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Calendario Astronomico nuovo MENSILE DI INFORMAZIONI ASTRONOMICHE E SPAZIALI Calendario Astronomico 2 016 Gennaio Febbraio Marzo Aprile Maggio Giugno Luglio Agosto Settembre Ottobre Novembre Dicembre Allegato a Nuovo Orione n. 283 – Dicembre 2015 Direttore responsabile: Paola Dameno Reg. Trib. Milano n. 272 del 2 maggio 1992 © Gruppo B Editore srl, Viale L. Majno, 21, 20122 Milano – Proprietà letteraria riservata Impaginazione: Luana Canedoli Stampa: Arti Grafiche Boccia SpA - Salerno Alba lunare alla riserva del Plemmirio FENOMENI PRINCIPALI Giorno Ore (TC) Fenomeno 2 00:02 Venere 59' a nord di Beta Scorpii 2 23:48 La Terra al perielio (0,98330 UA) GENNAIO 3 04:06 Luna 4°,2 a nord di Alfa Virginis 3 19:35 Luna 1° a nord di Marte 1825: l’italiano Antonio Brucalassi osserva per 2002: la sonda Galileo (NASA) sorvola Io, ; 4 04:23 La Luna occulta Kappa Virginis 1 V la prima volta lo sciame delle Quadrantidi 17 D satellite di Giove, da 102 km di altezza 4 09:00 Massimo dello sciame meteorico 1959: viene lanciata Luna 1 (URSS) verso la 1941: la cometa De Kock-Paraskevopoulos delle Quadrantidi (ZHR=120) S Luna, prima sonda che lascia l’orbita terrestre , L (C/1941 B2) è visibile a occhio nudo 6 17:58 Venere 6°,5 a nord di Alfa Scorpii 2 18 1906: nasce l’astronomo americano William 2006: viene lanciata la sonda New Horizons 7 00:03 Luna 2°,7 a nord di Venere Morgan; traccerà la 1a mappa radio della Galassia (NASA) verso Plutone 7 04:17 Luna 2°,8 a nord di Saturno 3 D 19 M 8 06 Massima librazione lunare in 1866: l’astronomo tedesco F. Tietjen scopre 1573: nasce l’astronomo tedesco Simon Mayr latitudine. Visibile il polo sud 4 L l’asteroide (86) Semele 20 M (Marius) che battezzerà i satelliti galileiani di Giove 8 12 Massima librazione lunare in 1866: H. Tuttle (indipendentemente da Tempel) 1472: la cometa C/1471 Y1, visibile di giorno, longitudine. Visibile il lembo scopre la cometa periodica 55P/Tempel-Tuttle transita a 10,5 milioni di km dalla Terra orientale 5 M 21 G 9 04:56 Venere 5' a nord di Saturno 1978: l’astronomo Paul Wild scopre la cometa 1858: l’astronomo A. Laurent scopre l’asteroide periodica 81P/Wild 2 (51) Nemausa 13 00:20 Minimo di Algol, ben osservabile 6 M 22 V 15 03:13 Luna al perigeo (369.619 km) 1888: L’astronomo americano J.E. Keeler scopre 1779: l’astronomo francese Charles Messier scopre 15 21:10 Minimo di Algol, ben osservabile 7 G la divisione “di Encke” degli anelli di Saturno 23 S l’ammasso globulare M56 nella Lira 16 20:01 La Luna occulta Mu Piscium 1587: nasce l’astronomo olandese Jan Fabricius 1882: nasce l’astronomo americano Harold . 20 01:15 La Luna occulta 75 Tauri 8 V (figlio di David), co-scopritore delle macchie solari 24 D Babcock, autore di una teoria del ciclo solare 20 02:16 La Luna occulta SAO 93975 1839: l’astronomo scozzese Th. Henderson 1964: viene lanciato il satellite Echo 2 (NASA) 20 04:46 Luna 8' a sud di Alfa Tauri S esegue la misura della distanza di Alfa Centauri L per telecomunicazioni 21 00:44 La Luna occulta 111 Tauri 9 25 1946: primo utilizzo del radar in astronomia, 2015: l’asteroide 2004 BL86 dotato di una piccola 21 03 Massima librazione lunare in con l’invio di segnali verso la Luna dal New Jersey : luna passa a 1,2 milioni di km dalla Terra latitudine. Visibile il polo nord 10 D 26 M 21 19:40 La Luna occulta SAO 95419 1787: William Herschel scopre Titania e Oberon, 1781: l’astronomo francese Pierre Méchain scopre 23 13 Massima librazione lunare in 11 L satelliti di Urano 27 M l’ammasso globulare M80 nello Scorpione longitudine. Visibile il lembo 2003: viene lanciato il satellite CHIPS per la 1986: tragedia dello shuttle Challenger (STS-51-L); occidentale M spettrometria del gas caldo interstellare G perdono la vita sette astronauti 25 19 Pianetino (115) Thyra (mv = +9,8) 12 28 in opposizione nel Cancro 1610: Galileo Galilei scopre Ganimede, satellite 1136 a.C.: prima eclisse di Luna tramandata dagli 26 07:58 Luna 3°,3 a sud di Alfa Leonis 13 M di Giove 29 V astronomi cinesi 27 21:16 La Luna occulta Tau Leonis 1966: muore Sergei Pavlovič Korolev, progettista 1996: Yuji Hyakutake scopre la cometa C/1996 28 01:43 (Luna 1°,9 a sud di Giove 14 G dei missili URSS 30 S B2 Hyakutake 28 18:42 Urano 1°,9 a sud di Epsilon Piscium 2006: ritorna a terra la capsula della sonda 1966: viene lanciata la sonda Luna 9 (URSS) 30 04:15 La Luna occulta Theta Virginis 15 V Stardust (NASA) con materiale della cometa Wild-2 31 D verso la Luna 30 10:09 Luna all'apogeo (404.553 km) 1608: Giovanni Alfonso Borrelli calcola la prima 30 14:01 Luna 4°,3 a nord di Alfa Virginis S orbita parabolica di una cometa 31 04:57 Mercurio 30' a nord di Pi Sagittarii 16 VISIBILITÀ DEI PIANETI Mercurio è visibile al tramonto fino al 9 e all'alba dal 20;Venere è visibile al mattino; Marte è visibile nella seconda parte della notte; nuovo Giove è visibile per buona parte della notte in Leone; Saturno è visibile al mattino in Ofiuco; Urano è visibile nella prima parte della notte in Pesci; Nettuno è visibile di sera in Acquario. Le anime di Pantalica FENOMENI PRINCIPALI Giorno Ore (TC) Fenomeno 1 00:49 Marte 1°,2 a nord di Alfa-2 Librae 1 11:12 Luna 1°,9 a nord di Marte FEBBRAIO 3 10:48 Venere 4° a nord di Sigma Sagittarii 3 19:50 Luna 3°,1 a nord di Saturno 2003: tragedia dello shuttle Columbia (STS-107) , 1959: viene lanciato il satellite Vanguard 2 4 12 Massima librazione lunare in 1 L al rientro a terra; perdono la vita sette astronauti 17 M (NASA), il 1° a riprendere la Terra dallo spazio latitudine. Visibile il polo sud 1962: tutti i pianeti, eccetto Nettuno, sono (quasi) 1930: l’astronomo americano Clyde William 4 22:50 Minimo di Algol, ben osservabile M allineati G Tombaugh scopre Plutone 5 05 Massima librazione lunare in 2 18 longitudine. Visibile il lembo 1966: la sonda Luna 9 (URSS) effettua il primo 1860: nasce Giuseppe Ciscato, matematico, orientale 3 M atterraggio morbido sulla Luna 19 V geodeta e astronomo italiano 5 10 Pianetino (40) Harmonia 1906: nasce l’astronomo americano Clyde William 1878: nasce il fisico Domenico Leone Pacini, (mv = +9,7) in opposizione Tombaugh, scopritore di Plutone uno dei primi studiosi di raggi cosmici nel Cancro 4 G 20 S 6 07:36 Luna 3°,5 a nord di Venere 1967: viene lanciata la sonda Lunar Orbiter 3 1901: l’astronomo dilettante scozzese Anderson 6 18:54 Luna 3°,4 a nord di Mercurio 5 V (NASA) verso la Luna 21 D osserva per primo la Nova Persei 7 02:12 Mercurio alla massima elongazione 1899: viene fondata la prima società astronomica 1966: viene lanciata la missione Kosmos 110 . ovest (25°,6) dal Sole 6 S americana, la Astronomical Society of the Pacific 22 L (URSS) con due cani a bordo 7 19:40 Minimo di Algol, ben osservabile 1824: nasce l’astrofilo inglese William Huggins, 1987: Ian Shelton scopre la supernova 1987A 12 14:13 Luna 2°,4 a sud di Urano D pioniere della spettroscopia astronomica M nella Grande Nube di Magellano 13 03:56 Mercurio 4° a est di Venere 7 23 1992: la sonda Ulysses (ESA/NASA) sorvola Giove 1969: viene lanciata la sonda Mariner 6 (NASA) 13 07:33 Urano 35' a nord di 73 Piscium L ed esce per la 1a volta dal piano dell’eclittica : M verso il pianeta Marte 15 13 Pianetino (5) Astraea (mv = +8,7) 8 24 in opposizione nel Leone 1971: rientra a terra la missione lunare Apollo 14 1972: la sonda Luna 20 (URSS) riporta a terra 16 08:34 Luna 30' a sud di Alfa Tauri 9 M (NASA) 25 G campioni lunari 17 06 Massima librazione lunare in 1958: dall’antenna di Millstone Hill (USA) vengono 1777: Charles Messier scopre l’ammasso globulare latitudine. Visibile il polo nord M inviati e raccolti i primi segnali radar da Venere V M53 nella Chioma di Berenice 18 12:05 Luna 1° a nord di Gamma 10 26 Geminorum 1911: nasce l’astronomo americano Carl Keenan 1942: il fisico inglese James S. Hey rivela la Seyfert, scopritore delle galassie con nucleo attivo radioemissione dal Sole con radar militari 18 20 Massima librazione lunare in 11 G 27 S longitudine. Visibile il lembo 2001: la sonda NEAR-Shoemaker (NASA) atterra 1959: viene lanciato il satellite Discoverer 1 occidentale V sul pianetino 433 Eros D (NASA) 20 00:23 La Luna occulta 1 Cancri 12 28 1852: nasce a Copenhagen John Louis Emil 1868: cadono diversi meteoriti a Motta dei 20 18:34 Luna 5°,7 a sud di M44 Dreyer, autore del New General Catalogue (1878) Conti (VC); il maggiore è di 6,3 kg 21 19:40 La Luna occulta Xi Leonis 13 S 29 L 22 13:42 Luna 3°,1 a sud di Alfa Leonis 1963: viene lanciato il primo satellite geostazionario Syncom 1 (NASA) per telecomunicazioni 23 04:03 La Luna occulta 48 Leonis 14 D 24 06:23 Luna 2°,5 a sud di Giove 1786: W. Herschel scopre la nebulosa planetaria ; 26 19:17 Luna 4°,7 a nord di Alfa Virginis 15 L NGC 6543 (“Occhio di Gatto”) nel Drago 27 21:30 Minimo di Algol, ben osservabile 1514: nasce l’astronomo e matematico austriaco 28 14:08 Venere 2' a sud di Theta Capricorni 16 M Georg Joachim Rheticus 29 18:44 Luna 3°,2 a nord di Marte VISIBILITÀ DEI PIANETI Mercurio è visibile all'alba per tutto il mese; Venere è visibile all’alba; Marte è visibile nella seconda parte della notte in Bilancia; nuovo Giove è visibile per quasi tutta la notte in Leone; Saturno è visibile al mattino in Ofiuco;Urano è visibile di sera in Pesci; Nettuno è visibile di sera fino all’8, in Acquario.
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