10526 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE AUGUST 23 Potsdam Mr. Truman took the same posi on the Kurile Islands, he said that he did Tennessee Valley Authority for the term ex tion as to the Silesian area, making it plain not know the exact time but that it was piring 9 years after May 18, 1951, vice James that it was an agreement, and that at the some time last summer previous to the Pots P. Pope. proper time this Government would sup dam Conference. He added that it was nec RENEGOTIATION BOARD port it. essary for him to be familiar with the agree The following-named persons to be mem- In reply to a query, the Secretary said that ment before attending the Potsdam Confer bers of the Renegotiation Board: the agreement was signed on the last day of ence. Asked whether he had found the Lawrence E. Hartwig, of Michigan . the Conference, a fact which he thought was . agreement, Mr. Truman said that it had John Hubbard Joss, of Indiana. the explanation of his knowing nothing never been lost, that it had been filed in John Theodore Koehler, of Maryland. about it. Asked whether the agreement was the private files of the President of the Frank L. Roberts, of Michigan. formalized in writing, Mr. Byrnes replied in United States, that it was there all the time. the affirmative. He declared that he had no Questioned about the likelihood of making IN THE NATIONAL GUARD criticism of anybody about his not knowing the agreement public, the President exl The officers named herein for appointment of it, for there were very good reasons at plained that the State Department was in in the National Guard of the United States that time why it should be kept a top secret. quiring of Great Britain and the Soviet of the Army of the Unit~d States under the Calling attention to the fact that the Soviet Union to determine whether they have any provisions of section 38 of the National De Government took the position that it would objections, adding that if they do not it will . fense Act as amended: take 90 days for them to move their troops be made public. Asked whether the agree To be major general of the line from Germany to participate in the war ment was in the form of a treaty, the Presi against Japan, the Secretary pointed out that dent replied that it was just like the Yalta Maj. Gen. Joseph Carson Hutchison, in February, as the Soviets were starting and Potsdam agreements. Asked whether 0209436, Florida National Guard, to date their drive that culminated in the collapse any more of these agreements would be from March 1, 1951. of Germany on the eastern front, it was brought up later, the President said that he To be brigadier generals, Adjutant General's exceedingly important that a statement of couldn't answer that, but added that most Corps this kind should not have been made be of them had been made public. He .ex Brig. Gen. Gerard William Kelley, 0235809, cause it would have been information to plained that this type of an agreement con New York National Guard, ·to date from Japan that the Soviet Union was going into stituted a wartime understanding between March 1, 1951. the war. Asked whether Stalin had agreed the Allies as to the best method of using Brig. Gen. Fred William Makinney, 012469, to enter the Far Eastern war earlier in the their combined forces to win the war. In Territory of Hawaii National Guard, to date Conference the Secretary said that that was reply to a question, the President denied from March 1, 1951. his understanding. Asked whether it was at that the United States was demanding air Brig. Gen. Joe Nickell, 0246192, Kansas Yalta that there was understanding that it bases on the Kuriles. National Guard, to date from June 18, 1951. would take 90 days to move to the Far East, Mr. Byrnes said that it was stated to the Mr. WATKINS. I yield the floor. United States military people there. Asked EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED CONFIRMATION whether, at the time that the agreement about the islands was entered into, it was As in executive session, Executive nomination confirmed by the entered into with full knowledge of the The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. BUT Senate August 22 10552 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE AUGUST 23 the :figures "$3,200,000", to insert "of The next amendment was, on page 31, The next amendment was, on page 37, which not to exceed $3,035,932 shall be line 20, after the figures "$7,000,000", to line 14, after the word "ammunition", available for personal services, and." insert "of which not to exceed $5,646,654 to strike out "$225,000" and insert "$350,- Th& amendment was agreed to. shall be available for personal services.'' 000, of which not to exceed $315,753 shall The next amendment was, under the The amendment was agreed to. be available for personal services." subhead "Salaries and expenses, United · The next amendment was, on page 32, The amendment was agreed to. States attorneys and marshals," on page line 11, after the :figures "$200,000", to in The next amendment was, on page 37 21, line 11, after the :figures "$12,990,000", sert "of which not to exceed $147,812 · lin~ 19, after the word "contracts", t~ to insert "of which not to exceed $10,- shall be available for personal services." strike out "$1,883,000" and insert 316,390 shall be available for personal The amendment was agreed to. "$1,874,562, of which not to exceed $75,- services, and." The next amendment was, under the 937· shall ·be available for personal The amendment was agreed to. subhead "Civil Aeronautics Administra services." The next amendment was, under the tion," on page 33, line 7, after the :figures The amendment was agreed to. subhead "Salaries and expenses, claims "$99,100,000'', to insert "of which not to of persons of Japanese ancestry," on page exceed $75,971,477 shall be available for The next amendment was, at the top 22, line 7, after the word "expenses", to personal services." of page 38, to insert: insert "and of which not to exceed $219,- The amendment was agreed to. Transport Aircraft Development: For ex 800 shall be available for personal serv The next amendment was, on page 34, p~nses necessary for carrying put the pro 9, visions of the act of September 30 1950 ices." line after the word "expended", to (Public Law 8137), relating to the de~elop The amendment was agreed to. strike out "$20,000,000" and insert ment of improved transport aircraft, in The next amendment was, under the "$25,000,000, of which not to exceed cluding hire of aircraft; and services as au 'subhead "Federal Bureau of Investiga $4,965,300 shall be available for personal thorized by section 15 of the act of August 2, tion-Salaries and expenses," on page services and." 1946 (5 U.S. C. 55a), at rates for individuals 23, line 12, after the :figures "$90,000,000", The amendment was agreed to. not in excess of $50 per diem; $597,500, to to insert, "of which not to exceed $78,- The next amendment was, on page 35, remain available until e.xpended, -of which not to exceed $22,500 shall be available for 473,211 shall be available for personal line 22, after the figures "$1,200,000", to personal services. services." insert "of which not to exceed $916,063 The amendment was agreed to. shall be available for personal services." Mr. McCARRAN. Mr. President The next amendment was, under the The amendment was agreed to. there is an amendment to be offered subhead "Immigration and Naturaliza The next amendment was, on page 36, to this amendment, and it should go over. tion Service-Salaries and expenses," on line 5, after the word "ammunition", to The PRESIDING OFFICER. There is page 25, line 8, after the :figures "$36,- strike out "$1,300,000" and insert "$1,- no amendment at the desk. 400,000'', to insert "of which not to ex 257 ,984, of which not to exceed $828,145 Mr. DOUGLAS. I ask that it go over. ceed $30,159,900 shall be available for shall be available for personal services." I drafted an amendment to eliminate personal services.'' The amendment was agreed to. this appropriation. The amendment was agreed to. The next amendment was, on page 36, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The The next amendment was, under the line 13, after "June 30", to strike out amendment will be passed over. The subhead "Federal Prison System-Sal "1954" and insert "1958"; in the same next amendment will be stated. aries and expenses, Bureau of Prisons," line, after the amendment just above The next amendment was, under the on page 26, line 9, after the :figures "$23,- stated, to strike out "$35,840,000" and in- sert "$28,700,000." · subhead "Civil Aeronautics Board" on 500,000", to insert "of which not to exceed page 38, line 18, after the word "fteld" $15,387,450 shall be available for per Mr. McCARRAN. Mr. President, to insert "purchase 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10557 to part· of the impassioned remarks of Mr. WELKER. r hope the Senator Michigan [Mr. MoonYJ asked some ques the Senator from Ohio [Mr. BRICKER] from New York has read the bill which tions with respect to the effect of the charging that the message of the Presi we have sent to the desk. His state bill which has been introduced. Cer dent was "playing politics." ments indicate that he has not read this tainly, as I heard and interpreted the Time and time again the President bill. We have asked for exactly what answer, it was to the effect that it would warned that the kind of defense produc the President of the United States de not repeal the vicious effects of the tion bill which passed the Senate, which manded in his message received by the Capehart amendment. among many other defects prohibited Senate about an hour ago. I wish to say that it is only because roll-backs, incorporated the Capehart Mr. PreSident, I ask this question, Is the unwisdom of the law has been dem amendment, and wiped out slaughtering the President sincere in this request? onstrated that the shoe pinches. I quotas would inevitably lead to higher If he is, Why did he wait so long and listened to the explosive and unjustified prices, to· the great detriment and dis send this message to the Senate 3 hours attack on the President of the United tress of the people of this country and after the recess of the House of Repre States by the junior Senator from Ohio. to the Nation's whole economy. sentatives, and after they have gone The President of the United States is not Not only did the President give that home for 3 weeks, because of which, playing politics. I hope that my col warning, but many of us in the debate as the President well knew, it will be leagues in the Senate will also not play on this legislation gave the same warning impossible for the House of Representa politics. · in no uncertain terms, and begged our tives even to consider this matter until STATE, JUSTICE, COMMERCE, AND JUDI colleagues to meet the situation and to they return about the middle of Sep CIARY APPROPRIATIONS, 1952 realize that inflation, suffering, and in tember? justice were inevitable. Now, when we Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. President, may I The Senate resumed the consideration are faced with increasing inflation due to answer? of the bill 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE ~ 10567. Mr. President, in a summ~ry of an ad to the principle of reciprocity, if any in fact It breaks up old nationalities and carries dress which I delivered on the floor of the existed. antagonism of proletariat and bourgeoisie to Senate on February 27, 1951, I said: . Under the 1934 Trade Agreements Act the the uttermost point. In a word, the free- State Department may select the industries . trade system hastens the social revolution. The two vital functions of government that are to survive-and those to be sacri In this revolutionary sense alone, gentlemen, were pointedly separated and delegated by :ficed on the altar of "one economic world'." I am in favor of free trade. the Constitution of the United States: Eighth. Only recurring "emergencies" have A. To the Congress of the United States, the averted a complete collapse of our national Mr. President, at that point I interrupt legislative branch: The regulation of the economy under the 1934 Trade Agreements reading from Karl Marx, to say that the national economy through its jurisdiction Act as administered by the State Department. principle has not changed in 102 years over foreign commerce by adjusting tariffs In peacetime the products of low-wage since he, the outstanding Communist of and import fees, and other factors. living-standard labor come in unchecked and all times, said, in effect, that free trade B. To the President, the executive branch: displace American workers, thus destroying The fixing of the foreign policy. destroys the workingman. Now, since the American market. the investment in industry has risen Mr. President, I then proceeded to Ninth. With the lapse of the 1934 Trade Agreements Act the flexible provision of the from a few dollars per employed man to name 10 ways by which the Congress 1930 Tariff Act takes over. Congress can then an average of approximately $10,000, the could place American workingmen and improve its operation and the trade agree investor is an equal victim. American investors back into the com ments already in effect through the offered BRITAIN D~S UNITED STATES petitive world picture. I ask unanimous amendment, Senate bill 981, under which a consent to have my statement of these market is immediately established for all for Mr. President, Britai!l of course has 10 ways or conditions, as set forth in my eign goods on the basis of fair and reasonable defied the United States in regard to summary of that address, printed at this competition. Britain's trade with Russia and the iron point in the RECORD. Any improvement in their wage-living curtain countries. Mr. Shawcross, of standards would be recognized by a corre Britain, has said that trade with Russia There being no objection, the portion sponding reduction in the tariff or import of the summary was ordered to be fee and when their standards approximate is a necessity for Britain, and that Brit printed in the RECORD, as follows: our own then the common objective of free ain intends to continue that trade. The First. Congress should immediately re trade would be the almost immediate and British have defied u::: and in spite of cover its constitutional responsibility to automatic result. this tnere are Members of the United regulate foreign trade through the adjust Tenth. Under the flexible import fee prin States Senate who will continue to vote ment of tariffs and import fees-through ciple as laid down in the 1930 Tariff Act and to give the British money. This time the simple expedient of allowing the 1984 in the offered amendment, Senate bill 981, that amount of money, when added to Trade Agreements Act (so-called reciprocal there is no consideration of a higp or a low the lesser amounts to be voted by us for trade act) to expire on June 12, 1951. tariff or import fee. other countries, will be $8,500,000,000. Second. The flexible provision, section 336 The principle of "fair and reasonable" In 1948, 1949, and 1950 the junior of the 1930 Tariff Act, is in full force and competition is the sole criterion represent effect on all products not covered by any ing the differential of cost of production due Senator from Nevada pointed out that trade agreement. to the difference in the wage-living stand production is not the exclusive problem In the event that Congress does not extend ards, inflation, manipulation of currencies, of a nation. Any nation can produce. the 1934 Trade Agreements Act the flexible and other pertinent factors. The bill im Any ifldividual can produce. But mar provision of the 1930 Tariff Act will again mediately establishes an American market kets are needed to absorb that which become operative. Under this provision the for foreign goods on a definite basis, reestab is produced. We forgot the markets. Tariff Commission may raise or lower tariffs lishing the principle of a floor under wages What the Senate wanted to do and what or import fees 50 percent, after .Proper hear and investments. the House wanted to do was to increase ings, to equalize differences in cost of pro Europe's production. What was to be duction in the United States and in the Mr. MALONE. Mr. President, GATT principal competing countries. is simply an adaptation of the Karl Marx done after we increased their production Third. The very fact that an industrially principle. I shall quote now from a is a Point which had not been thought inexperienced State Department may tam statement by Karl Marx, the founder through. per with any tariff or import fee at any time and leader of the Communist movement. Every time the subject came up, the endangers the floor under wages and invest He made a very significant address more junior Senator from Nevada said we ments-and prevents the flow of venture than 102 years ago on the subject of were arming Russia and the iron-curtain '· capital into the business stream of the Na free trade. He spoke before the Demo countries, and he placed in the RECORD, tion even in time of emergency, since in a list of the trade agreements already vestors know that when - the emergency is cratic Club-that name must be a co over the investment is destroyed through incidence-at Brussels, Belgium, on made, as evidence that we were arming foreign sweatshop labor competition. January 9, 1848. At that time he said: them. . This was denied by several Sena They are wrecking the national economy In his celebrated work upon Political tors on the Senate floor. It was said of this Nation under the cover of war. Economy, he- · that no director of the Marshall plan Fourth. The expiration of the 1934 Trade would allow such a thing to happen. Agreements Act in no way affects the so Referring to Ricardo, the leading Well, it did, and we found the director called trade agreements already made and economist of his time- promoting sales of the products of other in effect for any definite period, and they /says: "If instead of growing our own countries-not only allowing it, but as continue in effect following that definite corn "' "' "' we discover a new market sisting in actually promoting the sales of period unless and until 6 months' notice of from which we can supply ourselves "' "' • cancellation is formally given. at a cheaper price, wages will fall and profits foreign products in this country. Fifth. The haphazard lowering of the floor will rise. The fall in the price of agricul Of course, as the junior Senator from under wages and investments represented tural produce reduces the wages, not only of Nevada said in 1948, 1949, and 1950 in by the tariffs and import fees destroys the the laborer employed in cultivating the soil, connection with the extension of the American workingman and shifts his job to but also of all those employed in commerce Marshall plan and the ECA, if we at foreign soil. As a result many of our mines, or manufacture." · tached a condition to our aid to Europe mills, and factories have been closed, our which precluded the trading with Com fuel production curtailed, and farm produc Further, in the course of the address which he delivered at that time, Karl munist nations, Russia's plot would fall. tion saved only by subsidies. It would fall simply because the Soviet Sixth. "Reciprocal trade" is a misnomer. Marx said this : Trade agreements are not made under the Besides thls, the protective system helps to Government cannot produce the goods act. They a.re agreements with a foreign develop free competition within a nation. necessary to hold her Eastern European nation to lower tariffs and import fees. Such Hence we see that in countries where the countries, or to consolidate her gains in foreign nation then resorts to import quotas, bourgeoisie is beginning to make itself felt any other country, such as China, and embargoes, specifications, and manipulation as a class, in Germany for example, it makes probably could not even hold her own in of their currencies to void the benefits given great efforts to obtain protective duties. Russia. the United States. "Reciprocal trade" was They serve the bourgeoisie as weapons against CONDITIONS TO OUR AID a catch phrase to sell free trade to the feudalism and absolute monachy, as a means American people and wreck the national for the concentration of its own powers for But little attention was paid to the economy. the realization of free trade within the suggestions which the junior Senator Seventh. The use of the most-favored country. from Nevada made at that time for pre nation clause under which concessions made But, generally speaking, the protective cluding trade with iron-curtain coun to any single nation are immediately ex system in these days is conservative, while tries, Russian, or any other Communist tended to all others is diametrically opposed the free-trade system works destructively. nation. 10568 CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD-SENATE AUGUST 23 UNITED STATES OF EUROPE M. Shvernik, President of the Soviet Union, behind the iron curtain; in the implied ques Likewise, only scant attention was to President Truman dealt with United tioning as to willingness or resolve of the paid to my plea for a United States ·of States limitations on or interference with satellite populations to stay firmly with their exports of goods or information to the Soviet masters in an all-out war in Europe. Europe, to do away with the rivalry be Union. They have noted too that one of Economic and military information about tween the nations, a union which Ger the major themes being pushed in News, Soviet Russia is imperfect and incomplete. many and Spain could join, just as Moscow's English-language magazine, is the Through the postwar years the iron shroud individual States became members of the necessity of restoring East-West trade. has veiled anc'~ clouded the true extent of Union here in America. Such would In this magazine there has been an inter Russian recove1'f while their occasional have eliminated the necessity of support esting change of line. Whereas a few months boastings of production increases have been ing a complete government in each 'of ago such Soviet comment was contemptu most often stated in relatively meaningless ous of the western embargo and maintained percentages. Even from Russian sources the little European nations. Some of it could npt interfere with the country's therP. have been complaints about production these nations could get lost within one progress. News contends that such trade shortages, management inefficiencies, short county of my State of Nevada, and un would be mutually beneficial to both sides, ages of labor and cost wastes. · less a prospector happened to find them thus implying that the Soviet Union needs As long ago as 1946 Stalin informed the accidentally, they might be there for 10 and would benefit from expanded commerce. Russian people, and the world, that protec years before anyone found them. Never There is no longer the old one-sided emphasis tion from "all possible accidents" required theless, each of .the small European on the unemployed caused the West by the ·the E:oviet Union to reach an annual produc countries has a king or a dictator or trade restriction program. tion level of 60,000,000 tons of steel, 60,000,- Economic information about the Soviet 000 tons of oil and 500,000,000 tons of coal. a president who is highly paid. One Union itself is now near an all-time low be In modern warfare these are basic items. of them, King Leopold, was retired cause of increased Soviet censorship, but The best and most generous estimate of recently, and his son took his place. some recent items confirm the general im Soviet production today, 5 years after the They gave Leopold an annuity for life pression that serious shortages impede that goals were stated, is in the neighborhood of of $120,000. One hundred and twenty economy seriously today. 5 percent fulfillment in each case. thousand dollars is the pay of eight Sen Thus, it has been officially asserted that , One of the most vulnerable bottlenecks in ators. Mr. Leopold must have done the ·country can meet its nonferrous metals ' the Soviet economy is transportation. Nei something to be retired at $120,000 a requirements only if the greatly expanded ther before nor since Communist rule has nonferrous-metals scrap drive now going on the country had a modern or adequate rail year, paid from the taxpayers' pockets. meets its objectives. The situation is so way or ·highway system. When the war THE KING IS ON OUR PAYROLL tight that farmers have been informed that ended there were only a few thousand miles As mentioned earlier, there is now they· can get replacement parts for farm of modern highway in operation in the en a machinery only by turning in old parts if tire expanse of the country and neither these little princess, of England, a very beauti these require nonferrous metals. Similarly, nor the rail lines had effective semblance of ful, attractive young girl. We wish her new ball bearings can be obtained only by a national' pattern. Air transport has never all the luck in the world. but she now turning back old ones in the ratio of three be~n developed to an extent comparable to receives a salary of $16,800, ·which ·is old ones for two new ones. that in the west and it was the very short $1,800 more than a United States Sen One of the most important satellite needs coming in the Russians' thinking in this po ator receives. I suppose it is all right. today is farm machinery, particularly trac tential that left them baffled and defeated The King of England receives about tors and combines. If large' quantities were • by the Berlin airlift. available, the ·satellites could shift hundreds Whiie all of this does have encouraging $1,500,000 a year. Of course, that did of thousands of their people from agriculture implications to the free world and does in :r:ot interest the junior .Senator from to industry without endangering crop pro deed support General Eisenhower's disap Nevada.at all, until the King got on our duction. At present, however, such machin proval of a temper of "fright and hysteria" payroll. It is of interest to the Senator ery is becoming available only very slowly in the West, there are equally cogent reser now. All of this. paid by the American from the Soviet Union and from the new vations. taxpayer with approval of the Senate. satellite plants-, so that the growing man Hitler made a classic error in underesti I have here an article by Harry power needs of Eastern Europe cannot be mating the Russians and there were few for Schwartz, which was printed in the New adequately met from the rural population. eign observers, including American and Brit Similarly, the ambitious satellite in ish, who thought that Soviet resistance York Times, a very well-written article, dustrialization programs are believed to be could withstand the modern German mili which appears under the headline: j putting a strain upon Soviet machinery pro tary machine. While it is true that the dan West's Trade Ban Is Pinching Soviet; Eco duction. gerous extension of German supply lines and nomic Squeeze .Believed a Major Factor in certain Nazi occupation policies in the con Moscow's Recent Peace Offensive. Mr. MALONE. Mr. President, I have quered areas increased the vulnerability of an article entitled "Bottlenecks in Soviet the invaders, the final turn of the tide was I read f ram the article : Economy," which appeared in John C. accomplished by a tremendous build-up of Evidence is increasing that the ·economic Henry's column in the Washington Eve the powerful arms and the multitude of sup pinch caused by the increasingly effective ning Star of August 15, 1951. In this plies needed to. wage modern· warfare. Nor western ban on exports to the Soviet Union well-written article, he says, among was the volume of lend-lease, great as it was, is a major factor behind the Soviet peace other things: sufficient alone to provide this strength. It offensive of recent weeks. came in large measure from a Soviet capa Government analysts in Washington noted Doubts cast on Russian war potential have city that was channeled almost exclusively validity when resources and industrial ca and with surprising effectiveness into war that most of the complaints against United pacity are measured. States policy voiced in the letter of Nikolai materials. .In a totalitarian economy little M. Shvernik, President of the Soviet Union, In other words, without this European regard need be granted to civilian require to President Truman, dealt with United trade, without the trade from Europe, ments; human comforts and even human life States limitations on or interference with are the most expendable of commodities. exports of goods or information to the Soviet particularly England who has defied One more reservation, perhaps more im Union. America and will send Russia all the portant than all others, must not be over rubber, tin, and other materials they looked. That is the danger of applying a Mr. President, I ask unanimous con need, it is doubtful that Russia could western rationality to the Russian line of sent to have this article printed in the fight a war at all. I ask unanimous con thinking. To the masters of the Kremlin, RECORD at this point. sent to have this article printed in the communism is a religion in itself, a crusade There being no objection, the article RECORD at this point in my remarks. that is aggressive in its very nature. Captal ism is their enemy of the moment and the was ordered to be printed in the RECORD# There being. no objection, the article United States is the champion of capitalism. as follows: was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, Despite occasional mouthings to the con WEST'S TRADE BAN Is PINCHING SOVIET-ECO• as follows: trary they are convinced that communism NOMIC SQUEEZE BELIEVED A MAJOR FACTOR BOTTLENECKS IN SOVIET ECONOMY-DOUBTS and capitalism cannot live side by side in IN Moscow's RECENT PEACE OFFENSIVE CAST ON RUSSIAN WAR POTENTIAL HAVE VA today's world. To predicate our continuing (By Harry Schwartz) LIDITY WHEN RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIAL policies on any belief that the leaders of Evidence is increasing that the economic CAPACITY ARE MEASURED communism will grow tolerant or even defer aggression because of seeming matetialistic pinch caused by the increasingly effective Doubts cast on the Russian war .potential . western ban on exports to the Soviet Union odds against them could be, as General by both General Eisenhower and his Allied Gruenther has said, "a type of lunacy." is a major factor behind the Soviet peace Powers Chief of Staff, General Gruenther, offensive of recent weeks. have substantial validity when measurement Mr. MALONE. Mr. President, the Government analysts in Washington noted is made in terms of resources and industrial United States News and World Report, that most of the complaints against United capacity. They have validity also, and par in its issue of August 24, 1951, after out States policy voiced in the letter of Nikolai ticularly if aggression is to be initiated from lining certain conditions connected with 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10569 the trade between Russia and England · editorial entitled "Stop Supplying the All the commerce involved both ways be says in part: · ' Communists," by David Lawrence, a tween western and eastern Europe would However, ·united States officials may not very well written editorial. I ask unani probably not exceed a billion dollars a year care too much for a new twist in the latest mous consent to have that included in a fraction of the eight billions we are about trade deal between Britain and Russia. to appropriate. the RECORD at this point in my remarks. By a strict enforcement now of the prin Russia agrees to sell Britain $28,000,000 There being no objection, the article ciple of an embargo, we can prevent another worth of timber, with the option of supply was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, world war. ing $14,000,000 more. as follows: Russia needs badly machinery and mate Catch is Britain agrees that the Russians rials for her armament build-up. That's why ,rnay decrease or suspend tirr..ber shipments STOP SUPPL YING THE COMMUNISTS (By David Lawrence) she has started her peace propaganda and if they cannot buy rubber with the proceeds. a noticeable clamor for trade with the West. It will, thus, be in Britain's interest to see It is disheartening to hear from the lips The shoe of the embargo, even in its limited that Russia gets the rubber. of a British Cabinet Minister in the House operation today,' is pinching already. of Commons the argument that Great Britain The United States raised the roof just a The Communists in China and elsewhere few months ago about large rubber exports canpot afford to give up her trade with the Communist countries. need ·rubber and oil and other raw materials from Malaya and other British sources to so as to build up . their military strength. Communist China and Russia. Now Britain What strange doctrine this is ~to be trans mitted across the sea to :us from a sister Now is the time-not merely during a large seems to be guaranteeing rubber .to Russia. scale war-to deny those materials and to Howls may be heard in Washington. But democracy which has always professed ad- ' herence to the ideal that human life was compel by negotiation a demobilization of British intention is to keep rubber shipments the Red armies and the liberation of the to reasonable levels. Britain is really killing more precious· than profit. American boys in large numbers-and a satellite countries whose independence has two birds with one stone by bringing rub been violated. It's a leverage of far-reach ber into this deal. It's bait to get Russian small but brave band of British boys, too ing influence. timber. But also, and increasingly impor have died on the battlefields of Korea be Now is the time to appeal in the interest tant to the British, it provides a sure market cause of a belief in the idealism of democracy~ for British co.lonial rubber. Malaya is start It seems incredible that crass materialism of humanity to the British people to reverse ing to look around for markets, now that the should be offered now as more important the policy of their Government which so United States is not buying rubber so heavily than human life itself. bluntly told the American Government last and synthetic-rubber production is rising Does this mean that we can protect our wee~ that trade with the Communists is too rapidly. youth only by using our dollars-by buying valuable to stop. Veri well, let's buy the off the British Government so. she will not trade! Mr. President, it is well known that desert the basic. principles ' of the economic Meanwhile, what are the President and the all lumber and wheat which England alliance against our enemies recently en . Secretary of State doing about it? Are they could possibly use is available in Canada tered into tl}rough the United Nations? · perhaps sympathetic with the British Labor and in the United Stat.es. England's Better this, of course, than to ·sacrifice any Government's .viewpoint and against the em more lives needlessly in a war that thus far bargo plan that Congress is proposing? Or purchasing from Russia is a subterfuge. will the American Government declare pub It is a way to continue England's trade, has not been won but which can be won 1{ the allies stick together on the issue of an licly its protest against British trade with which will arm Russia and put her. in a economic embargo. the Communists? position to fight world war III with us, Surely all the revenue from trad.e between The American people wait patiently for the and to consolidate her gains in Eastern Britain and the Communist bloc countries answer. E-1rope and in China. · is a drop in the bucket-a mere fraction in WE TEACH THEM HOW TO WRECK US Mr. President, I have before me an dollars or· pounds when measured by the bil Mr. MALONE. Mr. President, I have other article. It is an Associated Press lion~ about to be voted by our Congress in an article which appeared today in the dispatch which appeared in the Wash aid to foreign countries. Congress has before it an amendment to New York Times, · entitled "Industry's ington Evening Star, August 15, 1951, that appropriation bill which would prohibit Upt'ijrn in France Hailed; ECA Honors under the headline, "Trade With Rus the granting of military or economic assist One Hundredth Team To Arrive for a sians Essential to Britain, Shawcross ance to any foreign government· which al Survey of United States Production Says." The subhead reads: "New Con lows trade in strategic materials with the Methods." tract Means Soviet Continues to Obtain Communist countries. Such an amendment The ECA has been paying the expenses Rubber, Official Declares." should pass by overwhelming vote if only to keep faith with the 80,000 Americans' who of these teams to come to the United 1 I ask unanimous consent to have the have given their blood to a great cause in States for the purpose of finding out how article printed in the RECORD at this Korea-the fight against Communist impe- to increase production. point. rialism. . " Mr. President, this production must ;.- There being no objection, the article Economic blockades by sea are no longer either be sold in Russia, in Communist ,was ordered to be printed in the RECORD~ the only weapon. We floundered with that ,China, in the iron-curtain countries, or . as follows: kind of restrictive operation in World War i only to find the so-called neutral countries in the United States. If it is sold here . TRADE WITH RUSSIANS ESSENTIAL TO BRITAIN, penetrating the blockade constantly through without an emergency to justify in "t SHAWCROSS SAYS-NEW CONTRACT MEANS legal loopholes. creased taxes, our economy would crum SOVIET CONTINUES To OBTAIN RUBBER, 0FFI• ble in 90 days under the free-trade policy CIAL DECLARES The only effective way now is to do what we did in World War II-to buy up all the and the increased production we have / TRURO, CORNWALL, E'NGLAND, August 15. materials at the source and add them to our paid for in the European countries. Russia has reserved the right to tear up a stockpiles. Mr. President, I ask unanimous con new timber contract with Britain unless the For Britain to say she is not shipping to U. S. S. R. can use the proceeds to buy Brit Communist China but that she will continue sent to have the article printed at this ish rubber. to ship to Soviet Russia is to strike a body point in the RECORD, as a part of my re ' Sir Hartley Shawcross, president of the blow against an effective embargo. marks. government's board of trade, said here to For the first half of 1951, British pur ·: There being no objection, the article day Britain agreed, because Eastern Europe chases from the Soviet bloc countries came was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, is the only available source of supply for to $123,687,000. The main items were grain, as follows: m any of this country's vital imports. timber, and meat. !NDUSTRY;S UPTURN IN FRANCE HAILED--ECA ~f He conceded, in a speech prepared for a British sales to the Soviet bloc for the first luncheon here, that the deal might lead to half of 1951 amount to $43,313,000. The main HONORS ONE HUNDREDTH TEAM To ARRIVE m isunderstanding in America. But, he de- items were machinery, wool, manufactured FOR A SURVEY OF UNITED STATES PRODUCTION . clared: textiles, tires, and chemicals. .: METHODS ~' "America has not and does not need to If Britain needs lumber or food or any · Productivity already is pointing the way h ave any significant trade with the Soviet. thing else from the iron-curtain countries, toward an economic renaissance for France It means little or nothing to ·her to discon let the rest of the world supply these items and all Western Europe, William H. Joyce, tinue the import of furs, caviar, and crab. out of an international pool. assistant administrator of the Economic Co ' "With us things are quite different. We If Britain has things to sell, directly or operation Administration, ·declared last obtain from the Soviet bloc essential foods indirectly, to the Communists, let the same night. a n d raw materials-and we believe that in amount of money which she normally would He spoke at a dinner in the Waldorf-As these trade exchanges we get as good as we derive from trade with Russia and her satel toria Hotel for the one hundredth French give, economically and strategically." lites be furnished by an international trade technical assistance team to visit the United board. Let's, for example, buy Ceylon's States under the auspices of the ECA. The ~! Mr. MALONE. Mr. President, in the rubber. Only last week .news came of the group, consisting of 15 employers and work United States News and World Report start of shipments of rubber from Ceylon to ers, is known as the French machine tool ac of August 24, 1951, there appears an Communist C~i~a i~ ~olish ships. · cessories and power hand tool prod~c~~it~ XCVII-665 10570 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE AUGUST 23 team. It arrived yesterday morning at New 1933, just 5 days before President Roose The same applies to our submarine York international airport, Idlewild, Queens, velt signed the treaty recognizing Soviet fleets. It is well known that we are and will remain in this country until Sep Russia. Commander Hayes said: ahead of the world in the matter of tember 28, studying productivity in American machine tool plants. He (the Unknown Soldier) would under submarine inventions. Our recent prog The French, Mr. Joyce pointed out, have stand the Legion's attitude that opposes the ress in atomic energy may make it pos accepted the productivity idea as the great official recognition by the United States of sible to build submarines which can natural sequel to the Marshall plan. It is strange tenets, admittedly and avowedly in· operate under water for 6 months. If we the hope of the ECA, he explained, that by tended to destroy through violence and would go ahead and do what we are the end of 1952 there will be in France sev :revolution the structure of our Govern able to do we could block any nation eral hundred "demonstration plants" that ment and the family relationship that is . the keystone of that structure. He would seeking to move into any area which is will represent not only a cross-section of important for us to protect for our French industry but also will be the pio tell you to beware of questionable commit neers of productivity, their example being ments that would tend to tie the hands of ultimate safety. followed by hundreds of others. those of us who would keep our American But instead, Mr. President, we sent ism; to beware of bizarre associations just foot soldiers into Korea, and they hold "The productivity movement will, I am because they might benefit someone finan- sure," he asserted, "become the new hallmark cially. . at a line of scr-immage near the thirty of a progressive, vital, and expanding French eighth parallel. We have had a loss of economy. That economy with ever-increas Mr. President, I also invite attention 150,000, not 80,000, in crippled, dead, ing speed and scope will be able to twm out to the fact, as noted on the flysheet, that wounded, and prisoners. It is well more goods at lower unit cost, with lower four Presidents, Woodrow Wilson, War known that our total loss is close to that prices to~ the consumer, and with ample profits to the entrepreneur." ren Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Her number-and all a result of our state Mr. Joyce estimated that in 1951 the gross bert Hoover, refused to deal with Russia. Department's inane policies. national product of France would be around Many of us were in France in 1917 and What can we win if we ask for 3, 4, or $28,000,000,000. "By the end of 1952, if the 1918, when Russia picked up her marbles 5 miles of territory beyond the thirty productivity drive can really get moving, and went home without any explanation eighth parallel in Korea? The confer F-rance, despite the burdens of rearmament, whatever, and started the greatest revo ence breaks up on a matter of 3, or 4, or will have passed the $30,000,000,000 mark," he lution the world has ever known, and 5 miles in a country in which a group said. · perhaps the greatest change in a form of of men could hardly find the area if "There is nothing· magical or mysterious government. about productivity, which can be defined as sent out to find it, unless the Army was more output per man-hour within a measur Mr. President, on the floor of the Sen already occupying it. Naturally the line able framework of materials, machinery, and ate, at various times, the junior Senator we wanted to hold would be easier to de ma11agement," he explained to the French from Nevada has called attention to the f end. But the conference breaks up over visitors. "Productivity is not an end in itself. fact that the beginning of all the com that difference. It is the material basis not only for the more munism we are fighting in our midst What was the conference? The most equitable diffusion of economic benefits today was the recognition of Russia by we could hope to win was to hold an among all groups in the population, but the Democratic administration in 1933. above all, it is freedom's rebuttal to the false army on the thirty-eighth parallel and promises of communism." It did not start yesterday; it did not start give Russia a clear and free hand in the John H. Street, 806 Connecticut Avenue at Yalta. It simply was promoted there consolidation of her gains in Communist NW., Washington, D. C., is project manager and at Tehran, Cairo, and elsewhere. China in the next 10, 15, or 18 months or for the team. Included in the group are a WE LOSE IN KOREA 2 years. company president, a control foreman, a Whatever happens in Korea will fur When that is done Russia can go down technical agent, a lathe worker, and a time through Burma, and Siam and take over clerk. ther the Communist cause. This is the . . first time that the American people the rest of Asia. In other words we were BED ESPIONAGE have gone into hostile territory behind engineering the fall of China, and later Mr. MALONE. Mr. President, Maj. an armed guard, carrying a white flag, of .Asia. History will be dated from the Gen. Charles A. Willoughby, farmer and asked for an armistice: Can we pic date of the fall of China. Chief Intelligence Officer for General of ture General MacArthur going into hos What does it mean? As the junior the Army Douglas MacArthur, recently ,: tile territory carrying a white flag and Senator from Nevada ~aid early.today, we testified on un-American activities. He :_; asking for an armistice? I think not. have a peace treaty prepared by that made a very clear and enlightening But General MacArthur is no longer great erstwhile Republican now in the statement relative to Communists in our ., there. It was necessary for the socialist employ of the State Department which midst. plotters to remove him to complete the provides for what? It is understood the , He said in part that it is only fair to sell-out of Asia. That was what was treaty gives Japan the right to recognize presume that the present Administration under way when the conference stopped either Communist or Nationalist China, is laboring under an intolerable burden yesterday. · whichever she chooses to recognize . . which it inherited. He further urged 1 Mr. President, the plan is plain. Everyone knows that Communist China American officials to study the Sorge Manchuria, the bread basket of China, will be recognized. That will be done to case for guidaIIee in their campaign was given to Russia at Yalta. The com keep Britain, which has already recog ·against subversion. He said the Sorge mitments made there made inevitable nized Communist China, quiet. We will 'ring that operated in China and Japan . the subsequent invasion of Korea. The see to it through our State Department before World War II was "only a chip . attitude of the State Department made that Communist China is in control. in the general mosaic of Soviet strategy, it inevitable when they said, in almost Then what happens? Has it been but represents a recognizable pattern so many words, that we were not pro so long that we do not remember when that is working in the United States tecting Korea. we were . called very early in 1950 to today." Of course, Mr. President, the junior listen to the Secretary of State upon his ; Mr. President, that brings me to a Senator from Nevada made it plain that return from Europe? In an hour long well-written article appearing in the if he had anything to do with it he speech he spake only one sentence we American Legion magazine of August would never send a foot soldier as such had not heard many . times before. . 1951, entitled "Moscow's Red-Letter Day out of the United States of America. What was it? The junior Senator from in American History-South of the Rio We cannot win a war in Asia or Europe Nevada commented on it in the Senate Grande, Our Pan-American Neighbors with foot soldiers. We can do it with within a day or two following the speech. Remember That It was on November 16, airplanes if we have the gumption to Secretary Acheson said "We will not 1933, That the Colossus of the North Be .build enough of them. That does not use the veto to prevent the rocognition came 'El Loco Rico del Norte,' and Lost mean the 45 groups the President con of Communist China." That is what Moral Leadership of the West." structed when he was authorized to build he said then and he has never changed The article was written by William . 70, or the 55 that he said he wanted to it. LaVarre. I note at the beginning the build. It may be that 150 or 200 groups That means the recognition of Com picture of Edward A. Hayes, national are necessary to protect any territory we munist China. What else could it commander of the American Legion, wish to protect in Europe or Asia or any mean? '.!'here are five members of the speaking at the Tomb of the Unknown territory important for our ultimate Security Council. Russia has one vote ~Soldier in Washington on November 11, ~afety. out of the five now. When she gets 1951- CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10571 Communist China, she will have two can Legion, and in the American Federation plethora of pro-Communist propaganda, votes. In a recent election, France had of Labor, had begged Franklin Roosevelt not banquets, and festivities for the Soviet's one of the largest Communist votes she to use his new leadership of the United States agent in the United States. has ever had. By coordinating a few for the aggrandizement of an evil, dangerous, Here-read it now and weep-is the miss and pagan guest-but to send him back to ing chapter of facts hidden from the public splinter parties, the Communists in Moscow, red with the blood of the commis France can take over there. Russia will in 1933. sar's own countrymen, without a handshake. In 1917, when the Bolsheviki seized power then have three out of the five votes. But Franklin Roosevelt, piqued with the and more than a billion dollars' worth of Mr. President, this well written story power of his new office, stimulated by his American property and assets in Russia was by William La Varre, published in the clique of Marxian and Fabian Socialists pos stolen by the Kremlin, all the American re American Legion magazine for August ing as intellectuals and liberal~and by publics, at the request of President Wilson, 1951, says in part: radicals in labor unions, universities and closed the old Russian embassies and con his own sycophant bureaucracy-had signed The very special agent from Moscow, com sulates and refused to recognize the regime his name to the Kremlin's francl;lise. With of Lenin and Trotsky. missar of all the Red Square's nefarious out the approval of Congress, he made an international machinations, chief of the The Argentine, however, had a vast amount Kremlin's schemes for communizing the actual treaty with the Soviets, giving them of war-boomed surplus wheat, corn, meat, American hemisphere, sat victoriously at the the right to establish a communist embassy and hides; the armistice had left them facing White House desk at midnight, smiling at anl consulates in the United States, with a national crisis. The first Bolshevik agent to the President of the United States. full diplomatic hospitalities and immunities be sent from Moscow to tour America as a to Stalin's agents, the bloody Bolsheviki of "commercial agent" -was a Communist Mr. President, the 15 years Mr. La Asiatic Europe. trained Japanese named Sen Katsama. He Varre refers to are the 15 deceitful years November 16, 1933, at midnight. That is shrewdly saw Argentina's predicament. from the time the Russians picked up a date in American history our children will Moscow had a storehouse of gold from the their marbles and went home in the long have tragic cause to remember. That plundered Russian industries, estates, .homes, middle of the First World War, a war was the day Soviet Foreign Commissar and churches, and needed large amounts of Maxim Litvinov, plunderer of Estonia and food imports unrtl its Communist agricul in which many of thos3 now on the the Kremlin's first agent for socializing Eng tural program could regiment Russian farms ~enate floor served. land, sat down with Franklin Roosevelt, into a slave-trade monopoly of the Soviet For 15 deceitful years, the corrupt Kremlin after Dean Acheson and Henry Morgenthau state. Sen Katsama saw, and reported to had tried to obtai_n a Communist base, pro had done the spadework of propaganda, Moscow, that Argentina, with its urgent need tectf'd by diplomatic-immunities, within the and made the deal that has led the Amer foz- trade and with its largely European im United States. Four Presidents-Wilson, ican people, and our once vast resources, migrant racial stock, was the most likely Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover-had refused into a social and economic calamity to the nation in which to establish a Western to countenance Moscow's pagan ideology or very brink, now, Of national and interna Hemisphere Communist base. Woodrow Wil- .itf; carriers. But here, at last, was a Presi tional disaster. • son, in_ Washington, was a man with whom dent the Communists could deal with. "In the spirit of Thomas Jefferson," the the Kremlin could make no deal. President reported artfully to his country Explaining its predi·cament to the United Mr. La Varre says further in his men, "Mr. Litvinov and I have believed that States and other Pan-American governments, article: through a resumption of normal relations Argentina welcomed the opportunity to load November 16, 1933, at midnight. That is the prospects of peace over all the world are its food surpluses for spot gold into Soviet a date in American history our children will greatly strengthened." To give his words bound ships. They also permitted Moscow long have tragic cause to remember. That weight he quoted to his fellow Americans to send a "purchasing agency" to Buenos was the day Soviet Foreign Commissar an old letter written by Thomas Jefferson Aires. Maxim Litvinov, plunderer of Estonia and to a Russian friend of 1809, setting forth The Communist who followed Sen Kat the Kremlin's first agent for socializing Eng the thesis-then true but in 1933 a prov sama from Moscow to America, with Soviet land, sat down with Franklin Roosevelt, able falsehood-that Russia and the United gold, was named Boris Kraevsky. He arrived States were "in character and practice essen af' - ~r Dean Acheson and Henry Morgenthau in Buenos Aires ~ with a large entourage of had done the spadework of propaganda, and tially pacific, with a common interest in the "purchasing" assistants for his Iuyuzh Am made the rieal that has led the American rights of peaceful nations." torg office. He placed big, profitable orders people, and our once vast resources, into a Thus began our era of lost integrity, lost for Argentine resources, paid for them in · social and economic calamity to the very statesmanship. There was no truth in the gold, and worked constantly to persuade the brink, now, of national and international - statement that the Washington-Moscow deal Argentine Government to recognize the So disaster. · had been made "in the spirit of Thomas viets, officially, and open Argentina's quaran Jefferson." In the White House, 10 days tine to a Soviet ambassador. Mr. President, without quoting further before the signing of the Roosevelt-Litvinov To the few North Americans who studied from the well-written factual story, an pact, there was abundant evidence to the him in Argentina, Boris Kraevsky was a very outline of one of the greatest betrayals contrary, in the form of a comprehensive re smooth operator, immaculate in the garb of that ever happened to the United States port on Soviet-promoted Communist activ Bond Street, rather than that of Moscow, ities thrnughout the whole hemisphere, and and speaking a scholar's Spanish and Por of America, or to ariy country, I ask documentary evidence that the prospects for unanimous consent to have the whole of tuguese.- The sole financial agent of the peace "over all the world" would be greatly rich-by-plunder Moscow regime, he was able the article published in the RECORD at damaged, rather than strengthened, by giv to weigh his suave arguments for diplomatic this point as a part of my remarks. ing the Kremlin an American base in recognition and immunities with promises There being no objection, the article Washington. to increase, or sly threats to decrease, his was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, It was known in 1933 that Stalin and his purchases. But it was known to the Argen as foilows: Soviet regime was beginning to topple, and tine police that his orders, early in 1919, only its diplomatic recognition by the Presi Moscow's RED-LETTER DAY IN AMERICAN were to force, in one final and "victorious dent of the United State~and a subsequent conference," the Argentine · recognition of HISTORY-SOUTH OF THE RIO GRANDE, OUR vast economic subsidization-would make it PAN-AMERICAN NEIGHBORS REMEMBER THAT the U. S. S. R., "in order that we may pro possible to continue to control the Russian ceed to operate, send men and paraphernalia_ IT WAS ON NOVEMBER 16, 1933, THAT THE people and expand the Soviet's treacherous COLOSSUS OF THE NORTH BECAME "EL Loco back and forth, under diplomatic immuni socialistic activities throughout Europe, ties." RICO DEL NORTE,'' AND LOST MORAL LEADER Asia-and America. SHIP OF THE WEST The Argentine police also discovered the In the White House, some of us knew fact that Kraevsky's real title in the Kremlin (By William La Varre) at the very moment of Roosevelt's deal with· was not merely 'that of managing director The very special agent from Moscow, com communism-was a highly .detailed report of Iuyuzh Amtorg, Argentina, but "Soviet missar of all the Red Square's nefarious and analysis of the Kremlin's real objec Commissar for South America." A secret international machinations, chief of the tive: the sabotaging of the Western Hemi plan for creating revolutions in South Amer Kremlin's schemes for communizing the sphere's social, political, and economic life ica was obtained by a wealthy and influen American hemisphere, sat victoriously at the and the creation of a Pan-American Union tial Argentinian in Paris. Dated in Petro White House desk at midnight, smiling at · of Socialist states. grad, March 5, 1919, and signed by Zinovieff, the President of the United States. M. Litvinov, of deceitful smiles, was not Lenin's international schemer, this document For 15 deceitful years the corrupt Kremlin the first commissar of the Kremlin to come showed that the Kremlin's real purpose, be . had ·tried to obtain a Communist base, pro with a Soviet bag of trickery to America. As hind Kraevsky's polite negotiations and tected by diplomatic immunities, within the far back as 15 years in the American hemi promises of friendship, was to organize all United States. Four Presidents-Wilson, sphere history he professed to know so well the scattered revolutionary groups in South Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover-had refused and in this instance did know in detail America-and each country had its own na .to countenance Mos.cow's pagan ideology or the President had a dossier of Soviet dupli tive revolutionists-into a Moscow-con its carriers. But here, at last, was a Presi city, not only in Europe but in America. trolled union of Communist but native po dent the Communists could deal with. But in spite of pleas, begging him to give litical parties; that these American revo Many patriotic, well-informed Americans, the facts to his countrymen, he hid the lutionists were then to be joined to the So in the old Department of State, in the Ameri- truth behind a highly organized Washington cialists, r?\.dicals, and anarchists of England, 10572 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE AUGUST 23 / France, Italy, Germany, Spain, and other must now become the China of the 'Far West,. major base of socialistic and revolutionary communist-infiltrated areas of the world, and Mexico the Canton of Latin America." plots and propaganda, financed by the Soviet to form a world-wide Communist Interna Kraevsky, making no headway with the Embassy in Montevideo. By January 1941, tional which would destroy other forms of Argentines for a South American embassy. the Argentine police were defending Buenos government and other economic systems. began capitalizing on. the increasing trade Aires against hordes of suddenly armed work Moscow's projected steps in changing Ar jealousies of the Argentines with their neigh ers and small farmers and the capital was gentina and other American Republics into bors, the Uruguayans, across the Rio de la only saved by a hastily formed Legion for Communist states were detailed in a docu Plata. Much to the diSmay of the Argen Emergency of Buenos Aires citizens. They ment of more than 100 pages, but these are tines, the President of Uruguay, on August raided Kraevsky's commercial headquarters the high lights: 23, 1926, announced that Montevideo was ex and sei.zed his records. Kraevsky fled across "We confiscate and nationalize all facto tending full diplomatic recognition to Mos the river to.Montevideo. Argentina's Presi ries, industries, private transportation and cow and that a Soviet Ambassador was on his dent Uriburo canceled Iuyuzh, Amtorg's Ar communication systems, banks, land estates, way to Uruguay. gentine charter, distributed copies of Kraev both private and those belonging to the To Uruguay, quickly to become the Krem sky's files to all the other American Repub church; all buildings, machinery, property, lin's favorite South American nation and lics. agriculture, dairy, livestoclt, and turn them as blatantly praised by Communists and Revolution almost captured Chile and over to the state. We abolish all inherit fellow travelers as Argentina was smeared, Peru; martial law had to be established in ances. All industries will be under the man Moscow sent Soviet Ambassador Alexander many Latin-American cities. Violent and agement of organized workers, and taken Minkin and a group of 47 "diplomatic at costly riots damaged native as well as United from the capitalists. We establish, by revo taches." Thelr baggage and freight passed States-owned mines, utilities, and industries. lution, a dictatorship of workers into a world into Uruguay uninspected, but the Argen Hundreds of Soviet documents were inter union of Soviet socialist republics, with a tine police had channels for discovering that cepted or seized by anti-Communist intelli capital in Moscow." it contained a comprehensive file of Com gence agents. One, dated Moscow, February The Argentine Government notified Kraev munist literature, booklets, school primers, 5, 1932, signed by R. Tomasoff, Moscow sec sky that diplomatic recognition of the So revolutionary engravings, a high-speed print retary of the Communist International, is viet regime would never be granted and ing press, a portable engraving plant, and 20 here sufficient: that he and his Iuyuzh Amtorg organiza radio outfits, also portable, powered by "The examination of reports from our com tion in Buenos Aires would be deported if gasoline-motored g~nerators. missars in Latin America during the last· 3 found engaging in any noncommercial ac With Montevideo as its southern and Mex months of 1931 leads us to decide to begin a tivities. Kraevsky began traveling frequent ico City as its northern base, the Krem period of concentrated revolutionary action. ly to Brazil and Chile, but the ATgentines lin now increased its revolutionary cam The lower classes of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, beat him to those goals by hastily negotiat paign throughout all the Latin-American Peru, and Uruguay are ready to fight and Republics, ready to pick -off whichever na ing a treaty under which each of the three bring down the established governments." nations pledged itself i::.ot to recognize the tion or nations it found weakest, in spite of the Soviet's pledge to both the Mexicans In Montevideo President Terra went be .Soviet regime, or allow a Soviet Ambassador fore the Uruguayan Congress, obtained spe to enter the country, unless all three neigh and the Uruguayans not to engage in any activities a1fecting the internal· afiairs or cial powers, seized guns and ammunition boring nations did so jointly. inported and stored by the Soviet Embassy The record of Commissar Kraevsky's at inter-American relations of their hosts. Montevideo became the Moscow of South preparatory to smuggling into Argentina. tempts to get a diplomatically protected base He imprisoned many Communist agents. for the Kremlin's program in Latin America America, visited by a stream of Soviet revolutionists; and from that pictures'{ue Claiming that Uruguay by its continued was available in minute chronological de hospitality to the Soviet Ambassador and tail to President Roosevelt in 1933. The Ar city went out a network of secret workers, financed by Soviet gold, and propaganda in Iuyuzh Amto:rg had created international gentines not only continued to quarantine_ liabilities, Argentina recalled its Ambassador many forms~ to Brazil, Argentina, Chila, the Communists, diplomatically, but devoted. from Montevideo and closed its ports to so much time and documentation to a cam Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and Vene zuela. Uruguayans and their commerce. The Bra- . paign against recognizing the Soviet regime zilian Government, tracing a plot for the anywhere in the Americas that they won Shrewdly foreseeing that foreigners would not be allowed permanently to operate sub overthrow of the federal government to the la:::ting hatred of all Communists and revolutionists exiled in Uruguay and organ pro-Communists throughout the Moscow versive and propaganda programs in Latin America, the Soviet Ambassador in Monte ized by the Soviet Embassy and Kraevsky's dominated world. Kraevsky's purchasing agents, sent an ultimatum to Montevideo and political strategies, throughout Latin video combined with the Soviet Ambassador in Mexico City in organizing "student tours" and set aside an off-shore island as a prison America, brought him no diplomatic success barracks for its native Communists. until 1924 when, in Mexico City, he nego to Russia; they selected and subsidized na tive Latin .Americans, from all the maJor By the end of 1932 Mexico, though without tiated an agreement with Gen. Alvaro Obre a Soviet Embassy, had put many of the gon, the Mexican President, which was to Latin-American universities and labor or ganizations. for education in Moscow. Be Third International's programs into its na sell Mexicans into a Communist and tur tional laws-including the Veracruz expro bulent era very costly to Mexico and the tween 1926 and 1930 many thousands of young natives were transported to the priation decree which seized United States hemisphere. and British-owned property in Mexico. The Mexico in 1924, like Argentina in 1918, was U. S. S. R., trained as Communist organizers and agents, and sent back to their native National Revolutfonary Party was declared 1n an economic depression, caused mainly by a legal Mexican political party, and its na dishonest Mexicans in high government posi communities to become secret "citizen work ers of the Communist International." These tive Communist leaders promised Moscow a tions. General Obregon needed money. to sweeping control over l'Ae.xico in the subse keep his personal military clique loyal to native Communists could not be deported, though at certain times they -hastily went quent elections. The Kremlin's success, him and in national power. Calvin Coolidge after only 6 years as a diplomatic guest of the found good reasons not to subsidize him out into exile in other Latin-American Repub lics, and especially in the United States. Republic of Mexico, in infiltrating Commu of the United States Treasury. Following nists into labor and Government offices and the transfer of a large amount of gold and The Mexican-Soviet Brotherhood of Friend ly International Nations lasted only 6 years. in building up a powerful clique in the Mex gold certificates to Obregon by Kraevsky, and ican Legislature, gave Moscow a new idea an official loan of $25,000,000 worth of gold President Calles, after the death of Obregon, ordered the Soviet Ambassador, on January the use of ballots rather than bullets. The to the Mexican Government, Obregon an Kremlin suddenly changed its American pro nounced that he was exchanging ambas 23, 1930, to get out of Mexico-within 48 hours. Mexican police rounded up train gram and ordered its agents to hold revolts sadors wi tb Moscow and welcoming the in abeyance throughout the hemisphere un U. S. S. R. into the brotherhood of friendly loads of foreign Communists and deported them. Soviet files were seized and we had a til it could be determined whether Mexico international nations. and the other American Republics might not With a great fanfare of hands-across-the complete record of the Third International's be seize$! by ballots. May Day 1933, for the sea good will to a brother republic, Soviet blueprints for the conquest not only of Mex first time in five costly years, was riot free Ambassador Petrovsky arrived in Mexico City ico but the ·entire hemisphere. Mexican throughout the American hemisphere. with 30 diplomatic attaches-and with the railroad riots, university revolts, and strikes Stalin's agents in America, beginning May 19 gold that was the price of hospitality-and in the mines, utilities, and industries were of that year, were directed to work behind opened a lavish Soviet Embassy. Boris proved to have been financed out of the and from within, specific native political Kraevsky, well praised by the Kremlin, re Soviet Embassy. parties, all of them financed from Monte turned to Buenos Aires and his Iuyuzh Am· With only one diplomatic base in America, video, for the nomination and election of torg headquarters. the Kremlin, in March 1930, began stepping pro-Communists for all future electoral of The Soviet coup in Mexico, Commissar up its campaigns in South America. Riots fices and important government positions. Zinovieff wrote Kraevsky, made Mexico "the and armed revolts bro~e out simultaneously In Mexico, for example, the Kremlin's brightest vista !or the future, the greatest in Peru and Chile. There was a wave of riot choice of a candidate for the Mexican Presi possJbilities for international expansion, and ing in the universities of Argentina, Brazil, dency was Lazaro Cardenas, "the · Indian,• source of possible difficulties for the United Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela. The and three now powerful native Communist.a States. Mexico is the natural connecting Western Hemisphere's oldest university, San pledged the Kremlin to organize his elec link between the Communist movement in Marcos of Peru, older than Harvard, was tion through the new legal National Revo North and South America. Latin America closed by the government; it had become a lutionary Party. 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10573 it was at this critical moment of American 15-year quarantine against the disease . of Washington in the hope we would cancel history that a South American ambassador communism, which four other Presidents our hospitality to the Kremlin's agents. It to Washington was tipped off to the fact that had preserved, and signed the treaties of was signed by Secretary-General Dimitroff. President Roosevelt, in office barely 7 months, his own dictation with the Union of Soviet The supposedly secret meeting of the Com had sent a personal letter to the Kremlin in Socialist Republics; agreed to accept Stalin's munist. congress had agreed on six tech viting Stalin to send an emissary to Wash Ambassador, A. A. Troyanovsky, his attaches, niques for its Western Hemisphere agents: ington for confidential talks "to end abnor and consuls with full diplomatic immuni ( 1) a campaign for "greater democratic m al relations between 125,000,000 people of ties; and appointed William Bullitt th& rights" from each American government; the United States and the 160,000,000 people United States Ambassador to Moscow. It - (2) the creation of a Pan-American bloc of of Russia.'' The South American ambassa was, indeed, a· fait accompli over which the nations "opposed to nazism and fascism and dor gave his information to other Latin Kremlin's Litvinov could smile satanically, their ideologies"; (3) the labeling of "all Amer-ican Embassies in Washington and soon as he drank his vodka toast in the White prominent industrialists and property own many of the governments south of the Rio House. ers as fascists or fascist sympathizers"; ( 4) Grande were dispatching reports to Washing "A courageous leader," Stalin was to ac th.e uniting of all voters into worker, farmer, ton documenting the Soviet danger to Amer claim Franklin Roosevelt in the celebrating and professional unions, with political and ica, its record of consistent double-dealing, Kremlin, while the American President's economic objectives, which are to be obtained and intrigue. health was copiously drunk in Moscow. when the proper time arrives by means of "A very great misfortune for. both the gov But there ' was no jubilation among the "general strikes"; ( 5) the organization of ernments and the people of Pan America," statesmen ' and informed citiZens of Latin "political parties from these elements so as one wise Latin-American statesman wrote, to America. Many of them had _seen evidence to obtain in coming elections control over a personal as well as official friend in the old in Europe that Stalin and his Soviet regime government departments and governments; State Department, "will be the certain and were already in trouble, threatened increas the initiation of a 'people's front govern irrevocable result of a diplomatic recognition ingly by two other rising tides of European ment' as a step in transition to the Soviet by the great United States of North America, power, naziSm and fascism. Recognition by form of government"; (6) by a "coalition of the rightful moral and as well as economic the United States, in November 1933, was such new 'people's front governments' leader of P,an America, of the Soviet regime, j i.:st what Stalin urgently needed -~ o preserve against the United States (and all other non its criminal masters and agents. his hold over the Russian :people and expand Communist countries) to bring the entire More than 100 Latin-American patriots his international prestige and power. Western Hemisphere under Soviet control." - rushed long letters and evidence to the State The Soviet government, the Whit3 House The record shows that Cordell Hull, upon -Department and the White House, urging publicity emphasized, had prom : ~ 1d to re the receipt of this authentic document dis the people of the United States to stand firm frain from engaging in any political, propa closing the -Soviet's continuing duplicity, with them in an adamant bloc against the ganda, or subversive activities. "The con sent a note of protest to Moscow, but. Presi- . Kremlin, its ambassadors, and agents. But _versations which were successfully con dent Roosevelt could not be persuaded to these documents of October 1933 were hastily cluded,'' President Roosevelt said, "between withdraw his diplomatic recognition. He be stamped "Top Secret" and kept from the citi Russia and the United States were moti gan, instead, the "reorganization" of the zens of the United States and from the vated by the desire of both countries for State Department in Washington and the United States Congress. peace and for the strengthening of the dispatching to far, isolated posts of its anti Space, in this re.view of a trag'ic error ln peaceful purpose of the civilized world." communist career officers. American leadership, is too limited for quot The Kremlin, Secretary Hull promised the In December 1935, however, the Govern ing details of the Washington record of 'No governments of the other American repub ment _of Uruguay, after conferences with its vember 1933, but researchers will find that lics, at the 1933 Pan-American Conference, South American neighbors-and after wait the pro-Communist officials of Washington agreed to refrain from any act "overt, liable ing in vain for the United States to join its used the identical propaganda for softening in any way whatsoever to injure the tran decision-summarily canceled diplomatic up United States citizens to the reception quillity, prosperity, order, or security of the recognition and ordered the Soviet Ambas of the Kremlin's agents that had been used whole or any part of the United States, or sador to leave Montevideo within 24 hours. to fool the people of Mexico in 1924 and any agitation or propaganda having as an Uruguay charged the Soviet Ambassador the people of Uruguay in 1926: great eco aim the violation of the territorial integrity Minl,dn and Boris Kraevsky with financing nomic benefits would result from welcoming of the United States, or to bring about a and manipulating, in spite of its promises, a Soviet Ambassador to the' United States. change in the political or social order of the · antigovernment Communist political cam Stalin was said to have promised a billion United States." paigns in Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Peru, Bo dollars in new Soviet-United States trade. This pledge, the United States Secretary livia, Ecuador, and Colombia, as well as in Many well-informed citizens thought of State promised the Latin American _ Uruguay and Paraguay. The Uruguayan otherwise, and said so, but their warnings statesmen, also covered the peace and tran police seized the Iuyuzh Amtorg Montevideo were smothered .by a wave of bureaucra ·~ic quillity of all the other American republics. files and obtained Moscow's complete record counterpublicity. The American Legion's Did President Roosevelt-in spite of the of South American propaganda and activi resolutl.on opposing the recognition of the contrary evidence-really believe that ties, as well as duplicate ·records of Central Kremlin was challenged by the President Stalin, Litvinov, the Kremlin, and a Soviet and North American plans, sent to Kraevsky as a philosophy of Tories and doubting ambassador would abide by such an agree from the Soviet Embassy in Wasl_lington. Thomases. The American Federation of ment? The people of the United States can Again evidence was given President Roqse Labor's warning that we shouldn't, and join the- statesmen of Latin America, now, velt of the Soviet program, dictated from couldn't do legitimate business with a re in skeptical wonder. A promise of the Moscow by the same Stalin that Roosevelt, gime under which men, women, and chil Kremlin had never been kept on any occa in 1933, thought he could do business with. dren were perpetual state slaves was buried sion beneficial to others, prior to 1933. This disclosed among other things that Sta under the publicity campaigns of radical ·History, in time, may disclose what secret lin's agent for the sovietization of Mexico, labor leaders, pro-Communist agitators, of ingredients were hidden in the Litvinov Central America, and the Caribbean was Con already Communist-infiltrated labor unions. Roosevelt deal; they have not yet been di stantine Oumansky, who had accompanied One of the greatest concentrations of fac vulged in any New Deal memoirs. The So · Litvinov to Washington and partaken of tual information, wise analyses, police rec viet pledges were not 1 year old when White House festivities in 1933. ords, and military intelligence ever to pile Stalin's agents,_ working out of the Soviet The Soviet Ambassador to Uruguay, up spontaneously on one subject in Wash embassy in Washington, engineered the Minkin, went back to Moscow. Boris ington, all documenting the liabilities of "election" and inauguration of Cardenas as Kraevsky stopped off in the United States, dealing .with the Kremlin, had no effect ·on President of Mexico, and proceeded to use under a diplomatic passport arranged for Franklin Roosevelt. He had appointed "the Mexican Indian," as they had planned him by the Soviet Ambassador in Washing Henry Morgenthau and Dean Acheson, both in early 1933, as a legal front for communiz ton. He was to master-mind the expansion proteges of Felix Frankfurter, to study trade ing the Republic of Mexico. There is much of the Kremlin's Amtorg Trading Co. head opportunities between the U. S. S. R. and evidence to sustain the belief that the So quarters in New York City-the agency the United States, and he praised their re viet's coup was materially aided by pro which was to be used by Moscow for spying port of the benefits to come to all United Communists in President Roosevelt's Wash out our most valuable defense secrets, in States citizens from Soviet friendship. The ington entourage. cluding the atomic bomb. President, though acting as his own Secre The Soviet pledge of 1933 was less tha;n There was no longer a Soviet ambassador tary of State-he had a deep-rooted prejudice 2 years old when the key Communists of the anywhere in Latin America. But Stalin against the members of the American For Western Hemisphere were summoned to could still gloat; he had the diplomatic base eign Service and against the permanent offi. Moscow and given the Comintern's new plan he most wanted in the American hemi cials of the Department of State-had Cor for America: "a temporary alliance with sphere-Washington. And out of that So deil Hull and William Bullitt busily at work moderates, democrats, and liberals, in order . viet Embassy and its consulates a horde of _with the Communist agents in a building to bore from within and be strong enough secret agents, protected by diplomatic pass in Washington to which the American press to control, as we did in Mexico, all future ; ports, could roam and plot throughout the could gain no access. elections." A copy of a secret report of this : Americas, assisted, as the record shows, by On November 16, 10 minutes before mid Moscow conference; the Seventh Communist i powerful pro-Communists in the Washing night, while most good America:"".s slept, the · International Congress, was obtained b.y a . ton Federal Government. To the list of President of the United States raised the Latin-American government and rushed to. Stalin's very good. friends in Washington_. 10574 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE AUGUST 23 could now be added a former impoverished The protocol of diplomacy requires soft so that it would not be something New York social worker, Harry Hopkins. words, innuendo rather than excoriation. brought in without the knowledge of the Thus, quite unrealized by the good people Consistent protagonists of a Pan American majority leader. of the United States, our great Nation, once Union adamantly blocking Soviet expansion, respected by all our neighbors of the Western and cooperatively quarantining its ambas Mr. RUSSELL. Mr.. President, several Hemisphere, lost its philosophical and moral sadors, consuls, and other agents from the days ago the distinguished Senator from leadership of Pan America. We no longer society of honest, God-worshiping mankind, Washington [Mr. CAIN] came to me and stood, in Latin-American eyes, astride 48 the statesmen of the rest of the hemisphere discussed with me his interest in having States as the great, respected colossus of replied to our Secretary of State with stoical this report printed as a Sen~te docu the north. We became, instead, El loco rico restraint. ment. I asked the Senator from Wash del norte-the rich fool of the north. . At a time when the threat of a third ington to allow me a few minutes to The Roosevelt-Stalin ·deal, of November, world conflict is knocking at our doors, Bra think about it before I was compelled 1933, has been so costly to us, as a Nation zil's Foreign Minister Jao Neves de Fontoura and as a hemisphere, that the full appraisal suggested, the first thing we must do is to to arrive at a decision whether or not of our losses and liabilities will not be known correct the mistakes of the past decade I would feel constrained to object. I for several generations. The Kremlin's gains • • •. We are undoubtedly faced with did that because of the fact that the within the United States and communism's a denial of the idea of nation, just as cate action of the committee overwhelmingly cost to us is only now, in 1951-after 18 years goric as the denial of God. There exists determined that there would be no re of suffering a Soviet Embassy in our Capital, an ostensive philosophy which, if it came ports filed. After thinking about it, and its agents to roam the States-coming to to pass, would consecrate as a hero Ephi it occurred to me that, inasmuch as public consciousness. altes, the Spartan traitor convicted of crime the committee's resolution permitted any It has truly been a costly era of mysterious against his mother country, having delivered friendship for an appeasement of the devil, to the Persians the very lives of those who member of the committee until the 1st of un-American compromises with deceit and stood in defense of the Pass of Thermopylae. day of September of this year to file pagan ideologies. Some of its protagonists It was not the Washington Monument, or his own individual views, it would be are now dead, their graves monuments to the remodeled White House, or the Capitol, inappropriate to print this report as a. our present predicament, but others, again or the modernistic Department of State edi· Senate document without seeing what mysteriously, have been allowed to step into fice which the Latin-American statesmen was the content of the other reports their strategic places. concentrated on photographing during their which might be filed, and whether or A colossus of the north no longer sits in sightseeing tours of our Nation's capital. It was the big Soviet Embassy, behind its iron not it would be proper to permit any the well-earned place of honor at Pan subsequent views which were filed to be Anerican conferences. We have exchanged fence, with its big red bolshevik fiag staining our once unchallenged prestige for a mess of the Washington skyline. printed as Senate documents. suspicions. With one side of their mouths, Inside that massive, ugly building, of I have no objection to this matter. our politicos and State Department manipu vaults, dungeons, and short-wave radio code It is a very well worked out report. It lators had preached a beautiful, new good instruments, there is the complete record of evidences a great deal of detailed work. neighbor Western Hemisphere policy-but Soviet duplicity in and cost to America. If But I do not feel I could give my con out of the other side they welcomed Stalin's a building could scream we would, before it's too late, know the whole story. sent to have it printed as a Senate docu Asiatic and European agents into the neigh ment at this time. borhood. Our Latin-American policy since Mr. MALONE. Mr. President, I re Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, will 1933 has been in fact no honestly founded peat that the recognition of Stalin's Red program of sincere hemisphere statesman the Senator withhold .his objection at ship, but merely another case of Washington government of Russia in 1933 was the least until I may make a brief comment? double talk. The meeting of inter-American greatest betrayal of both the American Mr. RUSSELL. Yes. foreign ministers, in Washington during and Russian people in 3,000 years of re Mr. KNOWLAND. I fully appreciate March and April 1951, found United States corded history. That act alone has the point of view of the able Senator and Latin America far apart on big issues, as already cost us dearly in American lives from Georgia [Mr. RussELL], the chair our newspaper headlines too briefly recorded. and treasure and the struggle has only man of the Committee on Armed Serv The statesmen of our hemisphere neighbor begun. republics listened politely to President Tru ices, but I understand that generally, man, now mired in a fiasco of Soviet interna REQUEST FOR PRINTING AS A SENATE under the precedents of the Senate, when tional intrigue, read a speech bidding our DOCUMENT OF REPORT BY EIGHT a request of this kind is made, the Senate neighbors gird against a Red blow by Soviet MEMBERS OF THE COMBINED ARMED has permitted the views to be printed Russia at the Western Hemisphere, listened SERVICES-FOREIGN RELATIONS COM· as a Senate document, and it has not to us telling them-at this late date-that MITTEE necessarily followed that objection has the aggressive expansion of Soviet power been made which would have required threatens the whole world. During the delivery of Mr. MALONE'S other views to be attached to the par They listened, too, to our Secretary of speech: tfoular views in question. State, Dean Acheson, warn them, now in Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, will 1951, that "this freedom of ours is faced Mr. RUSSELL. I do not mean that the Senator yield for a unanimous other views should be attached to the with a mortal threat. The small group of consent request? men who rule the Soviet Union and pull the report. strings of the international Communist Mr. MALONE. I yield if I do not lose Mr. KNOWLAND. Inasmuch as the movement have a doctrine which is opposed the .floor thereby report represents the viev1s of eight mem to freedom • • •. There is no free na Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, I bers of the combined committees, all of tion anywhere, large or small, whose freedom ask unanimous consent that the remarks whom, I believe, .attended the sessions is secure." I am about to make may appear in the very regularly, and listened to the testi The statesmen of our neighbor republics CONGRESSIONAL RECORD at the conclusion have very long memories, and massive dos mony, it would be entirely appropriate of the remarks of the Senator from to have the document printed as a Sen siers. Acheson: Their files on him go far Nevada [Mr. MALONE]. back, complete with enlightening details, to ate document, and certainly it would not the year 1933, the fateful year when they The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there ob foreclose other points of view from being tried to warn us of the dangers ahead. Is it jection? The Chair hears none, and it presented as a Senate document. I strange that the Latin-American statesmen, is so ordered. simply would not want the precedent to in Washington during April 1951, looked rea Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, on be established that a document could listically at the busy Soviet Embassy's blood August 17 eight members of the com not be printed unless attached thereto red fiag, fiying over Sixteenth Street just a bined Armed Services and Foreign Rela few paces from the White House and the might be other views, which I think are State Department, and felt exasperated to tions Committees filed their individual equally entitled to be printed as a Senate be told, like children with short memories, views relative to the hearings which were document. But that has not been the that the Soviet's plan was a new imperial held concerning the dismissal of General customary practice in the Senate, and ism or that its instruments are a formidable MacArthur and the military' situation partcularly, as I say, in view of the fact machine of war and the international Com in the Far East. I ask unanimous con that this report represents the views of munist movement; to be told these long evi sent that the individual views be printed eight Senators, who did a great deal of dent facts by the man who had worked night as a Senate document. work in getting their individual views and day, in 1933, to give t:b.'3 Soviets their major base in America-who had celebrated The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there ob· together. I think it would be helpful to the fifteenth anniversary of the Third In jection? the Senate and to the country if they ternational and the fourth anniversary of Mr. KNOWLAND. I may say, Mr. were made available in usable form. Stalin's supreme dictatorship of the Krem President, that I took this matter up Mr; RUSSELL. Mr. President, I did lin, in a ~hite House party honoring Stalin's with the majority leader and notified not propose that these views should be emissary, Litvinov, on November 7, 1933? him I was going to make the request, printed with any other views as a Senate 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10575 document. I merely wish to see the would be made for printing as a Senate to why some views filed in th·e future scope of the reports which may be filed document. I certainly would not be a would have any effect upon the publica by other individual Members. It is party to intemperate language or some tion of this document as a Senate wholly possible that some views may be thing that might cast reflection in a document, unless this document is ob filed which would appeal to me as being way that should not be cast on any in jectionable to the Senator as it now improper to have printed as a Senate dividual. I certainly would not associ stands. document. But I should like to have an ate my own name with such a thing, as Mr. RUSSELL. I shall undertake to opportunity to evaluate ail the reports the Senator knows. explain that in just a few words. at one time. I have not the slightest in I think it is entirely proper that he If some report were filed which I did tention of objecting to the-Senator's re should have an opportunity to read other not think should be printed as a Sen quest after the deadline has been reports or views. In this particular case, ate document, but I had agreed to have . reached. But I should like to see other however, inasmuch as the individual this document printed, I would be com views which may be filed and for which views of the eight Senators had been pletely disarmed. A report might be request may be made.for printing, before filed with the committee and were being submitted containing 500, 600, 700, or adopting a policy of having the report made a part of the appendix of the 800 pages; but if I had consented to referred to by the Senator from Cali hearings before the committee, inas..; the printing of this document, what fornia printed as a Senate document. much as the copy had been delivered could I tell other members of the com There are only a few days involved. some time ago to the able Senator from mittee who ·filed what they chose to de This is the twenty-third of August. Georgia, and inasmuch as I had turned nominate as individual views, however There is only a week remaining until over a copy of the document to the ma scurrilous they might be, on the one the deadline. There is practically no jority leader, I thought it was not some hand, or however lengthy they might be question in my mind that this report thing which was unknown, and coming on the other, if they decided to have can be printed as a Senate document out of the blue. . them printed as a Senate document? after the deadline for filing · reports, Mr. RUSSELL. I may say to the Sen I am undertaking to protect myself which has been fixed, but after having ator that though the report, with the as chairman of the committee until the taken the position I did with the Sena appendixes, is rather lengthy, I read first day of September. If no such re tor from Washington, I think in all fair practically all of it. I read all the re ports as I have indicated are filed, I ness I must object to the request of the port, but not all the appendixes, because shall gladly have the Senator's report Senator from California. I was more or less familiar with most of printed as a Senate document imme Mr. KNOWLAND. I may say to the them. I find nothing in the report to diately thereafter. But if such reports Senator from Georgia, so that particular cause me to object to its printing as a should be filed, then I should feel obli phase of the matter will not bother him, Senate document. However, the Senator gated to call the committee together and that I talked with the Senator from . knows that we might . get into a con let the committee decide which reports Washington before he left th 0 city. As troversy about some other report which should be printed as a Senate document. the .Senator ~rom Georgia knows, the might be filed; and I should prefer to I was not responsible for the September Senator from Washington is one of the have the committee settle it. For my deadline. ~eight members of the committees who part, I have no objection to the print Mr. HICKENLOOPER. . I understand. · made the report. So I think I can make ing of the report; and unless there is I am not saying that the Senator from the request on his behalf as well as on some complication for the committee to Georgia was. · But if he will yield, the behalf of the other Senators who joined decide, with respect to some other re individual views of the eight Senators in the statement. port, after the 1st of September I shall have already been decided by the com Mr. RUSSELL. I have no objection on not object to the printing of the Sen mittee-and that applies as well to the earth to the report being printed as a ator.'s report. I shall be happy to have individual views of any other Senator Senate document at the proper time. It it printed. to be eligible to be transmitted or cer occurs to me, however, that in view of Mr. HICKENLOOPER. Mr. President, tified by the committee to the Senate. the deadline which was fixed it might if the Senator from Georgia will with Mr. RUSSELL. That is correct. be well to have all the reports filed be hold his objection, I merely wish to sug Mr. HICKENLOOPER. That order fore they ar.e printed. I do not mean to gest that to all intents and purposes this has already been adopted. It is un have them printed together. ·I would . report was practically completed at least thinkable that any Senator should use not ask the Senator from California to a couple of weeks before the committee language which would be unprintable. have the report which he and seven of meeting. The eight Senators whose However, his views, whatever they may our colleagues on the joint committee. views coincided and who joined in the be, if they are filed with the chairman signed, printed with any other reports report of individual views did not try to under the present order of the commit which may be filed. I think that would be precipitous about this matter. This tee, must be certified by the chairman, be unfair. report could have been made individual or included in the Appendix of the REC Mr. KNOWLAND. I think it would es ly or otherwise, long before the com ORD and certified to the Senate for the tablish r'.. bad precedent which might rise mittee action. But as one of the eight information of the Senate. to plague us later on. who joined, I assure the Senator from Mr. RUSSELL. I may say to the Sen Mr. RUSSELL. I have no intention of Georgia that we wanted to be as temper ator that if any Senator should file a doing that. But I should like to see at ate as we could in submitting it to the report of 600 or 700 pages I would cer one time what reports are going to be committee. I suggest to the Senator that tainly call the committee together before printed as Senate documents. The Sen I do not think any document of this I would ever have it printed in the Ap ator knows that as other reports are kind-at least in my experience-which pendix. I would give the committee an filed similar requests for printing will be has been in process of preparation and opportunity to modify its previous ac.:. made. If any matter happened to be which has actually been prepared and tion. · filed here which should not· properly be in the hands of Senators, has been kept Mr. HICKENLOOPER. That action printed as a Senate document, I should so secret antl free from publicity leaks could be taken, of course. I understand then lik~ to go back to the committee and distortion of contents as has been that. · . and let the committee decide the ques the case with this report, until it was Let me make a further observation. tion. I do not know of n,ny reason for submitted to the committee and commit Without doubt any one of the eight Sen being suspicious about the matter, but it tee action was taken. So I do not be ators, or any other Senator who wanted d "j seem to me that, out of abundance of lieve that the eight Senators have been to do. so, could read. the report into the caution, it was not asking too much to precipitous. ' RECORD of the Senate if he obtained the ask that we delay until the first meeting Mr. RUSSELL. I did not charge them floor. It should not be necessary to· do after the 1st of September, before print with being precipitous. that. The views are already set in type. ing the report as a Senate document. Mr. HICKENLOOPER. Personally I The forms are in existence. This is not Mr. KNOWLAND. I can well under join with the Senator from California. a question of setting up new forms or of stand how the Senator from Georgia I feel that under the precedents this setting the matter in type. The eight would want an opportunity to examine document is fully eligible to be printed Senators unite in hoping that this report other reports, so as to know what was as a Senate document. I am .at a loss can now be printed, since it has been contained in anything for which. request to follow the Senator from Georgia, as circulated anu people have read it. J:'he_ 10576 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE AUGUST 23 eight Senators unite in hoping that the tesy to the Senator from Georgia. If report can now be printed as a Senate the Senator from Georgia objects, I HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES document, without objection, or without shall not take personal offense, but I any difficulties attending the printing. feel that at this moment I cannot with THURSDAY, AUGUST 23, 1951 Personally I feel that even on the re draw the re_quest. If it is objected to, The House met at 12 o'clock noon. quest of one Senator, his views on an that, at least for the moment, will ter Rev. William Henry Day, pastor of the official matter should be printed as a minate the matter. Yates City Methodist Church, Yates Senate document. When eight Senators Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. President, I am City, Ill., offered the following prayer: have banded together and made such a most reluctant to object. I believe in request, I think it adds very great weight the widest use of the documents of the Our Heavenly Father, make us very indeed to the request that the report Senate and in having them printed. thankful for the blessings we have as . be now printed as a Senate document. However, in view of the position I have citizens of this great Nation. May our Mr. RUSSELL. Ordinarily tha.t course heretofore taken in the discussion of· appreciation for these blessings make us would be followed. But there was noth this subject with other Members who honest in our reasoning and faithful ing ordinary about the hearings we held are interested in printing this document, in our actions. Give us a real under on this matter, from the very beginning and in view of the fact that it will be standing of the problems of life and how to the end. A resolution was adopted to only a few days from now until the time to meet them. Make us powerful in the effect that reports should be filed when the deadline for filing reports will doing the right, and so overcome the within a specific period, and that they have passed, I feel constrained to object false and evil with truth and goodness. should be printed in the last volume of at this time. I do so regretfully. Grant Thy special blessing to every the hearings. _ I would not insist upon The VICE PRESIDENT. The Senator Member of this Assembly, and make that as being any ground for asking the from Georgia objects. them a blessing to our Nation, and Senator to defer the printing of this SCHEDULE FOR PENDING APPROPRIATION through our Nation a blessing to all the report until the 1st of September. As a BILL nations of the earth. May Thy spirit matter of fact, I want the Senator's re guide and control all their delibera port printed as a Senate document. I Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President, I tions so that all their accomplishments should like to have it widely dissemi give notice that we expect to complete will retain our way of freedom and nated. The eight Senators were kind consideration this week of the appro give equal opportunity to all classes of enough to compliment me in the report priation bill on which we are working. people and demonstrate to the world the far beyond my deserts, and I want the If it is necessary we shall hold a night real worth of representative government, widest possible circulat~on of the report. session tomorrow, and if necessary also of the people, by the people, and for Mr. HICKENLOOPER. The Senator a session on Saturday. the people. from Georgia merits a great compliment Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. President, I Help us as citizens of this great Na for his conduct as presiding officer of the hope the Senate will remain in session tion to cooperate with those in authority hearings. tomorrow until we complete considera and, each working in harmony, build Mr. RUSSELL. I appreciate that. tion of the bill. I think it can be done. a world of peace and live our life here The Senator said that, in essence, in the I think the bill is in such shape that it today so there will be few regrets and a • report. can be done. multitude of pleasant remembrances Mr. IDCKENLOOPER. Furthermore, Mr. McFARLAND. I thank the Sen when life's journey is ended. every one ·of the eight Senators has stated ator. We ask it and pray it in the name of that we owe the Senator from Georgia, EXECUTIVE SESSION the Christ, the Prince of real peace. who presided so well, the courtesy of Mr. McFARLAND. I move that the Amen. keeping him informed and letting him Senate proceed to the consideration of The Journal of the proceedings of see a copy of the report, whether he executive business. Tuesday, August 21, 1951, was read and agrees with it or not. The motion was agreed to; and the approved. Mr. RUSSELL. I have read the report. Senate proceeded to the consideration Before the Senator from Iowa entered of executive business. MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE the Chamber I had already stated that The PRESIDING OFFICER