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Socialism in the Twentieth Century: a Historical Reflection
THE GLOBALIZATION & GOVERNANCE PROJECT, HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY WORKING PAPER SERIES Socialism in the Twentieth Century: a historical reflection Ⅰ-11 Donald Sassoon, University of London * Paper for the Symposium, East Asia-Europe-USA Progressive Scholars’ Forum 2003 , 11-15 October, 2003. * None of these papers should be cited without the author’s permission. East Asia-Europe- USA Progressive Scholars’ Forum, 2003 Socialism in the Twentieth Century: a historical reflection Donald Sassoon Queen Mary, University of London 1. Introduction Those who venture to discuss the meaning of socialism confront two distinct but not incompatible strategies: the essentialist and the historical. The essentialist strategy proceeds in conventional Weberian fashion. Socialism is an ideal-type, empirically deduced from the activities or ideas of those commonly regarded as socialists. Once the concept is constructed, it can be used historically to assess concrete political organisations, their activists and thinkers and measure the extent to which they fit the ideal type, why and when they diverge from each other, and account for exceptional behaviour. This procedure, of great heuristic value, is still broadly accepted and widely used, even though its theoretical rigour is highly dubious as the analysis rests on a somewhat arbitrary selection of the ‘socialist’ organisations and individuals used to produce the ideal-type concept of socialism. This procedure has the added disadvantage that, if strictly adhered to, it does not allow for historical change. Once the ideal-type is defined, novel elements cannot easily be integrated into it. However, life must go on, even in sociology. So when something new turns up, such as a revisionist interpretation, all that is required is to hoist the ideal-type onto the operating table, remove -if necessary- the bits which no longer fit, and insert the new ones. -
Allen Lane Particular Books Pelican Books Penguin Classics Penguin Modern Classics Penguin Paperbacks 3 31 41 49 55 75
CONTENTS Allen Lane 3 Particular Books 31 Pelican Books 41 Penguin Classics 49 Penguin Modern Classics 55 Penguin Paperbacks 75 Penguin Press 80 Strand London 1 1 2 3 3 3 The Secret World Money and Government A History of Intelligence Unsettled Issues in Macroeconomics Christopher Andrew Robert Skidelsky A stupendous history of intelligence, its uses and its neglect A major challenge to economic orthodoxy, by one of - by the world's leading historian of intelligence Britain's leading historians and economists The history of espionage is far older than any of today's The dominant view in economics is that money and intelligence agencies, yet the long history of intelligence government should play only a minor role in economic life. operations has been largely forgotten. The first mention of Money, it is claimed, is nothing more than a medium of espionage in world literature is in the Book of Exodus.'God exchange; and economic outcomes are best left to the sent out spies into the land of Canaan'. From there, 'invisible hand' of the market. The view taken in this important Christopher Andrew traces the shift in the ancient world from new book is that the omnipresence of uncertainty make money divination to what we would recognize as attempts to gather and government essential features of any market economy. real intelligence in the conduct of military operations, and One reason we need money is because we don't know what considers how far ahead of the West - at that time - China and the future will bring. Government - good government - makes India were. -
ASA ECONOMIC SOCIOLOGY SECTION NEWSLETTER ACCOUNTS Volume 9 Issue 1 Spring 2010
ASA ECONOMIC SOCIOLOGY SECTION NEWSLETTER ACCOUNTS Volume 9 Issue 1 Spring 2010 Section Chair’s Introduction 2009‐10 Editors Jiwook Jung T Kim Pernell Sameer Srivastava The events of the last year and a half, or two if you were watching things Harvard University closely, have led many to question whether the economy operates as most everyone understood it to operate. The Great Recession has undermined many shibboleths of economic theory and challenged the idea that free markets regulate themselves. The notion that investment bankers and titans of industry would never take risks that might put the economy in jeopardy, because they would pay the price for a collapse, now seems Inside this Issue quaint. They did take such risks, and few of them have paid any kind of price. The CEOs of the leading automakers were chided for using private Markets on Trial: Progress and jets to fly to Washington to testify before Congress, and felt obliged to Prognosis for Economic Sociology’s Response to the Financial Crisis— make their next trips in their own products, but the heads of the investment Report on a Fall 2009 Symposium banks that led us down the road to perdition received healthy bonuses this by Adam Goldstein, UC Berkeley year, as they did last year. The Dollar Standard and the Global ProductionI System: The In this issue of Accounts, the editors chose to highlight challenges to Institutional Origins of the Global conventional economic wisdom. First, we have a first-person account, Financial Crisis by Bai Gao, Duke from UC-Berkeley doctoral candidate Adam Goldstein, of a fall Kellogg Book Summary and Interview: School (Northwestern) symposium titled Markets on Trial: Sociology’s David Stark’s The Sense of Response to the Financial Crisis. -
Deception, Disinformation, and Strategic Communications: How One Interagency Group Made a Major Difference by Fletcher Schoen and Christopher J
STRATEGIC PERSPECTIVES 11 Deception, Disinformation, and Strategic Communications: How One Interagency Group Made a Major Difference by Fletcher Schoen and Christopher J. Lamb Center for Strategic Research Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University The Institute for National Strategic Studies (INSS) is National Defense University’s (NDU’s) dedicated research arm. INSS includes the Center for Strategic Research, Center for Complex Operations, Center for the Study of Chinese Military Affairs, Center for Technology and National Security Policy, Center for Transatlantic Security Studies, and Conflict Records Research Center. The military and civilian analysts and staff who comprise INSS and its subcomponents execute their mission by conducting research and analysis, publishing, and participating in conferences, policy support, and outreach. The mission of INSS is to conduct strategic studies for the Secretary of Defense, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the Unified Combatant Commands in support of the academic programs at NDU and to perform outreach to other U.S. Government agencies and the broader national security community. Cover: Kathleen Bailey presents evidence of forgeries to the press corps. Credit: The Washington Times Deception, Disinformation, and Strategic Communications: How One Interagency Group Made a Major Difference Deception, Disinformation, and Strategic Communications: How One Interagency Group Made a Major Difference By Fletcher Schoen and Christopher J. Lamb Institute for National Strategic Studies Strategic Perspectives, No. 11 Series Editor: Nicholas Rostow National Defense University Press Washington, D.C. June 2012 Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the contributors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Defense Department or any other agency of the Federal Government. -
Why Globalization Works Martin Wolf New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2004, 398 Pp
Why Globalization Works Martin Wolf New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2004, 398 pp. Martin Wolf, chief economics commentator at the Financial Times, is a brilliant journalist and an able economist. Why Globalization Works is an excellent example of the author’s capacity for examination and analy- sis. The book is based on a series of articles on globalization that origi- nally appeared in the FT, and on his Hayek Memorial Lecture to the Institute of Economic Affairs in London. Wolf presents a detailed reply to the main arguments proffered by the forces opposed to globalization, and demonstrates conclusively its advan- tages—historically, and both in theory and in practice—over all alterna- tive systems. He presents a splendid survey of the literature about this topic. He holds not only that globalization works, but also that it is needed if we are to aspire to extend prosperity and freedom to the whole planet. His presentation is sophisticated, complete, and comes out roundly in favor of globalization. It is the best analysis of the subject yet: a passionate voyage across one of the most vital aspects of cultural, social, political, and economic life at the start of the 21st century. Wolf is convinced that the market is undeniably the most powerful vehicle ever to exist for raising living standards. From this premise, he analyzes the debacle of the collectivist experiments of the 20th century— nationalism, communism, fascism—and their profound negative effect on the wealth and freedom of nations. In the same way, he testifies to the demise of light collectivism, which was based on the preachings of 379 CATO JOURNAL Keynes and was practiced in many states from the end of the Second World War until the crises of the mid-1970s. -
From Atoms to Bits
Identity and Privacy in a Globalized Community By Joichi Ito June 17, 2002 Version 1.0 See http://www.neoteny.com/jito/english/notebook/privars.html for updates From atoms to bits In his Wired Magazine column of January 1, 1995 “Bits and Atoms” Nicholas Negroponte’ describes the shift in focus from atoms to bits.1 The shift from atoms to bits is still one of the most significant shifts impacting society today. As with most technical trends, people have over-anticipated the short term impact (the dot-com bubble) but have severely under-estimated the long term impact. The impact of digital communication networks and globalization on identities and nations The industrial revolution triggered a cultural shift causing nations to become powerful entities in a globalized geo-political world. The world began to focus on the products of mass production and the world began to focus mostly on the “atoms”. Individuals became able to travel easily and individuals began to be identified and tracked as physical units and physical borders rigorously managed. Digital communication technology and cyberspace has increased greatly the power and value of the non-physical world and is affecting the nature of national borders and identity. Here I would like to explore some of the changes facing an era of digital transnational communications, focusing on value shifting to cyberspace and its impact on identity, authentication and privacy. Scalability of communications as profound as mass production Although cyberspace and bits are rather new, non-physical space is an old idea. A major step toward large-scale shared virtual communities and the scalability of communications was the creation of the printing press and the public. -
[Comments] International Internet Policy (NTIA)
Regulatory Comment Comments submitted to the National Telecommunications and Information Administration in the Matter of: INTERNATIONAL INTERNET POLICY PRIORITIES Ryan Hagemann Alec Stapp Senior Director for Policy Technology Policy Fellow Niskanen Center Niskanen Center Submitted: July 17, 2018 Docket Number: 180124068-8068-01 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY One of the primary challenges to the continued free flow of information and speech online is the potential for a “control-driven model” of global Internet governance to supplant the existing American-inspired order. National laws and regulations, promulgated by countries around the world, could potentially impede cross- border information flows, to the significant detriment of not only U.S. companies and private sector interests, but free expression and human rights as well. But the threats to the current paradigm of multistakeholder-driven Internet governance do not spring only from nation-states. The emerergence of advanced technologies, such as automated botnets, hold the potential to devolve considerable power over the globally-networked digital ecosystem into the hands of non-state actors. It is a fragile time for the Internet. To combat these many emerging threats, it is imperative that the United States continue to play a leading role in defending the existing order for Internet governance. Digital commerce and trade requires a consistent, predictable, and simple legal environment to maximize the benefits to human beings worldwide. The right to freedom of expression, similarly, requires certainty and trust in an online environment made possible by a consensus-driven model of governance, led by stakeholders from industry and civil society capable of equitably balancing the complicated trade-offs that no single nation-state can do by fiat. -
The Future of Money: from Financial Crisis to Public Resource
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Mellor, Mary Book — Published Version The future of money: From financial crisis to public resource Provided in Cooperation with: Pluto Press Suggested Citation: Mellor, Mary (2010) : The future of money: From financial crisis to public resource, ISBN 978-1-84964-450-1, Pluto Press, London, http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/30777 This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/182430 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further -
Henry Jenkins Convergence Culture Where Old and New Media
Henry Jenkins Convergence Culture Where Old and New Media Collide n New York University Press • NewYork and London Skenovano pro studijni ucely NEW YORK UNIVERSITY PRESS New York and London www.nyupress. org © 2006 by New York University All rights reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Jenkins, Henry, 1958- Convergence culture : where old and new media collide / Henry Jenkins, p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-8147-4281-5 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-8147-4281-5 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Mass media and culture—United States. 2. Popular culture—United States. I. Title. P94.65.U6J46 2006 302.230973—dc22 2006007358 New York University Press books are printed on acid-free paper, and their binding materials are chosen for strength and durability. Manufactured in the United States of America c 15 14 13 12 11 p 10 987654321 Skenovano pro studijni ucely Contents Acknowledgments vii Introduction: "Worship at the Altar of Convergence": A New Paradigm for Understanding Media Change 1 1 Spoiling Survivor: The Anatomy of a Knowledge Community 25 2 Buying into American Idol: How We are Being Sold on Reality TV 59 3 Searching for the Origami Unicorn: The Matrix and Transmedia Storytelling 93 4 Quentin Tarantino's Star Wars? Grassroots Creativity Meets the Media Industry 131 5 Why Heather Can Write: Media Literacy and the Harry Potter Wars 169 6 Photoshop for Democracy: The New Relationship between Politics and Popular Culture 206 Conclusion: Democratizing Television? The Politics of Participation 240 Notes 261 Glossary 279 Index 295 About the Author 308 V Skenovano pro studijni ucely Acknowledgments Writing this book has been an epic journey, helped along by many hands. -
Mobilizing Entrepreneurship
volume 7 | issue 4 A quarterly journal published by MIT Press innovations TECHNOLOGY | GOVERNANCE | GLOBALIZATION Mobilizing Entrepreneurship Lead Essays Iqbal Quadir Form, Transform, Platform Raj Gollamudi Mobilizing Entrepreneurship Chris Locke The Challenge of Sustaining App Entrepreneurs Cases Authored by Innovators Mark Davies Fertilizer by Phone Hans Wijayasuriya and Michael de Soyza Bridging Divides with Inclusive mCommerce Erik Hersman Mobilizing Tech Entrepreneurs in Africa Analysis and Perspective on Policy Chris Williamson & Corina Gardner Thinking Horizontally and Vertically: A Better Way to Approach Mobile Innovation Maja Andjelkovic and Saori Imaizumi Mobile Entrepreneurship and Employment Jane Vincent Using ICTs to Support New Global Societies Philip Auerswald and Jenny Stefanotti Integrating Technology and Institutional Change ENTREPRENEURIAL SOLUTIONS TO GLOBAL CHALLENGES Editors OpenInnovations Team Advisory Board Philip Auerswald Adam Hasler Susan Davis Iqbal Quadir Colleen Kaman Bill Drayton Contributing Editors Kate Mytty David Kellogg Chris Williamson Laura Neuhaus Eric Lemelson Corina Gardner Publisher Granger Morgan David Taverner Nicholas Sullivan Jacqueline Novogratz Roger Stough Senior Editor James Turner Winthrop Carty Xue Lan Managing Editor Editorial Board Michael Youngblood David Audretsch Senior Researcher Matthew Bunn Adam Hasler Maryann Feldman Richard Florida Associate Editors Peter Mandaville Dody Riggs Julia Novy-Hildesley Helen Snively Francisco Veloso Strategic Advisor Yang Xuedong Erin Krampetz Innovations: Technology | Governance | Globalization is co-hosted by the School of Public Policy, George Mason University (Fairfax VA, USA); the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University (Cambridge MA, USA); and the Legatum Center for Development and Entrepreneurship, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Cambridge MA, USA). Support for the journal is provided in part by the Lemelson Foundation and the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation. -
2015 New York Journalism Hall of Fame
THE DEADLINE CLUB New York City Chapter, Society of Professional 2015 Journalists NEW YORK JOURNALISM HALL OF FAME SARDI’S RESTAURANT, 234 WEST 44TH ST., MANHATTAN Thursday, Nov. 19, 2015 11:30 a.m. reception Noon luncheon 1 p.m. ceremony PROGRAM WELCOME J. Alex Tarquinio MENU Deadline Club Chairwoman REMARKS APPETIZER Peter Szekely Deadline Club President Sweet Corn Soup with Crab and Avocado Paul Fletcher ENTREE Society of Professional Journalists President Sauteed Black Angus Sirloin Steak with Parmesan Whipped Potatoes, Betsy Ashton Porcini Parsley Custard and Classic Bordelaise Sauce, Deadline Club Past President Seasonal Vegetables THE HONOREES MAX FRANKEL DESSERT The New York Times Molten Chocolate Cake JUAN GONZÁLEZ with Pistachio Ice Cream The New York Daily News CHARLIE ROSE CBS and PBS LESLEY STAHL CBS’s “60 Minutes” PAUL E. STEIGER ProPublica and The Wall Street Journal RICHARD B. STOLLEY Time Inc. FOLLOW THE CONVERSATION ON TWITTER WITH THE HASHTAG #deadlineclub. PROGRAM WELCOME J. Alex Tarquinio MENU Deadline Club Chairwoman REMARKS APPETIZER Peter Szekely Deadline Club President Sweet Corn Soup with Crab and Avocado Paul Fletcher ENTREE Society of Professional Journalists President Sauteed Black Angus Sirloin Steak with Parmesan Whipped Potatoes, Betsy Ashton Porcini Parsley Custard and Classic Bordelaise Sauce, Deadline Club Past President Seasonal Vegetables THE HONOREES MAX FRANKEL DESSERT The New York Times Molten Chocolate Cake JUAN GONZÁLEZ with Pistachio Ice Cream The New York Daily News CHARLIE ROSE CBS and PBS LESLEY STAHL CBS’s “60 Minutes” PAUL E. STEIGER ProPublica and The Wall Street Journal RICHARD B. STOLLEY Time Inc. FOLLOW THE CONVERSATION ON TWITTER WITH THE HASHTAG #deadlineclub. -
Propublica Report to Stakeholders May-August, 2014
ProPublica Report to Stakeholders The Power of Partnerships May-August, 2014 The latest in a series of periodic reports to our stakeholders about progress at ProPublica. Earlier reports, including our annual report for 2013 and report for the first period of 2014, are available at ProPublica.org. An Unequalled Breadth of Partnerships ProPublica has had 111 different publishing partners over six years—but per- haps more remarkable is the fact that we had 26 partners in the middle four months of 2014 alone. Both the quality and the range of these partnerships were noteworthy, including stories published exclusively with the New York Times, NPR News, the Washington Post, the Atlantic and WNYC. Our work also appeared in BuzzFeed, the Daily Beast, Mashable, Source, the Lens, Center for Investigative Reporting, Univision and Upworthy. We worked with Amazon on ebooks, and with other newspapers including the Albany Times Union, Boston Globe, Chicago Tribune, Dallas Morning News, Miami Herald, Newark Star-Led- ger, New York Daily News, Philadelphia Inquirer and Tampa Bay Times. Pro- Publica stories also ran in the magazines Marie Claire and Sports Illustrated. We pursue such partnerships carefully. Some are de- signed to get greater reach for important stories. But most are intended to maximize the chances that our work will have impact and spur change. So when we undertake a national story with a local angle, we’ll often publish the re- sult with a lead local outlet, where the story will naturally be of greater salience. A tale of abusive charges under Medicare that centered in Chicago, published in July in the Chicago Tribune, is a perfect example; so is the story published just two weeks later in the Tampa Bay Times about how a statute designed to protect against predatory auto title loans had been undermined in Florida.