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Home , Council of Trent, Simony

The Decisions on Doctrine and Practice

• The church’s response to the Protestant • Few, if any, doctrinal (fundamental belief) changes Challenge is known as the Counter or were made by the Council of Trent the Catholic Reformation. The • Doctrine that was re-affirmed by the Council needed to included: figure out how • The necessity of both faith and works for to deal with (in response to Luther’s doctrine of - “faith alone”). hordes of • The and Church Tradition were equally people authoritative (in response to Luther’s claim of converting, and the authority of scripture). the Catholic • The authority of the was reaffirmed, Church needed and the necessity of (in response to stop the to Luther’s challenge of a personal salvation flow through direct prayer) • The Church began a series of meetings in 1545 in the • The Church’s interpretation of the Bible was Italian City of Trent that would last nearly 20 years. final- anyone who sought their own These meetings were held to address the Protestant interpretation threat to the Church. was a heretic • The Church had to evaluate doctrine (core beliefs) as (in response well as traditional practices in the wake of Protestant to Luther’s challenges, and thus, this Council is one of the most challenge of important in Church history. personal reading of scripture). Ignatius Loyola and The Jesuits Decisions on Practice

• Ignatius Loyola was originally a soldier in Spain’s • were reaffirmed army, but was severely wounded, and while he as a method to gain salvation, recuperated, read many religious texts. but the sale of indulgences • Ignatius decided to become a priest, and eventually, was forbidden. he founded a monastic order known as the Society of • Some of the most notorious - or the Jesuits. abuses such as (the • The Jesuits were an buying or selling of a church important part of the Counter office) were abolished, and to Reformation’s attempt to discourage reestablish Catholicism’s (favoritism shown to dominance. They were a fiery relatives), Church order determined to spread appointments were Catholicism, thus they became scrutinized. the missionary and teaching • Reforms were established wing of the Catholic Church. concerning the education and moral conduct of Most priests who spread priests, monks, and . Catholicism in New World • The (Church Court) was revived to help colonial possessions were Jesuits combat . • The Index was created- which was basically a list of books banned by the Church.

Name: ______

Answer the questions on a separate piece of paper in complete sentences

Questions:

1. What was the Counter-Reformation?

2. Why did the Church feel the need to address the Protestant threat?

3. What was the Council of Trent? How long did it last? Why did the Church call it?

4. What did the Church evaluate at the Council?

5. What doctrinal changes were made?

6. What doctrine was re-affirmed?

a. Doctrine:

b. Doctrine:

c. Doctrine:

d. Doctrine:

7. Which practices were addressed?

a. Practice of:

b. Practice of:

c. Practice of:

d. Practice of:

e. Practice of:

8. Who was Ignatius Loyola? What did he do?

9. What role did/do the Jesuits play in the Catholic Church?