49334-001: Emergency Support for Chin State Livelihood Restoration

Home , Falam Township, Hakha Township, Mindat Township, Tedim, Tedim Township, Tonzang

Environmental and Social Monitoring Report

# Semi-Annual Report 4 December 2018

Myanmar: Emergency Support for Chin State Livelihood Restoration Project

Prepared by the Department of Rural Development through the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation for the Government of Myanmar and the Asian Development Bank. 1

This environmental and social monitoring report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. 2

Emergency Support for Chin State Livelihood Restoration Project (ESCSLRP)

Project Number: 9185-MYA

Environmental and Social Monitoring Report

Semi-Annual Monitoring Report (January - June 2018)

Table of Contents

LIST OF ACRONYMS ...... 3 I. INTRODUCTION ...... 4 1. Background ...... 4

2. Environmental Safeguard Monitoring ...... 6

3. Environmental Clearances ...... 6

4. Incorporation of Environmental and Social Management Plans into the Project

Contractual Arrangements ...... 7

5. Institutional Arrangement ...... 7

II. COMPLIANCE TO ENVIRONMENTAL/SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS REQUIREMENTS ...... 8 1. Status of Environmental and Social Management Plan Implementation ...... 8

2. Compliance to the Environmental and Social Management Plans for Output1 ...... 8

3. Compliance to the Environmental and Social Management Plans for Output 2 ...... 9

III. SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAFEGUARD MONITORING ...... 10 IV. KEY ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND MITIGATION MEASURES IMPLEMENTED ...... 10 1. Corrective actions on the previous non-conformances ...... 10

2. Complaints Received Related to the Implementation of the Environmental and Social

Management Plans ...... 11

V. CONCLUSION ...... 14 APPENDICES ...... 15

Appendices

A. Environmental and Social Management Plans for Output 1: Restored village access infrastructure with increased disaster resiliency B. Environmental and Social Management Plans for Output 2: Restored community infrastructure with increased disaster resiliency C. Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist - Roads D. Photo Log E. Project Location Map (Burmese language)

F. Environmental Clearance Correspondences (Burmese language)

LIST OF ACRONYMS

ADB – Asian Development Bank

AP – Affected Person

DRD – Department of Rural Development

EA – Executing Agency

ECD – Environmental Conservation Department

EIA – Environmental Impact Assessment

ESMP – Environmental and Social Management Plans

ESCSLRP - Emergency Support for Chin State Livelihood Restoration Project

ESS – Environmental and Social Screening

ESSF – Environment and Social Safeguard Framework

GIU – Grant Implementing Unit

GMU – Grant Management Unit

IEE – Initial Environmental Examination

JFPR – Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction

MLFRD – Ministry of Livestock Fisheries and Rural Development

MoALI – Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation

NPT – Nay Pyi Taw

PPE – Personal Protective Equipment

REGDF – Resettlement and Ethnic Groups Resettlement Framework

RP – Resettlement Plan

I. INTRODUCTION

1. Background Heavy rains caused floods and landslides in several parts of Myanmar during June 2015. On 30 July, cyclone Komen made a landfall in Bangladesh, bringing strong winds and additional heavy rains to Myanmar, which resulted in widespread flooding across 12 of the country’s 14 states and regions. The following day, on 31 July, the president declared Chin and Rakhine States as well as Magway and Sagaing Regions as a natural disaster zones. In Chin State, the monthly rainfall in July measured at a weather station in Hakha was equal to 1-in-1,000 year rainfall. The combination of heavy rainfall, strong winds, high soil saturation, and unstable soils in hilly areas caused widespread and devastating landslides particularly in Chin. Landslide destroyed a large part of the public goods assets needed to support rural livelihoods, most importantly the rural transport network that allows people to access markets for the sale and purchase of goods and to access services provided by both public and private sectors. Approximately 460 miles of rural roads require restoration in more than seven of Chin’s townships. These roads are generally earth construction, from four to 18 feet wide and categorized as village to village and village to town roads. In addition, the floods and landslides washed away many bridges and drainage structures to prevent road flooding. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) approved the from Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction (JFPR) funded $8.856 million project in April 2016 under Emergency Support for Chin State Livelihoods Restoration Programme (ESCSLRP). The JFPR was established in 2000 to provide grants for projects supporting poverty reduction and related social development activities that can add value to projects financed by ADB. UNOPS and the Government of Myanmar’s Department of Rural Development (DRD) signed an agreement on 2 November 2016 to restore the damaged roads and structures. The Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation (MoALI) and the DRD are the project customers. The project implementation period is from November 2016 to 31 October 2019. The Project comprises of two outputs as listed below:

Output 1: Restored village access infrastructure with increased disaster resiliency in Chin State’s mostly-affected townships of Tonzang, Tedim, Falam, Hakha, Htantlang, Mindat and Matupi (see Appendix E for map location)

Output 2: Restored community infrastructure, such as damaged water supply pipes ana electricity power supply with increased disaster resiliency in Chin State’s mostly-affected township of Tonzang, Tedim, Falam, Hakha, Htantlang,

Mindat and Matupi

Under the Output 1 - as of December 2017, landslide clearance work is 100% complete. Currently, the road repair/spot improvement work is in progress. The road repair work include spot filling on existing road surface, slab culverts, retaining walls, side drain and bio-engineering works in seven priority roads in seven townships in Chin State. The total length of the roads is 153.1 miles. The progress of the road repair work during the reporting period is shown in the table below:

Overall work progress As of 30 June 2018 Length of Road Repair /Spot Improvement % Time Lot No Township Road Works on Progress Elapsed (Miles) Lot 1 14.0 31% 67% Kyaw Htee Yar- Ze' Phile Road Htantalang Lot 2 13.85 6% 67%

Falam-Lailun-Relsing-Khuangli Road Falam 14.0 30% 67%

Pimpih-Khaikam Road Tedim 10.0 25% 67%

Lot 1 11.0 14% 57% Arm Sui-Maa Duu-WaiLuu Road Matupi Lot 2 11.0 16% 57%

Zampe Junction-Zampe-Ling Thuk- Lot 1 13.5 5% 50% Tonzang Haicin-Tulkhing Road Lot 2 13.5 30% 50%

Lot 1 15.3 3% 38% Shih-Tweli-Doh-Hliah Ring-Thaing Lot 2 Mindat 15.3 3% 38% Nuu-Ma Gwe Ing Nuu Road Lot 3 15.4 40% 50% Hakha-Cinkhua Junction Road (6.25 Hakha 6.25 30% 33% miles)

Total 153.1 19% 53%

5 Under the Output 2 - As of 30 June 2018, the progress on the restoration of damaged water supply pipes and electricity power supply (micro-hydropower) schemes based on revised list of villages is given below:

Townships No of Damaged Total Completed Remaining Remarks Schemes (No) Tonzang, Tedim, Damaged Water 44 8 36 16 - through DRD budget Falam, Hakha, Supply Pipes and in 2018/19. Htantlang, Schemes 20 through project Mindat and (Revised list) budget Matupi Tonzang, Tedim, Damaged Electricity 25 1 24 10 through DRD budget Falam, Hakha, Power Supply and in 2018/19. Htantlang, Schemes (micro- 14 through project Mindat and hydropower) – budget within 2018/19 Matupi Revised List Total 69 9 60

2. Environmental Safeguard Monitoring

Emergency Support for Chin State Livelihood Restoration Project (ESCSLRP) was classified as an Environment Category B project under the ADB policy, as explained below. For ADB, the project is classified category B for Environment. As this project is emergency assistance, an environmental assessment and review framework (EARF), has been prepared in accordance with ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) and government laws and regulations. Subproject selection criteria have been formulated to avoid significant adverse environmental impacts. Subprojects that have potential to cause significant irreversible, diverse or unprecedented adverse environmental impacts (Category A under ADB SPS (2009)) are not eligible for funding under the Grant. All subprojects will be screened. Subprojects will be categorized either B or C. For category B projects, initial environmental examinations and environmental management plans (EMPs) will be prepared. EMPs will be incorporated in bidding documents and contract documents to be implemented by contractors and monitored by the implementing agencies. Following the UNOPS guidelines, all sub-projects under the project were screened for environmental and social impacts; followed by Environmental Review and then Environmental and Social Management Plans (ESMP) were prepared for each subproject before the tendering. The ESMP contain typical road repair and construction related measures that cover impacts on air quality from the unpaved road travel and emissions from equipment, water quality deterioration from camp operation, land clearing, occupational and community health and safety, among others.

3. Environmental Clearances

During the ADB mission from 27 November to 1 December 2017, the UNOPS team, DRD

and Mr. Neil Neate, Technical Advisor from ADB met with Mr. Myo Win, Assistant Director, and Environmental Conservation Department (ECD), Hakha to brief about the project activities regarding Environmental and Social Screening (ESS) for each sub-projects of landslide clearance work.

The ESMP for six priority roads and additional roads were submitted to DRD Hakha on 28 December 2017. DRD further submitted the ESMP to ECD in Hakha for review, advice and suggestion. Similarly, ESMP for Hakha Township was submitted for review to the State Director DRD Hakha on 3 May 2018 with a request to get the clearance from ECD, Hakha. The ESMP form integral parts of the contracts for all priority roads.

Recently, there was a discussion with State Director and Deputy Director DRD Hakha the State ECD responded to DRD Hakha that this project should be dealt from ECD Nay Pyi Taw (NPT) Level. DRD at Union Level has already submitted EMPs for approval to ECD NPT Level (Please refer to Appendix F) on 20th April 2018. The DRD is awaiting approval from ECD NPT. The EMPs are being implemented and monitored at sites. Any comments / revision advised from ECD, will be addressed and included in the revised ESMP and implemented further accordingly.

4. Incorporation of Environmental and Social Management Plans into the Project Contractual Arrangements

The ESMP were integrated in the civil works contract. The contractors were made aware of this obligation and their safeguard performance during the construction will was supervised and monitored by UNOPS’ project manager with support of the UNOPS project engineers.

The environment and social impacts of the projects were identified in the Environment and Social Safeguard Framework (ESSF) and the mitigation measures of these impacts have been addressed through ESMP. The protection and enhancement of human-wellbeing is a common demonstrator for both government and donors systems and contributed to the ultimate goal of sustainable development.

DRD and UNOPS conducted a meeting with local authorities in the project area to create a sense of social, environmental and safety awareness within all construction activities. During the meeting, the grievance mechanism was also introduced to local communities living along the road project.

5. Institutional Arrangement

The DRD with the Ministry of Livestock Fisheries and Rural Development (MLFRD) is the executing agency (EA) and implementing agency for the project. DRD has established a grant management unit (GMU) at the DRD in Nay Pyi Taw.

The GMU is responsible for the project’s overall management and coordination. A project director and a deputy project director/project manager who are responsible for management and supervision of the activities head the GMU. The GMU is supported by

procurement, finance, communication, gender, safeguard and other specialists as indicated in the organogram.

A grant implementing unit (GIU) has been established at Hakha in Chin State. Seven sub-GIUs were also established at the respective DRD township offices to coordinate and supervise the sub-project activities at the township level. The GIU is also supported by procurement, finance, communication, gender, safeguards and other specialists as indicated in the organogram.

The sub-GIUs have been established at respective townships headed by project manager and supported by safeguard and monitoring & evaluation specialists. UNOPS represents at all levels of grant implementation at NPT, Hakha and at the respective townships.

II. COMPLIANCE TO ENVIRONMENTAL/SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS REQUIREMENTS

The DRD is able to sustain its compliance to the environmental provisions of the ESCSLRP grant covenant. Both, general and specific ESMP form parts of the bidding documents and civil works contracts. The DRD is implementing the mitigation measures in accordance with the Government of Myanmar and ADB environmental policies and submitting timely semi-annual reports.

ADB categorized the ESCSLRP project as Category B and during the screening process following environmental issues were identified:

I) Localized issues of air pollution from vehicle and machinery exhaust, including dust and smoke during construction; II) Disturbance of river and stream ecology from construction of bridges and other drainage structures; III) Removal of vegetation and forest coverage; IV) Disturbance and damage to wildlife habitat and illegal quarrying, hunting, fishing, cutting trees etc.; V) Waste disposal causing scarring of landscape and destruction of vegetation; VI) Social issues such as noise and disturbance to nearby settlements, disputes, spread of diseases, and pollution of drinking water sources etc.; VII) Cut slopes and landslide areas.

1. Status of Environmental and Social Management Plan Implementation

ESMP were implemented in all works contracts for landslide clearance in seven townships as mentioned above and were monitored on a regular basis by the project engineers from DRD, UNOPS and contractors.

2. Compliance to the Environmental and Social Management Plans for

Output1

As mentioned, the ESMP contain environmental measures that are applicable to all seven priority roads. Also, these ESMP provide measures to protect air and water qualities, avoid damages to soil, preservation of forest resources including wildlife, good practices in construction camp management, liabilities of contractor in damaging local infrastructure, and operating procedure in cases of chance archeological findings.

Overall, of the 288 mitigation measures prescribed in the ESMP, ESCSLRP achieved 87% compliance rate (see table below). Partial compliance was achieved in 36 items. A summary of ESMP Implementation by Road Segment is given below. Appendix A presents the details of ESMP implementation under this output.

Total No. % Township Road Segment Name Mitigation Compliance Performance Compliance Measure excl. N/A Prescribed Yes Partial No Not in ESMP Applicable (N/A) TONZANG Zampe Junction-Zampe- 48 38 8 - 2 87% Ling Thuk-Haicin- Tullkhing TEDIM Canadi-Tuisauh-Pimpih- 24 19 4 - 1 87% Khaikam MINDAT Shih-Twele-Doh-Hliah 72 57 12 - 3 87% Ring-Thaing Nuu-Ma Gwe Ing Nuu MATUPI Arm Sui-Maa Duu- 48 38 8 - 2 87% WaiLuu Road HTANGLANG Zephile-Kyaung Htee 24 38 8 - 2 87% Yar HAKHA Ha Kha-Khwa Be 24 19 4 - 1 87% FALAM Falam-Lailun-Relsing- 24 19 4 - 1 87% Khuangli TOTAL 288 228 48 0 12 87%

3. Compliance to the Environmental and Social Management Plans for Output 2

As mentioned, the ESMP contains environmental measures that are applicable to all installation and rehabilitation of pipelines from natural springs, solar panels and charge station. This ESMP provides measures to apply to protect the structures and avoid damages. The communities in different townships are implementing the activities under this output.

Overall, of the seven mitigation measures prescribed in the ESMP the work carried out by the communities do not pose any environmental threats and there is no

specific or general ESMP, as shown below. Appendix B presents the details of ESMP implementation under this output:

Total No. % Township Name Scheme Mitigation Compliance Performance Compliance Measure ex Not Prescribed Yes Partial No Not Applicable ‐ in ESMP Applicable Tonzang, Damaged water 6 - - - - Done Tedim, supply pipes and through Falam, schemes community Hakha, Damaged electricity 1 - - - - Done Htantlang, power supply and through Mindat and schemes (micro- community Matupi hydropower)

TOTAL 7 - - - - -

III. SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAFEGUARD MONITORING

Inspections were conducted using an agreed-upon checklist covering the aspects of regulatory compliance and mitigation measure implementation. The inspections were led by Project Manager/ Project Engineer supported by environment focal persons. These on-site inspections focused on active construction fronts and construction camps. Road side interviews with the site engineers, workers, and residents were conducted to validate reports, while a facility walk through the campsite allowed monitoring of occupational health, safety and related mitigation measures. Finally, contractor records were reviewed to confirm site findings.

In general, if there are any issues, complaints and matters related to the impact of the projects, these matters will be informed to the DRD State Office but so far, no complaints and grievance have been reported from the community or any other stakeholders.

The ESCSLRP has been implementing the output 1 and output 2 activities in an existing road alignments and also the community infrastructures locations, there is less chance to have social issues of resettlement and also the case of Land Acquisition. The project has not found any issues of Resettlement and Land Acquisition till to date.

During the reporting period from January – June 2018, no complaints were received by the GIU and sub-GIUs offices related to the impacts of road repair /spot improvement works in seven townships.

IV. KEY ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND MITIGATION MEASURES IMPLEMENTED 1. Corrective actions on the previous non-conformances

During the reporting period from January to June 2018, several outstanding non- conformances were resolved and these are: I) Damaged Water supply pipelines at sites are being restored by construction companies and communities at respective townships. II) The construction debris and boulders in private land and public places were removed in all the roads. This corrective action will be continued till the project completed road repair works. III) The previously constructed boulders barrier to retain the spillage of excavated materials along the Kui Lei riverbank (near Khaikam town, see Appendix D for map location) was damaged by recent floods. These will be further observed during this rainy season. If required, the barriers will be restored again. However, a sustainable solution will include a detailed study, which was recommended to DRD. IV) A health awareness campaign was conducted to the workers and staff within project vicinity. Continued non-conformances were noted on the lack of personal protective equipment (PPEs). Corrective actions will be continued until the project is completed. V) All contractors are from the Chin State with very limited skilled personnel and resources and capacities, the contractors have less site management skills such as traffic managements and construction sequences techniques, DRD/UNOPS staffs advise them for improvement during their site supervision.

2. Social Complaints Received Related to the Implementation of the Environmental and Social Management Plans

During the reporting period from Jan – June 2018, no complaints were received by the GIU and sub-GIUs offices related to the negative impacts of road repair works carried out on 7 priority roads in seven townships. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

Grievance redress mechanism is an integral part of the project’s monitoring and information system. It aims to ensure that feedback is received, that the voices from the poor and marginalized groups are heard, and that the issues raised are resolved effectively and expeditiously. A practical grievance redress mechanism (GRM) has been established as part of the project’s implementation framework. The GRM operates at township (in the GIUs) and at Union levels (in the GMU) to handle any grievance arising from the Project

In general, if there are any issues, complaints and matters related to the impact of the projects, these matters will be informed to the DRD Township, then State Office but so far, no complaints and grievance have been reported from the community or any other stakeholders.

has not found any issues of Resettlement and Land Acquisition till to date.

The table below lists the potential impacts (Positive and negative) of the project on EGs.

Project Outputs Anticipated Anticipated Negative Positive Effects Comments/ Remarks Effects Output 1: Men and If modalities for Some men and women Village to women of consultation and were engaged for landslides village and working age participation during clearance works because village to town from disaster- project preparation and most of the sites machines rural access affected subsequent were used during the implementation are not reporting period. roads and communities EG sensitive, the following associated and may occur: bridges surrounding - Subprojects may not repaired or villages will meet or match the restored earn cash post-disaster needs of incomes from the affected EG being communities employed on - Lack or low roads/bridges participation of the repair works community, Disaster- particularly women. Villagers regained access affected Consultation with and again after landslides communities participation of EGs will clearance works ( 65 roads will regain be done at initiation of were cleared) access to goods subproject preparation using a gender-and and services culturally sensitive Disaster- Villagers got access to approach. Informal affected goods, market and services. and formal leaders of

communities EGs will be engaged to will regain help facilitate the access to discussions. markets to sell On contracted works, their surplus members of disaster produce affected villages may lose Disaster- out on employment Affected villagers and affected opportunities to non-local households restored their villages and laborers recruited or previous livelihood activities households will brought in by contractors. such as farming , selling be able to To mitigate this, contracts garden products etc restore their will require employment previous of local labor from livelihood

activities or disaster-affected restart new communities particularly livelihood for unskilled jobs. sources in the villages they are relocated to Output 2: Men and Most of men and some of Community women of women were engaged in infrastructure working age the repair/ restoration and livelihood from disaster- works for output 2. assets repaired affected or restored communities and surrounding

villages will earn cash incomes through employment in repair works Disaster- After restoration villagers affected got their water supply and villages and electricity system. households will be able to restore their previous livelihood activities or restart new livelihood sources in the villages they are relocated to Output 3: Men and Once the assets have NA Asset women in Chin been repaired or resilience and communities restored, EGs’ general disaster will be trained interest in other Project preparedness on community- activities may wane. based disaster Village leaders (formal increased risk and informal) will be management engaged to assist with Chin provision of community NA communities training. will be trained Participation of women

to operate and will be encouraged. maintain community infrastructure and livelihood assets properly

During the reporting period from Jan to Jun 2018, no complaints were received by the GIU and sub-GIUs offices related to the impacts of road repairs/spot improvement works on 7 priority roads in 7 townships.

V. CONCLUSION

This ESCSLRPs semi-annual monitoring report to be prepared is the requirement as per the ADB SPS 2009 for environmental Category B projects. There are twelve separate contract packages under this project and all contract packages are in progress.

Overall, the project showed high level of compliance to the ESMP achieving 87%. Health and safety awareness trainings are being conducted and no major health and safety issues were reported. During the implementation stage the construction companies will implement Bio-engineering works for reinstate hillside slope stability and embankment in the selected seven priority roads.

Currently, the EMPs are being implemented and monitored as the works are in progress in all sites.

APPENDICES

Appendix A- ESMP Output 1: Restored village access infrastructure with increased disaster resiliency

Sl Mitigation Measures Compliance Comments/Reasons for Issues for further action attained Partial or Non Compliance and target date (Yes, No, Partial, NA)

Landscape & visual impact

1 Removal of landslides (provisioned in the Yes Minimized the cutting and Complied. BoQs as unforeseen) spot filling/ cutting widening for roadside drain on hill sides/ valley sides. May increase soil erosion; damage the All measures have been Some bio-engineering beauty of the landscape: complied. techniques will be applied  Avoid excessive cutting and to stabilize the roadside filling; dump landslides, debris slopes and tipping areas materials in a designated places. wherever necessary as Minimize widening works. these are already provisioned in the BoQ and within the allocated budget.

2 Remove construction debris Partial Debris are being dumped at Complied and continue till designated areas, except in project completes steep slope, especially for foundation of structures on valley side.

3 Impose traffic controls to reduce public Yes From time to time, the road Informed public about the exposures is open for road users at timing of the work. different locations.

Ecology (habitats, flora and fauna)

4 Use of timber materials/ soil/ stones: Yes Contractors were Except a few small trees  Cutting trees by timber encouraged to buy timbers for Lot 3 in Mindat suppliers, extract materials from from legally registered Township, no cutting of selected borrow pits only with timber suppliers, trees required at site. quality and sufficient quantities. Use surplus soil or use only More trees will be planted approved borrows pits. after completion of works Archaeology and cultural heritage in the locations.

5 Road Alignment: N/A No archaeological sites N/A  Avoid road alignment through found along all seven important archeological and priority roads. The existing cultural heritage sites and roads pass through the places. villages. No extension of length of road is required. Air quality (emissions and indoor and outdoor air quality)

6. Use and operation of generators, construction equipment, machinery Minor maintenances are Continue till end of and vehicles: Yes done at construction area project.  Regular maintenance of all (workshop) and the major machinery, equipment and maintenances are done vehicles; at the nearest towns.  Procure generators with less emission.

Water (usage, discharges and risk of floods) 7 Use of water at construction sites and camps. Flooding dues to Contractors were advised nearby/neighbor streams/rivers to find separate water  Avoid use of construction water Yes source and reduce from the same source the local conflicts of water with Use the data, communities use local communities. information etc for further appropriate  Avoid camp flooding during rainy Yes Monitor and record the solution if damages season available data occur. Contamination

8 Operation of camp, equipment storage, repair and fuel depots Septic tanks located at a  Construct septic tanks and soak pits Yes distance of 30m or more Complied with appropriate distance to water from underground water sources Proper disposal of human sources, like boreholes or wastes during construction hand dug wells.  Install secondary containment around fuel tanks and at fueling stations. Yes Waste from camps is  Prevent oil and fuel spills, control disposed in pits within the Time to time, all runoff from contaminated areas designated areas. contractor staffs are continuously reminded Yes The waste from and trained to manage workshops and fuel tanks leakage of fuel and are taken into account. lubricants at site and will continue until project completes. Energy (usage, source, cost etc)

9 Machine Yes Due to nature of terrain Complied where  Use labors wherever possible such combination of both possible. as cleaning of existing drains, bio- machine and work force engineering works and collection of were used. stone, sands etc Some source of sand, stones and aggregates are far, hence dump trucks are being used. Materials (quantity and type used)

10. Use of sand, aggregate, stones timber products, gravel, soil from legal sources Contractor has obtained Mitigation measures and avoid resource depletion and Yes the approved clearance complied. degradation: and permit from the  Encourage contractor to buy from relevant agencies for the legally registered and environmental material surface friendly suppliers. collection of boulders and  Avoid extraction of excess materials also other supplies are and disposal of construction from the licensed materials suppliers/ traders.

Waste management 11 Disposal of solid wastes generated by Partial Sorting wastes by category Some contractors did not the camp and left over of construction: before disposal e.g. bio- fully comply, but will  Avoid contamination due to degradable wastes such as improve in next reporting improper disposal of solid wastes remains of food and non- period. generated by the camp and bio-degradable wastes such construction as plastic water bottles are collected in separate collection bins

Provided waste collection bins which should be All contractor staff are regularly emptied in a continuously reminded designated dumpsite. and trained to manage waste and its proper Disposal of wastes in disposal at site. approved disposal pits and recyclable materials to be recycled and organic wastes to be composted in a regular interval. Nuisance (noise, dust vibration etc.)

12 Use of generator and concrete mixer, Yes Activities with intensive heavy earth moving machines during noise were undertaken the construction: during least disruptive  Minimize noise pollution from times. generators and mixers disrupt nearby community, public places Consultation was done with such as school, hospitals and to the local communities and workers. their acceptance was sought.

Transport (transport / traffic plans) Movement of equipment and traffic Yes Traffic control measures Complied management and management was put  Impose traffic control measures in place at each working site during movement of construction in consultation with village machines and transportation of head/local communities. construction materials.

Social Issues 13 During the construction, road will be Yes First provided space for free Complied. closed at certain frequent interval. flow of traffic at structures

 Minimum road traffic and construction, manage traffic

disturbance to the community day control at each location today activities during road works Job Opportunity Yes  Avoid conflicts for job opportunities Maximum local labor Maximum available women labors about 13- between local community and including women workers 15% are being engaged labors from other areas Yes with equal pay for similar during construction. Employment opportunities. types of jobs were A few cases were found employed by the with less pay to women Small Scale business at site contractors. compared to men, but it was resolved at site.  Increase road safety due to improved road infrastructure. No Action Required

Economic Opportunity 14 Income source Yes Contractors were from the Complied.  Generate income to material/ local regions ; and they used

equipment suppliers and local local suppliers and local communities labor

Job opportunity Small scale business at site

 Improvement in livelihoods and local economies Labor Right during Construction. 15 Employment of labor Yes Labors are provided with  Provide laborers and others resident all the necessary logistics Contractor to provide all at the site lodging in a camp setting and hygienic and sanitary the necessary items outside of any danger zone, food facilities at their work throughout the service facilities, safe drinking water, camps and mobile camps construction phase. adequate washing and bathing too. facilities for maintaining personal hygiene, and access to health care.

16 Employment of labor: safety Yes All the safety gadgets are  Provide adequate protective gear, provided to every worker Compliedd maintain equipment, and train at site and they are made workers to be skilled in their jobs; to use the safety gadgets record accident frequency, apply during construction corrective measures. hours. 17 Set up of construction camps. Yes  Camp facilities should be located at Labor camps and site a distance from nearby offices are located far Complied. communities. from the communities.  Provide sanitary facilities (dry pit or Waste from camps is pour flush latrines) for workers disposed in pits within the Bio-Engineering works designated areas.

18 Stabilize cut slopes/ unstable slopes/ The favorable season for In Aug to Nov, Bio- tipping sites major bio-engineering items engineering works will be  Plantation, brush layering Partial implemented  Boulder barrier/live check dams starts in June. The  Provide timber crib walls construction works is in  Provide French drains progress.

Appendix B - EMP - Output 2: Restored community infrastructure with increased disaster resiliency

Sl Mitigation Measures Compliance Comments/Reasons for Partial or Issues for further attained Non Compliance action and target (Yes, No, date Partial, NA) Installation/ Rehabilitation of pipelines from natural springs 1 Preventing contamination at water sources: Partial

Structures are built with roof Complied being I) Build a structure with roof cover to prevent leaves and debris implemented through over the water source to entering in to the basin community, improved prevent leaves or other in next dry season debris from contaminating Fences were provided by the works the basin. community II) A fence is needed to protect the water

sources (springs particularly) from

public access and risk of

contamination. Sand/gravel filters were provided to trap sediment III) The sand/gravel filter traps sediment

before the spring flow enters the collection chamber and has to be changed during periodical maintenance.

2 Partial Pipe Laying:

All PVC pipes are buried 50cm under Complied being I) PVC water transmission and ground implemented through distribution piping need to be buried community, improved underground (coverage 50cm in next dry season minimum) to prevent pipe against works external damage (e.g. passing vehicles, solar UV radiation, etc.). II) When conditions do not allow pipes to be buried (i.e. pipe is used above ground), then metal pipe must be used, and supported/braced as excessive movement may lead to leaks Where ever possible metal pipes and breaks. were used III) Outlet pipes and fittings from water storage/basin shall not be PVC pipe due to exposure to solar UV/sunlight. Metal piping and fittings are preferred

Rural Electrification 3 Solar Panels and Charge Station Yes Shed has been provided for the I) Provide a shed for genet invertor and batteries. (distributed electrical generator Complied being charge station system) or pumps implemented through that are accessible for easy community, improved maintenance as regular in next dry season maintenance is important to avoid works spillage/contamination of (diesel/petrol/oil).

Appendix C Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist - Roads

Subproject Title : Emergency Support for Chin State Livelihood Restoration

Location: Chin State, Hakha

Screening Questions Yes No Remarks A. PROJECT SITING IS THE PROJECT AREA ADJACENT TO OR WITHIN ANY OF THE FOLLOWING ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS?  CULTURAL HERITAGE SITE X

 PROTECTED AREA X

 WETLAND X

 MANGROVE X Existing road does not affect Mangroves.  ESTUARINE X Road passes and crosses estuarine.

 BUFFER ZONE OF PROTECTED AREA X

 SPECIAL AREA FOR PROTECTING BIODIVERSITY X

B. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS WILL THE PROJECT CAUSE…

 encroachment on historical/cultural areas; disfiguration of X landscape by road embankments, cuts, fills, and quarries?

 encroachment on precious ecology (e.g. sensitive or X protected areas)?

 alteration of surface water hydrology of waterways X Some material may unintentionally crossed by roads, resulting in increased sediment in fall in the river (minor spillage) streams affected by increased soil erosion at construction site?  deterioration of surface water quality due to silt runoff and X sanitary wastes from worker-based camps and chemicals used in construction?  increased local air pollution due to rock crushing, cutting and X Air pollution due to use of heavy filling works, and chemicals from asphalt processing? machines.

 risks and vulnerabilities related to occupational health and X Working with heavy machines and in safety due to physical, chemical, biological, and radiological difficult areas always includes risks. hazards during project construction and operation during project construction and operation?  noise and vibration due to blasting and other civil works? X Construction works always include noise and vibration. Screening Questions Yes No Remarks  dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people? X

 dislocation and compulsory resettlement of people living in right-of-way? X  disproportionate impacts on the poor, women and children, X Indigenous Peoples or other vulnerable groups?

 other social concerns relating to inconveniences in living X conditions in the project areas that may trigger cases of upper respiratory problems and stress?  hazardous driving conditions where construction interferes X with pre-existing roads?

 poor sanitation and solid waste disposal in construction X camps and work sites, and possible transmission of communicable diseases (such as STI's and HIV/AIDS) from workers to local populations?  creation of temporary breeding habitats for diseases such as X those transmitted by mosquitoes and rodents?

 accident risks associated with increased vehicular traffic, X leading to accidental spills of toxic materials?

 increased noise and air pollution resulting from traffic X volume?

 increased risk of water pollution from oil, grease and fuel X spills, and other materials from vehicles using the road?

 social conflicts if workers from other regions or countries are X Not reported yet. hired?

 large population influx during project construction and X operation that causes increased burden on social infrastructure and services (such as water supply and sanitation systems)?  risks to community health and safety due to the transport, X No but there is a small risk. storage, and use and/or disposal of materials such as explosives, fuel and other chemicals during construction and operation?  community safety risks due to both accidental and natural X Properly designed structure and safely causes, especially where the structural elements or construction sites have very little risk of components of the project are accessible to members of the affected community or where their failure could result in affecting local communities. injury to the community throughout project construction, operation and decommissioning.

Appendix D- Photo Log

Construction works( Retaining Walls and Culverts ) in progress on Hakha – Cinkhua Junction, Hakha Township, Chin State

Construction activities on Khaikam- Pimpih Road, Tedim Township, Chin State

Culvert construction in progress on Kyaw Htee Yar-Ze’phile Road, Htantlang Township, Chin State

Preparation of pre-cast works for deck slabs, Km posts, Delineator posts and Roadside Drains on Shih- Tweeli-Doh-Hlia Ring- Thaing Nuu- Ma-Gwe Ing Nuu Road, Mindat Township, Chin State

Retaining walls construction in progress on Falam –Lailun-Relsing-Khuangli Road , Falam Township, Chin State

Stakeholder meeting at Nay Pyi Taw and Hakha

Appendix-E: Location Maps of Seven Priority Roads in 7 Townships

Appendix F – EMP Clearance letter

Letter from DRD State to ECD State

Letter from DRD HQ to NCD HQ