas Borsch, Sabine Von Mering, Hossein Akhani, Salvador Arias, Idelfonso Castañeda-Noa, Urs Eggli, Roger Eriksson, Hilda Flores- Olvera, Susy Fuentes-Bazán, Gudrun Kadereit, Cornelia Klak, Nadja Korotkova, Reto Nyffeler, Gilberto Ocampo, Helga Ochoterena, Bengt Oxelman, Richard K. Rabeler Adriana Sanchez, Boris O. Schlumpberger & Pertti Uotila Source: Willdenowia, 45(3):281-383. Published By: Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin (BGBM) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3372/wi.45.45301 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.3372/wi.45.45301 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Willdenowia 45 – 2015 281 Patricia Hernández-Ledesma1,2, WaLter G. BerendsoHn1, Thomas BorscH1,3, saBine von merinG1, Hossein akHani4, saLvador arias5, ideLfonso castañeda-noa6, Urs Eggli7, ­RoGer eriksson8, HiLda Flores-Olvera9, Susy Fuentes-Bazán1, GUdrUn kadereit10, corneLia Klak11, nadja korotkova1,3, reto nyffeLer12, Gilberto ocamPo13, Helga ocHoterena9, BenGt oxeLman8, ricHard k. raBeLer14, adriana sancHez15, Boris o. schlumpberGer16 & Pertti UotiLa17 A taxonomic backbone for the global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales Abstract Hernández-Ledesma P., Berendsohn W. G., Borsch th., mering s. von, akhani H., arias s., castañeda-noa i., eggli U., eriksson r., flores-olvera H., fuentes-Bazán s., kadereit G., klak c., korotkova n., nyffeler r., ocampo G., ochoterena H., oxelman B., rabeler r. k., sanchez a., schlumpberger B. o. & Uotila P.: a taxonomic backbone for the global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales. – Willdenowia 45: 281 – 383. 2015. – version of record first published online on 11 september 2015 ahead of inclusion in december 2015 issue; issn 1868-6397; © 2015 BGBm Berlin. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3372/wi.45.45301 the Caryophyllales constitute a major lineage of flowering plants with approximately 12 500 species in 39 families. a taxonomic backbone at the genus level is provided that reflects the current state of knowledge and accepts 749 genera for the order. a detailed review of the literature of the past two decades shows that enormous progress has been made in understanding overall phylogenetic relationships in Caryophyllales. the process of re-circumscribing families in order to be monophyletic appears to be largely complete and has led to the recognition of eight new fami- lies (Anacampserotaceae, Kewaceae, Limeaceae, Lophiocarpaceae, Macarthuriaceae, Microteaceae, Montiaceae and Talinaceae), while the phylogenetic evaluation of generic concepts is still well underway. as a result of this, the number of genera has increased by more than ten percent in comparison to the last complete treatments in the “fami- lies and genera of vascular plants” series. a checklist with all currently accepted genus names in Caryophyllales, as well as nomenclatural references, type names and synonymy is presented. notes indicate how extensively the respec- tive genera have been studied in a phylogenetic context. the most diverse families at the generic level are Cactaceae and Aizoaceae, but 28 families comprise only one to six genera. this synopsis represents a first step towards the aim of creating a global synthesis of the species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales integrating the work of numerous specialists around the world. additional key words: flowering plants, Caryophyllales network, checklist, phylogeny, taxon concept, genus, World flora online, edit Platform for cybertaxonomy General e-mail address for correspondence: [email protected] 1 Botanic Garden and Botanical museum Berlin (BGBm), freie Universität Berlin, königin-Luise-str. 6 – 8, 14195 Berlin, Germany. 2 Current address: Laboratorio de Genética molecular y ecología evolutiva, facultad de ciencias naturales, Universidad autóno- ma de Querétaro, campus aeropuerto, Querétaro, Qto. 76140, mexico. 3 Institut für Biologie, systematische Botanik und Pflanzengeographie, freie Universität Berlin, altensteinstr. 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany. 4 Department of Plant sciences, school of Biology, college of science, University of tehran, P.o. Box 14155-6455, tehran, iran. 5 Jardín Botánico, instituto de Biología, Universidad nacional autónomo de méxico (UNAM), circuito exterior s.n., ciudad Universitaria, ap. postal 70-614, méxico d.f. 04510, mexico. 6 Jardín Botánico de villa clara, Universidad central “marta abreu” de Las villas, facultad de ciencias agropecuarias, carretera de camajuaní km 5½, santa clara, cuba. 7 Sukkulenten-sammlung zürich, mythenquai 88, cH-8002 zürich, switzerland. 8 Department of Biological and environmental sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, se-40530 Göteborg, sweden. 9 Departamento de Botánica, instituto de Biología, Universidad nacional autónoma de méxico (UNAM), circuito exterior s.n., ciudad Universitaria, ap. postal 70-614, méxico d.f. 04510, mexico. (addresses continued on next page) 282 Hernández-Ledesma & al.: a taxonomic backbone for Caryophyllales Introduction of: the instituto de Biología, Universidad nacional au- tónoma de méxico – UNAM (mexico); the instituto de Background Botánica darwinion (argentina); and the Botanic Gar- recent years have yielded a wealth of new informatics den and Botanical museum Berlin – BGBm (Germany). tools and infrastructures to facilitate working with taxo- the BGBm is committed to support the coordination of nomic data. searching and accessing the necessary lit- the initiative and will provide the biodiversity informat-
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  • Flora and Vegetation of the Mohawk Dunes, Arizona, Felger, Richard Stephen

    Flora and Vegetation of the Mohawk Dunes, Arizona, Felger, Richard Stephen

    FLORA AND VEGETATION OF THE MOHAWK DUNES, ARIZONA Richard Stephen Felger Dale Scott Turner Michael F. Wilson Drylands Institute The Nature Conservancy Drylands Institute 2509 North Campbell, #405 1510 E. Fort Lowell 2509 North Campbell, #405 Tucson, AZ 85719, U.S.A. Tucson, AZ 85719, U.S.A. Tucson, AZ 85719, U.S.A. [email protected] ABSTRACT One-hundred twenty-two species of seed plants, representing 95 genera and 35 families are docu- mented for the 7,700 ha Mohawk Dune Field and its immediate surroundings, located in Yuma County, Arizona, USA. Three major habitats were studied: dunes, adjacent sand flats, and playa. The dunes (including interdune swales) support 78 species, of which 13 do not occur on the adjacent non-dune habitats. The adjacent non-dune habitats (sand flats and playa) support 109 species, of which 43 were not found on the dunes. The total flora has 81 annual species, or 66% of the flora. The dune flora has 63 annual (ephemeral) species, or 81% of the flora—one of the highest percentages of annuals among any regional flora. Of these dune annuals, 53 species (84%) develop during the cool season. No plant taxon is endemic to the Mohawk region. There are 8 dune, or sand adapted, endemics— Cryptantha ganderi, Dimorphocarpa pinnatifida, Dicoria canescens, Ditaxis serrata, Pleuraphis rigida, Psorothamnus emoryi, Stephanomeria schottii, Tiquilia plicata—all of which are found on nearby dune systems. Two of them (C. ganderi and S. schottii) are of limited distribution, especially in the USA, and have G2 Global Heritage Status Rank. There are four non-native species in the dune flora (Brassica tournefortii, Mollugo cerviana, Sonchus asper, Schismus arabicus), but only Brassica and Schismus seem to pose serious threats to the dune ecosystem at this time.