DOCSLIB.ORG

THE BIOLOGY, ECOLOGY and CONSERVATION of Euphorbia Clivicola in the LIMPOPO PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
THE BIOLOGY, ECOLOGY and CONSERVATION of Euphorbia Clivicola in the LIMPOPO PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA THE BIOLOGY, ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF Euphorbia clivicola IN THE LIMPOPO PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA MASTER OF SCIENCE IN BOTANY S.I. CHUENE 2016 THE BIOLOGY, ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF Euphorbia clivicola IN THE LIMPOPO PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA BY SELOBA IGNITIUS CHUENE A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN BOTANY FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND AGRICULTURE, SCHOOL OF MOLECULAR AND LIFE SCIENCES, DEPARTMENT OF BIODIVERSITY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF LIMPOPO SUPERVISOR: PROF. M.J. POTGIETER CO-SUPERVISOR: MR. J.W. KRUGER (LEDET) 2016 LIMPOP OF O U TY NIVERSI Faculty of Science and Agriculture ABSTRACT The need to conduct a detailed biological and ecological study on Euphorbia clivicola was sparked by the drastic decline in the sizes of the Percy Fyfe Nature Reserve (Mokopane) and Radar Hill (Polokwane) populations, coupled with the discovery of two new populations; one in Dikgale and another in Makgeng village. The two newly (2012) discovered populations lacked scientific data necessary to develop an adaptive management plan. This study aimed to conduct a detailed biological and ecological assessment, in order to develop an informed management and monitoring plan for the four populations of E. clivicola. This study entailed a demographic investigation of all populations and an inter- population genetic diversity comparison so as to establish the relationship between all populations of E. clivicola. The abiotic and biotic interactions of E. clivicola were examined to determine the intrinsic and extrinsic factors causing the decline in the Percy Fyfe Nature Reserve and Radar Hill population sizes. Fire as one of the abiotic factors was observed to be beneficial to E. clivicola because it weakened their number one competitor, i.e., graminoids in populations with low or no grazing pressure. Fire also destroys refuge for rodents, which feed on the flowers of E. clivicola, as such, affecting reproduction success. An exponential growth was observed to be directly proportional to fire damage. The populations of Percy Fyfe Nature Reserve, Radar Hill, and Dikgale were found to be genetically compatible. The genetic homogeneity makes intra-population restocking possible. Anthropogenic induced fragmentation proved to be detrimental to Radar Hill and Makgeng populations of E. clivicola, by reducing the Area of Occupancy of the species and hindering seed dispersal. Propagules of E. clivicola are dispersed down a gradient by surface water run-off, and therefore; slope angle and aspect directs the expansion of the E. clivicola populations. Euphorbia clivicola plants (71%) were observed to prefer north-facing gentle slopes of < 11°. Grass cover of > 60% negatively affects the reproduction success of E. clivicola by obstructing pollinators’ access to flowers. ii DNA data from this study indicate that the Percy Fyfe Nature Reserve population can be re-stocked with genetically attuned individuals from Radar Hill and Dikgale populations of E. clivicola at suitable habitats to prevent extinction. The exclusion of herbivores from the Radar Hill population triggered a negative domino effect (increased grass cover, refuge for herbivores, and amplified the density between individuals), as such alternative management actions need to be adopted for the population of Percy Fyfe Nature Reserve. In order to halt the dramatic decline at Radar Hill population, an adaptive management plan that possesses three main focal points, which are; objectives, management, and monitoring is proposed. The population of Percy Fyfe Nature Reserve is so drastically reduced that it requires a more intensive approach; hence, a recovery plan is proposed. This plan takes into account the genetic similarity of three populations (Percy Fyfe Nature Reserve, Radar Hill and Dikgale), and model management and monitoring objectives to be more or less similar, so as to save time and resources. The three common components of monitoring the above mentioned populations are population size, canopy size, and density. iii DECLARATION I declare that the dissertation hereby submitted to the University of Limpopo for the degree of Master of Science has not previously been submitted by me for a degree at this or any other University, that it is my own work in design and in execution, and that all material contained herein has been duly acknowledged. ------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------------- Seloba Ignitius Chuene Date iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my supervisors, Prof MJ Potgieter and Mr JW Kruger for their excellent guidance and assistance that resulted in the successful completion of this study. The following people and institutions are thanked for their support and assistance: University of Limpopo, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Department of Biodiversity for facilities and logistics that assisted me in executing this research. University of Limpopo, School of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science, for facilities used in performing soil analysis. Department of Economic Development, Environment, and Tourism for financial support. Prof I Ncube, for valued guidance in executing the DNA analysis. Dr B Egan, for expert advice that added fluidity and sense to this project. Mr A Mapatha, Ms D Ngoasheng and Ms P Sema for assistance with field work. Mrs RL Ntsoane for assistance with the soil analysis experiments. I also thank the following special people in my life: My mother (Mariam Mananya Chuene) for her immeasurable support and encouragement. Lastly, to my girlfriend (Charity Ramaesela Ramushu) for her support, encouragement, love and understanding. v DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my late grandmother (Hedwig Raesetja Chuene), who taught me the art of hard work. “I know you wanted me to become a medical doctor, but I am one-step away from becoming a philosophical doctor” I hope you are proud of me “Ngoato’mosadi”. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………….. ii DECLARATION…………………………………………………………………………... iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS………………………………………………………………… v DEDICATION……………………………………………………………………………... vi TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………………………… vii LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………………………………………. xv LIST OF TABLES……………………………………………………………………….. xx CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION........................................................................ 1 1.1 South Africa’s biodiversity.................................................................. 1 1.2 Extinction............................................................................................ 1 1.3 Threatened plant species................................................................... 2 2 RESEARCH PROBLEM............................................................................... 2 2.1 Demographic status of Euphorbia clivicola........................................ 2 2.2 Problem statement............................................................................. 3 3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS ........................................................................... 4 4 LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................ 4 4.1 The importance of conservation......................................................... 4 4.2 Small population paradigm................................................................. 5 4.2.1 Meta-Population Dynamics..................................................... 5 4.2.2 Genetics.................................................................................. 7 4.3 Declining population paradigm........................................................... 7 4.3.1 Population biology and the effects of abiotic-biotic features. 9 4.3.2 Population ecology.................................................................. 11 vii 5 EUPHORBIACEAE....................................................................................... 12 5.1 Historical background......................................................................... 12 5.2 Euphorbia........................................................................................... 12 5.3 World Conservation Union classification............................................ 13 5.4 South African distribution................................................................... 13 5.5 Euphorbia clivicola............................................................................. 14 5.5.1 Morphological description....................................................... 14 5.5.2 Conservation status................................................................ 15 6 RATIONALE OF THE STUDY..................................................................... 16 7 GENERAL AIM AND OBJECTIVES............................................................ 17 7.1 Aim..................................................................................................... 17 7.2 Objectives.......................................................................................... 17 8 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY............................................. 19 9 DISSERTATION FORMAT AND LAYOUT.................................................. 19 CHAPTER 2: STUDY SITES 1 STUDY AREAS............................................................................................ 21 1.1 Percy Fyfe Nature Reserve............................................................... 22 1.1.1 Location.................................................................................. 22 1.1.2 Historical background............................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Role of Phytotoxic and Antimicrobial Compounds of Euphorbia Gummifera in the Cause and Maintenance of the Fairy Circles of Namibia
    The role of phytotoxic and antimicrobial compounds of Euphorbia gummifera in the cause and maintenance of the fairy circles of Namibia by Nicole Galt Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Magister Scientiae Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences University of Pretoria Pretoria Supervisor: Prof. J.J.M. Meyer March 2018 i The role of phytotoxic and antimicrobial compounds of Euphorbia gummifera in the cause and maintenance of the fairy circles of Namibia by Nicole Galt Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences University of Pretoria Pretoria Supervisor: Prof. J.J.M. Meyer Degree: MSc Medicinal Plant Science Abstract Fairy circles (FC) are unexplained botanical phenomena of the pro-Namib desert and parts of the West Coast of South Africa. They are defined as circular to oval shaped anomalies of varying sizes that are left bereft of vegetation. Even though there are several distinctly different hypotheses that have aimed to explain the origin of fairy circles, none have done so to satisfaction of the scientific community. The aim of this study was to determine if phytotoxic and antibacterial properties of a co-occurring Euphorbia species, E. gummifera plays a role in the creation of fairy circles. Representative soil samples (from inside-, outside fairy circles and underneath dead E. gummifera plants) and plant samples (aerial ii parts of E. gummifera and intact grasses, Stipagrostis uniplumis) were collected from the area. The collected samples were used for a several biological assays. A soil bed bio-assay was done using the three collected soil types.
    [Show full text]
  • Baja California, Mexico, and a Vegetation Map of Colonet Mesa Alan B
    Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 29 | Issue 1 Article 4 2011 Plants of the Colonet Region, Baja California, Mexico, and a Vegetation Map of Colonet Mesa Alan B. Harper Terra Peninsular, Coronado, California Sula Vanderplank Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont, California Mark Dodero Recon Environmental Inc., San Diego, California Sergio Mata Terra Peninsular, Coronado, California Jorge Ochoa Long Beach City College, Long Beach, California Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Biodiversity Commons, Botany Commons, and the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons Recommended Citation Harper, Alan B.; Vanderplank, Sula; Dodero, Mark; Mata, Sergio; and Ochoa, Jorge (2011) "Plants of the Colonet Region, Baja California, Mexico, and a Vegetation Map of Colonet Mesa," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 29: Iss. 1, Article 4. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol29/iss1/4 Aliso, 29(1), pp. 25–42 ’ 2011, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden PLANTS OF THE COLONET REGION, BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO, AND A VEGETATION MAPOF COLONET MESA ALAN B. HARPER,1 SULA VANDERPLANK,2 MARK DODERO,3 SERGIO MATA,1 AND JORGE OCHOA4 1Terra Peninsular, A.C., PMB 189003, Suite 88, Coronado, California 92178, USA ([email protected]); 2Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, 1500 North College Avenue, Claremont, California 91711, USA; 3Recon Environmental Inc., 1927 Fifth Avenue, San Diego, California 92101, USA; 4Long Beach City College, 1305 East Pacific Coast Highway, Long Beach, California 90806, USA ABSTRACT The Colonet region is located at the southern end of the California Floristic Province, in an area known to have the highest plant diversity in Baja California.
    [Show full text]
  • Connoisseurs' Cacti
    ThCe actus Explorer The first free on-line Journal for Cactus and Succulent Enthusiasts 1 Siccobaccatus 2 Morangaya pensilis Number 17 3 Espostoa in Tenerife ISSN 2048-0482 4 Barranco Rambla de Ruiz December 2016 5 Juab and Utah County The Cactus Explorer ISSN 2048-0482 Number 17 December2016 IN THIS EDITION Regular Features Articles Introduction 3 A naturalised population of News and Events 4 Espostoa melanostele on Tenerife 21 In the Glasshouse 9 Travel with the cactus expert (16) 25 Journal Roundup 14 Where lizards dare: an excursion to Barranco On-line Journals 15 Rambla de Ruiz (Tenerife) 29 The Love of Books 18 Juab and Utah County, Utah, throughout the Society Pages 51 year 2015 36 Plants and Seeds for Sale 55 A Happy Medium? Morangaya pensilis . 41 Books for Sale 62 Cover Picture: Siccobaccatus dolichospermaticus See page 9 The No.1 source for on-line information about cacti and succulents is http://www.cactus-mall.com The best on-line library of succulent literature can be found at: https://www.cactuspro.com/biblio/en:accueil Invitation to Contributors Please consider the Cactus Explorer as the place to publish your articles. We welcome contributions for any of the regular features or a longer article with pictures on any aspect of cacti and succulents. The editorial team is happy to help you with preparing your work. Please send your submissions as plain text in a ‘Word’ document together with jpeg or tiff images with the maximum resolution available. A major advantage of this on-line format is the possibility of publishing contributions quickly and any issue is never full! We aim to publish your article quickly and the copy deadline is just a few days before the publication date.
    [Show full text]
  • Total Phenolics and Flavonoids Content, Antioxidant Activity and GC/MS Analyses of Euphorbia Grandialata
    Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 7 (06), pp. 176-181, June, 2017 Available online at http://www.japsonline.com DOI: 10.7324/JAPS.2017.70625 ISSN 2231-3354 Total phenolics and flavonoids content, antioxidant activity and GC/MS analyses of Euphorbia grandialata Mona Ismaila, Asmaa I. Owisa, Mona Hettab, Rabab Mohammeda* aPharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62111, Egypt. bPharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, 63514, Egypt. ABSTRACT ARTICLE INFO Article history: Objective: This study has been designed to study phenolic and flavonoid contents quantitatively; screen Received on: 24/02/2017 antioxidant activity and investigate unsaponifiable and saponifiable matters of Euphorbia grandialata R. aerial Accepted on: 13/04/2017 parts. Available online: 30/06/2017 Methods: The phenolics and flavonoids content were assayed by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and aluminium chloride reagent respectively, while the anti-oxidant activity was done by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl Key words: (DPPH).GC/MS analysis was used to analyze unsaponifiable and saponifiable matters. Euphorbiaceae, phenolics, Results: Total phenolics result was calculated as (17.61 ± 1.2 μg gallic acid/g), total flavonoids as (4.495 ± 0.39 DPPH, GC/MS. μg rutin/g) and anti-oxidants activity as (140.6 % μg ascorbic acid/g). The identified compounds in unsaponifiable matter were hydrocarbons (51.1 %), steroids and triterpenes (35.92%). The saponifiable matter showed fourteen components from which six were identified as methyl esters of saturated fatty acids (46.26%) and eight as methyl esters of unsaturated fatty acids (53.74 %). Conclusion: Euphorbia grandialata could be considered as a valuable source of natural antioxidants.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecological Habitat Survey
    ECOLOGICAL HABITAT SURVEY Proposed Lephalale Railway Yard and Borrow Areas, Lephalale, Limpopo Province, South Africa Boscia albitrunca (Shepherd’s Tree) at the site. Photo: R.F. Terblanche. April 2019 COMPILED BY: Reinier F. Terblanche (M.Sc, Cum Laude; Pr.Sci.Nat, Reg. No. 400244/05) Ecological Habitat Survey: Lephalale Railway Yard April 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................... 7 2. STUDY AREA ............................................................................................. 8 3. METHODS ................................................................................................... 12 4. RESULTS .................................................................................................... 16 5. DISCUSSION ............................................................................................... 49 6. RISKS, IMPACTS AND MITIGATION ......................................................... 72 7. CONCLUSION ……..................................................................................... 86 8. REFERENCES …......................................................................................... 90 9. ANNEXURE 1: PLANT SPECIES LIST ...................................................... 97 Ecological Habitat Survey: Lephalale Railway Yard April 2019 Report prepared for: Naledzi Environmental Consultants Pty Ltd Postnet Library Gardens Suite 320 Private Bag X 9307 Polokwane 0700 South Africa Report prepared by: Reinier F.
    [Show full text]
  • The Botanic Gardens List of Rare and Threatened Species
    ^ JTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES JION INTERNATIONALE POUR LA CONSERVATION DE LA NATURE ET DE SES RESSOURCES Conservation Monitoring Centre - Centre de surveillance continue de la conservation de la nature The Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, U.K. BOTANIC GARDENS CONSERVATION CO-ORDINATING BODY THE BOTANIC GARDENS LIST OF RARE AND THREATENED SPECIES COMPILED BY THE THREATENED PLANTS UNIT OF THE lUCN CONSERVATION MONITORING CENTRE AT THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW FROM INFORMATION RECEIVED FROM MEMBERS OF THE BOTANIC GARDENS CONSERVATION CO-ORDINATING BODY lUCN would like to express its warmest thani<s to all the specialists, technical managers and curators who have contributed information. KEW, August 198^* Tel (011-940 1171 (Threatened Plants Unit), (01)-940 4547 (Protected Areas Data Unit) Telex 296694 lUCN Secretariat: 1196 Gland, Switzerland Tel (22) 647181 Telex 22618 UNION INTERNATIONALE POUR LA CONSERVATION DE LA NATURE ET DE SES RESSOURCES INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES Commission du service de sauvegarde - Survival Service Commission Comite des plantes menacees — Threatened Plants Committee c/o Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE BOTANIC GARDENS CONSERVATI6N CO-ORDINATING BODY REPORT NO. 2. THE BOTANIC GARDENS LIST OF MADAGASCAN SUCCULENTS 1980 FIRST DRAFT COMPILED BY THE lUCN THREATENED PLANTS COMMITTEE SECRETARIAT AT THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW FROM INFORMATION RECEIVED FROM MEMBERS OF THE BOTANIC GARDENS CONSERVATION CO-ORDINATING BODY The TPC would like to express its warmest thanks to all the specialists, technical managers and curators who have contributed information. KEW, October, 1980 lUCN SECRETARIAT; Avenue du Mont-Blanc 1196 Gland -Suisse/Switzerland Telex: 22618 iucn Tel: (022) 64 32 54 Telegrams: lUCNATURE GLAND .
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Pesticidal Properties of Euphorbia Tirucalli L. (Euphorbiaceae) Against Selected Pests
    Evaluation of Pesticidal Properties of Euphorbia tirucalli L. (Euphorbiaceae) against Selected Pests Mwine Tedson Julius Promoter: Prof. Dr. ir. Patrick Van Damme Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Plant Production, Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture and Ethnobotany [email protected] Chairman of the jury: Prof. Dr. Bernard DeBaets, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Applied Mathematics, Biometrics and Process Control, University of Gent, Coupure links 653, Gent, [email protected] Members of the jury: Prof. Dr. ir. De Clercq, Patrick, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Plant Protection, University of Gent, Coupure links 653, Gent, [email protected] Prof. Dr. Kiseka, Joseph, D/Vice chancellor, Uganda Martyrs University, P. O. Box 5498, Kampala, [email protected] Prof., Dr. Papenbrock, Jutta, Institute of Botany, University of Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany, [email protected] Prof. Dr. ir Steurbaut, Walter, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Plant Protection, University of Gent, Coupure links 653, Gent, [email protected] Prof. Dr. ir. Van Damme, Patrick, promoter, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Plant Production, Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Agronomy and Ethnobotany, Coupure Links 653, B- 9000 Gent, [email protected] Dean: Prof. Dr. ir. Guido Van Huylenbroeck Rector: Prof. Dr. Paul Van Cauwenberge JULIUS TEDSON MWINE EVALUATION OF PESTICIDAL PROPERTIES OF EUPHORBIA TIRUCALLI L. (EUPHORBIACEAE) AGAINST SELECTED PESTS Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor (Ph.D.) in Applied Biological Sciences Dutch translation: EVALUATIE VAN PESTICIDE-EIGENSCHAPPEN VAN EUPHORBIA TIRUCALLI L. (EUPHORBIACEAE) OP GESELECTEERDE PLAGEN Front and back cover photographs by Julius Mwine Front cover photo: Euphorbia tirucalli young pencil-like branches Back cover photo: Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) plants treated (R) and untreated (L) with E.
    [Show full text]
  • Erzincan, 2015
    Erzincan, 2015 I ABSTRACTS INVITED LECTURERS IL - 1. GENERATIONS @ WORK __________________________________________________________ 8 IL - 2. NANOMATERIALS IN COSMETICS ____________________________________________________ 9 IL - 3. FEATURE-BASED 3D PHARMACOPHORE MODELS: EFFICIENT MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY DECISION SUPPORT TOOLS ________________________________________________________________ 10 IL - 4. COLLOIDAL CARRIERS AT BIOLOGICAL BARRIERS: CHALLENGES AND NEW CONCEPTS FOR DERMAL AND PULMONARY APPLICATION ___________________________________________________ 11 IL - 5. “HOW A MOLECULE CAN BE CALLED AS A MEDICINAL PRODUCT”: REGISTRATION PROCEDURES IN TURKEY _______________________________________________________________________ 12 IL - 6. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES IN PHARMACEUTICAL SECTOR FROM AN ACADEMICIAN POINT OF VIEW ________________________________________________________________ 13 IL - 7. TOXİCİTY OF MYCOTOXİNS _______________________________________________________ 14 IL - 8. NEW HORIZONS IN NANOTHERAPEUTICS: NANOTUBES, QUANTUM DOTS, LIPID BASED CARRIERS, NANOVAULTS, NANOBOATS ______________________________________________________ 15 IL - 9. APPLICATION OF NEW NANO-BASED ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SPECTROSCOPIC SENSORS IN PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS ______________________________________________________ 17 IL - 10. ACTUAL ASPECTS OF THE GLOBAL MARKET OF MEDICAL COSMETICS ______________________ 19 IL - 11. TOXICITY OF DRUG _________________________________ HATA! YER İŞARETİ TANIMLANMAMIŞ. ORAL PRESENTATIONS OP - 1. QUALITY CONTROL OF
    [Show full text]
  • Flowering Plants of Africa
    Flowering Plants of Africa A peer-reviewed journal containing colour plates with descriptions of flowering plants of Africa and neighbouring islands Edited by Alicia Grobler with assistance of Gillian Condy Volume 64 Pretoria 2015 Editorial board R.R. Klopper South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, RSA P.C. Zietsman National Museum, Bloemfontein, RSA Referees and other co-workers on this volume C. Archer, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, RSA R.H. Archer, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, RSA K. Balkwill, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, RSA D. Baum, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA S.P. Bester, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, RSA P.V. Bruyns, Bolus Herbarium, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, RSA I.A. Darbyshire, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK A.P. Dold, Selmar Schonland Herbarium, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, RSA C. Geldenhuys, Northern Cape Department of Environment and Nature Conservation, Springbok, RSA L. Geldenhuys, Northern Cape Department of Environment and Nature Conservation, Springbok, RSA D. Goyder, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK P.P.J. Herman, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, RSA P. Hernández Ledesma, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Santiago de Querétaro, Mexico E.S. Klaassen, National Herbarium of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia R.R. Klopper, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, RSA M. Koekemoer, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, RSA J.C. Manning, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, RSA L. McDade, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont, USA J.J. Meyer, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, RSA T.H.C. Mostert, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, RSA R.T. Nyenya, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway E.G.H.
    [Show full text]
  • Isolation and Characterisation of Bioactive Compounds from Antidesma Venosum E.Mey
    Isolation and characterisation of bioactive compounds from Antidesma venosum E.Mey. ex Tul. and Euphorbia cooperi N.E.Br. ex A.Berger Theses submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree Master of Science By Sbonelo Sanele Hlengwa School of Chemistry and Physics University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg Supervisor: Professor Fanie R. van Heerden November 2018 i | P a g e Abstract The need for the discovery of new pharmacologically active compounds is a global priority as new diseases and drug resistance mechanisms are emerging and spreading throughout the world. In the past natural products have played an important role in drug discovery. Plant- derived natural products are important in the discovery of new drugs for treatment of infectious diseases and cancer. Many biologically active compounds with diverse structures have been isolated from the Euphorbiaceae family. In South Africa, Euphorbiaceae is the largest flowering plant family and some species within the family have not been investigated for unique secondary metabolites. However, many species have not been researched. This project aimed to identify bioactive compounds in South Africa Euphorbiaceae species. Two species within the Euphorbiaceae family, Euphorbia cooperi N.E.Br. ex A.Berger and Antidesma venosum E.Mey. ex Tul. were selected for investigation. The crude extracts were fractionated using column chromatography and centrifugal thin-layer chromatography to yield single compounds. A mixture of hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol were used as eluting solvents. The structures of the compounds isolated were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR experiments (1H, 13C NMR, DEPT- 135, COSY, HSQC, HMBC and NOESY).
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny, Biogeography, and Breeding System Evolution in Moraceae Qian Zhang
    Phylogeny, biogeography, and breeding system evolution in Moraceae Qian Zhang To cite this version: Qian Zhang. Phylogeny, biogeography, and breeding system evolution in Moraceae. Plant breeding. Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), 2019. English. NNT : 2019SACLS205. tel-02268575 HAL Id: tel-02268575 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02268575 Submitted on 21 Aug 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Phylogeny, biogeography, and breeding system evolution in Moraceae 2019SACLS205 : Thèse de doctorat de l'Université Paris-Saclay NNT préparée à l’Université Paris-Sud ED n°567 Sciences du végétal : du gène à l’écosystème Spécialité de doctorat : Biologie Thèse présentée et soutenue à Orsay, le 16/07/2019, par Qian Zhang Composition du Jury : Tatiana Giraud Directrice de Recherche, CNRS (ESE) Pr é sident e Mathilde Dufaÿ Professeur, Université de Montpellier (CEFE) Rapporteur Jean-Yves Rasplus Directeur de Recherche, INRA (CBGP) Rapporteur Florian Jabbour Maître de Conférences, Muséum national d’Histoire Examinateur naturelle (ISYEB) Jos Käfer Chargé de Recherche, Université Lyon I (ESE) Examinateur Hervé Sauquet Maître de Conférences, Université Paris-Sud (ESE) Directeur de thèse ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisors Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetics and the Evolution of Major Structural.Pdf
    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 63 (2012) 305–326 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Phylogenetics and the evolution of major structural characters in the giant genus Euphorbia L. (Euphorbiaceae) James W. Horn a, Benjamin W. van Ee b, Jeffery J. Morawetz c, Ricarda Riina d,e, Victor W. Steinmann f, ⇑ Paul E. Berry d, Kenneth J. Wurdack a, a Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution, NMNH MRC-166, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA b Black Hills State University Herbarium, 1200 University St., Spearfish, SD 57799, USA c Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, 1500 North College Ave., Claremont, CA 91711-3157, USA d Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and University of Michigan Herbarium, 3600 Varsity Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48108-2287, USA e Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain f Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Centro Regional del Bajío, A.P. 386, 61600 Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, Mexico article info abstract Article history: Euphorbia is among the largest genera of angiosperms, with about 2000 species that are renowned for Received 13 July 2011 their remarkably diverse growth forms. To clarify phylogenetic relationships in the genus, we used max- Revised 17 November 2011 imum likelihood, Bayesian, and parsimony analyses of DNA sequence data from 10 markers representing Accepted 28 December 2011 all three plant genomes, averaging more than 16 kbp for each accession. Taxon sampling included 176 Available online 21 January 2012 representatives from Euphorbioideae (including 161 of Euphorbia). Analyses of these data robustly resolve a backbone topology of four major, subgeneric clades—Esula, Rhizanthium, Euphorbia, and Cha- Keywords: maesyce—that are successively sister lineages.
    [Show full text]