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State of Water Resources State of Water Resources in Malaysia

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State of Water Resources State of Water Resources in Malaysia Dialogue on “Water Environment Partnership in Asia (WEPA)” Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment 22 O ct 2008 State of Water Resources in Malaysia Dato’ Ir. Lim Chow Hock Department of Irrigation and Drainage Malaysia As I take you along… Introduction- Annual Rainfall, Water Resources Water Issues - Floods,,g, Droughts, Pollution Legislative and Institutional Issues Challenges Ahead Conclusion 1. Introduction- Annual Rainfall, Water Resources Annual Rainfall Average Annual Rainfall (mm) Water is abundant 2400 3800 2300 Not well managed – 4000 shortage during 3500 drought and excess 3000 2500 during wet season 2000 1500 1000 500 0 Peninsular Sarawak Sabah Mean Yearly Runoff MeanYearly Runoff Malaysia Water Resources billion m3 Annual rainfall : 990 Surface runoff : 566 Evapo-transpiration : 360 Groundwater recharge : 64 Surface artificial storages (dams) : 25 Groundwater storage (aquifers) : 5 ,000 Water Use (year 2000) Total for Malaysia : 12.5 billion m3 ( 2.2 % of surface runoff) RIVERS provide MAIN WATER SOURCE for 97 % of Water Supply for Domestic, Industrial and AiltAgriculture Simplified Hydrogeological Map of Peninsular Malaysia Aquifers in Alluvial Deposits 9coastal zone - Quaternary deposits of east and west coasts 9highly productive zone ~ yielding gen . 30-50 m 3/h, some have yield from 100 - 500 m3/h 9water quality – good with some localities are brackish Aquifers in Limestone/ Carbonate Rocks 9 distribution - Kedah, Perlis, Perak, Kelantan & Selangor 9 karstic limestone most productive, yield about 30 m3/h 9 water quality - good, moderate to high TDS (soluble bicarbonate) Aquifers in Sedimentary/ Volcanic Rocks 9fractures/sheared zones/porous 9yield about 10 - 20 m3/h 9water quality – good with some high in Fe Aquifers in Igneous Rocks 9joints and fractures/weathered zones 9yield - up to 10 m3/h (can be higher) 9water quality - good to moderate, with low TDS, some with high Fe. Location of dams belong to DID and other agencies Total Domestic, Industrial and Irrigation Demand for Peninsular Malaysia Demand 1998 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 * Domestic Million m3/yr 1,833 2,029 2,987 3,862 4,606 5,251 5,904 Mld 5,022 5,558 8,184 10,582 12,622 14,388 16,176 Industrial Million m3/yr 1,260 1,454 2,592 3,561 4,330 5,016 5,639 Mld 3,453 3,985 7,101 9,756 11,863 13,743 15,452 Domestic Million m3/yr 3,093 3,483 5,578 7,423 8,936 10,267 11,543 and Mld 8,475 9,543 15,285 20,338 24,485 28,131 31,628 Industrial Irrigation Million m3/yr 7,350 7,350 6,517 6,517 6,132 6,132 6,132 Mld 20,139 20,139 17,857 17,857 16,802 16,802 16,802 Total Million m3/yr 10,443 10,83 12,095 13,94 15,068 16,39 17,67 Demand 3 0 9 5 Mld 28,614 29,68 33,142 38,19 41,287 44,93 48,43 *Include losses 2 5 3 0 m3/yr = cubic meters per year Mld = Million litres per day Water Management Water is a state matter gazette of water catchments National Water Resources Council - 1998 involvement of Federal Government in the water sector national water resources policy in 2003 approve d th e f ormu lati on of IRBM M ast er Pl ans f or all 189 river basins Ministry of Energy, Water and Communications, and Mini st ry of N a tura l Resources and E nvi ronment - 2004 address water sector with respect to improving water utility servidices and managi itng water resources National Water Resources Council - Proposed 189 IRBM master plans WATER USER SECTORS Flora & Fauna (Eco-system) Food/Fishery Religion Recreation Sports Culture Transportation Water supply Agriculture Rain-fed paddy 278,000 ha. Irrigated paddy 322,000 ha. 2. Water Issues – Floods, Drought and Pollution a. Water Excess (Floods) b. Water Shortages (Droughts) c. Water Quality (Pollution) a. W a t e r E x c e s s Flood pp,rone areas 29,720 km² (9% nation’s land area) PERLIS Kangar THAILAND PULAU LANGKAWI S.Kelantan Alor SetarKEDAH Kota Bharu S.Muda George Town Kot a Ki nabal u PULAU S.Terengganu S.Ki nabat angan Kuala Terengganu PINANG KELANTAN SABAH LABUAN TERENGGANU PERAK SDS.Du ngnngun Ipoh S.Bar am S.Cukai S.Perak PAHANG S.Bernam Kuantan S.Kuantan S.Pahang SELANGOR Shah AlamKuala SARAWAK S.KlangLumpur NEGERI SEMBILAN S.Rompin S.Rej ang S.Endau Seremban S.LinggiMELAKA S.Sar awak Kuci ng S.Melaka S.Sadong Melaka S.Muar JOHOR S.Batu Pahat Johor S.Benut Bahru S.Johor SINGAPORE Population affected by floods Flood Prone Area States Total Area (km2) People Affected (no.) PERLIS 19 13,000 KEDAH 209 124,000 PULAU PINANG 232 510,000 PERAK 535 244,000 SELANGOR 1, 652 726,000 W.P. KUALA LUMPUR 3 13,000 NEGERI SEMBILAN 130 42,000 MELAKA 81 31,000 JOHOR 2,367 297,000 PAHANG 6,274 615,000 TERENGGANU 2,223 457,000 KELANTAN 1,640 714,000 SABAH 3,241 635,000 SARAWAK 11,114 494,000 P. MALAYSIA 15,365 3,786,000 SABAH & SARAWAK 14,355 1,129,000 JUMLAH 29,720 4,915,000 Flood damage: RM 915 million annually RM1.83 billion consequential economic drag Cause of Flooding Disposal of solid wastes into waterways Sediments from land clearance and construction areas. Increase in impervious areas Types of flooding Flash Flooding (localise and short duration) Monsoonal Flooding (widespread and long duration) Flooding caused by tsunami (an isolated case) i. Flash Flooding Flash Flooding Flash Flooding Flash Flooding Flooding in Sungai Buloh on 17 Julai 2004 Flash Flooding Involve cost of evacuation, shifting, property lost ii. Monsoonal Flooding Monsoon flood events Selangor Turf Club- Sultan Abdul Samad Building in 1971 Monsoon flood events Kuala Kangsar, Perak in 1971 Flooding caused by tropical storm Greg Penampang, Sabah 26 Dec . 1996 Floodi ng- NttiDbNewspaper cutting, December 2004, Kota Bharu. Monsoon Flooding Dec 2004 in Kota Bharu, Kelantan Newspaper cutting….December 2004, Kota Bharu flooding Flood Area in Muda Catchment 2002 Banjir di Kota Tinggi Jan 2007 Banjir di Kota Tinggi Jan 2007 iii. Flooding caused by Tsunami Houses badly hit by Tsunami in Kuala Kedah Dec 2004 Effect of Tsunami in Kuala Kedah Counter Measures: STRUCTURAL KL flood mitigation e.g SMART project and SMART Tunnel river by-pass and retention ponds RtReten tion Pon d STRUCTURAL STRUCTURAL dam river channelisation retention pond by-pass tunnel Counter Measures (soft approach): Application of MSMA in reducing the effect of flooding STORMWATER MANAGEMENT MANUAL (MSMA) Detention pond may serve a dual ftidfunction, reduce flooding as well as a recreational park b. W Water a t e r ShortagesS h o r t a g e s National Water Resources Study 2000-2010 (Peninsular Malaysia) Water Demand and Projected Supply for Selangor 7000 6000 WATER SUPPLY 5000 4000 ter Demand (Mld) aa 3000 Total W WATER 2000 DEMAND 1000 0 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Year 1998 drought has caused serious water rationing and hardship for 1.8 million residents of Kuala Lumpur & other Klang Valley towns. Water shortages GidGrowing deman ddds and pressure on wa ter resources Per capita availability of water is decreasing Reached practical limit of surface water resources development Inter-basin and inter-state water transfers PADDY PRODUCTION 2.5 million ton/year Rain-fed paddy 278 , 000 ha. Drought will have a major affect to rain- fed paddy than it does to the Irrigated one. Irrigated paddy 322,000 ha. 1998: Kuala Lumpur was badly affected August 1999: Kuala Lumpur by haze Water shortages Water demand management 1999 - Guidelines for Installing A Rainwater Collection and Utilization System 2002 - Six-liter toilet flushing systems Carry out a drought monitoring for Peninsular Malaysia ANALISA SUMBER AIR DI SEMENANJUNG MALAYSIA CURAHAN HUJAN SEBENAR BAGI BULAN JAN - MAC 2002 ( MOVING 3 MONTHLY RAINFALL ) ( a ) PERIOD : NOV-DEC 2001 & JAN 2002 ( b ) PERIOD : DEC 2001 & JAN, FEB 2002 ( c ) PERIOD : JAN, FEB & MAC 2002 R1 -38(324) R1 -43(167) R1-71(179) K1 36(255) K1 -6(141) K1-56(180) K4 -5(412) K3 9(285) K3 25(130)K4 -7(217) K3-48(141)K4-39(219) K5 -38(423) K5 -50(213) K5-47(209) D6 30(688) D6 26(486) D66(279) T5 -17(1456) T5-26(319) P1 -34(438) P1 -21(258) T5 -50(767) P1-29(263) P3 -10(382) P3 -22(209) P3-29(214) P2 4(442) A16 -13(354) P2 -41(283) A16 -13(209) P2-28(289) A16-59(203) A14 -30(765) A14 -44(588) A14-66(581) A15 -83(376) A15 -61(273) A15-57(291) T2 27(1222) T2 -16(786) T2-26(338) D2 50(522) D2 73(371) D2-20(279) D1 35(1820) D1 49(1335) D1-23(741) A12 -21(687) A12 -4(380) A12-24(362) T1 10(1450) T1 1(977) T1-53(480) C8 6(624) C8 -26(461) C8-45(431) A4 -6(530) A4 -16(453) A48(463) A8 -58(1116) A8 -56(948) A8-47(874) LEGEND : A6 -38(901) A6 -45(802) A6-41(775) C9 12(1240) LEGEND : C9 3(1085) LEGEND : C9-59(763) 100% B6 -34(603) B6 -62(406) B6-38(394) 80% 100% B3 5(504) B3 -32(398) B322(345) 60% 100% 80% C3 6(477) C4 47(1130) 80% C3 3(362) C4 86(866) 60% B8-12(575) C3-62(357) C4-45(486) 40% B8 -21(659) B8 -25(564)B7 -53(522) B7-5(537) B7 -43(625) 40% 20% N3 -12(645) 60% N3 -43(518) N3-45(465) 40% B4 - 65(474) 20% B4- 67(487) 0% B4 -45(600)B5 26(481) B5 -36(353) B5-66(401) Biasa 20% 0% -20% N1 -50(356) N1-27(373) Amaran N1 -20(498) J10 -32(560) J10 -37(481) -20% Biasa J10-21(441) -40% 0% J1 -21(417) J1-14(366) J1 -35(516) Biasa -40% Amaran J9-58(851) -60% Serius J9 -17(1660) -20% J8 36(363) J9 -21(1434) J80(423) J8 20(478) -60% -80% -40% Amaran M1 -35(275) Serius M1-3(304) M1 -12(436) -80% % Deviation from -60% Serius -80% L-Term Mean % Deviation from Cum.
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