Explorer 12 Magnetometer Records 16 August, 1961-6

EXPLORER 12 MAGNETOMETER RECORDS

16 AUGUST, 1961-6 DECEMBER, 1961

Robert S. Hyde and Laurence J. Cahill, Jr.

Supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Grants NsG-33.-60 and NsG-624 and Contract NASw-155 and by the Air Force under Contract AF29(601)-4618. Explorer 12 Magnetometer Records 16 August, 1961 - 6 December, 1961

Robert S. Hyde and Laurence J. Cahill, Jr.

This set of records was prepared in the Physics

Department of the University of New Hampshire between

August 1962 and August 1966. The data from which these records were made were provided by the NASA Goddard Space

Flight Center, in digital form, on magnetic tapes. The data tapes contained magnetic field measurements from a three-component Schonstedt Instrument Company fluxgate magnetometer, the time of the measurements, and several other useful related measurements. Each sensor had a nominal range of ± i000 gammas in measurement of the magnetic field component along its sensitive axis. One sensor, the Z sensor, was aligned approximately (within 2 ° ) with the spin axis of the satellite throughout the flight.

The spin rate was approximately 30 rpm. The other two sensors, X and Y, were orthogonal to the first sensor and to each other. Each sensor was sampled in sequence X, Y,

Z during a 50-millisecond interval, and the sample rate was

three times each second. During ground processing the analog magnetometer signals were digitized with an effective digitization channel width of 24 gammas. Each component measurement had an uncertainty due to digitization of ± 12 gammas, as well as other errors due to possible changes

in preflight calibration. The other errors have been /

•

discussed in several papers on the Explorer 12 magnetometer

data. These papers are listed in the bibliography.

The X, Y, Z measurements were used to compute

i B = / X2+y2+z2 , _ = tan -i / x2+y 2 /Z and

= _0 + _At + tan -I Y/X (where _ is spin angular velocity

At is time between measurement and "see-sun" time and _0

angle between sun sensor and x sensor, Figure i). In an

average of several individual measurements, the digitization

error, if random, may be reduced. The data points shown in

these records are averages of 32 individual computed values

(occasionally 16 values) of B, a and _. One data point was

computed every 500 km in radial distance. The time interval

between points varies from a few minutes near 5 R to an e

hour near apogee. The records have served as an initial

survey of the Explorer 12 data, have aided in selection of

periods for more intensive study,!and have provided material I for several papers listed in the bibliography. _he records

have been useful in determining the location of the magnetosphere

boundary; the distortion of the field inside the magnetosphere

and the general level of low frequency (<0.001 cps) magnetic

fluctuations in the magnetosphere. They have not been adequate

for detailed studies of the magnetopause, for studies of low

amplitude fluctuations in the magnetosphere or for any studies

of the transition region.

The measured values B, _, _ shown here were plotted by

hand at the appropriate geocentric radial distances specified

on a "Master Orbit" magnetic tape also provided by GSFC. 3.

Data below 5 Re were not plotted because the magnitude increases rapidly and the field distortion becomes imperceptible on the scale of these records. The vertical scale for B is in gammas and the scales for _ and _ in degrees. The approximate time and magnetic latitude of a measurement may be obtained from the auxiliary Universal

Time and latitude scales at the top of each record.

The predicted field B, e, and 4, according to the

Jensen and Cain, 1962, reference field, was computed from information provided on the Master Orbit tape on the assumption that the spin axis direction was 47 ° Right

Ascension and -27.5 ° Declination in celestial coordinates.

Since the processing and plotting of these data

several errors have been noted in the original plots. In

late 1965 facilities became available at UNH for computer processing (IBM 1620) and automatic plotting (Cal Comb) of magnetic tape data. We have reprocessed the Explorer 12

data and have prepared automatic plots of B, _, _ once

every five minutes. The original records have been compared

to these more recently plotted records and corrections have

been made where necessary. In addition, a careful check of

time, magnetic latitude and predicted field has been made.

A number of errors may still remain in these records, but

they are useful in showing the general characteristics of

the outer magnetosphere and its boundary in the fall of 1961. Acknowledgments

The laboratory in which this experiment was planned

and tested was equipped with support under NASA Grant NSG-33-60

8 and Air Force Contract AF29(601)-4618. The work on the flight

instruments was supported by NASA Contract NASw-155 and the

data analysis proceeded under support of NASA Contract NASw-155

and Grant NSG-624.

We acknowledge the guidance of Dr. Frank MacDonald,

S-3 project scientist at Goddard Space Flight Center in the

planning and development of the experiment. The S-3 project

office at GSFC assisted in many ways during the construction

and testing of the experiment. We are particularly grateful

to Mr. Paul Butler, Project Manager.

Many students and associates at UNH contributed to

the success of the experiment and to the analysis of data.

Paul Amazeen and Wendell Sawyer were major contributors to the

experimental effort, while V. L. Patel and Marilyn Wingersky

shared responsibility in data processing.

The interested and responsible assistance of Erick

Schonstedt, who built the fluxgate instruments, and his associates

was essential to our project. Availability of the Fredericksburg

Magnetic Observatory, under the direction of Mr. Robert

Gebhardt, aided testing of the experiment.

The enthusiastic assistance of many technical and

administrative employees at UNH was essential. Among these

employees were Anne Anders_n, Carl Flanders Herbert Scheibel

and Phyllis Warnock. References

A. Papers Based Principally on_Explorer 12

Magnetic Results

Cahill, L. J., Jr., A study of the geomagnetic field, Space Research III, 324-330, (ed. W. Priester), North Holland Pub. Co., Amsterdam, 1962.

Cahill, L. J., Jr., and P. G. Amazeen, The boundary of the geomagnetic field, J. Geophys. Res., 68, 1835-1844, 1963.

Cahill, L. J., Jr. and D. H. Bailey, Distortion of the magnetosphere during a magnetic storm on September 30, 1961, J. Geophys. Res., 72, 159-169, 1967.

Cahill, L. J., Jr., and V. L. Patel, Further obserations of the geomagnetic boundary: Explorer 12 UNH Research Report 64-4, 1964, to be published in Planetary---and Space Sci., 1967.

Fairfield, D. H. and L. J. Cahill, Jr., Transition region magnetic field and polar magnetic disturbances, J. Geophys. Res., 71, 155-169, 1966.

Mead, G. D. and L. J. Cahill, Jr., Explorer 12 measurements of the distortion of the geomagnetic field by the solar wind, GSFC X-640-66-527, November, 1966, to be published in J. Geophys. Res., 1967.

Nishida, A. L. J. Cahill, Jr., Sudden impulses observed by Explorer 12, J. Geophys. Res., 69, 2243-2255, 1964.

Nishida, A. and J. H. Young, Explorer 12 observations of magnetic sudden impulses in the earth's magnetosphere, Nature, 201, 1113-1114, 1964.

Patel, V. L., Structure of the equations of cosmic electro- dynamics and photon rest mass, P__s. Letters, 14, 105-106, 1965.

Patel, V. L., Low frequency hydromagnetic waves in the magneto_ sphere: Explorer 12, Planetary and S a___ Sci,_ i __13_ 485-506, 1965.

Patel, V. L. and L. J. Cahill, Jr., Evidence of hydromagnetic waves in the earth's magnetosphere and of their propagation to the earth's surface_ Phv___s° Rev. Letters _ 12_ 213_215_ 1964.

Patel, V. L., L. J. Cahill, Jr., and A. J, Dessler_ Magnetosheath field geomagnetic index a_ and stability of magnetopause, J. Geophys. Res., 72, 426 430, 1967.

Sonnerup, B. U. O. and L. J. Cahill, Jr., Magnetopause structure and attitude from Explorer 12 observations, J. Geophys. Re__s., 72_ 171-182_1967. S. Papers Based Partiall_.gn Explorer 12

Magnetic Results

Freeman, J. W., J. A. Van Allen and L. J. Cahill, Jr., Explorer 12 observations of the magnetosphere boundarv and the associated solar plasma on September 13, 1961, J. Geophys. Res., 68, 2121-2130, 1963.

Hoffman, R. A., L. R. Davis and J. M. Williamson, Protons of 0.i to 5 Mev and electrons of 20 kev at 12 earth radii during sudden commencement on September 30, 1961, J. Geophys. Res., 67, 5001-50005, 1962.

Konradi, A. and R. L. Kaufmann, Evidence for rapid motion of the outer boundary of the magnetosphere, _. Geophys. Res., 70, 1627-1637, 1965.

Rosser, W. G. U., Changes in the structure of the outer radiation zone associated with the magnetic storm of September 30, 1961, _. Geophys. Res., 68, 3131-3148,,1963.

Rosser, W. G. U., B. J. O'Brien, J. A. Van Allen, L. A. Frank and C. D. Laughlin, Electrons in the earth's outer radiation zone, J. Geophys. Res., __67, 4533-4542, 1962.

Spreiter, J. R. and W. Jones, On the effect of a weak interplanetary magnetic field on the interaction between the solar wind and the geomagnetic field, J. Geophys. Re___ss., 68, 3555-3564, 1963. Ca Review Articles

Cahill, L. J., Jr., The geomagnetic field, Ch_. 9, 301-349, Space Physics, ed. D. P. LeGalley and A. Rosen, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1964.

Cahill, L. J., Jr., Magnetic field measurements in space, Space Science Rev., l, 399-414, (ed. C. de Jager) 1962.

Hines, C. 0., The magnetopause: a new frontier in space, Science, 141, 130-136, 1963. D. Abstracts

Cahill, L. J., Jr., Distortions of the geomagnetic field within the inner magnetosphere, Trans. A.G.U., 46, 116, 1965.

Cahill, L. J., Jr., Study of the outer geomagnetic field, Trans. A.G.U., 4__3, 217, 1962.

Cahill, L. J., Jr., and S. A. Knowles, Transition region magnetic fields, Trans. A.G.U., 46, 531, 1965.

Cahill, L. J., Jr., and P. G. Amazeen, Termination of the earth's magnetic field during the period September 11-14, 1961, Trans. A.G.U., 43, 218, 1962.

Cahill, L. J., Jr., and V. L. Patel, The SC and the main phase of a magnetic storm in the outer space, Trans. A.G.U., 43, 459, 1962.

Patel, V. L., and L. J. Cahill, Jr., On the stability of the magnetospheric boundary, Trans. A.G.U., 46, 530, 1965.

Patel, V. L., and L. J. Cahill, Jr., Polarization of low- frequency hydromagnetic waves in the magnetosphere, Trans. A.G.U., 45, 78, 1964.

Patel, V. L., and L. J. Cahill, Jr., The geomagnetic field boundary and associated solar wind, Tran__ss, A.G.U., 43, 459, 1962.

Patel, V. L., and L. J. Cahill, Jr., The magnetic storm of September 30, 1961: Explorer 12 measurements, Trans. A.G.U., 43, 218, 1962. F

\ \ \

SPIN AXIS

DIRECTION OF THE MAGNETIC FIELD IN RELATION TO THE SUN-SPIN PLANE. 0 oN _ o $ w t_ 0 I ! i I I I I I I I i ! ! i I I !

,=_ % ,r %

p,. % I %

u N % I

I-- D or} w

:E D % LD !

id ,,?

% q. I

,?,

m % i

I I 1 I I I I 1 I I I 1 I I I I I I I o o 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 IN 0 _ 0 o o io 0 % % T % % %

% C I

% _1 tl.I I- r_ Z)

I %

" I I I 0

m__ ..). o 8 0 0 N er) 04 _ 0 L ! I ! I I I I ! I I I I I I I I I I I

oo. a_o_ o ! % %

% I

% O_

._I _E 14J n"

co %

I ! I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I o O o 0 O O O O 0 0 _n 0 in O O

m_ 0 o 8 8 (M 8 0

: I 1 I I 1 I I 1 f I I I I I I I I

% %

% I- hi n" I--

3 -¢0 3 % 0 Z 3 0 _f,. CD Z %

-ur)

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 0 0 0 0 O 0 0 0 o O 0 0 In O 0 04 04 •2_ 9 _A

_w o. l it0

% N % %

% o

_% m

w n_

OD %

r--

i i I I i i I i i i i i i i , , I I i I I i o o 8 o o o e_ .i-

o O 0 0 0 _ 0 N _) O4 _ 0 | | ' ' ' ' ' ' I I I I I I I I I I

I',- % N % %

% in m -- !

0 o % 8 o % I--- o_

.J 3E W (.9 n.- % (3O

% F'-

t,d I

I I I l i I I I I I i i I i I I I i i l i i t _ o 8 ,,° 8 _°

m % % % %

I- w rr % _o

1 I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ 0 _ _ _ o _ 0 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I |

> ..... "" ...... _ l

° _

o _ . • • s __

_11 o •

• _

I I I i I I 1 I A I I I I I I 1 I I I I I o 0 0 0 O O O 0 0 0 0 o _ o _ o _) o _ o _) u') _ _- _ _-) (u cu - - t_ o o

I I I ! | I I I I _"2

o %

% -r.-

I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ 0 _ _ _1" 0 0 0 ¢D 04o 0

I I I I I l ! i ! i I ! ! I I I % % %J % %

I- <_ % N _J I __% UD ::) OJ bJ F- U)

(.9 I % 0 Z

0 GB Z

I I 1 I I I 1 I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I 0 o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o _ o g Ln • 1" _1" N_ (_Jo -- I

0 al

o o 0 o o _D _o (M it) 0 I I | I I l I i l I I 1 I I I I I I

I _e x % %

x"-N...... x

r- % C_- I

x % J

C- % T

l-- ..-/ I p.. _J ed LIJ Iv I-- % (.9 (/) -_00 (.9 I

f_ Z % 0 _z ¢% lit' - I _D

14'._

I I I I [ I I I I I I I I I I I I l I I 1 I o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 N N o_

m_ O O O o Od (D (o

I I I I I I I l l I

0(_ '

%. ! %. %_

T ¢ % ,? o

T I-- o') oo _.I _E _J (9 co n- o,I F- (/) --CO D I (.9 % :D

O O a z f,,. O (D z

_ ',D

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ 0 _ 0 0 _ 0 o o 0 o o 0

I I I I I I I I _ I 1 I I

% I % m

Q %

I o

e---" %

o" i- o I¢) _--J b.I }- n," % (I) _nn

O Z

0 m % Z

tO .

q _

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 _n 0 IN ,,2_ o in o

DP_ o ->

o 0 O o o N 0J i,r) o

I I I I I I I I I I i I I I I % % K K % _K

% K K x %

o_ %

x K i< o_

m_ x ._1 x d LU rr) n- K

K CO (D K x x % p-

% _0

% - I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 0 o o o Q 0 0 0 0 0 0 u_ o _ 0 0 _ 0 _ 0

m_. o 0 0 0

I I I I I I I I l I l I I % % N-.___ K %

Nx % x ...... K-_ .... K

x ...... K % K.. -x ...... --...-:-_:- -_'x'..'__ __Kx -Q %

-0'_ I- :) n.. w IJJ % n- w -(30 Q.. w

Q % z _f,,. o

z i

-(,D

-u_')

- "_1"

I I f I I I I l I l l I I l I I I i I i 0 0 0 o _ o o 0 0 0 0 0 o o _ o o " _ o co e_l 0 I ! I I I I I I I f I I I I | I I I I

N % %

% 2

I-- _J %

r,. %

% q,

I I I . I I I I I I 1 I I l I I I I I I I I I o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 O O O 0 0 _ o _ o % 04 % %

% o

I o_

% GO

p- %

I I I I I I I | I I I I i I I I I I I i I O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 _'_ o_ __') _o _ _ 04_ oJo _- O--

on>. 0 0 8 0

I ! ! I I I ! I % % |,,_m % __N % %

_o c_

_or

I- U) -0_

._1 t_J n" n,,' W m -¢0 (_1 I'- m ILl I-- Q. % ILl Of)

Q Z :) 0 rn i Z P_ /

-ut')

I I I I I I I i I I I I I I I I I I I I o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o 0 _ 0 o_ Ln

m ).. 13 o _ o o _ o _oprj od od_ O

I I I I I l l I I I I I I I I I I I I I % % T_

t.mJ 0C

I I I t I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o itl 0 lib 0 iI_ 0 in 0

03>,, _w 0 0 0 0 o (M-- uD _D o I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I !

% %

% X X ...... X

% I

o %

i _-

I %, 01 ,J I-- UJ =E n-

% I

'IT

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I [ o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O 0 0 _ 0 _I 0 0 _ 0 (M _4 -- -- 0 o o o 8 0

I I I ! 1 I I I I I I I I 1 I I

% ;I % I %

Oo,, -7t

Ooo, o

% ,_J F-

W % CE

I I I, 1 I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 o I_ 0 tO 0 0 _o o _ 0 tO _ _r N Od -- --

m_ o o o oLO _ o

I I l I I I I I I I I I ! I I I I I I I

oo % %

I.-- % w

r-. .._,- % I

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I t1¢

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 _,_o _-_ o_- _ _ _ _o --_ _o 0 0 (Xl 0

! I ! I ! I ! I

% % % %

I I I I I I I I 1 t I I I I I I I I I I o 0 o 0 0 Q O 0 o 0 (D Ig) 0 o o (M o 0

I I I f I I ! ! I I 1 I I I I I l

% % i

% o

o_ %

w O0 I,- % 13_ w

C_ Z

0 _D % Z

u_ %

I I I I I I I I I I I I I l I I i I l I I 0 0 0 O O 0 O 0 0 O 0 =3 0 =3 0 13 0 13 0 _ 0 =3 u3 =3 _r _ _I d5 N

=_.._ o ° o o O _ _" O "_ 04 - I I

% % "T .:::':" I z. .:_:...... :: % ,¢" K-=-- ..... • "2:--" % """ -':- / I- _1 % w (D

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 =3 N30 _=3 _0 _3_ _ U_N N0 _-- --0 U_

nn >. 0 0 0 0 o 04 cD oJ 0 I I I I | I i i ! I i I I I I I I

...... x K K % x m % I % %.- % B

K'. I-: % <_ .._I N x K o x

% 0_ o; ,c n,. K iJJ x no x K LIJ LI,J I'- 0,.. K_,c oo

o Z

O % ,.n I-- I',.. O

I I I I I I I I I I I I I l I I I I I 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 _ O 0 _ 0 _1" _1" In I_ N

0:}).. %J ' , % % % _4 %

(7) % Z c9

r--

_i _ I I o

o o N o _- o

I I I ! ! I I I ! I I I I I I I I I

o.....o Jl % % %

% o

% 0_ l- d z:) tlJ (.9

ixi

o % f,.

% o

% N

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 _ 0 o _n 0 o_ _ ql" _I" 0 o o o _ o _D o

I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I i [ I I I % % _r % O4 % m %

% o

._J

LIJ n-

CO q.

p,.

% r-:

I | 1 I I I I [ I ,1 I I I I 1 I I 1 I I o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o in 0 tn 0 _ 0 _ 0 Ln o in 0 No 0

I I I I I I I I I 1

% m %_

._C)

i -0') I.: I--- _I I,I,I :E ir °o_L C9 J a0 I % I',,-

o_ -I_")

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o _,_ 0 _ 0 0 0 o ") IN _ -- o 0 0 co 0

re) % %_ ,_F %_ N %

r o %

! i--

._J % 3E W

T' %L

% _p

if)

i I t i I i I I i I | i i I i i i i i I I I 0 if) or) _ _8 N8 --o o o o f,D co 0 i ! % % _F % i %

% !

"T_ ! % I

I-- bJ i _, n-

% I,

% I

I i I I 1 I i I I I i i i I i f I I I o 0 0 0 0 0 O _ 0 lo o

m o ..> $ 0 0 o i¢/ 0 i ! I I ! i I I I I I I I

x ...... x _m x ..-x

x 'x. _( %_ x

%m x

x @ x x ÷ % x

_x % o

h- %

I I I I I L I I I I I i I I 1 I I 1 1 I I I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O 0 o o _ 0 g o o in 0 u3 04 N - -

m_ _ ,l==. 0 $ o o 0

I I I I I I I I L I I I I

%_ % % %

I- % W

0 Z ::) 0 QD Z %

[ I I i I i I i I I I I I I I I I I I I l O O 0 0 O 0 0 0 0 0 O o _ ill idl

_V 0 _3 $ 0

i ! ! | I ! I I I I !

Ill S9 - % I % ! %

I ..I

% _P

I--

_N- W % I | w l-- a.

I |

_ i I l I l I t i ! i l I I I ! l I l l 0 0 0 0 mD 0 o _ o o 0 0 co I0 0 v I I I % % I % N % k

m _oI- | f

% o

O_ c_ 04 r_ n," LIJ % _E I.d I-- Q. LJJ (/) _ f,. Q Z 0 % en Z

% 16

I I I | I I i I I I I I I I I I I ,If I I I o 0 0 O 0 o N o ..).

0 0 8 o o4 m It) 0 I I ! I I ! I I I 1 I I I 1 I ! I I I

x X_ Èx %

X .'_X X._X

.X % X X_.- TM

% ! x_.;- x ee,'* x

% x:. x

I-

<5 X x N X

n,,," W w {l)

W I-- _0 IDO 0,. W Z % ! U) x

-I',- o % lop

I I I I l I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o ,n o ,n _ .'_ o _ o

_v o 0 0 o GO Od o o \ ! I I ! i I' I % rr) \ % oo "o \ \ ?1- % I o %

_nt-

% _1 bJ i 0:: =i- oo e_ i I

% / I I , I0 r_L. oJ

i J i I J i t J I I. i I I I I I I f I I I _ I

o o 8 _o o o 0 0 o o _I" 1,0 1,0 N N __

=3_;.,, o 0 o 8 04o 8 io 0

I I 1 I 1 I I I ! I I I I I I I I % % % _F I

I _o %

I-- ._1 D i 0 bJ n_

% f_

I I I I I I I I I I I l I I I I I I ! I o o 0 o 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 o 0 in 0 _I" _I" 0 $ 0 @4 0 I I I I I I ! I I I I

,I %

% / %_

°oe,- o

1 G)

I-- x x hl n.

%L O0

I I I I I I I I i I I I I I I I I I I I 0 o 0 i_ o o o0 _ 0 0 g 0 0 _I" _I" w) _ _ _n 0 o o o $ o Io 0

I I I I I I ! I I ! ! I I f

E % I

_o 0! ,¢" %, oJ

I,,- IzJ I- Q. % w

Q Z _D 0

I-- % 0

I I I I I I I I I ! I I I l I I I I I I 0 0 0 0 0 0 O 0 _ 0 i

o o o o oJ It) 0 I I I I I l I I I i 1 I

% o iri % % %

oc i

% ol I I

I-

ILl % I" n- _r,D ol o:I- % %

Iii") oJ

u_ ll

I I I l I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I o 0 0 0 0 0 o o o o o o _ 0 o o _ o _) u') 0J N --

m_ 0 0 0 0 m)

I I I I I I I I ! I o % N _C % ! % % %

J % _o % % %

o_ Oo _o i h, r_

_o % ,q.

% _ I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I 1 0 o o o 0 o o o 0 o o _) _o _P_ _0 _ _ _ _0 --_ _o

_A m__ 040 _ O 0

ii iI I I I I I I 1 I % % T % N_

% o m i %

-Q %

i,.." N I ..J W :3 N n." I.¢J ql'l CO I _E W I-- 0.. 14.1 % {n o Z ::3 O T _D Z

ffl

i I I I I I I I l i i I, I I I I I I I I 0 0 0 0 0 II_ 0 _ 0 0 o _ qr qr N N _ Q _

u_ El

o 0 o 0 ,[ I I I i I i I I ! i I I I l I ! I %/ % %

,K % T I_ _1

I- W n,- o• % o # /

% °i b.

N I %

I I 1, I I I I I I I I I l I I I I I o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o IN o _ o o 0 (%1 _ -- o

m__ o 0 No (o o 0 I I I I f I I I i I I I I I I I I % % %

% I %

I % o

% % 0_

I-- _J ZD hi n_

% DO C

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I o o 0 o 0 0 O 0 0 o ,n o in 0 ,_ 0 In 0 (M

mA o o o _ _ o t. __ o

I I I I I I I I I ! I I I I I I I I I 1

o: % % _J % %

% o

% / _J F- Ld OC co

nn % _J !

% I.D T

e _ I I I I , I | I I | I I I I I I I . I I I I 1 0 0 0 0 o _ o _ o o o o o o

D_ 0 0 o 0

I I I I i I I ! I I I I I % % %

II % %

% 0")

i a0

n" w hl r_ m

bJ _m Q. bJ

o ° % o a Z 0 m Z %

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 0 0 0 0 o o o o o in 0 _ 0 o M') g m 0 o w 0 i I I I I I I I I I I I ,_m

% I % - T % T

% I% O I

0_ % o I

-- _J % I, tlJ I-- _m n,." ::3

% I,.. T

I",,,. %_

i I I l I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I O O O O O 0 0 0 0 o 0 _ 0 r_ 0 in o un m_ N N --

m_ I:l

0 0 o _ o (Ip 0 i i I I I f I I I I I | I I I I I I % T | % e %

% o m I

00_:) p,.

I _o % 0')

I-- o _J t_J n-

% Go I¢)i

r,- %

ari O_

--lD

ct --Lr)

, I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I 1 0 0 0 0 IN o o 0 0 0 0 o 0 In 0 I1_ 0 IN o ,_

m_ 0 0 O4 0 ! I I i I !

% m % C % !

x x % r,- x I • | 0 % (x ! x x

x x x x % x x

I--- _-._J u,l n,- (.9 %i

,q C !

I I I I I I I I I [ I I I I i I' I I I o o o o o 0 o o o o o o o tO) g) g3 OJ_ 0(M -- o

N_ m__ 0 o 0 % I I I ! I I - I I I I m_ % %

% o4 % %

o %

0'_ _.L_ w rr"

I % I¢) f_

% ,,0

,q-

I i I I I I I I I I I I I [' I ] I I I I I 0 0 0 0 O 0 o 0 o o o 0 o o4 '9_ g % I I m_ % % iI

% i_.

% o

% -- _1 t- C.O

tU % n- co IDI-

% r,-

% u_

I I L--.-- o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 _tO _"0 _ _ OJ_ N0 _-- --0 Cl

0 0 0 o OJ o

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I e x • % O. i % oc

i % i % ¢

O_ -J I l.l,J (.9

w m 0 I-- 0 % 0 erl Q erl Z ! 0 m I-- % 0

I I I I I I I I I I 0 0 0 0 o 0 in 0 _n 0

__,.b o o o o 9 o 04 0

! ! I I ! i I i i i i I _ i I I I J Z % % % %

p.. 0_- % ? %

_C r_r -'i

--J l.IJ

(.9 % /

Oil %

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 _'_ 0 0 0 N __ o

m_._ o o O o 8 N 8 leJ O I ! ! I I I I i I I i ! ! I 1 I % % _6r" % T %

ll_ I._

m. % i

14,1 n," % i _L

i l I I I I I I I I I O O O O O o o O _ O O _ _o

mA m _ 0 o (D cu _ o

I I I I i i i ! I I I I I I i ! I l I

% x ,.x O' %

.-_O % i..-: > % c_ ._j I- _E (.9

¢, I o° I 14J % n_

igO Ld

(,.1 o 0

o z

i _O

I I I I l I I I I I I I f I I l I I I l I I I 0 0 0 0 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 ur_mr_ 0oO ql"_ Oql" _o_ _ t_tN 04O --L'_ --O tN

toO=,. 0D_. 0

14.1 n _

-00

_ f,.

- q)

I I I I I I I I I [ | I I i I I i I I I i i ! 0 O O 0 0 _ 0 _ 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 o 8 0 Od N 0 I I I ! I I I I ! I I I I I

e x

% % %

I- U.I %

• I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 o o i_ g _ N --

m_ + o o o o o o

! i i i i i i i i i i !

% %_ '%_ %_

"T Oo t-- _o- z)

I W ¢Y (.9 %.

, I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I 0 0 0 i_ o IN 0 _dp o 0

I I I I I I I I I i I I I I O I. 1 I I I i o ° o o Oo.

0 I %

°6'o o. ._J _- T

tU % n-

0 %- !

% qr (%1 I

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I [ l I I l I I I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 it) tin0 _P_ _0 _ _ _(_ (_0 _-- 0-

m_ m__ 0 m o ! I t iii ii %, %_ %_

- O_

I- W n-

%i_ OD !

f,.

In--

% q;

0 0 8 0 0 0 N N _ o o (M o O 'i I I ! I I I I I I % % % ...:+ Oo+, %

; x x I.-: I,-- ::3 _I Oo,

l.l.J O .....: 11" 7 n,.' co m %, 0 I- C) 0 I',,. a Z I 0 m Oo+° t- 0 (,ip

-if')

I I I I l I I I I I I l I I I I I I I o o O O O O O O O O o o O ID ICJ O Mr) 'NI" I¢ N N -- o ,,_

m__._ O 0 O 0 0 0 0 0 ll) (M _D N -- ' "i i r i i i i v i i

,l'- % 'i ...... _ii_

N % K e,i

111 % T %

__o

; IN {6- I

I--

_o .J w {1: (.9

04 - I %

4- %

% ,n.. +

J I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 0 0 0 0 0 o _ 0 _ 0 I

% N Oo %

I %

I _j W % o.__; n- % ¢0

% p-

I %

I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I 0 0 0 0 _ 0 0 0 0 0 0 in0 _P_ 0_ _ _ (U_ (_0 --_ --0 0 0 0 0 Q 0 OJ ID ID _r OJ -- I_ OJ _ 0 I | I I 1 I I 1 1 I I I I I I I

0 % %

0 % T % _o

% O.

._1 I.- 0"1 IJJ % d n_ GO w o:) 0 I-- (D 0 f_ a % Z :D 0 m Z

. % I Lr)

I ,I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I 0 0 0 0 0 O o 0 o 0 o 0 0 0 o N N - o_ l:l

0 I'M o o o I oa 0 I ! I I I ! I I I I 1 I I I I e m_

x .-x _-x

.-x" x_. I11 o..._....--e {{ x ...... _-x % I %

x x

(,C x x x T % x _o

I-: I--

.J x % "T (.D hl t_r

0 00 _d % I

0 i00

I % (D

I --It')

-qd"

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I i 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 IN 0 I_ 0 ii") o Idl _ _I" 0,,I (%1 '2_ o ,n a o OJ o Oo =1 I I I I I I I

O, o %

% ._N ...... _..._..._.___.------0 % @ %

.....--O

:E (,.9 tlJ

% 0

it)

, , I | I i I I 1 I I 1 I I I 1 I ] I i I I I o o o o Q 0 0 0 0 o o o o in Q _ 0 FO N N -- o i:1

o 0 0 0 o,I 04 ¢M 0

I I I I I I I ! i i i I I I I I

% x ...... x % x _ ...... x

% ? i % Q % I--: 0", I.-

Z @ D 0 m % Z

(%1 %

I | I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I , o o o O 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 ¢) O ii_ o lln 0 I¢1 04 t_l _o o o o o N N_ o I I l I I I I I I I I I I ! I

0 0 % % 0 I'.: _J % I % q m

i %

o x I- _% i _1

tcJ

0 % ..=: le/ I

% _D Ol

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ 0 _ _1" ed N -- _o

cO>.. o _ o o _ o o

o _'

00/I I I I I f I I I I f I I I I I I I

%I,_i , o, , , , ,, , , , , , , , , , , ,

0 O 0 ,in 0 _ o o o 0 0 0 o _ _ 0 0

I I ! I I I ! I I I I I ! I I I

@ % % o % %

UJ i" n_ . (.9

01-

I ! 0 0 0 O 0 _ 0 _ 0 0 0 o 0 o IV} (_4 N -- -- o 0d o I ! 1 I I I

% 0 % I

% _N > % .i- O. _1" I % i I

o o0,, o 0

I 0 0 0 % ._1

(D Oi =.. iq o I I g

0 % 0 I

ll3

I I i I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I l I I o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 _ 0 _ 0 _" _ _ c_ _d -- o

_.x 0 o 0 _0 o 04 o

I ! I I ! I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I

p- _6r

% ! x x

x x oJ % x x x x

% X X

T X x

% o o F: I-- Tt--J

:E 0_ C9 14J % n_

• /

_L at) % I

p..

_6 % !

OL o I

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I l O 0 0 O O O O O O O o 0 _ O O _ 0 _ _" _I" 04 Og -- o_ 0 O 0 o o _ "> o

1 I ! I I I I I I I I I ! ! I I I I I I

Q .x .2_x

tu rr

% o° l:._ /

• w,

I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I 0 0 0 0 _ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 _) 0 _ _ 0 _ 0

D_ m_. 0 0

! I I I I

% o % % % % o

I- .J W % =E n,-

oo. % N f,.

_D %

_A nn_ ..).

0 0 0

1 I I I ! i I ! I I I I I I I

Xx x %l _ ' %_

- '(_

X N x I c_ e _

W e¢"

I'll

I %,

I %

I ! i I i ! i i I 1 ! 0 0 0 o0 0 0 0 _ o_ o 0 N o o 0 i I i i I I I I I I ! I I I I I I I I

x x z % x

% x x xx x x x % _o o %

x x

._I bd n- x

-c0

_x % x x

% O4 i a

I I I I I I I I I I I I I l I I I I I I I I 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 O 0 0 0 0 o oJo in 0 o 0 0 N

I 1 1 I I I I i I I

0 .=:

< % % x x o o x %

% x

% o

:D ._1 W

(.9

% c_

! I I I I I I I I I I I 0 0 0 o0 _ o 0 _1 _ _r o

O3).,. IV o

S I I

o % % N

% m

% i ! _o

% ol

I- _1 :E % OC

% i

% ! oL o

I _ I 1 I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I 0 o 0 0 Q 0 0 0 0 o 0 mr) 0 0 in Q _ 0 in 0 in ql" in

_v u 4l.

O O ¢M 04 0 ..o I I I I I ! I ! ! ! ! I ! I | ! I % _0 x Q

% __N %

_. o_. L'- % K

% __o

% w

_I I-- bJ ::) _E n." (.0 i -DO Ol on

I _f,.

I I , I I I I i I | I 1 1 I I 1 I I I I i 0 o O o 0 O 0 0 0 O o 0 O 0 Ln 0 I_ Q q" ql" II1 0_1 N --

m_ 8 m I I

% % % %

J W ::3 % n-

I [ I ! I I I I I I I I I 0 O 0 O 0 O

m_ my cl

0 ! ! i ! i ! l I I

% % %

% 0

I--

W % n-

% i •

| | i ' ' I I i i I I I l I I I I i i | I I

o o 0 0 _r_0 o 0 0 0 0 Io o4 0

I I I I I ! ! I I ! ! I I !

% %_ / % % % % o

I l'- ._I uJ c_ w I en 0 I- 8 /

% Z

% I

I r I I 1 _ I I [ I I I I I I I I I I I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ,n 0 0In 0 0 if) 04 -- Q

m_ Q3_ o o 0 o4 o

I I I I I I I I % _r % i

% o

G e

% ° o e o

i_, d r_ (D I O_ ! N w n- oo nr W m 0 I.- 0 0

0 Z :D 0 i IZ) Z

• _.J I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ o _ 0 oJ N -- -

co _. o_

n.-

Go %

T % _D

w_ !

.. _ I ! I I i I I I I J I I _ i I I I I I I I i o o o O O O 0 o O O o ,n o _ o _ mo _ o _ o

m_ .:...> o 0 o o _ o

I I I ! I I ! 1 ! ! I I I I I I I I

_D _r 1

% eee % G % I

% o

° o

% i )- ° O ° o

% o

__1 I I I I I I I I I I l I 1 I I 1 I I ' I O 0 0 O O 0 0 0 O 0 0 url 0 ur) o _I"

uA nA ao_. v -).

0 o o 0 (D o N o ! ! I I I I I 1 1 i i I 1 I I I I 00_

x" _ x x- % C $ x % x x % x %

% x x x'" =. o_ %

c'_ X I : Oo, -- i ._1

Z o; % _ f,,.

1 I I _ - 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I o o o o 0 0 o o o o o o o ',¢ _!" _ g_ o _ o

q_ m__ % Q 0 %

% N % %

% o_

I- UJ n-

o0 %

% _)

I I I I I I 1 I I I I 1 I I 1 1 I I 1 1 I I I 0 0 0 0 _ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ 0 _ un 0 _ 0 =3 -.,>

0 o 0 0 0 04 04 I et) O,J 0

! I 1 I I I I I I I ! I I o% I o, % x x--.. --x x =-.." .... x % % % % o I % x x_ x x

x x % x x

I--: x W I-- Q: D o ..J

x x ic.0 x 1 % x x- x

x - % x x

x • %

x x

o. El I

_1 I I I I I I I I l I I I I I I I I I I I I I 0 o 0 0 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 _ 0 _ 0 it) _r _I- _ pl N N -- o g o o o o 0

I I I I I I I I I ! I ! % N % I % %

t_ % I

0 x

x x % x x_ x _J

I x LD x_ x _x % "I x I I- ._J hl h- x n_ x x n- £.9 e LIJ I: rn x x % T ILl 0 Z

a Z 0 m Z %

(%11-

I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I 1 I I I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 _) 0 _ 0 in 0 in 0 _ 0 I

0 0 O 0 IN I I 0 i, ,, ,| I ! I I I I I I l I I I I I I

ilo o %_ o" I o" ° o o

oo _o % I (3') I

oo m" I o GO oo, o I-_0_ n., ..J w ::3 i m

1.4J 0 Z

O % Z

0 m _r Z oi

I I I I I I I I I I I i I I' I , I I I 0 0 0 0 0 o o 0 O 0 o 0 _ 0 0 N o

IA 0 8 o o o

! I I I ! I I I I I I #

C % o

% o_

% I

% % o %o

T O0 g _1

_0 hl rr %: _)

o %

1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I o o o o 0 0 0 0 0 o o o _ o o _ o _n rr) N N -- o o o o o o (M o I I I I I I I l I I I I I I I % _m % % % 11 (M I %

% _D (%1 I

W x n.-

NI | %

IN I u) %

- ',:I"

I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I o Q o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ,_ 0 _r_ _1" _;_ in 0 in o _n

m__ 15

o No _ o N_ o

I I I I I | I l I I I I I I / O_ % I % % Ooo,

q 'q'l- %

I- q_ --/ Lid rr

(.9 % nn

O.L % un

% q

J I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I i I I I I I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O 0 o ko _0 ,_un _-0 1,0in _ NIN No _- -o

m_ o o o 0 i_ (%1 cM o -i I I I I 1 I 1 I I I I I ! I I I

x % < ,,.x °°_ x .... -----: _-"-_ -x ...... x % x._- --x x.- _x .x oo x ( % <._x _e x x x x x % B

% x x ,I _o _x x x x % x --_0_ (x I-: x X I- <_ x ._1 w a_ I:z: ILl % m Q0 I,LI 0 Z

t-i Z 0 % nn Z

I I I I I [ I I I I I I I I I I I I I I J o o o o O 0 O 0 0 o o o 0 i0 0 _0 0 mO o Lo

_A o o o ID oJ 0 i I I I ! I I I I o% o, %ii % oo x

_o % o

_I % O_ LI,I (.9 { n_ oo n," w lID

I,Ll % > 0 oo Z

r_ z o % z I

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o o o _ o I_ If) 04 N -- o o 0 0 0 _ 0 8 (%1 _ CU i I_ _J -- 0 I ! I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I !

Oo,.o % _o

N. ('xJ % T

w C_ % o;,," --CO _b T J

I.- I-: z) % _1 (D

I % i

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 _n o _0 _ _ cu_ oJo -_ -o 0 o 0 0 OJ c.0 o L'M 1o oa 0 I I 1 I I I 1 I I I I I I I I 1 % m_ % d- % %

T %

% N

I Oo LO O 0") # o_

0 0 0 nr" ! hi I,iJ m 13c r_ 0 LIJ > 0 0 % T Z °_ a Z 0 m ? I--

I % Io

io OL N I %

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Lo 0 _ 0 0 io o io 0 Lo N N _ -

00.x i

0 0 0 8 od _0 o 8 0 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

,l_r,

c0" W n- I )

n." 0 xx I o hl % m

hl d > x 0 x Z (..9

O x x Z x i_. xx 0 % m Z

I I I I I I I I I I I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ln 0 II")

_m._ tl

0 0 0 0 0 __ o

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ! I

_C_I

% x x e x I x-. x e_ x % % .x I

$ x x * -o

% e (p e I {0 g oo / / @

_ e

% -r,-

- t_,')

_Q-

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I 0 0 0 0 O 0 0 O 0 O 0 o _ o _ _ _ O _ o u')

oo_ 0 o o o I0 o o,I I0 0 I I I I I I I I I I I I I /

m o % T "_x ° o x x x o ° x- x % ° o x"

o x x % x ._x g o }

I o i % o o %

,,t o ° o o o x oo x _o _J g laJ ::3 x nr ×

% a

% t_

-ii')

x x % ¢%1

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Q o 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 I_ 0 _ 0 0,.I 0,I --

00._ 0 o o o 0 Od rO oJ oJ o I I I I I I I I i I i I i I 1 ! I

sO o_ 0 T % < 3 % %

% x x K

x .-x B x I x x I; 0') x % <_ ._1 x x I-- x x _E x x_ x i,i,i C9 Q: x rY ILl x rn x x | _E x X w % (0- x X I > 0 z xx x x_ (::) x Z

0 rn % I-- gO 0 I

¢1"

% Od I

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I o o o o 0 0 0 0 0 o o IN o g_ 0 LO 0 _I" o

m_.b @- o 0 o o 0 N o

I I I i i i I I i ! i I

x x % c_I

% o,I % "i % ;I

x x % o

% 0_

x I- x Ld n_

% nn x x

I # x x x x x % x_ ;I

x % x

I I I 1 I I I 1 I I I I I I i I I I I o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o 0 _ 0 in 0 I_ 0 o_ W N

rn ).. m_ 0 o o @ 04 o o

r ' I I I I I I I ! I I I l I I I I I I

x x ol % II %_ % % ( xl i

,_%_ _1

r,9 % $

er) !

I I I I I I I I 1 1 I I I I I I I I I I I 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o o o o o o 0 0 o a) o4 io N i o r i i i i i f i i ! ! i I i I ! I %_ m %_ %_

_ oJ _

_ ? _

_ 0")

N oJ 8 n_ l.iJ I m _ ._J

LIJ W rY t- 0 z

Z < :z) %_ 0 m Z

wI. %-

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 i I I I I o o o o o o o I_ I_ 04 Od _ -- 0 o o o 9 o 2 _r i_ oJ o ! J ! I I I ! I I I I 1 I I I I I

Y_":x x:, x ...... % I % %

I % ._I

I-- %

laJ % O:

I I I I I I I I I I I I i 1 I 0 o o 0 0 0 0 0 o ur) 0 0 0 OJ o o o o 0 N _- o ! I I I I I ] I I I I I I ! ] l I I

0 o .x x_ x x- x %/ L_x xx. .

x % x.X ee

° °

% o _o _z ,q-

% ° o 0') I-; I-- :D _1 n" w % (.9 nn c0 IJJ o ° x' w 0 0 0 t7 o Z _p 0 % 00 Z

x % 'x

oJ i od /

-_r

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I- I I I I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I_ 0 0 0 0 _ 0 N -- --