DOCSLIB.ORG

South American Cacti in Time and Space: Studies on the Diversification of the Tribe Cereeae, with Particular Focus on Subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
South American Cacti in Time and Space: Studies on the Diversification of the Tribe Cereeae, with Particular Focus on Subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae) Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2013 South American Cacti in time and space: studies on the diversification of the tribe Cereeae, with particular focus on subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae) Lendel, Anita Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-93287 Dissertation Published Version Originally published at: Lendel, Anita. South American Cacti in time and space: studies on the diversification of the tribe Cereeae, with particular focus on subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae). 2013, University of Zurich, Faculty of Science. South American Cacti in Time and Space: Studies on the Diversification of the Tribe Cereeae, with Particular Focus on Subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae) _________________________________________________________________________________ Dissertation zur Erlangung der naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorwürde (Dr.sc.nat.) vorgelegt der Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Zürich von Anita Lendel aus Kroatien Promotionskomitee: Prof. Dr. H. Peter Linder (Vorsitz) PD. Dr. Reto Nyffeler Prof. Dr. Elena Conti Zürich, 2013 Table of Contents Acknowledgments 1 Introduction 3 Chapter 1. Phylogenetics and taxonomy of the tribe Cereeae s.l., with particular focus 15 on the subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae – Cactoideae) Chapter 2. Floral evolution in the South American tribe Cereeae s.l. (Cactaceae: 53 Cactoideae): Pollination syndromes in a comparative phylogenetic context Chapter 3. Contemporaneous and recent radiations of the world’s major succulent 86 plant lineages Chapter 4. Tackling the molecular dating paradox: underestimated pitfalls and best 121 strategies when fossils are scarce Outlook and Future Research 207 Curriculum Vitae 209 Summary 211 Zusammenfassung 213 Acknowledgments I really believe that no one can go through the process of doing a PhD and come out without being changed at a very profound level. Not necessarily because of the PhD itself but because of the surroundings, circumstances, pressure, doubts, questioning and reflections one experiences during that process. The same stands for me. Being away from home for the very first time I learned a lot; about the world but mostly about myself. I’ve visited beautiful places, met some extraordinary people, widened my personal limits and found the strength I never knew I had in me. And none of this would be possible without many people that deserve to be mentioned here. One person that stands out is Merran Matthews who was a constant perpetuator for me during this process. She found most unorthodox ways to encourage me and “keep me in the game” for which I stay deeply grateful to her. Aelys Humphreys was there for me to discuss within deepest details various thematic overwhelming me at the time – from family values to simplifying approaches I took in a particular project. I profited a lot from conversations with her and thank her for that. Certainly this PhD would never see the light of the day without being supervised by experienced and competent people like Reto Nyffeler, Peter Linder and Urs Eggli. I thank Reto for taking me along this journey and not giving up on me, Peter for supporting this project and me as a person and Urs for generously sharing his knowledge on cacti. Alexandre Antonelli was a “distant player” who would occasionally, still just when needed, bring in an idea or put things into perspective - and that would fuel me to keep on going. Elena Conti was always happy to share her experiences, connected either to science or family issues and I thank her for that. Expert in a floral morphology and with a profound knowledge of angiosperm fossils, Peter Endress was always happy to share his knowledge and together with Merran has provided multiple occasions for me to work on their projects, helping me to stay in Switzerland, financially sustain my thesis and learn valuable techniques, that in many days felt like much needed meditation. Niklaus Müller was always happy to help when my limited knowledge in informatics did not allowed me to continue and I have a feeling that Alex Bernhard was more than amused with my questions on Adobe Illustrator. Dirk Karger is thanked for translating thesis summary to German. I was lucky enough to discuss methods, techniques and approaches with people that I got to know in the Institute of Systematic Botany: Timo Van der Niet, Jurriaan de Vos, Chloé Galley and Mike Pirie are thanked for their patience while willing to teach and help me with stubborn programs - in many occasions. Marlon Machado was the person who opened up the world of cacti to me. By taking me to meetings of the cactus and succulent societies he made me discover how many people are passionate by this group of plants. It made a great impression on me to see and to meet in person members of the public, non-scientists who actually read our papers and base their knowledge about cacti on our findings – a kind of last stop in a world of science, but unfortunately a stop that many scientists never manage to meet or somehow forget exists. Cyril Guibert was kind enough to travel with me to 1 California and I thank him for taking the wheel through Los Angeles. I shared in many occasions the load of being a PhD student with Cécile Allanic, Ljiljana Krstin, Lukas Taxböck, Catarina Rydin, Jason Grant and Claire Arnold, and I thank them for listening and encouraging me to continue. Coming to work seemed somehow easier knowing that Gabriele Salvo, Julien Bachelier and Serge Haemmerli will be working next to me and depending on the need will be ready to help, share, or laugh with me. With many of the above mentioned people I shared more than only work - together we partied, laughed and cried. With some of them I stayed in contact, with others less, but regardless I consider them to be my dearest friends, with whom I shared a part of my life and if and whenever our life paths cross again they will never be strangers for me. And last but not the least the people without whom this PhD would never be completed, and to whom I am indebt the most, are my family. Thank you Pascal for supporting me on this long and painful journey. Thank you Isabelle for being my daughter. My parents, Marica and Mijo together with my brother Dragan Lenđel were more than great in believing in me and giving me opportunities to work by taking care of Isabelle. For this task also many neighbors and friends jumped in and for it I thank Vania Widmer, Jacques Rueger, Chloé Tornay, Andreas Sonderegger, Caroline Barras, and Isabelle Chablais. Family Burkitt is thanked for providing a cosy place to stay at, during the days (nights) before submitting the thesis. 2 Introduction Cacti are among the most conspicuous and characteristic plants of arid and semiarid areas in the New World. The family Cactaceae is remarkable for its great diversity of specialized growth form characteristics, floral morphology, and pollination syndromes. The scientific study of Cactaceae, consisting of about 130 genera and 1850 species (Nyffeler and Eggli 2010b) has long been neglected, in spite of many fascinating aspects concerning their evolutionary biology. Even though there are numerous cactus books dedicated to amateurs, the number of detailed taxonomic studies of genera and species groups are very limited (e.g. Leuenberger 1986, Taylor 1991, Zappi 1994, Leuenberger 1997, Nyffeler 1998). The number of names, in most cases not adequately typified, exceeds more than 10 times the number of supposedly „acceptable“ entities and makes the work for monographs very cumbersome (e.g., Hunt 1991). During the past, a wide range of contrasting conceptions took turns, either preferring a more conservative and lumper’s approach or arguing for a splitters approach. This fact can be explained by the difficulties to arrive at a sound biological classification system by using morphological characters. Furthermore, a lack of thorough phylogenetic studies prevented so far to resolve controversial opinions on relationships and classification. Overall, a small number of molecular phylogenetic studies have been devoted to Cactaceae up to now, resolving phylogenetic relationships between cacti and its closest relatives (Nyffeler 2007, Nyffeler and Eggli 2010a), among major clades within the cactus family (Nyffeler 2002, Ocampo and Columbus 2010, Bárcenas, et al. 2011, Hernández- Hernández, et al. 2011), at the base of the cactus phylogeny (Butterworth and Wallace 2005, Edwards, et al. 2005, Butterworth and Edwards 2008), as well as among various suprageneric and generic groups of Cactoideae and Opuntioideae (e.g., Demaio, et al. 2011, Mosti, et al. 2011, Schlumpberger and Renner 2012). The typical cactus growth form, characterized by the absence of leaves, stems that stay green and photosynthetically active for several seasons, spine clusters associated with side branches, and a reduced branching pattern is also found in other, unrelated groups of eudicot plant families (i.e., Apocynaceae, Euphorbiaceae). It represents one of the classical textbook example for “convergent evolution” for adaption to a prominent ecological factor (i.e., temporal aridity; Niklas 1997, Futuyma 1998). The traditional idea put forward by Buxbaum (1956) in his „law of the abbreviation of the vegetative phase” is that there is a general „trend“ in cactus evolution leading from branched, arborescent-columnar forms to unbranched, solitary, globular types (e.g. Buchheim 1964, Cullman, et al. 1984, see Nyffeler and Eggli 2010b). This idea concerning cactus evolution (Fig.1) and relationships is still widely prevailing and is reflected in current classification systems ( e.g. Buchmann 1964, Cullmann, et al. 1984) . 3 Figure 1. Schema of the prevailing concept on cactus evolution, showing reduction of the vegetative phase. However, recent molecular systematic analyses (e.g., Fig. 2; Hernández-Hernández, et al. 2011, Schlumpberger and Renner 2012) documented evidence that these ideas concerning the pattern of growth form evolution in cacti need to be revised (see also Griffith 2004a, Griffith 2004b).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Southwest Guangdong, 28 April to 7 May 1998
    Report of Rapid Biodiversity Assessments at Qixingkeng Nature Reserve, Southwest Guangdong, 29 April to 1 May and 24 November to 1 December, 1998 Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden in collaboration with Guangdong Provincial Forestry Department South China Institute of Botany South China Agricultural University South China Normal University Xinyang Teachers’ College January 2002 South China Biodiversity Survey Report Series: No. 4 (Online Simplified Version) Report of Rapid Biodiversity Assessments at Qixingkeng Nature Reserve, Southwest Guangdong, 29 April to 1 May and 24 November to 1 December, 1998 Editors John R. Fellowes, Michael W.N. Lau, Billy C.H. Hau, Ng Sai-Chit and Bosco P.L. Chan Contributors Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden: Bosco P.L. Chan (BC) Lawrence K.C. Chau (LC) John R. Fellowes (JRF) Billy C.H. Hau (BH) Michael W.N. Lau (ML) Lee Kwok Shing (LKS) Ng Sai-Chit (NSC) Graham T. Reels (GTR) Gloria L.P. Siu (GS) South China Institute of Botany: Chen Binghui (CBH) Deng Yunfei (DYF) Wang Ruijiang (WRJ) South China Agricultural University: Xiao Mianyuan (XMY) South China Normal University: Chen Xianglin (CXL) Li Zhenchang (LZC) Xinyang Teachers’ College: Li Hongjing (LHJ) Voluntary consultants: Guillaume de Rougemont (GDR) Keith Wilson (KW) Background The present report details the findings of two field trips in Southwest Guangdong by members of Kadoorie Farm & Botanic Garden (KFBG) in Hong Kong and their colleagues, as part of KFBG's South China Biodiversity Conservation Programme. The overall aim of the programme is to minimise the loss of forest biodiversity in the region, and the emphasis in the first three years is on gathering up-to-date information on the distribution and status of fauna and flora.
    [Show full text]
  • Australia Lacks Stem Succulents but Is It Depauperate in Plants With
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Australia lacks stem succulents but is it depauperate in plants with crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM)? 1,2 3 3 Joseph AM Holtum , Lillian P Hancock , Erika J Edwards , 4 5 6 Michael D Crisp , Darren M Crayn , Rowan Sage and 2 Klaus Winter In the flora of Australia, the driest vegetated continent, [1,2,3]. Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), a water- crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), the most water-use use efficient form of photosynthesis typically associated efficient form of photosynthesis, is documented in only 0.6% of with leaf and stem succulence, also appears poorly repre- native species. Most are epiphytes and only seven terrestrial. sented in Australia. If 6% of vascular plants worldwide However, much of Australia is unsurveyed, and carbon isotope exhibit CAM [4], Australia should host 1300 CAM signature, commonly used to assess photosynthetic pathway species [5]. At present CAM has been documented in diversity, does not distinguish between plants with low-levels of only 120 named species (Table 1). Most are epiphytes, a CAM and C3 plants. We provide the first census of CAM for the mere seven are terrestrial. Australian flora and suggest that the real frequency of CAM in the flora is double that currently known, with the number of Ellenberg [2] suggested that rainfall in arid Australia is too terrestrial CAM species probably 10-fold greater. Still unpredictable to support the massive water-storing suc- unresolved is the question why the large stem-succulent life — culent life-form found amongst cacti, agaves and form is absent from the native Australian flora even though euphorbs.
    [Show full text]
  • December 2012 Number 1
    Calochortiana December 2012 Number 1 December 2012 Number 1 CONTENTS Proceedings of the Fifth South- western Rare and Endangered Plant Conference Calochortiana, a new publication of the Utah Native Plant Society . 3 The Fifth Southwestern Rare and En- dangered Plant Conference, Salt Lake City, Utah, March 2009 . 3 Abstracts of presentations and posters not submitted for the proceedings . 4 Southwestern cienegas: Rare habitats for endangered wetland plants. Robert Sivinski . 17 A new look at ranking plant rarity for conservation purposes, with an em- phasis on the flora of the American Southwest. John R. Spence . 25 The contribution of Cedar Breaks Na- tional Monument to the conservation of vascular plant diversity in Utah. Walter Fertig and Douglas N. Rey- nolds . 35 Studying the seed bank dynamics of rare plants. Susan Meyer . 46 East meets west: Rare desert Alliums in Arizona. John L. Anderson . 56 Calochortus nuttallii (Sego lily), Spatial patterns of endemic plant spe- state flower of Utah. By Kaye cies of the Colorado Plateau. Crystal Thorne. Krause . 63 Continued on page 2 Copyright 2012 Utah Native Plant Society. All Rights Reserved. Utah Native Plant Society Utah Native Plant Society, PO Box 520041, Salt Lake Copyright 2012 Utah Native Plant Society. All Rights City, Utah, 84152-0041. www.unps.org Reserved. Calochortiana is a publication of the Utah Native Plant Society, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organi- Editor: Walter Fertig ([email protected]), zation dedicated to conserving and promoting steward- Editorial Committee: Walter Fertig, Mindy Wheeler, ship of our native plants. Leila Shultz, and Susan Meyer CONTENTS, continued Biogeography of rare plants of the Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of Angiosperm Pollen. 7. Nitrogen-Fixing Clade1
    Evolution of Angiosperm Pollen. 7. Nitrogen-Fixing Clade1 Authors: Jiang, Wei, He, Hua-Jie, Lu, Lu, Burgess, Kevin S., Wang, Hong, et. al. Source: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 104(2) : 171-229 Published By: Missouri Botanical Garden Press URL: https://doi.org/10.3417/2019337 BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Complete website, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/terms-of-use. Usage of BioOne Complete content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non - commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Annals-of-the-Missouri-Botanical-Garden on 01 Apr 2020 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use Access provided by Kunming Institute of Botany, CAS Volume 104 Annals Number 2 of the R 2019 Missouri Botanical Garden EVOLUTION OF ANGIOSPERM Wei Jiang,2,3,7 Hua-Jie He,4,7 Lu Lu,2,5 POLLEN. 7. NITROGEN-FIXING Kevin S. Burgess,6 Hong Wang,2* and 2,4 CLADE1 De-Zhu Li * ABSTRACT Nitrogen-fixing symbiosis in root nodules is known in only 10 families, which are distributed among a clade of four orders and delimited as the nitrogen-fixing clade.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Florida Thesis Or Dissertation Formatting
    SYSTEMATICS OF TRIBE TRICHOCEREEAE AND POPULATION GENETICS OF Haageocereus (CACTACEAE) By MÓNICA ARAKAKI MAKISHI A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2008 1 © 2008 Mónica Arakaki Makishi 2 To my parents, Bunzo and Cristina, and to my sisters and brother. 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I want to express my deepest appreciation to my advisors, Douglas Soltis and Pamela Soltis, for their consistent support, encouragement and generosity of time. I would also like to thank Norris Williams and Michael Miyamoto, members of my committee, for their guidance, good disposition and positive feedback. Special thanks go to Carlos Ostolaza and Fátima Cáceres, for sharing their knowledge on Peruvian Cactaceae, and for providing essential plant material, confirmation of identifications, and their detailed observations of cacti in the field. I am indebted to the many individuals that have directly or indirectly supported me during the fieldwork: Carlos Ostolaza, Fátima Cáceres, Asunción Cano, Blanca León, José Roque, María La Torre, Richard Aguilar, Nestor Cieza, Olivier Klopfenstein, Martha Vargas, Natalia Calderón, Freddy Peláez, Yammil Ramírez, Eric Rodríguez, Percy Sandoval, and Kenneth Young (Peru); Stephan Beck, Noemí Quispe, Lorena Rey, Rosa Meneses, Alejandro Apaza, Esther Valenzuela, Mónica Zeballos, Freddy Centeno, Alfredo Fuentes, and Ramiro Lopez (Bolivia); María E. Ramírez, Mélica Muñoz, and Raquel Pinto (Chile). I thank the curators and staff of the herbaria B, F, FLAS, LPB, MO, USM, U, TEX, UNSA and ZSS, who kindly loaned specimens or made information available through electronic means. Thanks to Carlos Ostolaza for providing seeds of Haageocereus tenuis, to Graham Charles for seeds of Blossfeldia sucrensis and Acanthocalycium spiniflorum, to Donald Henne for specimens of Haageocereus lanugispinus; and to Bernard Hauser and Kent Vliet for aid with microscopy.
    [Show full text]
  • Dry Forest Trees of Madagascar
    The Red List of Dry Forest Trees of Madagascar Emily Beech, Malin Rivers, Sylvie Andriambololonera, Faranirina Lantoarisoa, Helene Ralimanana, Solofo Rakotoarisoa, Aro Vonjy Ramarosandratana, Megan Barstow, Katharine Davies, Ryan Hills, Kate Marfleet & Vololoniaina Jeannoda Published by Botanic Gardens Conservation International Descanso House, 199 Kew Road, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3BW, UK. © 2020 Botanic Gardens Conservation International ISBN-10: 978-1-905164-75-2 ISBN-13: 978-1-905164-75-2 Reproduction of any part of the publication for educational, conservation and other non-profit purposes is authorized without prior permission from the copyright holder, provided that the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission from the copyright holder. Recommended citation: Beech, E., Rivers, M., Andriambololonera, S., Lantoarisoa, F., Ralimanana, H., Rakotoarisoa, S., Ramarosandratana, A.V., Barstow, M., Davies, K., Hills, BOTANIC GARDENS CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL (BGCI) R., Marfleet, K. and Jeannoda, V. (2020). Red List of is the world’s largest plant conservation network, comprising more than Dry Forest Trees of Madagascar. BGCI. Richmond, UK. 500 botanic gardens in over 100 countries, and provides the secretariat to AUTHORS the IUCN/SSC Global Tree Specialist Group. BGCI was established in 1987 Sylvie Andriambololonera and and is a registered charity with offices in the UK, US, China and Kenya. Faranirina Lantoarisoa: Missouri Botanical Garden Madagascar Program Helene Ralimanana and Solofo Rakotoarisoa: Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre Aro Vonjy Ramarosandratana: University of Antananarivo (Plant Biology and Ecology Department) THE IUCN/SSC GLOBAL TREE SPECIALIST GROUP (GTSG) forms part of the Species Survival Commission’s network of over 7,000 Emily Beech, Megan Barstow, Katharine Davies, Ryan Hills, Kate Marfleet and Malin Rivers: BGCI volunteers working to stop the loss of plants, animals and their habitats.
    [Show full text]
  • Les Didiereaceae: Origine, Affinites Sustematiques Et Repartition a Madagascar
    Biogéographie de Madagascar, 1996 : 183-186 LES DIDIEREACEAE: ORIGINE, AFFINITES SUSTEMATIQUES ET REPARTITION A MADAGASCAR Lala H. RAKOTOVAO Charlotte RAJERIARISON & RAMAVOLOLONA Centre National de Recherches sur l’Environnement,B.P 1739 - 1O1 Antananarivo, MADAGASCAR Dt5partement de Biologie et Ecologie Végétales, Faculté des Sciences , B.P 906, Antananarivo 101, MADAGASCAR ABSTRACT.- Didieraceae comprise one of six endemic families present in Madagascar. The four genera and 11 species in this family have specific ecological preferences,and their systematic afFrnities have been problematical. Palynological and chemical systematic studies support the placement of the family amongthe Centrosperms. KEY-W0RDS.- Didieraceae, Origin,fini@, Endemic, Madagascar RESUME.- Les Didiereaceae, famille endémique malgache, présente une localisation géographique bien précise dont l’explication est encore discutée. Les4 genres et 11 espèces qui la composent ont des exigencesécologiques particulières (condifions édaphiques, précipitations) leurset affinités systématiques ont poséde nombreux problèmes aux systématiciens. L’étude palynologique et le développementde la chimiosystématique,ont permis de situer la familledans l’ordre des Centrospermales. MOTS‘ CLES.-Didiereaceae, Origine,finité, Endémique, Madagascar INTRODUCTION Les Didiereaceae constituent l’une des6 familles endémiques de Madagascar. Elles comportent 11 espèces réparties à l’intérieur de4 genres : - Didierea madaguscariensis Baill., D. trollii Capuron et Rauh. - Alluaudia ascendens Drake, A. proceraDrake, A. humberti Choux, A. dumosa Drake, A. comosa Drake, A. montagnacii Rauh. - Alluaudiopsis marnieriana Rauh, A.Jiherenensis Humbert & Choux. - Decaryia madaguscariensis Choux. La famille présente uneunité structurale dansla morphologie des différentes espèces (KOECHLIN et al., 1974). Ce sont toutes des plantes épineuses (Alluaudia dumosa est la moins épineuse de toutes), caractérisées parla présence de rameaux longs et derameaux courts et fortement adaptées à la sécheresse.
    [Show full text]
  • CRASSULACEAE 景天科 Jing Tian Ke Fu Kunjun (傅坤俊 Fu Kun-Tsun)1; Hideaki Ohba 2 Herbs, Subshrubs, Or Shrubs
    Flora of China 8: 202–268. 2001. CRASSULACEAE 景天科 jing tian ke Fu Kunjun (傅坤俊 Fu Kun-tsun)1; Hideaki Ohba 2 Herbs, subshrubs, or shrubs. Stems mostly fleshy. Leaves alternate, opposite, or verticillate, usually simple; stipules absent; leaf blade entire or slightly incised, rarely lobed or imparipinnate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, cymose, corymbiform, spiculate, racemose, paniculate, or sometimes reduced to a solitary flower. Flowers usually bisexual, sometimes unisexual in Rhodiola (when plants dioecious or rarely gynodioecious), actinomorphic, (3 or)4– 6(–30)-merous. Sepals almost free or basally connate, persistent. Petals free or connate. Stamens as many as petals in 1 series or 2 × as many in 2 series. Nectar scales at or near base of carpels. Follicles sometimes fewer than sepals, free or basally connate, erect or spreading, membranous or leathery, 1- to many seeded. Seeds small; endosperm scanty or not developed. About 35 genera and over 1500 species: Africa, America, Asia, Europe; 13 genera (two endemic, one introduced) and 233 species (129 endemic, one introduced) in China. Some species of Crassulaceae are cultivated as ornamentals and/or used medicinally. Fu Shu-hsia & Fu Kun-tsun. 1984. Crassulaceae. In: Fu Shu-hsia & Fu Kun-tsun, eds., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 34(1): 31–220. 1a. Stamens in 1 series, usually as many as petals; flowers always bisexual. 2a. Leaves always opposite, joined to form a basal sheath; inflorescences axillary, often shorter than subtending leaf; plants not developing enlarged rootstock ................................................................ 1. Tillaea 2b. Leaves alternate, occasionally opposite proximally; inflorescence terminal, often very large; plants sometimes developing enlarged, perennial rootstock.
    [Show full text]
  • Plethora of Plants - Collections of the Botanical Garden, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb (2): Glasshouse Succulents
    NAT. CROAT. VOL. 27 No 2 407-420* ZAGREB December 31, 2018 professional paper/stručni članak – museum collections/muzejske zbirke DOI 10.20302/NC.2018.27.28 PLETHORA OF PLANTS - COLLECTIONS OF THE BOTANICAL GARDEN, FACULTY OF SCIENCE, UNIVERSITY OF ZAGREB (2): GLASSHOUSE SUCCULENTS Dubravka Sandev, Darko Mihelj & Sanja Kovačić Botanical Garden, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 9a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia (e-mail: [email protected]) Sandev, D., Mihelj, D. & Kovačić, S.: Plethora of plants – collections of the Botanical Garden, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb (2): Glasshouse succulents. Nat. Croat. Vol. 27, No. 2, 407- 420*, 2018, Zagreb. In this paper, the plant lists of glasshouse succulents grown in the Botanical Garden from 1895 to 2017 are studied. Synonymy, nomenclature and origin of plant material were sorted. The lists of species grown in the last 122 years are constructed in such a way as to show that throughout that period at least 1423 taxa of succulent plants from 254 genera and 17 families inhabited the Garden’s cold glass- house collection. Key words: Zagreb Botanical Garden, Faculty of Science, historic plant collections, succulent col- lection Sandev, D., Mihelj, D. & Kovačić, S.: Obilje bilja – zbirke Botaničkoga vrta Prirodoslovno- matematičkog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu (2): Stakleničke mesnatice. Nat. Croat. Vol. 27, No. 2, 407-420*, 2018, Zagreb. U ovom članku sastavljeni su popisi stakleničkih mesnatica uzgajanih u Botaničkom vrtu zagrebačkog Prirodoslovno-matematičkog fakulteta između 1895. i 2017. Uređena je sinonimka i no- menklatura te istraženo podrijetlo biljnog materijala. Rezultati pokazuju kako je tijekom 122 godine kroz zbirku mesnatica hladnog staklenika prošlo najmanje 1423 svojti iz 254 rodova i 17 porodica.
    [Show full text]
  • Alnus Japonica), a Pioneering Tree Species in the Kushiro Marshland, Hokkaido KONDO Kei 1), KITAMURA Keiko 2)* and IRIE Kiyoshi 3)
    「森林総合研究所研究報告」(Bulletin of FFPRI), Vol.5, No.2 (No.399), 175-181, June 2006 論 文（Original article） Preliminary results for genetic variation and populational differentiation of Japanese alder (Alnus japonica), a pioneering tree species in the Kushiro Marshland, Hokkaido KONDO Kei 1), KITAMURA Keiko 2)* and IRIE Kiyoshi 3) Abstract In recent years, an Alnus japonica (Japanese alder) forest has been expanding into the Kushiro Marshland, bringing conspicuous changes to its ecosystem and landscape. To prevent these rapid changes in wetland ecosystems, we sought to clarify the genetic variation and structure of 23 populations for A. japonica using isozyme analysis, which might provide basic information for estimating the distribution expansion mechanism of A. japonica in the Kushiro Marshland. Our results show significantly high expected heterozygosity (He) for populations in upstream regions than in downstream regions. Other genetic parameters show no significant differences, such as the mean number of alleles per locus (Na), effective number of alleles per locus (Ne), observed heterozygosity (Ho), and the coefficient that measures excesses of homozygotes relative to panmictic expectations within respective populations (FIS). The FST value is high (0.183), indicating differences in allele frequencies among populations. Significant clinal differences between populations in the upstream and downstream regions might be partly attributable to (i) the founder effect, a fluctuation of genetic diversity during foundation, or (ii) natural selection to certain alleles to/against different environments. The high FST value among populations might be partly attributable to the founder effect as a pioneer species and one with rapid expansion during establishment. This result might relate to the characteristic to the pioneering tree species, which establishes suitable sites by chance.
    [Show full text]
  • Koenabib Mine Near Aggeneys, Northern Cape Province
    KOENABIB MINE NEAR AGGENEYS, NORTHERN CAPE PROVINCE BOTANICAL STUDY AND ASSESSMENT Version: 1.0 Date: 30th January 2020 Authors: Gerhard Botha & Dr. Jan -Hendrik Keet PROPOSED MINING OF SILLIMANITE, AGGREGATE AND GRAVEL ON THE FARM KOENABIB 43 NORTH OF AGGENEYS, NORTHERN CAPE PROVINCE Report Title: Botanical Study and Assessment Authors: Mr. Gerhard Botha & Dr. Jan-Hendrik Keet Project Name: Proposed Mining of Sillimanite, Aggregate and Gravel on the Farm Koenabib 43, North of Aggeneys, Northern Cape Province Status of report: Version 1.0 Date: 30th January 2020 Prepared for: Greenmined Environmental Postnet Suite 62, Private Bag X15 Somerset West 7129 Cell: 082 734 5113 Email: [email protected] Prepared by Nkurenkuru Ecology and Biodiversity 3 Jock Meiring Street Park West Bloemfontein 9301 Cell: 083 412 1705 Email: gabotha11@gmail com Suggested report citation Nkurenkuru Ecology and Biodiversity, 2019. Mining Permit, Final Basic Assessment & Environmental Management Plan for the proposed mining of Sillimanite, Aggregate and Stone Gravel on the Farm Koenabib 43, Northern Cape Province. Botanical Study and Assessment Report. Unpublished report prepared by Nkurenkuru Ecology and Biodiversity for GreenMined Environmental. Version 1.0, 30 January 2020. Proposed koenabib sillimanite mine, NORTHERN CAPE PROVINCE January 2020 botanical STUDY AND ASSESSMENT I. DECLARATION OF CONSULTANTS INDEPENDENCE » act/ed as the independent specialist in this application; » regard the information contained in this report as it relates to my specialist
    [Show full text]
  • 41924-014: Biodiversity Status Report on 230
    Initial Environmental Examination Project Number: 41924-014 May 2015 Nam Ngiep 1 Hydropower Project (Lao People’s Democratic Republic) Biodiversity Status Report on 230 kV Transmission Line Construction Area (Dam Site to Tower 54) Prepared by Earth Systems on behalf of Nam Ngiep 1 Power Company Limited for the Asian Development Bank This report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “Terms of Use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. MAKO P‘OJECT Biodiversity Status Report on 230 kV Transmission Line Construction Area (Dam site to Tower 54) FINAL Prepared for By May 2015 Biodiversity Status Report RECORD DISTRIBUTION Copy No. Company / Position Name 1 Director, ESD NNP1 Mr. Prapard PAN-ARAM 2 EMO Manager, NNP1 Mr Viengkeo Phetnavongxay 3 Deputy Compliance Manager, NNP1 Mr. Cliff Massey DOCUMENT REVISION LIST Revision Status/Number Revision Date Description of Revision Approved By Rev0 22 nd April 2015 Working Draft Nigel Murphy Rev1 24 th April 2015 Draft Nigel Murphy Rev2 18 th May 2015 Draft Nigel Murphy Rev3 20 th May 2015 Final Nigel Murphy Rev4 28 th May 2015 Final (reformatted) Nigel Murphy Rev5 22 nd April 2015 Working Draft Nigel Murphy This report is not to be used for purposes other than those for which it was intended.
    [Show full text]