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SAARK1 8 Size PRINT New:Layout 1 SAARC Culture Volume 1, 2010 Inaugural Issue: Rituals, Ethics and Societal Stability in the SAARC Region SAARC Cultural Centre Colombo General Editor Contents G.L.W. Samarasinghe, Director, SAARC Cultural Centre, Colombo. Executive Editor From the Editor’s Desk 1 Dr. Sanjay Garg, Deputy Director (Research), SAARC Cultural Centre, Colombo. New Approach to Ethics and Rituals for Societal Stability 3 Guest Editors Tissa Kariyawasam Prof. Sarath Amunugama,Vice Chancellor, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya (Sri Lanka). Asian Concepts and Practices of Mental Culture as an 13 Approach to Global Recovery through Mental Well-Being Archt. Nilan Cooray, Associate Member, Sri Lanka Institute of Architects and the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) Sumanapala Galmangoda (Sri Lanka Chapter); Chartered Architect and Heritage Conservation and Management Consultant. Parallels between the Solah Shringara in India and 26 the Nanumuraya in Sri Lanka Editorial Team Jayasena Kottagoda Soundarie David Rodrigo, Deputy Director (Programmes), SAARC Cultural Centre, Colombo. Rituals, Ethics and Societal Stability in the SAARC 42 Nirekha De Silva, Research Officer, SAARC Cultural Centre, Colombo. Region with Special Reference to Bangladesh Production Team Shikha Noor Munshi Proof Reading and Type Setting: Lishanthi Siriwardena Cover Design: Rajeev David An Overview of the Practice of Rituals and Ethics in 51 Printing: Print & Print Graphics (Pvt) Ltd., Colombo. Bhutan Yonten Dargye SAARC Culture, Volume 1, 2010 © SAARC Cultural Centre, Colombo, 2010 The SAARC Identity 76 All Rights Reserved. No material in this publication may be reproduced Ajeet Cour without the written permission of the publisher. ISSN: From Cultural and Linguistic Diversity to Ideological, 82 SAARC Culture is an annual research journal of the SAARC Cultural Ritualistic and Ethical Unity: the Pakistan Experience Centre, Colombo. It seeks to provide a platform to the academics, Mariam Saeed practitioners, policy makers and other stakeholders of various dimensions of culture of the South Asian region (including The Country Situation in using Ethics and Rituals from 95 Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Maldives, Pakistan and Sri Lanka) to present their research findings and to debate on issues Ancient Stages; Beliefs, Observances and Practices in of mutual and common interests. Sri Lanka Chandrasiri Palliyaguru Disclaimer: The views expressed and the information contained in the articles included in this journal is the sole responsibility of the author/s, and does not bear any liability on the SAARC Cultural Centre, Colombo. Fertility Rituals and Societal Stability among Sinhalese 107 From the Editor’s Desk Buddhists: An Exploratory Study Lakshman Dissanayake Culture embraces practically all aspects of our daily life – our food, dress, language, social customs, religious The Poruwa Ceremony of Sinhalese Buddhists as a 119 practices, entertainments – the list goes on. Each society Marriage Ritual and civilisation has its own distinctive cultural traits. It Jayantha Jayasiri is not only necessary to preserve our culture and cultural Rituals and Ethics in Sri Lankan Tradition 134 values, but it is equally important to strengthen them Nimal de Silva through our sustained and coordinated efforts. The role played by culture in bringing people closer is well- Social Organisation and Rituals in the Province of 146 recognised, and therefore, when the SAARC Cultural Sabaragamuwa Centre was established in Colombo in 2009 as a regional Sriyani Rajapakse centre for the South Asian region, it had a well-defined road-map - to ‘play a major role in further promoting Ritual, Myth and history: with special reference to the 157 relations and understanding among South Asian Ritual of “Mahasohonsamayama” countries.’ Anuruddhika Kumari Kularathna As a part of our academic endeavour in fulfilling Kotahalu Yaagaya: the Ritual Pertaining to Sinhalese 168 our goals, I am extremely pleased to place in your hands Puberty Rites in Sri Lanka the Inaugural Issue of our annual research journal – the Yasanjali Devika Jayatilleke SAARC Culture. Our Contributors 188 This Issue of the SAARC Culture presents fourteen SAARC Culture: Guidelines for the Contributors 195 papers by professionals from the SAARC region, that were presented at a three day Seminar on ‘Rituals, Ethics and Societal Stability’ that was held in Colombo, Sri Lanka from 23 to 25 September 2010, which also marked the first academic event organized by the SAARC Cultural Centre. These papers focus on many apects of the diverse cultural backgrounds of the countries of this region and highlight many of the positive effects of ethics and rituals, which are still a major part of the lives of the 2 people of South Asia, and the role played by these rituals, in the present day context. SAARC member states share common cultural affinities and respect each other’s distinct religious and New Approach to Ethics and Rituals for cultural identities. The region has a rich diversity in age- Societal Stability old traditions, indigenous knowledge, which has been passed down from generation to generation bringing Tissa Kariyawasm people together to live in peace and harmony. By Abstract celebrating the diversity in the region we hope to bring people together, strengthen social bonds and build A discussion based on the ethics and rituals for understanding and harmony. The papers included in this societal stability on par with the global perspective is issue underline the imperative need to find a strategic very opportune. After suffering the calamities of a terrorist war the Sri Lankan government is now approach to preserve ethics and rituals from the negative concentrating on a development programme. At this economic and social forces as we pay attention to the juncture can one assess the validity of the ethics in important aspects of ethics and rituals in its contribution the field of rituals? Sri Lanka is experiencing the to societal stability which will lead to the socio- forceful wave of globalisation on one hand and the economic development of SAARC member states. survival struggle of the traditional culture on the other. All religious rituals as well as social rituals We hope that this journal would be welcomed by need to follow certain ethics without which their the academia and, with the cooperation of all efficacy might be lost. Therefore, the policymakers stakeholders, it will succeed in carving out a niche for and the ritual experts need to understand the itself as a veritable reference tool for cultural studies on symbolic meaning of the rituals in order to fix them the South Asian region. I sincerely appeal to the all into the texture of the society. concerned that they may send us their contributions for A new approach to ethics and rituals for societal stability inclusion in this journal as well as favour us with their involve several factors in the present context. In Sri valuable comments to improve it further. Lanka, for example, after a protracted conflict spanning over three decades, the focus is now on economic G.L.W. Samarasinghe development. General Editor, SAARC Culture & Director, SAARC Cultural Centre, Colombo. The absence of a revivalist movement in the fields of culture, however, causes problems in adopting a new approach to ethics and rituals. Revitalisation of culture can be interpreted as a deliberate attempt at constructing 4 Tissa Kariyawasm SAARC Journal, Vol. 1: 2010 5 a more dynamic culture by some members of a society. non-industrial societies in South Asia, including Sri It is only through the acceptance of a new approach that Lanka, attempt to acquire the elements of the advanced we can achieve this objective. societies. Culture constitutes the religions, social structures Through the ages Sri Lankan culture has undergone and the intellectual and artistic manifestations that diverse transformations in many areas assimilating characterise a society. Therefore, in the modern context, features from other cultures. In this process, India has Sri Lankan government and policy-makers have to greatly influenced in shaping the contours of Sri Lankan prepare the groundwork for rapid modernisation on par culture. This is obvious in many aspects of traditional with the present global trends. Due to the open economic culture of the country; sculpture, architecture, policies and the humane approach to the economy by woodwork, crafts as well as dance traditions and folk various political leaders and their advisors, globalisation music. has been misinterpreted not only by scholars but also by the common man. This in turn, resulted in the creation of The remnants of the Anuradhapura and a myth that globalisation would bring about a Polonnaruwa kingdoms and the paintings of Sigiriya homogenous culture. Is it wishful thinking or a gross bear ample testimony to the Indian influence. According misunderstanding of the world at large? to the Kandyan ritualists, three Mala kings were invited As William A. Haviland (1989: 587) puts it,“the to the country in order to cure the illness caused by the peoples of the world are wearing the same kinds of DiviDosa on King Vijaya, the first Aryan ruler of the clothes, eating the same kinds of food, reading the same country during the fifth century BC. kind of literature, watching the same kinds of TV Most of the Buddhist religious and the folk rituals programmes, and listening to the same kind of music.” are in many ways akin to the cultures of other South To a great extent, this is valid for of Sri Lanka too. Asian and South East Asian countries. Though external trade contributes to the economy, it is the migratory labour force that earns much of its At the beginning of the sixteenth century, the foreign exchange. Seventy percent of the Sri Lankan Portuguese controlled the maritime provinces of the population uses mobile phones for communication. This country and introduced a new religion - Christianity, a is a new development in an emerging culture. new lifestyle and a host of other cultural aspects to Sri Multinational corporations surpass national boundaries. Lanka.
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