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The LINCOLN LINK LinkingThe together LINCOLN all elements of the motorLINK heritage

spring 2018 the lincoln link

spring 2018 The LINCOLN LINK CONTENTS 3 Chairman’s Message: notes from David Schultz 4 Support Companies Who’ve Supported Lincoln Motor Car Heritage Museum 5 The Museum Endowment Fund by John T. Eby 6 Joy Falotico Named President of Lincoln 7 Leland, Lincoln, and the Liberty Aircraft Engine by John T. Eby 13 Museum Momentum: a report from Jim Blanchard 14 Fifth Annual Lincoln Homecoming This August 15 Into the Future with Lincoln 16 Featured Lincoln Enthusiast: Dennis Carpenter

■ THE LINCOLN LINK is the official news- letter of The Lincoln Motor Car Heritage Museum and Research Foundation, Inc., Lincoln Motor Car Foundation Gilmore Car Museum, 6865 Hickory Road, BOARD OF DIRECTORS Hickory Corners, 49060. Opinions expressed herein do not necessarily repre- sent or reflect Foundation policy. Newsletter David W. Schultz Chairman & CEO contributions should be sent to the address above. James D. Blanchard, Jr. President & COO, Museum Director ■ Earlier issues of The LINCOLN LINK are available as back issues. Price is $5 each, Earle O. Brown, Jr. Executive Vice President postpaid. Bruce M. Kopf Treasurer ■ MEMBERSHIP IN THE C. Joel Dickson Secretary LINCOLN MOTOR CAR FOUNDATION John t. “Jack” Eby Chairman Emeritus Membership categories: $25 Annual; $100 Annual Sustaining; $1000 Annual Corporate; $1000 Lifetime (or four payments of $250); Thomas Brunner, President, Lincoln-Zephyr Owners Club Memorial ($500 minimum, please provide Mike Denney, Director, Road Race Lincoln Register name of honoree). Send your name and a check to: John Talbourdet, President, Lincoln and Continental Owners Club Cornerstone Registration Ltd., P.O. Box Eric van den Beemt, President, Lincoln Owners Club 1715, Maple Grove, Minnesota 55311- 6715, or call 866 427 7583 and pay by credit card. Contact them by e-mail at Robert Anderson Darryl B. Hazel H. Gene Nau [email protected]. Gerald A. Capizzi Robert Johnson David W. Roycroft, ■ On our covers: Front, a Lincoln of the Chris Dunn Jack Juratovic M.D. early 1920’s makes a dignified presence James D. Farley+ Vaughn A. Jack Shea before the U.S. Capitol building. Back cover: An ad for the 1950 . Joy Falotico* Koshkarian John L. Sweet Dennis R. Garrett Lee R. Misowski Jack Telnack ■ Lincoln Link Available to Foundation Members Only. Beginning Al Giombetti James Muller Paul C. Temple with the next issue (Fall 2018), The Lincoln Link will be available to foundation members + Executive Vice President and President, Europe, and Africa, only. Information on how to become a mem- ber appears above or visit the LMCF web site: www.lincolncarmuseum.org * Vice President, Ford Motor Company and President, The

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of enjoying our automobiles. For me, this is why we own A Message from the Chairman these —for the unequalled enjoyment of he big news for this year driving them. is the upcoming annual I’ll take a drive Lincoln Homecoming, in the country which will be held on over an award August 10-12 at the every time! TLincoln Motor Car Heritage Your LMCF Museum. You’ll find complete trustees and information elsewhere in this the Lincoln issue (as well as on the LMCF museum website), so I won’t go into committee details here.) continue to One of the four clubs that develop and helped create our Lincoln maintain a museum is celebrating its world-class 50th anniversary this year; the automotive Lincoln-Zephyr Owners Club museum that was founded in 1968. It will be “tells the a special weekend for the LZOC. Lincoln story.” I expect to see many Zephyrs We’ve received and early Continentals. Prior to numerous the Homecoming at Hickory accolades Corners, the LZOC is holding from visitors a 50th anniversary meet in receiving on loan a 1/10 scale commending us on the quality northern Indiana. clay model of the new Lincoln of our museum. You probably saw the big Continental. It’s scheduled As I continue to say, our news out of Ford Motor to arrive prior to the 2018 museum has been built, but Company—a new president has Homecoming in August and much work remains. Your been named for the Lincoln will be displayed in a custom LMCF trustees are working to Motor Company. Effective Plexiglas case. Jim Blanchard’s build the endowment fund that March 1, Joy Falotico succeeded goal is continue to expand the ensures continued operation of Kumar Galhotra, who was Lincoln design legacy story, your museum for years to come. promoted to group vice going back to E.T. “Bob” If you’re already a museum president and president, Ford Gregorie. supporter, thank you. If not, now North America. Falotico is a The collection of vehicles is the time. 29-year veteran with Ford Motor in our museum continues to For those of you looking Company. We wish her well in grow. Our latest arrival is a very ahead, your LMCF trustees the continuing resurgence of the original 1954 have created a Legacy Society, Lincoln marque. that was purchased new by a for those individuals who will In April, Vaughn Koshkarian, Toledo, Ohio, family that owned remember the foundation in Jim Muller, Jim Blanchard and and drove Lincolns for years. their planned giving and estate I received a tour of the Lincoln Another very unique vehicle planning. If you have questions Design Studios from David is very likely on its way to the contact any museum trustee. Woodhouse, Lincoln’s design museum. If you attend the 2018 See you at Hickory Corners in chief. In addition to seeing these Homecoming you’ll see it. August. marvelous facilities and seeing As I write this, most of us Lincolns in several stages of who live in the northern parts design development, we learned of the have gotten from David and his team that our vintage Lincolns back on —David W. Schultz the Lincoln museum will be the road for another season LMCF Chairman and CEO 3 the lincoln link

Support Companies Who’ve The LINCOLN LINK Supported Lincoln Motor Car EDITOR David W. Schultz 1221 Providence NE, Chestnut Hills Heritage Museum Massillon, Ohio 44646-4105

GRAPHIC DESIGN Richard L. Cole Graphics Ltd. number of companies that • Earle Brown 200 E. Fesler St., Suite 206 supply parts and services • Ford Motor Company Santa Maria, California, 93454 A to the Lincoln collector • Grundy Insurance photography car market have stepped up and • Imagination the Americas Walter Herip, John Walcek, Bruce Kopf become sponsors of the Lincoln • Lincoln Land (Chris Dunn) Motor Car Heritage Museum. • Lucas Classic Tires The Lincoln Motor Car The LMCF board of trustees • National Parts Depot Heritage Museum and encourages members of all • Reliable Carriers, Inc. Research Foundation, Inc. Gilmore Car Museum Lincoln clubs to support these • The Lincoln- Old 6865 Hickory Road companies. And, when you do Parts Store Hickory Corners, Michigan 49060 so, thank them for supporting • Ray Theriault lincolncarmuseum.org our Lincoln Motor Car Heritage • Crest Lincoln, Sterling Museum! Heights, Michigan n The Lincoln Motor Car Heritage Museum is for you! America’s pas- • Mervin B. Adkins • Zeigler Lincoln, Kalamazoo, sionate love affair with the Lincoln • Automotive Restorations Michigan automobile continues to inspire new (J. Stephen Babinsky) • Sesi Lincoln, Ann Arbor, generations. This is demonstrated in a variety of ways, including the formation • Automotive Fine Arts Michigan of affinity clubs in which enthusiasts Society • Pfeiffer Lincoln, Grand can share their interest in a particular • Dennis Carpenter Ford Rapids, Michigan or segment of the automotive Restoration Parts market, past and present. The Lincoln automobile has inspired the creation of four major affinity clubs. These have inspired the Lincoln Motor Car Foundation, its Museum and its work of Sharing the Living Legacy of the Lincoln Motor Cars.

The Grand Opening of the Lincoln Motor Car Heritage Museum took place August 9, 2014. We invite you to explore what we have to offer and visit the Museum located on the Gilmore Car Museum Campus in Hickory Corners, Michigan. The Museum is open Monday through Friday from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m, Saturday and Sunday from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. The 3rd Annual Lincoln Homecoming, the annual gathering of the four Lincoln clubs at the museum, will take place at the museum August 10-13, 2017. Join in the fun!

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Museum Endowment Fund Total Approaches $1 Million: Great Progress, But More Contributors Required anticipated that the ongoing costs would be met with a combination of funds from museum mem- berships, annual contributions, bequests, income from the annual Lincoln weekend, and income from endowment funds. It was recognized that we would all have to all pull together to fund the initial building cost and to cover the annual operating costs due the Gilmore. The museum building and collections are debt- free; however, we have a perpetu- by Jack Eby Lincoln’s share of the overall al contingent liability for the rent LMCF Chairman Emeritus Gilmore complex. The Gilmore and maintenance of the facility. charges Lincoln for those services The initial museum endow- he Lincoln Motor Car in addition to the cost of the rent ment fund was established as a Heritage Museum, conceived of the land. sequestered fund with the income and built by the memberships T The partnership between the dedicated to the maintenance and of the four Lincoln affinity clubs, Gilmore and the Lincoln Motor rent of the building and exhibits. continues to be a major attrac- Car Foundation assures the long- The first objective is $1.5 mil- tion at the Gilmore Car Museum term viability of the Lincoln lion. Assuming that all of the in Hickory Corners, Michigan. museum and relieves the clubs pledges are met, about $1 million The Lincoln museum solicits rave and their foundation from the has been raised. This and subse- reviews for its classic architecture day-to-day operating and person- quent funds will be conservatively and the sophisticated manner nel issues inherent with owning invested and utilized to partially utilized to present the history of a museum facility. It also allows offset the rent and maintenance the Lincoln automotive brand the clubs and their visitors to costs for the museum facility. with images, text, memorabilia, access and utilize the Gilmore Jerry Capizzi and Chris Dunn vehicles and audiovisual effects. facilities and amenities. This have generously stepped forward The 15,000-square-foot arrangement, of course, comes and volunteered to match the Lincoln museum was constructed with a price, and that price was first $250,000 contributed. That on land that Lincoln leased from known to exist when the muse- offer is rapidly expiring. the Gilmore Foundation; how- um project was approved. The most immediate objec- ever, the building, furnishings The challenge that the clubs tive is to raise the remaining and collections are owned by the assumed when the building proj- $500,000 to complete the clubs through the Lincoln Motor ect was approved was to raise first endowment fund. In this Car Foundation. This approach funds on an ongoing basis to endeavor, a concerted effort by was selected to take advantage of meet our annual obligation to all of the members of the clubs is the Gilmore infrastructure and continually improve the museum needed in order to assure success. staff, thereby alleviating the clubs while paying the charges to the Dynamic and creative leadership of the ongoing burden of man- Gilmore for rent and mainte- is expected from the officers and aging a museum. The Gilmore nance. The Gilmore fees are board members of the clubs and provides complete caretaking and indexed for inflation and cur- the foundation. The long-term administration of the Lincoln rently are running about $60,000 future of the museum depends building, exterior grounds, and per year. At approval, it was on our collective efforts. 5 the lincoln link

Joy Falotico Named President of Lincoln Motor Company

oy Falotico, 50, has been named group vice president, J Lincoln Motor Company, and chief marketing officer, succeeding Kumar Galhotra, who has been appointed group vice president and president, Ford North America. Galholtra will be responsible for leading all aspects of Ford’s North American business. Galhotra and Falotico will report to Jim Farley, Ford executive vice president and president, Global Markets. Falotico is responsible for leading the continued evolution of Lincoln as a world-class luxury brand. She oversees all Lincoln operations globally, including product development; marketing, sales and service; and all team n members supporting the brand. Joy Falotico and Jim Farley share a smile at the preview of the 2020 , a three-row luxury SUV that promises to elevate the senses. Inside, an open She will also lead the company’s and airy interior awaits to surround drivers and passengers alike with comfort. Marketing function and efforts to connect more closely with consistently strong financial variety of senior-level engineering customers by identifying new performance, but also its and product strategy positions opportunities to serve them. business model innovation and around the world. In addition, Falotico will remain chairman of transition to a digital customer since 2014, he led Lincoln the Ford Motor Credit Company platform,” Farley said. “She Motor Company, revitalizing board of directors. brings marketing experience and the luxury brand’s model lineup Since October 2016, Falotico a deep customer focus as Ford and developing a world-class has been group vice president enters a very busy new product customer experience. He also and chairman and CEO, Ford launch period to drive growth in served as the company’s chief Motor Credit Company, a revenue and profitability.” marketing officer since last year. leading global automotive In announcing the leadership Falotico was recognized by financial services company with changes, Ford President and Automotive News as one of the $151 billion in receivables and CEO Jim Hackett said Ford 100 Leading Women in the Ford’s second-largest profit is “very fortunate to have an North American Auto Industry contributor. In 29 years at experienced and committed in 2010 and 2015. Born in Ford Credit, she has served in a executive team in place driving 1967, Falotico holds a bachelor’s number of executive positions every day to significantly degree in business administration around the world, including strengthen our business while from Truman State University leading Marketing and Sales, building toward our vision of and a master’s degree in business working side-by-side with Ford becoming the world’s most finance from DePaul University. to support sales and dealer trusted mobility company, success, and strengthening designing smart vehicles for a consumer and dealer service. smart world.” “Joy has been a driving force Galhotra, a 29-year veteran behind not only Ford Credit’s of the company, has served in a

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Leland, Lincoln and the Liberty Aircraft Engine by John T. Eby role in the War that late in 1914 The cause of “Don’t get he personally met with Woodrow involved” was dealt a serious s raged on Wilson to promote American blow when, on May 7, 1915, off through 1915 and 1916, intervention, and, in particular, the southern coast of Ireland, the debate about the fostering of an American air- the German submarine U-20 American entry into the craft industry. Mr. Wilson’s reply sank the British passenger liner war consumed the atten- was, “Don’t worry, Leland—I’ll Lusitania with an unannounced tAion of the U.S. public. The keep America out of war.” torpedo attack. The ship sank in American government, led by twenty minutes with the loss of President Woodrow Wilson, was 1198 lives, including 128 a unique blend of isolation- Americans. The American ists, pacifists, and public was enraged, those who truly and there were believed that the demands for an Americans could facili- immediate declara- tate the brokering of a tion of war on peace. Most of the Germany. The Wilson popular press, on the administration instead other hand, was active- chose to use diplomacy, ly agitating for American and solicited an agreement intervention on the side of from the Germans to pay the Western Allies, Britain reparations and to cease and France. submarine attacks on pas- Henry Leland, the president senger ships without warn- of the Motor ing. Company, a subsidiary of A stalemate existed , frequently throughout 1916 on the traveled in Europe and had Western Front in France. many professional and person- The war had deteriorated al contacts there. Based on into deadly trench warfare those trips and meetings, he and, after repeated attempts, had sadly believed since 1913 both the Western Allies that war in Europe was inevi- and the Central Powers led table and that the United States by Germany lost hope of gaining would have to become involved. The American automobile industry significant ground. The “Unless we intervene, our pres- produced over 20,000 Liberty aircraft Germans, responding to the lack ent civilization may be engines during World War I. Most of of progress against the French destroyed,” he was quoted as these engines were 400-horsepower and British, and hoping to choke V-12 engines. Note in this V-12 cross saying. off supplies coming from North section the modern configuration of Mr. Leland believed so overhead valves and overhead dual America, reinstated unrestricted strongly in the coming American camshafts. submarine warfare early in 1917.

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Motors, and Billy Durant, who controlled GM, initially refused to allow participation in the war effort. “This is not our war, and I will not permit any General Motors unit to do work for the government,” he told Wilfred Leland, Henry’s son, who was sec- ond in command at Cadillac. When the conversation was repeat- ed to Henry Leland, he was devas- tated. He was also uncharacteristi- cally vocally furious at the appar- ently uncompromising viewpoint of Billy Durant, which Mr. Leland and Lincoln personnel review the first running prototype of the Liberty viewed as unpatriotic. engine at the Packard plant on July 28, 1917. The prototype was an At that time, the United eight-cylinder configuration, but most of the Liberty production was the twelve- cylinder version. Wilfred Leland is to the left of the engine. Henry Leland is States had a very small aircraft immediately in front of the engine, discussing it with , president engine industry that potentially of Packard. Photo courtesy of NAHC, Detroit Public Library. could be expanded; however, a strategy of creating a new, stan- This precipitous decision set the French request for aircraft and dardized aircraft engine became stage for American entry into the also to meet the anticipated the preferred approach. This pro- war on the side of the Western needs of the American forces. gram would pool the best avail- Allies—and ultimately the cre- Henry Leland believed that it able existing engine technolo- ation of the Lincoln Motor was necessary for the United gies, simplify engine mainte- Company and Ford Motor States—and himself personally— nance, and harness the manufac- Company’s production of luxury to be involved in the War. He turing capabilities of the U.S. automobiles. also was the most accomplished to build the On April 6, 1917, after the precision internal combustion engines. The resulting family of sinking of a number of American engine manufacturer in the engines was named the U.S.A. merchant vessels by German sub- world, and he had a growing Standardized Aircraft Engine, marines, the United States interest in seeing automotive popularly known as the declared war on the Central engine technology and manufac- “Liberty” engine. Powers. Already the British and turing methods applied to the French had been discussing their rapidly emerging aircraft indus- n June 3, 1917, after consul- needs for men and equipment try. Cadillac had the manpower, tations with the British and with the Americans, and on May technology and facilities to be O French and some prelimi- 23, 1917, the French formally able to make an immediate con- nary design work, the U.S. War requested 4500 airplanes and tribution to the war effort. Department cloistered a small 5000 pilots from the United Cadillac had also recently pur- engine design team in a suite of States. chased land on Clark Street in rooms at the new Willard Hotel Among the many problems Detroit and erected a new build- in Washington, D.C. In a remark- facing the Americans as they pre- ing that could be quickly con- able five days, by working twenty- pared for a major war was how verted to aircraft engine produc- four hours a day, the group had to procure a large number of tion. Unfortunately, Cadillac’s an initial design for a new, high- reliable aircraft engines in a short involvement was not Henry performance aircraft engine family. period of time. This task was Leland’s decision to make. Jesse G. Vincent of Packard and vital to complying with the Cadillac was part of General Elbert J. Hall of Hall-Scott Motor 8 spring 2018

Car Company from San Francisco led the team, supported by about two hundred people from a vari- ety of other companies. The new engine family was water cooled, with coil ignition, overhead valves and overhead camshafts. It was designed to be built of standardized parts in four-cylinder and six-cylinder inline versions and eight- and twelve-cylinder variants in a for- ty-five-degree V configuration. The four, six and V-8 versions were never put into vol- ume production; it was the 1650-cubic- inch, 400-horse- power V-12 that became the most popular version. Above: At its peak production in 1918, Lincoln employed about It is the V-12 6000 people producing aircraft engines, including (left) this World War I version of Rosie the Riveter, seen welding Liberty configuration engine water jackets. A great number of women were employed that comes to in manufacturing businesses during the war due to the short- mind when one age of men. Photo courtesy of NAHC, Detroit Public Library. hears the term “Liberty Engine.” All of the major The high-volume create a new company solely for American automo- cylinder and piston the manufacture of aircraft tive and aircraft manu- rod bearing manufactur- engines. On July 3, 1917, they facturers unselfishly con- ing techniques were devel- both left Cadillac, and, fully tributed technology and person- oped by Ford. aware of the new standardized nel to creating the new engine, A working V-8 version of the engine project, immediately left and the best international engine was delivered to the U.S. for Washington, D.C., to offer designs were copied. The forged, Bureau of Standards on July 3, to the government their services separate cylinders were copied 1917, one month after the and their plans to build a plant. from Rolls Royce and Mercedes; design process was initiated. A the fork-and-blade piston rod V-12 version of the engine ven though they had a and crankshaft configuration passed a fifty-hour running test working prototype, the War from DeDion and Cadillac on August 25, 1917. This was a E Department was still in the (Leland); the cam shaft and valve truly remarkable accomplishment midst of the design phase of the mechanism from Mercedes and in such a short period of time; new engine and was not in a Packard; the cam shaft, propeller however, the task of creating position to award contracts or hubs, crank shaft and piston high volume, reliable production make commitments for produc- designs from Hall-Scott; the would be even more challenging! tion. Though the military people water pump from Packard; and After Billy Durant’s curt refus- were impressed with the capabili- the carburetor from Zenith. The al of GM involvement in the war ty and sincerity of the Lelands, engines used Delco coil ignition effort, Henry and Wilfred Leland they were asked to wait for the systems and Allison bearings. made plans to leave Cadillac and appropriate time. 9 the llincolni nco ln l ilinkn k

The Lelands were convinced volumes and contracts. A suitable site at the end of that in order to shorten the war, Eventually contracts for the fol- the Warren Avenue trolley line in it was vital to initiate a produc- lowing V-12 engine volumes Detroit was found, but it would tion plan for the new engine were signed: Packard, 6000 have to be assembled by joining immediately. They wanted to be engines; Nordyke & Marmon, a large number of parcels, some a key element of that plan. 3000 engines; Ford, 5000 of which had already been subdi- Without any commitment from engines; General Motors vided for housing. After a rapid the government, they returned (Cadillac and ), 2000 marathon set of negotiations, the to Detroit and purchased a small engines (Billy Durant had recon- Lelands successfully melded the factory building and some sidered his position); and separate pieces of property into a adjoining residences on Lincoln, 6000 engines. On fifty-acre site adjoining a rail line. Avenue. They utilized their own August 31, 1917, Lincoln was In September 1917 ground was capital for the equipment, the first manufacturer to formally broken for a complex of eight remodeling and expansion in sign their contract. buildings with an aggregate floor preparation for the manufacture The Lincoln Motor Company space of 616,000 square feet, of aircraft engines. The reputa- plant on Holden Avenue had and on February 22, 1918, tion of the Lelands quickly only about 110,000 square feet Lincoln formally took possession attracted additional capital and of office, warehouse and manu- of the new buildings. The mas- people to their new enterprise, facturing space. The facility sive main manufacturing build- and the Lincoln Motor allowed the manufacture of four- ing was four stories high and ran Company was incorporated on teen of the new V-12 Liberty for three city blocks along August 29, 1917, with an initial engines per day. The contract to Livernois Avenue. capital of $1,500,000 and with which Lincoln had committed During the construction of many of the Lelands’ old required the capability to manu- the new plant complex, Lincoln Cadillac associates. facture seventy engines each day continued to perfect their pro- In August of 1917 the gov- —a four hundred percent duction processes and to respond ernment called a meeting of the increase! New facilities were to the stream of engineering six preferred manufacturers for quickly needed, and again the design changes at their Holden the new engines to discuss costs, Lelands did not hesitate. Avenue facilities. On February 4, 1918, the first Lincoln-built A gleaming Liberty engine was produced at array of com- the Holden Avenue plant. pleted Liberty twelve-cylinder Production gradually started to aircraft engines increase and was shifted to the awaits ship- new Warren Avenue facility. In ment at the the month of August, 1918, one Lincoln Motor year after the signing of their Company plant. Lincoln contract, Lincoln produced 851 manufactured engines; in October they pro- 6500 such duced 1111 engines. The five engines manufacturers produced a total be tween Feb ru- of 4002 engines in October; ary 1918 and only Ford was able to exceed January 1919. Photo courtesy Lincoln’s monthly rate. of NAHC, In a very short period of time, Detroit Public Lincoln and the rest of the Library. American automotive industry had designed the state-of-the-art air- craft engine and reliably produced 10 spring 2018

it in volumes unthinkable a year earlier. During that short period, Lincoln had also successfully planned, built and equipped a totally new facility within which to build the engine, and had remod- eled and equipped a second facili- ty. The entrance of the United States into the war and the fail- ure of the German submarine program to stem the flow of men and supplies from North America dramatically shifted the balance on the Western Front in favor of the Western Allies. On November 11, 1918, an armi- stice was signed, ending hostili- ties in the Great War. The pro- duction of the Liberty aircraft The Lincoln Motor Company was created to produce World War I Liberty air- engines slowed and ceased at craft engines. Henry Leland (far left) and Wilfred Leland (third from right) Lincoln in January 1919. and the Lincoln management team examine engine number 6500 completed by For four of the V-12 Liberty Lincoln in January 1919. Photograph courtesy of the Detroit Public Library, engine manufacturers, the end of National Automotive History Collection. aircraft engine production simply meant that they returned their stripped and converted to vehicle or completed at the factory. Even facilities, assets and people to their manufacturing. Again, the Ford Motor Company was forced previous automobile businesses. Leland name and reputation to shut indefinitely over the The Lincoln Motor Company had attracted capital and people. In Christmas 1920 holiday for no such business to which to November, 1919, the first dis- inventory adjustments. return, and it had huge facilities, a tributor for the coming Lincoln Lincoln sold only 700 vehicles large debt, and 5600 employees. motor car was appointed, rapidly from September through followed by fifteen more in the December 1920, falling far short he Lelands briefly consid- major cities in the country. The of the 6000 vehicles that had ered using the Lincoln car was introduced on September been originally planned. As the T Motor Company facilities to 16, 1920, to great acclaim and economic situation in America manufacture engines for other interest from the public. worsened through 1921 and automobile manufacturers, but Unfortunately for the Lelands, automobile sales continued to the Lelands’ true interest was in the introduction of their new decline, Lincoln completely producing automobiles. Henry vehicle occurred coincidentally exhausted its working capital. and Wilfred Leland, who had with the 1920-21 post-war The plant operated on a part- created the Cadillac and its repu- depression. Because of the eco- time basis, and prices were tation for fine engineering and nomic problems, sales of all types reduced in an attempt to stimu- innovation, set out to create of new vehicles plummeted and late sales, but to no avail. By the “the finest motor car ever built” customers and dealers canceled end of 1921, Lincoln had totally —the Lincoln automobile. orders. Walter Murphy, the depleted its financial resources, The company was reorganized Lincoln distributor in Los and no additional capital was and recapitalized, and the Warren Angeles, flatly refused delivery of forthcoming. The only option Avenue facilities were quickly 400 Lincolns that were in transit left, in the opinion of the 11 the llincolni nco ln l ilinkn k

Lincoln Board of Directors—but mobile industry. agement situation continued to not of the Lelands or William T. The auction proceeded quickly. deteriorate, and within a few Nash—was receivership. Only three bidders had made months the Lelands retired from Saturday, February 4, 1922, deposits that qualified them for the Ford Motor Company, end- was a typical Detroit winter the sale. By prearrangement, ing their brief, but critical, associa- day—cold, gray and blustery. ’s agent, Harold tion with the Lincoln automobile. This was the day set by the Emmons, who strangely was also Federal District Court for the the Lelands’ attorney, bid eight he Lelands, after so many sig- auction of the assets of Lincoln million dollars. Since there were nificant contributions to the Motor Company. The sale was no other bids, the court officer T early years of the automotive to take place at 10 o’clock in the accepted Ford’s offer, and after a industry, remained in Detroit, but morning on the steps of the short signing ceremony, the faded into automotive history. large, yellow brick Lincoln Motor Lincoln Motor Company became Henry Leland died on March 26, administration building on Warren the property of Henry Ford. 1932, at the age of 89, and Avenue. Starting at about nine The Lelands expected to stay Wilfred Leland died on January o’clock, spectators expecting with Lincoln and help with the 20, 1958, at the age of 88. Henry Ford to be the purchaser management of the newest Ford The famed, powerful Liberty started to gather in front of the division, and immediately after the engine, although obsolete, was building. By 10 o’clock, when sale they became Ford Motor used in aircraft until the early the court officer took his seat at Company employees. However, 1930’s, as a tank engine in World a table in front of the main doors, their management style was War II, and was a favorite of three thousand people had gath- understandably different from speedboat racers and rum runners ered to witness this drama Ford’s approach, and clashes during Prohibition. Liberty between two giants of the auto- quickly began to occur. The man- engines powered the Ford Motor Company’s first commercial air- planes, the 2-AT Air Pullmans which were used in scheduled service between Chicago, Detroit and Cleveland in 1925. Liberties also powered the first aerial cross- ing of the Atlantic in 1919 and the first circumnavigation of the globe in 1924. After its conversion to auto- mobile production, the Lincoln Liberty engine plant was utilized continuously to build all of the Lincoln automobiles through the 1952 model year, with a break for World War II. It was razed in 2002. The Lincoln automobile con- tinues to be produced in vol- umes that would have stunned, The Ford and Leland families strike a pose after the signing of the agreement for but also delighted, the Lelands. the purchase of the Lincoln Motor Company by the Ford Motor Company on February 4, 1923. The photograph was taken in the Lincoln Room of the Lincoln Motor Company administration building. From left: Henry Leland, Eleanor Ford, Ford, Clara Ford, Henry Ford, Blanche Leland, Wilfred Leland. Photograph courtesy of NAHC, Detroit Public Library. 12 spring 2018

Lincoln Motor Car Heritage Museum Report by James Blanchard a great photo of him with new ing up to the current time. Museum Director 1935 Lincolns—his and hers. It’s Great strides are being made a real testament to Lincoln brand with our endowment. In an age his year holds promise for loyalty! when many museums run out continued improvements Vaughn Koshkarian, Jim of funds, we are blessed with a T at your museum in both Muller, David Schultz and I vis- museum structure that is afford- displays and vehicles. We will ited the Lincoln design center able to operate and secure in be strengthening our Lincoln- in Dearborn and accepted from its surroundings, thanks to the Zephyr kiosk with assorted David Woodhouse and his team Gilmore campus. We still seek dealership items in the display a 1/10th scale clay styling model financial independence into box. We continue to seek an of the current Continental. This the future that ensures that the additional K Lincoln from the is very tastefully presented on Lincoln story will be told. Please early 1930s to strengthen our a styling table with a Plexiglas consider the Lincoln Foundation early Lincoln representation. We cover. We will display it and in your estate planning to make are about to finalize the donation work toward expanding our possible sharing your love of of a 1954 Lincoln Capri—this car Lincoln design history display to Lincolns for generations to was purchased new in Toledo, include information about the come. Ohio, by Mark Mennel. We have E.T. Gregorie design years, lead- 13 the lincoln link

n Lincoln Continentals and Zephyrs on display at the 2017 Homecoming. John Walcek photo Fifth Annual Lincoln Homecoming August 10-12; LZOC Celebrates 50th

he fifth annual Lincoln Indiana. The club has arranged Lincolns of each decade will be Homecoming will be held visits to several Indiana automo- presented on Sunday. T August 10-12, 2018, at the bile museums as well as other Complete details on the 2018 Lincoln Motor Car Heritage tourist spots. Homecoming are available on Museum in Hickory Corners, The annual Homecoming will the LMCF web site: www.lin- Michigan. The highlight of this kick off in Hickory Corners on colncarmuseum.org. The meet year’s Homecoming will be the Friday evening with cocktails and chairman is Bob Johnson, who 50th anniversary celebration of a banquet at the host hotel, fol- can be reached at arborbob41@ the Lincoln-Zephyr Owners Club lowed by the annual charity auc- aol.com or (651) 257.1715. (LZOC). tion. An all-Lincoln car show and This year’s Homecoming will Lincoln swap meet will be held be preceded by an LZOC 50th on Saturday, followed by dinner anniversary celebration event at the Gilmore Car Museum. from August 6 to 9 in northern People’s Choice awards for

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Rhapsody Into the Future with

Continental

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n Dennis Carpenter (right) and son Daniel with Continental Mark II #9502, which is now on display at the Lincoln Motor Car Heritage Museum.

downtown Charlotte. The com- pany occupies approximately Featured Lincoln Enthusiast: 300,000 square feet of manufac- turing, warehousing and retail space. More than 160 employees Dennis Carpenter are engaged in manufacturing or selling quality Ford parts. The company’s site includes ne of the key supporters Mr. Carpenter donated one a two-story building containing of the Lincoln Motor Car of the most significant automo- Mr. Carpenter’s personal collec- O Foundation is Dennis biles in the Lincoln Motor Car tion of automobiles, scooters and Carpenter of Charlotte, North Heritage Museum—a prototype memorabilia, most of it related Carolina, whose business, of the Continental Mark II. to Ford Motor Company. (The Dennis Carpenter Ford When he learned that a Lincoln Mark II Continental prototype, Restoration Parts, celebrates museum was being built, he which he acquired in the 1990s, its 48th anniversary in 2018. told his good friend, Vaughn was part of that collection.) The company manufactures Koshkarian, an LMCF trustee, Mr. Carpenter’s parts busi- licensed quality restoration that he wanted the car in that ness grew out of his desire to parts for 1932-1972 Ford and museum. make a part he needed for his Mercury cars and 1932-1996 Dennis Carpenter Ford 1940 Ford. It didn’t take long to Ford pickups. He also makes Restoration Parts is located in discover that other car restorers reproduction parts for 1939- the heart of NASCAR country, were facing the same challenges, 1964 Ford tractors and Cushman in Concord, North Carolina, and the rest, as the saying goes, motor scooters. approximately 10 miles from is history. He ventured into

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creating molded and extruded rubber products, followed by metal shaping, die casting, plastic CONTINENTAL MARK II PROTOTYPE injection molding, die cutting and metal parts fabrication. The #9502 company also produces original style interior panels, headliners n Three Continental Mark II prototypes were built: #9500, and glove box liners. #9501 and #9502. The first two were hand-built, while The company’s extensive New the third car was the first car built on what became the Old Stock Parts Library contains Continental assembly line. original examples of Ford weath- erstripping and many other parts Car #9502 was taken on a long test trip, accompanied that serve as reference guides for by a 1955 Lincoln and a 1955 Cadillac. It was driven from producing a reproduction part. Dearborn to Kingman, Arizona, then back to Dearborn In 1998, Ford Motor through and Louisiana, which tested the car’s air condi- Company allowed Carpenter’s tioning, among other mechanical components. company use of the original Ford All three prototypes were to be scrapped following testing. factory tooling for many of their reproduction parts. The first two were crushed, but #9502 was given to Advanced Today, Mr. Carpenter’s son, Lincoln Engineering for driveline angle studies before crush- Daniel, owns the company, hav- ing. The president of Museum learned of the ing acquired it from his father in car’s existence, sent a request to William Clay Ford Sr., and the 2005, enabling Dennis Carpenter car was cleaned up and delivered to the museum. It remained to focus on his core strength of there until Harvey Firestone Jr. donated his Mark II to the developing new products and working with toll makers. Daniel museum. Amazingly, the museum chose to keep the Firestone Carpenter literally grew up in the car, and #9502 was sold to Elmer Rohn, a Ford engineer who business. At ten years old he was had worked closely on the Mark II project. It had 32,000 packing reproduction parts as miles on the odometer. He kept it until the 1990s, when it was well as assisting his father in his acquired by Dennis Carpenter. restoration work. Interestingly, Mr. Rohn compiled four typewritten pages Dennis Carpenter still works at of differences between #9502 and the production Mark II. the business every day. He notes that the knobs and weatherstrip- Today, it is on display in the Lincoln Motor Car Heritage ping he installed on his 1940 Museum in its original, unrestored condition. Ford in the 1970s are still good today.

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