China's Global Military Power Projection Challenge to the United
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China's Aircraft Carrier Ambitions
CHINA’S AIRCRAFT CARRIER AMBITIONS An Update Nan Li and Christopher Weuve his article will address two major analytical questions. First, what are the T necessary and suffi cient conditions for China to acquire aircraft carriers? Second, what are the major implications if China does acquire aircraft carriers? Existing analyses on China’s aircraft carrier ambitions are quite insightful but also somewhat inadequate and must therefore be updated. Some, for instance, argue that with the advent of the Taiwan issue as China’s top threat priority by late 1996 and the retirement of Liu Huaqing as vice chair of China’s Central Military Commission (CMC) in 1997, aircraft carriers are no longer considered vital.1 In that view, China does not require aircraft carriers to capture sea and air superiority in a war over Taiwan, and China’s most powerful carrier proponent (Liu) can no longer infl uence relevant decision making. Other scholars suggest that China may well acquire small-deck aviation platforms, such as helicopter carriers, to fulfi ll secondary security missions. These missions include naval di- plomacy, humanitarian assistance, disaster relief, and antisubmarine warfare.2 The present authors conclude, however, that China’s aircraft carrier ambitions may be larger than the current literature has predicted. Moreover, the major implications of China’s acquiring aircraft carriers may need to be explored more carefully in order to inform appropriate reactions on the part of the United States and other Asia-Pacifi c naval powers. This article updates major changes in the four major conditions that are necessary and would be largely suffi cient for China to acquire aircraft carriers: leadership endorsement, fi nancial affordability, a relatively concise naval strat- egy that defi nes the missions of carrier operations, and availability of requisite 14 NAVAL WAR COLLEGE REVIEW technologies. -
Bibliography
Bibliography Books and reports Blandford, R.D. (Chair) New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics Committee for a Decadal Survey of Astronomy and Astrophysics, National Research Council, 2010 Bondi, Hermann. et al Pioneering in Outer Space Heinemann Educational Books, 1971 Clarke, Arthur C. The Exploration of Space Temple Press, London, 1951 Department of Energy/NASA Satellite Power Systems Concept Development and Evaluation Program. DoE/NASA, October 1978 http://www.nss.org/settlement/ssp/library/1978DOESPS-ReferenceSystemReport.pdf Satellite Power Systems (SPS) Space Transportation Cost Analysis and Evaluation. DoE/NASA, November 1980 http://www.nss.org/settlement/ssp/library/1980DOESPS- SpaceTransportationCostAnalysis.pdf Dick, Steven J. (editor) Remembering the Space Age: Proceedings of the 50th Anniversary Conference. NASA SP-2008-4703, 2008 http://history.nasa.gov/Remembering_Space_Age_A.pdf © Springer International Publishing AG 2017 235 M. van Pelt, Dream Missions, Springer Praxis Books, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-53941-6 236 Bibliography Dyson, George Project Orion: The True Story of the Atomic Spaceship Henry Holt & Company, Inc., USA, 2002 Ehricke, Krafft A. Solar Transportation In Space Age in Fiscal Year 2001, Proceedings of the Fourth AAS Goddard Memorial Symposium American Astronautical Society, 1966 Friedman, Louis. Human Spaceflight, from Mars to the Stars The University of Arizona Press, 2015 Gatland, Kenneth W. & Bono, Philip Frontiers of Space Blandford Press, UK, 1969 Hansen, James R. Chapter 9, Skipping “The Next Logical Step” in Spaceflight Revolution; NASA Langley Research Center from Sputnik to Apollo NASA History Series SP-4308, USA, 1994 http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4308/ch9.htm Koelle, Heinz-Hermann. Nova and Beyond, a Review of Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle Concepts in the Post-Saturn Class Technical University Berlin, Germany, 2001 Konecci, Eugene B. -
A Brief Review on Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System
International Journal of Mechanical And Production Engineering, ISSN: 2320-2092, Volume- 5, Issue-6, Jun.-2017 http://iraj.in A BRIEF REVIEW ON ELECTROMAGNETIC AIRCRAFT LAUNCH SYSTEM 1AZEEM SINGH KAHLON, 2TAAVISHE GUPTA, 3POOJA DAHIYA, 4SUDHIR KUMAR CHATURVEDI Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India E-mail: [email protected] Abstract - This paper describes the basic design, advantages and disadvantages of an Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS) for aircraft carriers of the future along with a brief comparison with traditional launch mechanisms. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the feasibility of EMALS for the next generation indigenous aircraft carrier INS Vishal. I. INTRODUCTION maneuvering. Depending on the thrust produced by the engines and weight of aircraft the length of the India has a central and strategic location in the Indian runway varies widely for different aircraft. Normal Ocean. It shares the longest coastline of 7500 runways are designed so as to accommodate the kilometers amongst other nations sharing the Indian launch for such deviation in takeoff lengths, but the Ocean. India's 80% trade is via sea routes passing scenario is different when it comes to aircraft carriers. through the Indian Ocean and 85% of its oil and gas Launch of an aircraft from a mobile platform always are imported through sea routes. Indian Ocean also requires additional systems and methods to assist the serves as the locus of important international Sea launch because the runway has to be scaled down, Lines Of Communication (SLOCs) . Development of which is only about 300 feet as compared to 5,000- India’s political structure, industrial and commercial 6,000 feet required for normal aircraft to takeoff from growth has no meaning until its shores are protected. -
BUDGET ADDRESS 2006 Delivered in the House of Assembly on Monday 23Rd January, 2006 by Prime Minister and Minister of Finance Dr
BUDGET ADDRESS 2006 Delivered in the House of Assembly on Monday 23rd January, 2006 By Prime Minister and Minister of Finance Dr. The Honourable Ralph Gonsalves INTRODUCTION Mr. Speaker, Honourable Members On December 7, 2005, the people of St. Vincent and the Grenadines overwhelming re-elected the Unity Labour Party (ULP) to govern our magnificent country for another five-year term. The ULP secured a whopping 56 per cent of the valid votes cast and won 12 of the 15 seats. This landslide electoral victory was a massive endorsement of the ULP administration’s policies, programmes and performance. It is, too, a mandate for the ULP to consolidate, to refine, to deepen, and to extend its excellent work, policy framework and programmatic platform, as articulated in its Manifesto 2005, Better By Far! and the ULP Youth Manifesto 2005. A copy of each of these Manifestos was tendered as documents of this Honourable House during the recent debate on the 2006 Estimates. Mr. Speaker, it is unfortunate that the overall losers in the recently-concluded general elections unfairly maligned the sound reputation of our country and the good name of honest public officials and political leaders by falsely alleging that they — the overall losers — were in possession of “overwhelming evidence” of electoral fraud and electoral irregularities on a scale so large as to vitiate the verdict of the electorate. They falsely alleged that there was somehow a conspiracy of monumental proportions, involving election officials and the top brass of the Unity Labour Party, to steal the elections. They further alleged, falsely too, that the elections were in fact stolen and that they had the so-called “overwhelming evidence” to prove it all in the High Court by way of election petitions. -
ICAO Safety Report |2020
SAFETY Safety Report 2020 Edition Foreword A Coordinated, Risk-based Approach to Improving Global Aviation Safety The air transport industry plays a major role in global economic activity and development. One of the key elements to maintaining the vitality of civil aviation is to ensure safe, secure, efficient and environmentally sustainable operations at the global, regional and national levels. A specialized agency of the United Nations, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) was established in 1944 to promote the safe and orderly development of international civil aviation throughout the world. ICAO promulgates Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) to facilitate harmonized regulations in aviation safety, security, efficiency and environmental protection on a global basis. Today, ICAO manages over 12 000 SARPs across the 19 Annexes and five Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS) to the Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago Convention), many of which are constantly evolving in tandem with latest developments and innovations. ICAO serves as the primary forum for co-operation in all fields of civil aviation among its 193 Member States. Improving the safety of the global air transport system is ICAO’s guiding and most fundamental strategic objective. The Organization works constantly to address and enhance global aviation safety through the following coordinated activities: • Policy and Standardization; • Monitoring of key safety trends and indicators; • Safety Analysis; and • Implementing programmes to address safety issues. The ICAO Global Aviation Safety Plan (GASP) presents the strategy in support of the prioritization and continuous improvement of aviation safety. The GASP sets the goals and targets and outlines key safety enhancement initiatives (SEIs) aimed at improving safety at the international, regional and national levels. -
The Chinese Navy: Expanding Capabilities, Evolving Roles
The Chinese Navy: Expanding Capabilities, Evolving Roles The Chinese Navy Expanding Capabilities, Evolving Roles Saunders, EDITED BY Yung, Swaine, PhILLIP C. SAUNderS, ChrISToPher YUNG, and Yang MIChAeL Swaine, ANd ANdreW NIeN-dzU YANG CeNTer For The STUdY oF ChINeSe MilitarY AffairS INSTITUTe For NATIoNAL STrATeGIC STUdIeS NatioNAL deFeNSe UNIverSITY COVER 4 SPINE 990-219 NDU CHINESE NAVY COVER.indd 3 COVER 1 11/29/11 12:35 PM The Chinese Navy: Expanding Capabilities, Evolving Roles 990-219 NDU CHINESE NAVY.indb 1 11/29/11 12:37 PM 990-219 NDU CHINESE NAVY.indb 2 11/29/11 12:37 PM The Chinese Navy: Expanding Capabilities, Evolving Roles Edited by Phillip C. Saunders, Christopher D. Yung, Michael Swaine, and Andrew Nien-Dzu Yang Published by National Defense University Press for the Center for the Study of Chinese Military Affairs Institute for National Strategic Studies Washington, D.C. 2011 990-219 NDU CHINESE NAVY.indb 3 11/29/11 12:37 PM Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the contributors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Department of Defense or any other agency of the Federal Government. Cleared for public release; distribution unlimited. Chapter 5 was originally published as an article of the same title in Asian Security 5, no. 2 (2009), 144–169. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Used by permission. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Chinese Navy : expanding capabilities, evolving roles / edited by Phillip C. Saunders ... [et al.]. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. -
Incredible Results in IAS 2013 5 Ranks 62 Ranks in Top 50 Ranks in the Final List
RESULTS Incredible results in IAS 2013 5 Ranks 62 Ranks in Top 50 Ranks in the final list Rank 9 Rank 12 Rank 23 Rank 40 Rank 46 Divyanshu Jha Neha Jain Prabhav joshi Gaurang Rathi Udita Singh We broke our past record in IAS 2014 6 Ranks 12 Ranks 83 Ranks in Top 50 in Top 100 Overall Selections Rank 4 Rank 5 Rank 16 Rank 23 Rank 28 Rank 39 Vandana Rao Suharsha Bhagat Ananya Das Anil Dhameliya Kushaal Yadav Vivekanand T.S We did it again in IAS 2015 5 Ranks 14 Ranks 162 Ranks in Top 50 in Top 100 In The Final List Rank 20 Rank 24 Rank 25 Rank 27 Rank 47 Vipin Garg Khumanthem Chandra Pulkit Garg Anshul Diana Devi Mohan Garg Agarwal And we’ve done it yet again in IAS 2016 8 Ranks 18 Ranks 215 Ranks in Top 50 in Top 100 In The Final List Rank 2 Rank 5 Rank 12 Rank 30 Rank 32 Anmol Sher Abhilash Tejaswi Prabhash Avdhesh Singh Bedi Mishra Rana Kumar Meena And we’ve done it yet again in IAS 2017 5 Ranks 34 Ranks 236 Ranks in Top 10 in Top 100 In The Final List Rank 3 Rank 6 Rank 8 Rank 9 Rank 10 Sachin Koya sree Anubhav Saumya Abhishek Gupta Harsha Singh Sharma Surana Ashima Abhijeet Varjeet Keerthi Utsav Gaurav Abhilash Vikramaditya Vishal Mittal Sinha Walia Vasan V Gautam Kumar Baranwal Singh Malik Mishra Rank-12 Rank-19 Rank-21 Rank-29 Rank-33 Rank-34 Rank-44 Rank-48 Rank-49 Sambit Bodke Akshat Jagdish Hirani Swapneel Jyoti Pushp Amol Mishra Digvijay Govind Kaushal Chelani Adityavikram Paul Sharma Lata Srivastava Rank-51 Rank-54 Rank-55 Rank-57 Rank-60 Rank-64 Rank-75 Rank-80 Rank-83 Prateek Amilineni Sangh Rahul Kathawate Vaibhava Videh Plash -
China's Logistics Capabilities for Expeditionary Operations
China’s Logistics Capabilities for Expeditionary Operations The modular transfer system between a Type 054A frigate and a COSCO container ship during China’s first military-civil UNREP. Source: “重大突破!民船为海军水面舰艇实施干货补给 [Breakthrough! Civil Ships Implement Dry Cargo Supply for Naval Surface Ships],” Guancha, November 15, 2019 Primary author: Chad Peltier Supporting analysts: Tate Nurkin and Sean O’Connor Disclaimer: This research report was prepared at the request of the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission to support its deliberations. Posting of the report to the Commission's website is intended to promote greater public understanding of the issues addressed by the Commission in its ongoing assessment of U.S.-China economic relations and their implications for U.S. security, as mandated by Public Law 106-398 and Public Law 113-291. However, it does not necessarily imply an endorsement by the Commission or any individual Commissioner of the views or conclusions expressed in this commissioned research report. 1 Contents Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................................................... 3 Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................................... 4 Methodology, Scope, and Study Limitations ........................................................................................................ 6 1. China’s Expeditionary Operations -
Tailoring Deterrence for China in Space for More Information on This Publication, Visit
C O R P O R A T I O N KRISTA LANGELAND, DEREK GROSSMAN Tailoring Deterrence for China in Space For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RRA943-1. About RAND The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. To learn more about RAND, visit www.rand.org. Research Integrity Our mission to help improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis is enabled through our core values of quality and objectivity and our unwavering commitment to the highest level of integrity and ethical behavior. To help ensure our research and analysis are rigorous, objective, and nonpartisan, we subject our research publications to a robust and exacting quality-assurance process; avoid both the appearance and reality of financial and other conflicts of interest through staff training, project screening, and a policy of mandatory disclosure; and pursue transparency in our research engagements through our commitment to the open publication of our research findings and recommendations, disclosure of the source of funding of published research, and policies to ensure intellectual independence. For more information, visit www.rand.org/about/principles. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © 2021 RAND Corporation is a registered trademark. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-1-9774-0703-0 Cover: Long March 5 Y2 by 篁竹水声 Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. -
The European Launchers Between Commerce and Geopolitics
The European Launchers between Commerce and Geopolitics Report 56 March 2016 Marco Aliberti Matteo Tugnoli Short title: ESPI Report 56 ISSN: 2218-0931 (print), 2076-6688 (online) Published in March 2016 Editor and publisher: European Space Policy Institute, ESPI Schwarzenbergplatz 6 • 1030 Vienna • Austria http://www.espi.or.at Tel. +43 1 7181118-0; Fax -99 Rights reserved – No part of this report may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or for any purpose with- out permission from ESPI. Citations and extracts to be published by other means are subject to mentioning “Source: ESPI Report 56; March 2016. All rights reserved” and sample transmission to ESPI before publishing. ESPI is not responsible for any losses, injury or damage caused to any person or property (including under contract, by negligence, product liability or otherwise) whether they may be direct or indirect, special, inciden- tal or consequential, resulting from the information contained in this publication. Design: Panthera.cc ESPI Report 56 2 March 2016 The European Launchers between Commerce and Geopolitics Table of Contents Executive Summary 5 1. Introduction 10 1.1 Access to Space at the Nexus of Commerce and Geopolitics 10 1.2 Objectives of the Report 12 1.3 Methodology and Structure 12 2. Access to Space in Europe 14 2.1 European Launchers: from Political Autonomy to Market Dominance 14 2.1.1 The Quest for European Independent Access to Space 14 2.1.3 European Launchers: the Current Family 16 2.1.3 The Working System: Launcher Strategy, Development and Exploitation 19 2.2 Preparing for the Future: the 2014 ESA Ministerial Council 22 2.2.1 The Path to the Ministerial 22 2.2.2 A Look at Europe’s Future Launchers and Infrastructure 26 2.2.3 A Revolution in Governance 30 3. -
2011 Budget Address by Dr
2011 BUDGET ADDRESS BY DR. The HONOURABLE RALPH E. GONSALVES PRIME MINISTER/MINISTER OF FINANCE AND ECONOMIC PLANNING Delivered Monday 24th January, 2011. FISCAL AND FINANCIAL STABILISATION, JOB CREATION, WEALTH CREATION, AND SOCIAL SAFETY AT THE TAIL-END OF THE RECESSION INTRODUCTION Mr. Speaker, Honourable Members, this is my tenth Budget Speech as Minister of Finance. It is being delivered in the immediate aftermath of the Unity Labour Party’s third successive electoral victory, a triumph secured in the most challenging economic circumstances, inclusive of the severe socio-economic dislocations caused by the passage of Hurricane Tomas on October 30, 2010. The 2011 Budget has been crafted in an external economic environment shaped by the global financial and economic meltdown of September 2008, and continuing. Currently, a marked unevenness in performance characterises the world economy. Countries in the European Union such as Portugal, Ireland, Greece, and Spain, the so-called PIGS, are experiencing severe fiscal and financial challenges, growing unemployment and lacklustre economic growth. In the United Kingdom, savage budgetary cuts have increased joblessness in a context where private-sector led demand has yet to take up the slack in government spending. In the USA, there is a faltering, uneven recovery, and there are signs that the American economy may be at the tail-end of its recession and the attendant adverse consequences. Japan is yet to emerge from its structural condition of low or no economic growth. Strong economic performance is evident among the BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China). So, too, in some other emerging economies and in developing economies in parts of Africa and Latin America. -
NIDS China Security Report 2021 China’S Military Strategy in the New Era
ISBN: 978-4-86482-088-2 NIDS CHINA SECURITY REPORT NIDS China Security Report 2021 China’s Military Strategy in the New Era National Institute for Defense Studies, Japan National Institute for Defense Studies, Japan NIDS China Security Report 2021 China’s Military Strategy in the New Era Published by The National Institute for Defense Studies 5-1 Honmura-cho, Ichigaya, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8808 Japan Website: http://www.nids.mod.go.jp Translated by INTERBOOKS Copyright © 2020 by the National Institute for Defense Studies, Japan All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without written, prior permission from the publisher. The China Security Report 2021 comprises NIDS researchers’ analyses and descriptions based on information compiled from open sources in Japan and overseas. The statements contained herein do not necessarily represent the official position of the Government of Japan or the Ministry of Defense. This publication is a translation of the Japanese version originally published in November 2020. ISBN978-4-86482-088-2 Printed in Japan NIDS China Security Report 2021 Contents Preface iii Summary v Acronyms and Abbreviations viii Introduction 2 Chapter 1: China’s Preparations for Informatized Warfare 1. Changes in China’s Military Strategy 6 (1) The Era of Mao Zedong (1927–1976): The Curse of the Final War and Active Defense 6 (2) The Era of Deng Xiaoping (1976–1989): A Break from the Final War and a Shift to Local War 7 (3) The Era of Jiang Zemin (1989–2004): Local Wars under High-Tech Conditions 9 (4) The Era of Hu Jintao (2004–2012): Informatized Local Wars 10 2.