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Index Note: Page numbers in italics refer to figures and tables. 16R dune site, 36, 43, 440 Adittanallur, 484 Adivasi peoples see tribal peoples Abhaipur, 498 Adiyaman dynasty, 317 Achaemenid Empire, 278, 279 Afghanistan Acharyya, S.K., 81 in “Aryan invasion” hypothesis, 205 Acheulean industry see also Paleolithic era in history of agriculture, 128, 346 in Bangladesh, 406, 408 in human dispersals, 64 dating of, 33, 35, 38, 63 in isotope analysis of Harappan earliest discovery of, 72 migrants, 196 handaxes, 63, 72, 414, 441 skeletal remains found near, 483 in the Hunsgi and Baichbal valleys, 441–443 as source of raw materials, 132, 134 lack of evidence in northeastern India for, 45 Africa major sites of, 42, 62–63 cultigens from, 179, 347, 362–363, 370 in Nepal, 414 COPYRIGHTEDhominoid MATERIAL migrations to and from, 23, 24 in Pakistan, 415 Horn of, 65 related hominin finds, 73, 81, 82 human migrations from, 51–52 scholarship on, 43, 441 museums in, 471 Adam, 302, 334, 498 Paleolithic tools in, 40, 43 Adamgarh, 90, 101 research on stature in, 103 Addanki, 498 subsistence economies in, 348, 353 Adi Badri, 498 Agara Orathur, 498 Adichchanallur, 317, 498 Agartala, 407 Adilabad, 455 Agni Purana, 320 A Companion to South Asia in the Past, First Edition. Edited by Gwen Robbins Schug and Subhash R. Walimbe. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 0002649130.indd 534 2/17/2016 3:57:33 PM INDEX 535 Agra, 337 Ammapur, 414 agriculture see also millet; rice; sedentism; water Amreli district, 247, 325 management Amri, 130, 137, 210 beginnings in South Asia of, 128, 344–354 Amud Cave specimen, 61, 76 of the Deccan Chalcolithic, 247, 257 Anai, 333 and diet, 488–489 Anaikkaraipatti, 486 in Early Historic era, 316 analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, 111 of the Harappan civilization, 131, 139, 179 Ananda Vihara, 405 of the Iron Age megalithic culture, 305 Anarta, 137 irrigated, 365, 366, 368–370, 416 Anatolia, 65, 106 slash‐and‐burn, 348, 353 “Ancestral North Indians” (ANI), 213 in Sri Lanka, 429 “Ancestral South Indians” (ASI), 213 transition to, 103, 105, 117, 487, 488 Andaman Islanders, 51, 56, 77, 78, 82 Agripalli, 486, 498 Andaman Islands, 452 Ahar see also Ahar Culture; Deccan Chalcolithic Andes, 374 animal figurines from, 233 Andhra Pradesh clay seals at, 232 diet in, 368 copper items from, 229 difficulty of access, 44 as a Deccan Chalcolithic site, 240 Dube’s work in, 459 evidence of trade at, 231 Early Historic era in, 327 lithics and quartz items from, 230 IGRMS workshops in, 476, 477 pottery from, 226, 303 Murty’s work in, 440 spatial organization, 234 Neolithic–Chalcolithic communities, 301, 348 Ahar Culture Paleolithic finds in, 41, 42 architecture, 231–232 skeletal remains from, 498, 500, 502–503, burials and ritual practices, 232–234 505–509, 512–513, 515–516, 518, 520–522 as a Chalcolithic culture, 240 Andipatti Taluk, 314 defining, 226–227 Andrews, P., 24 subsistence economy, 229–231, 349 Andro, 478 trade network, 247 Angami people, 454 Ahichchhatra, 333 Angel, J.L., 108 Ahraura, 95 Anglo‐Saxon specimens, 111 Ahsan, S.M.K., 406 animism, 432 Ai Khanum, 333 Annapurna, 416 Aiṅkuṟunūṟu, 312, 313 Anthropological Society of Bombay, 451 Akanāṉūṟu, 312–314, 315, 316 Anthropological Survey of India (AnSI) Alagankulam, 317 and “Aryan invasion” hypothesis, 211 Alamgirpur, 210 collection of skeletal remains, 77, 78, 497 Alexander the Great, 277, 279 creation of, 452 Aligala rock shelter, 430 and post‐independence government, 457 Aligrama settlement site, 284, 285 study of skeletal remains, 484, 485, 491, 492 Allahabad district, 87, 95, 102, 104 anthropology, 450–462 see also genetic studies; Allahabad, University of, 87, 102, 107, humans, modern 485–486 colonial, 450–452, 454–455, 457, 462, 470, Allahdino, 438 483–484 Allchin, B., 210, 438, 439 as an instrument of development, 471 Allchin, F.R., 210, 438, 439, 443, 445–446 molecular, 51 Alt, K.W., 378, 417 and museums, 468, 473–474 Amawa, 94 paleo‐, 32–45, 81 Ambedkar, B.R., 206 subdisciplines of, 169 Ambrose, S.H., 39–40 Antichak, 499 Amilkoni, 499 Anuradhapura, 334, 430 Amirthamangalam, 498 Anyathian culture, 407 0002649130.indd 535 2/17/2016 3:57:33 PM 536 INDEX Apatani people, 454, 455 ashmounds, 348, 363, 443–446 Apegaon, 241, 242, 245, 251, 486, 499 Ashoka, 335, 420 Appukkal, 317 Ashokan pillar, 413, 420, 421 Arabian Peninsula, 45, 55, 64, 66, 332 Ashtadhyayi, 320 Arabo‐Persian Gulf, 138, 140, 257 Asiatic Society of Bengal, 72, 86, 437, 450, Arago specimen, 75, 76 466–467 Arakan Yomas, 402 Asokan edicts and inscriptions, 323, 327–328, Arakku Valley, 476 334–335 Aravalli Range, 42, 132, 193, 196, 227 Asouti, E., 345 Archaean formations, 442 Assam, 402, 407, 415, 416, 452, 476, 513 archaeobotanical evidence Assekenoi tribe, 277 of climate change, 139 astronomy, 303 in Harappan coffin wood, 160 Asur, 452 from Mesolithic era, 92 Aterian industry, 64 in Mustang Valley, 416 Atharvaveda, 490 petrified wood, 405–407 Atrai River, 402 of plant domestication, 179, 345, 363 Atranjikhera, 321, 333 in the Siwalik deposits, 19, 23 Attirampakkam, 33, 35, 63 in studies of diet, 182 Aufderheide, A.C., 108 Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) Australia, 61, 66 excavation of Jaugada, 323 Australian aboriginals, 54, 56 excavation of Tilaurakot, 419 Austro‐Asiatic language group, 218 Harappan excavations, 150 Awra, 326 and the IGRMS, 477 Ayer, A.A., 484 leadership, 207, 437 Ayodhya, 339 and museums, 470 Ayurvedic medicine, 490 official publication, 496 skeletal remains discovered by, 453, 483 Babai River, 414, 415 and treatment of skeletal remains, 492 Babington, J., 298 work in Nepal, 421 Babri Mosque, 410 work on megalithic sites, 301 Badaga Kajekaru, 499 work on Mesolithic era, 86 Baden‐Powell, Robert Baden‐Powell, Baron, Area G see also Harappan civilization 451, 456 chronology, 261 Baga, 95 evidence of malnutrition, 269 Baghai Khor, 87, 92, 93, 95, 499 evidence of trauma and disease, 172–173, Baghor II, 87, 89 177, 192, 233, 261–263, 265–266, 268 Bagor see also Ahar Culture excavation, 150–151 absence of animal figurines at, 234 phenotypic homogeneity, 488 burials at, 232–233 Argauta, 421 dating of sites at, 90 Argentina, 116 dietary evidence at, 92, 229 Arikamedu, 499 as a Mesolithic site, 101, 226 Arizona State University, 487 occupation profile, 227–228, 230–231 Arjun 3 site, 414 skeletal remains from, 486, 499 Armelagos, G.J., 117 V.N. Misra’s work in, 440 Arni, 302 Bahal, 241 Arthashastra, 320 Baichbal Valley, 63, 441–443 Arunachal Pradesh, 14 Baidha Putpurihwa, 87 “Aryan invasion” hypothesis Baiga people, 455 and Gandharan Grave Culture finds, Baijapalle, 500 276–279, 290 Bajaur Agency, 278 and preoccupation with race, 453, 484 Balakot, 130, 133 skeletal evidence against, 304, 489–490 Balambat settlement site, 277, 279 0002649130.indd 536 2/17/2016 3:57:33 PM INDEX 537 Balangoda people, 429, 433 Beattie, John, 470 Balathal see also Ahar Culture Bediya, 95 architecture, 231, 232 Beejakhara Museum, 478 burials at, 232, 500 behavioral modernity, 41, 61, 66 compared with Bagor, 226, 234 behavioral reconstruction copper artifacts from, 230 ankle flexion, 93, 106, 108–110 faunal evidence at, 229 entheseal changes, 106, 109–111, Balfour, Edward, 468 115–116, 118 Balijapalli, 486 of hominins and Southern Neolithic people, Balkans, 65 442–444 Balkhu, 414 of residence and mobility, 179–180 Baluchistan, 128–130, 132, 133, 218, 452 supratrochlear foramen, 109, 111, 115 Balu Nadi, 408 vascular impressions, 106–107, Balupur, 486, 500 109, 111 Bamburi 1, 35, 38 Behistun inscription, 278 Bamiyan, 339 Belabo, 409 Bamshad, M., 212 Belan Valley, 87, 89, 350 Bana, 416 Beli Lena Kitulgala, 102, 428, 486 Banahalli, 486, 500 Belkatari forest, 421 Banaras Hindu University, 87 Bellan‐bandi Palassa, 429 Banaras Institute, 451 Bengal, 324, 359, 402, 452 Banas Culture, 226 Bengali language, 402 Banas River, 227 Bengali Literary Society, 404 Banbhore, 333 Bengal Social Science Association, 451 Banerjee, N.R., 415–416, 418, 421, 423n.1 Berach River, 226, 227 Banerjee, R.D., 408 Bergen, University of, 415 Bangalar Itihas (Banerjee), 408 Bernhard, W., 280 Bangarh, 324 Bernor, R.L., 24 Bangladesh, 336, 401–410 Beteille, A., 455, 459 Bangladesh National Museum, 409 Bethune Society, 451 Banimilia‐Bahera, 500 Beveridge, H., 404 Banjarahi, 419 Bhabha, Homi K., 402 Banki, 87 Bhadahwan Pahar, 87 Barama settlement site, 284, 285 Bhadrabas, 413 Bara Mura, 408 Bhagimahari, 301, 302, 501 Bareli district, 92 Bhagwanpura, 210, 501 Bargarh, 94 Bhai, H.Y., 38 Barind Tract, 403 Bhainsore, 95 Barkhera, 90 Bhamaragad, 305 Barlang festival, 477 Bharhut, 323, 333 barrows, 298, 304 Bharuch Irani, A., 325 Barry, J.C., 22–23 Bhat, S.K., 17 Basant, P.K., 325 Bhau Daji Lad Museum, 468–469 Basantapur, 414 Bhavnagar, 138 Basham, Arthur Llewellyn, 454 Bhawanipur, 422 Bastar, 455 Bhawar, 304 Basu, A., 484 Bhediyari, 420–421 Basu, P.C., 484 Bhima River, 241, 244, 250 Basu, P.K., 81 Bhimbetka see also Paleolithic era; rock art Batadomba Lena, 34, 41, 102, 428, 486 excavations of, 33, 440 Bateshwar, 409 as a Mesolithic site, 101 bathymetry, 65 skeletal remains from, 486, 501 Bavikonda, 333 study of rock art at, 37, 43, 94 0002649130.indd 537 2/17/2016 3:57:33 PM 538 INDEX Bhitabang, 414 black‐and‐red ware see also pottery Bhogavo River, 138 graffiti and inscriptions on, 303, 328 Bhojpur district, 421 and megalithic culture, 302–303, 305, Bhopal, 72, 475, 477, 478 317, 318 Bhorgarh, 501 in Sri Lanka, 430 Bhowmick, Prabodh Kumar, 456, 460 ubiquity, 311 Bhubaneswar University, 455 white‐painted, 226–228, 233, 234, 242
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  • Biface Distributions and the Movius Line: a Southeast Asian Perspective

    Biface Distributions and the Movius Line: a Southeast Asian Perspective

    University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive) Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health 2012 Biface distributions and the Movius Line: A Southeast Asian perspective Adam Brumm University of Wollongong, [email protected] Mark W. Moore University of New England Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/scipapers Part of the Life Sciences Commons, Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons, and the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Brumm, Adam and Moore, Mark W.: Biface distributions and the Movius Line: A Southeast Asian perspective 2012, 32-46. https://ro.uow.edu.au/scipapers/4441 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] Biface distributions and the Movius Line: A Southeast Asian perspective Abstract The ‘Movius Line’ is the putative technological demarcation line mapping the easternmost geographical distribution of Acheulean bifacial tools. It is traditionally argued by proponents of the Movius Line that ‘true’ Acheulean bifaces, especially handaxes, are only found in abundance in Africa and western Eurasia, whereas in eastern Asia, in front of the ‘line’, these implements are rare or absent altogether. Here we argue, however, that the Movius Line relies on classifying undated surface bifaces as Acheulean on typological grounds alone, a long-standing and widely accepted practice in Africa and western Eurasia, but one that is not seen as legitimate in eastern Asian contexts. A review of the literature shows that bifaces are relatively common as surface finds in Southeast Asia and on this basis we argue that the Movius Line is in need of reassessment.