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NYTT OM RUNER Meldingsblad Om Runeforskning NYTT OM RUNER Meldingsblad om runeforskning Nr. 18 2003 (publ. 2005) ISSN 0801-3756 Nytt om runer: Meldingsblad om runeforskning Nr. 18 (2003, publ. 2005) INNHOLD Nytt om runer, attende årgang . 3 Arbejdet ved Runologisk Laboratorium, København . 4 Die Runenarbeit am Seminar für deutsche Philologie (ehemals Arbeitsstelle: Germanische Altertumskunde), Göttingen . 11 Arbeidet ved Runearkivet, Oslo . 17 New Runic Find from Kałdus, Poland . 18 Verksamheten vid Runverket i Stockholm . 20 Nytt runfynd från Öland . 26 15:e internationella runologmötet, kalmarsundsområdet (Kalmar, Öland, Blekinge) 3–6 maj 2002 . 28 Runesten, Magt og Mindesmærker . 29 Dictionary of Proper Names in Scandinavian Viking Age Runic Inscriptions . 30 Dictionary of Proto-Nordic Personal Names . 31 Home page for Nytt om Runer . 32 Runic Bibliography for 2002 . 35 Supplements to the Runic Bibliographies for 2000 and 2001 . 51 Addresses of Centres for Runic Research . 55 Nytt om runer: Meldingsblad om runeforskning ISSN: 0801-3756 www.khm.uio.no/runenews Redaktør/Editor: James E. Knirk Medredaktører/ Michael Lerche Nielsen, K. Co-editors: Jonas Nordby, Henrik Williams Adresse/Address: Nytt om runer, c/o Runearkivet Kulturhistorisk museum, UiO bk l l 3 Nytt om runer, attende årgang Med dette foreligger den attende årgangen av Nytt om runer, to år for- sinket. Redaksjonen beklager forsinkelsen, som heller ikke denne gangen har vært til å unngå. Bl.a. kom de siste rapportene om runologiske ny- funn i 2002 til redaksjonen først i november/desember 2005. Redaktøren har fortsatt hatt mye å ta igjen i sitt øvrige arbeid i Rune- arkivet etter et avbrudd med tre års ordboksarbeid i København 2000– 2003. Imidlertid vil tidsskriftet bli prioritert høyt framover, og arbeidet med å få inn og redigere artikler vil bli intensivert. Nytt om runer 19 for 2004 planlegges publisert våren 2006, og årgang 20 for 2005 bør kunne trykkes samme høst. Dersom dette lykkes, vil tidsskriftet være nesten à jour i 2006. Siden redaktøren har fått innvilget forskningspermisjon i ett år fra oktober 2006, vil årgang 21 for 2006 nødvendigvis bli forsinket og ikke komme ut før en gang i 2007. En del av det redaksjonelle arbeidet med Nytt om runer har i år vært konsentrert om 5-årsbibliografien for 1995–1999. Dette er den første 5- årsbibliografien som blir tilgjengelig på Internett, men foreløpig dess- verre uten indekser, slik at søkemulighetene vil være begrenset. Det har ellers vært arbeidet mye med tidsskriftets internettsider. Det er hoved- sakelig meddelelser av interesse for runeforskere – spesielt omtalen av konferanser og opplysninger om nettressurser (runefonter, databaser, ord- bøker, internettpublikasjoner osv.) – som er blitt utvidet og omorganisert. Se ellers artikkelen om tidsskriftets hjemmeside på s. 32–34. Redaktøren ønsker i framtida å legge ut noen allmenne opplysninger om runer og runeinnskrifter på tidsskriftets internettsider slik at folk som tilfeldigvis kommer inn på sidene, vil kunne få en kort innføring i fag- området. Illustrasjonen på omslaget i år er spillebrikken fra Kałdus i Polen (se Michael Lerche Nielsens presentasjon på s. 18–19). Tegningen er laget av den polske arkeologen Wojciech Chudziak. Innskriften lyder: Jón á tafl, “Jon eier spillebrikken/spillet”. Redaktøren Nytt om runer 18 (2003, publ. 2005) 4 Arbejdet ved Runologisk Laboratorium, København Nyfund fra Danmark 2002 NYDAM SVÆRDSKEDEBESLAG/REMBØJLE Indskriften )harkilaR·ahti på den ene af de to spidser på sværdskede- beslaget af bronze fra de arkæologiske undersøgelser i Nydam Engmose, Sundeved, blev opdaget allerede i 1995 (se Nytt om runer 11 for 1996 (1997), 4f.); men i forbindelse med klargøringen til udstillingen “Sejrens Triumf” opdagede konservator Eva Salomonsen i 2002, at der også var svage runespor på den anden spids (Nationalmuseet NV 217x7311). Ind- skriften er kortere end den anden, men begynder på samme måde efter en lille indpunslet “sol” i omtrent samme afstand (7–8 mm) fra det for- højede midterstykke. I begge tilfælde skal runerne læses fra højre mod venstre, så den nye indskrift står på hovedet i forhold til den gamle. Den måler 12 mm fra første til sidste hovedstav, runernes højde aftager fra ca. 8 til 5 mm, og det er tydeligvis kun sekundære ridser og revner, der findes efter de fem runer. Skønt kun den nederste bistav kan påvises, må rune 5 snarest opfattes som en a-rune, og indskriften læses anul£a. Anula kan være et urnordisk mandsnavn, dannet med et velkendt diminutivs- suffiks -l-, og beslægtet med angelsaksisk Onela, gotisk Anala. Efter runeformerne at dømme er det mest sandsynligt, at hele ind- skriften er lavet på en gang; men læsefølgen er usikker: )harkilaR·ahti / anul£a eller anul£a / )harkilaR·ahti. Indskriften indeholder to mandsnavne, teoretisk set kunne ahti opfattes som en datidsform af ‘eje’, hvis Anula er et ejer- eller risternavn, og )harkilaR kunne i så fald være en tidligere ejer. Men denne tolkning af ahti må stadig anses for problematisk; et Nytt om runer 18 (2003, publ. 2005) Arbejdet ved Runologisk Laboratorium, København 5 forslag om at det skulle være et (finsk) mandsnavn forekommer ikke overbevisende. S ORTE MULD HJORTETAKSFRAGMENT Et smukt forarbejdet brudstykke af hjortetak med ældre runer fra Sorte Muld, Ibsker Sogn, Bornholm, er fundet ved rekognoscering med metal- detektor (Bornholms Museum 1191x1580, Nationalmuseet C 35315). I området, som navnlig er kendt på grund af de mange guldgubber, er der gjort fund fra ældre romersk jernalder til vikingetid. Fragmentet er knapt 4 cm langt og afsluttet med en smuk udskæring i den tykkeste ende. Det er tresidet, men i tværsnit nærmest halvcirkelformet, hvor det er højest måler det ca. 7 mm. Den ubehandlede underside er bredere end de to, ca. 10 mm høje, glatte, svagt buede runesider, der mødes i toppen. Stykket er brækket tværs over – midt i en rune på både A- og B-siden – og brud- det ser ud til at være gammelt. Runehøjden er ca. 10 mm og runerne er omhyggeligt udført med to- til firestregede hoved- og bistave, mange af bistavene er omhyggeligt lukket med en skråstreg yderst. De flerstregede, velbevarede runer, som vender toppene op mod hin- anden, læses fra højre mod venstre. På B-siden følger brudkanten foroven øjensynlig en bistav, af snarest en f-rune. Det er usikkert, men sandsyn- ligt, at indskriften begynder på den side, jeg har kaldt A, og slutter med den lidt “klemte” sidste R-rune på B-siden. A: balikaar?― B: ―!fulaRþewaR Tegning: Lisbeth Imer. Sorte Muld-fragmentet i sig selv ligner slående Lindholmen-amulet- ten fra Skåne, de venstrevendte indskrifter er rune-typologisk meget nært beslægtede og fælles om den sene, stavsatte variant af k-runen med en ret lang hovedstav og e-runen med vinkelbøjet forbindelseslinje. De fler- stregede runer ligner umiddelbart også f.eks. runerne fra Kragehul og indridsningerne på Nydam skaft 2 og 3 (se Arkæologiske Udgravninger i Danmark 1999 (2000), 285f.) samt det norske Ødemotland-fund (af tak). Nytt om runer 18 (2003, publ. 2005) 6 Arbejdet ved Runologisk Laboratorium, København Desværre er tolkningen og den syntaktiske sammenhæng helt usikker. En opdeling som både balika ar?― / ―!fulaRþewaR og ―!fulaRþewaR / balika ar?― er mulig. Kun þewaR er kendt i forvejen som en stillings- betegnelse, beslægtet med gotisk þius, ‘(ufri) tjener’, og som navneled, jf. kontinentale, germanske navneformer som Eggideo, Hamadeo og myto- logiske oldnordiske navne som Eggþér, Hamþér; men ―!fulaR (nomina- tiv) er snarest navnet (eller tilnavnet) på en þewaR. Det kan knyttes til både ‘ful’, ‘fuld’ og ‘føl’ – en af vikingetidsrunestenene fra Århus (DR 66) er rejst efter ful. Også balika kan tolkes som et mandsnavn i nomi- nativ, et diminutiv på -ika, til en rod *bal- med flere muligheder for til- knytning til kendt ordstof. Det kan være subjekt for et følgende verbum ar?―. DUESMINDE REMENDEBESLAG/FIBULA Dette remendebeslag er af frankisk oprindelse, af massivt sølv, ca. 7 × 3,4 cm, med bladornamentik og spor af forgyldning og niello (Lolland- Falsters Stiftsmuseum 75x27; Nationalmuseet J.nr. 8265/02). Det hører til et rigt sølv-skattefund (det fjerde fra Duesminde) i Vejleby Sogn, Lol- land. Det består af 50 enkeltdele, overvejende frankiske rem- og bælte- garniturer fra midten af 800-tallet samt enkelte nordiske stykker. Ifølge arkæologen Henrik Schilling er fundet nedlagt ca. 900–925. Remende- beslaget er blevet genbrugt som fibula og forsynet med en nu forsvunden jernnål, som har efterladt rustspor på bagsiden. Under rensningen op- dagede konservator Eva Salomonsen de ganske svage runespor, der er indridset med et spidst redskab, før nåleholderbeslagene blev sat på fib- len; efter slidspor at dømme har den været i brug en tid. Læsningen var vanskelig, dels på grund af rustsporene, dels på grund af en række kraftige ridser – som efter en fil – hen over runerne. Runehøjden er vanskelig at be- stemme, den første rune målte jeg først til 13 mm, men efter den sidste afrensning til 17 mm. f―ąrkhaiastbm!lr Nytt om runer 18 (2003, publ. 2005) Arbejdet ved Runologisk Laboratorium, København 7 k-runen må betegnes som noget usikker, hovedstavens forløb kan ikke fastlægges. Der er ingen tvivl om, at dette er en noget fejlfuld, ret tidlig version af vikingetidens 16-tegns-futhark, fuþąrkhniastbmlR. Rune 2 og 3 og bi- staven på rune 15 l er blevet skjult, da holderne til nålen blev sat på. De højtsiddende bistave på ą-runen (og m-runens form) minder om de fu- tharker, vi kender fra Gørlevstenen 1 og Maltstenen. Det er bemærkelses- værdigt, at sidste rune er stuprune-r istedet for R. HIMMELEV BLYPLADE Det lille blystykke (Roskilde Museum 1684, Nationalmuseet D 120/2002) – et detektorfund – er fra Veddelevgård, Himmelev Sogn, tæt ved Ros- kilde; det er ca. 3 cm langt, 8–15 mm bredt, 2–5 mm tykt. Runerne findes på den ene af de to brede sider og på den tykkeste af kantfladerne. Begge indskrifterne er ca. 2,6 cm lange og næppe fragmenter af en længere indskrift.
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