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{TEXTBOOK} Polish Armor of the Blitzkrieg POLISH ARMOR OF THE BLITZKRIEG PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Jamie Prenatt, Henry Morshead | 48 pages | 22 Sep 2015 | Bloomsbury Publishing PLC | 9781472808240 | English | Oxford, United Kingdom Polish Art Center - The Polish Armor Of The Blitzkrieg On 14 September , Poland bought 38 tanks Vickers Mk. E Type A, with spare parts and a manufacturing licence. At the end of , because of the liquidation of WIBI and establishing of the Design and Testing Centre of the Armoured Forces reporting directly to the Armoured Forces Command, most of the "A la Christie" project documentation was destroyed under the supervision of a special commission. Only a few hand- written notes and calculations were left. On 10 March design work on a new model called 10TP was started. Despite the fact that in the vehicle design was not completely finished, it was included in the programme of Armoured Forces that was a part of a general projection of growth and upgrade for the Polish Army for The 10TP tank was specified on the list of the equipment scheduled for four tank battalions in the new motorised units. Around this time a large number of the Polish FTs were sold fictitiously to Uruguay and China, and in fact went to Republican Spain. Factory in Ursus near Warsaw , where all Polish tanks were produced in the period of At the same time two motorised cavalry brigades were formed with the intention that they would be equipped with the tank. Building of the tank was completed in July It took so much time because some basic assemblies that were not produced in Poland had to be acquired abroad like an engine of a sufficient output. It was not before 16 August that the 10TP tank rolled out for a first longer ride. Captain Leon Czekalski. The trials were kept secret because the activities of the German Abwehr and the members of the " Fifth Column " were then getting more and more intensive in Poland. Successive trials being stopped by minor faults lasted until the 30 September and then the tank was sent to the WD where design modifications were made. In May, the refurbished tank was demonstrated to generals and other top ranking military authorities. The designers, having analysed their experiences came to the conclusion that a tank of this type should be a purely tracked vehicle and any equipment needed for driving it on wheels was just an unnecessary weight. Getting rid of this weight allowed them to increase the armour thickness significantly while vehicle weight remained unchanged. Thus another development step of the 10TP was to be the 14TP tank. Its construction was started in the end of but it was not completed due to the war. Before the tank could enter mass production , German invasion of Poland in September ended the independent existence of the Second Polish Republic. Another route the Polish army took was to purchase some of the British designed Carden-Loyd Mark VI two man tankette Poland ordered 10 or 11 of those two man tankettes on 29 June After the fall of Poland Polish units that made it to France used those two man tankettes in From this designed evolved the TK-3 tankette based on TK-1 and TK-2 tankettes, about built and TKS tankette based on TK-3 tankette, about built which were the only versions built in significant numbers. About tanks were produced between and the outbreak of the war, plus four iron prototypes. The designation 7TP meant "7 Tonne, Polish" in fact its weight increased to 9 tonnes after the initial prototype. The 7TP was fitted with the degree tank periscope which was of Polish design and was first used in the Polish 7-TP light tank. It was a development of the earlier 7TP tank , it was to replace its predecessor in Polish service in Due to the outbreak of the war, only a limited number of early prototypes and development versions took part in battles of the Invasion of Poland. After a series of tests it was found that the design was completely unreliable and the Poles decided to buy the French SOMUA S35 tanks instead, a proposal that was later refused by the French government. However, as the threat of war became apparent and the production rate of the new Polish 7TP tank was insufficient, in April it was decided to buy a hundred R 35 tanks as an emergency measure. The first fifty other sources lower the number to 49 arrived in Poland in July , along with three Hotchkiss H35 tanks bought for testing. During the Invasion of Poland 45 tanks formed the core of the newly created 21st Light Tank Battalion that was part of the general reserve of the Commander in Chief. The unit was to defend the Romanian Bridgehead , but was divided after the Soviet invasion of Poland of 17 September. Six tanks were also attached to the 10th Motorized Cavalry Brigade. Jakubowicz formed on 14 September in Kiwerce , Poland. The unit joined the task force "Dubno" and lost all of its tanks during the marches and fighting with German and Soviet armies and Ukrainian insurgents. A comparison of both armed forces clearly indicates the problems faced by Poland. An army group led by von Rundstedt attacked from the south while another army group led by von Bock attacked from the north with large mechanised forces. Before the war, between and , Poland invested heavily in the Central Industrial Region. Preparations for a defensive war with Germany were ongoing for many years, but most plans assumed fighting would not begin before To raise funds for industrial development, Poland sold much of the modern equipment it produced. The Polish military had fewer armored forces than the Germans, and these units, dispersed within the infantry, were unable to effectively engage the enemy. The tank force consisted of two armored brigades, four independent tank battalions and some 30 companies of TKS tankettes attached to infantry divisions and cavalry brigades. Their number of over vehicles constituted formally a significant tank force. Unfortunately, they were not fully capable tanks, and, apart from few cannon-armed ones, could not fight against other armoured fighting vehicles. The combat usefulness of FT tanks in was very limited, since they were obsolete and extremely slow by the standards of the day, but they participated in the defense of Poland in September ; the 2nd Armoured Battalion formed three light tank companies numbers: , , , equipped with Renault FT tanks. A standard tank of the Polish Army during the invasion of was the 7TP light tank. Poland had also a few relatively modern imported designs, such as 50 Renault R35 tanks and 38 Vickers E tanks. During the mobilization in August , the Vickers tanks were used in two light tank companies of Polish only two motorized brigades. During August and the first two weeks of September , the Brigade was being organized and trained, and stayed on the right bank of the Vistula. The first combat action, against the German bridgehead over the Vistula near Annopol. The Germans managed to destroy 7 Polish tanks with artillery, but just after, they lost five of their Panzer tanks. After receiving several more direct hits and losing two more large Panzer tanks, the German tank crews simply ran away. Polish 7TP tanks pursued and kept beating the rest of the tanks off. The German soldiers now met the Polish infantry and attacked, but they were repelled by the Polish tanks. However, the Battle of the Border did not gain the Poles enough time to fully mobilise the reserves. While most of Polish Army had been successfully mobilised prior to 1 September , on that date many sub-units of Prusy Army were still being formed or transported. By 4 September , when the German forces broke through the overstretched Polish defences, the Prusy army was far from battle-ready. It is unclear how many of the new Polish 9TP tanks were actually produced, although it appears at least 11 9TP tanks were delivered and used by the Polish Army at the start of hostilities as most Polish forces had the 7TP. The 11 tanks could have been either standard 7TP or 7TP with some of the modifications included, but not all of them. In September , Polish Army had only 7TPs 24 dw, 97 jw and 11 jw produced in September along with 4 prototypes made of regular plate , which equipped two Polish light tank battalions each with 49 tanks and other units. The Poles had placed great value on the River Vistula to act as a natural barrier to any form of military advance. The Germans crossed the river on Day 5 of the attack. By this time, the Polish air force had been defeated and this had stripped the Polish Army of any form of air cover — it also meant that the Polish tanks and army were easy targets for the Luftwaffe which was free to operate in Poland after September 2. When the Russians invaded eastern Poland on September 17, the defeat of Poland was sealed. On September 24, Warsaw was bombed by 1, German aircraft. Ironically, many point to the impact of German tanks during the campaign. Yet it is known that many of the tanks used during the attack were equipped only with machine guns or small calibre guns rather than cannons as compared to later tank designs. What did the damage was the constant onslaught of all parts of blitzkrieg, including large numbers of tanks, that never allowed the Polish Army to gather its breath and re-group. Complete air superiority gave the Germans every opportunity to attack the retreating Polish forces and destroy their tanks.
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