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Els Setges De Barcelona Albert Sánchez Piñol

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Els Setges De Barcelona Albert Sánchez Piñol COBERTA 89_BCNM 16/07/13 10:00 Página 1 Els setges de Barcelona Barcelona under siege Los asedios de Barcelona Entrevista / Interview Albert Sánchez Piñol Estiu / Summer / Verano 2013 Verano / Summer / Estiu www.barcelonametropolis.cat Número 89 - Estiu 2013 - 6 € Barcelona Metròpolis 89 - - 89 Metròpolis Barcelona www.bcn.cat/bcnmetropolis http://twitter.com/bcnmetropolis 8 9 8 400214 062238 Editorial A l’esquerra, el Born restaurat i un detall de la manifestació massiva de l’11 de setembre de 2012. A l’interior de la coberta, Jaume I presidint les Corts catalanes al frontispici d’unes Constitucions del segle XV, i un grup de barcelonins fent campanya a favor de l’Estatut, l’agost de 1931. A les fotos de les dues pàgines següents, Miquel Serra i Pàmies; confecció d’una pancarta del PSUC l’any 1936; Salvador Espriu, i la bailaora Carmen Amaya. El vent de la història Som a les portes del Tricentenari de l’11 de setembre de Segona Guerra Mundial. De la resistència de la Barcelona Marc Puig i Guàrdia 1714, una data assenyalada que va marcar un abans i un republicana davant els atacs franquistes en parlem també Director de Comunicació i després en la història de Barcelona. Durant tot un any aquí reivindicant la figura de Miquel Serra i Pàmies, un Atenció Ciutadana commemorem el setge borbònic a la ciutat, uns fets que van home que en una actuació heroica davant la imminent suposar la pèrdua dels drets polítics i les llibertats civils dels ocupació franquista va evitar l’any 1939 la destrucció catalans. L’Ajuntament de Barcelona i la Generalitat de massiva de la ciutat per part de les forces comunistes, que Catalunya han impulsat una commemoració ciutadana que havien planificat d’arrasar Barcelona en el moment de la ha de servir per redescobrir la ciutat del segle XVIII, enten- retirada. Tenim el deure d’honorar els ciutadans que han dre la dimensió dels fets i posar-los en relació amb la reali- arriscat la seva vida per la ciutat en circumstàncies tan tat present i les expectatives de futur. La commemoració extremes. del Tricentenari a Barcelona potenciarà el diàleg entre Tant el 1714 com el 1939, Barcelona es va haver de passat i present amb un extens programa d’activitats que rendir davant d’una força incontestable que havia de sotme- inclourà exposicions, debats, seminaris, publicacions, itine- tre-la a una voluntat uniformadora i centralista. L’Europa raris, festes ciutadanes i propostes artístiques. moderna es va construir sobre l’estat nació i era molt difícil Des de Barcelona Metròpolis abordem també els fets contravenir el sentit de la història. Avui, però, el vent bufa de 1714 amb la mirada posada en el passat, el present i el en tota una altra direcció i ha fet emergir unes noves rela- futur. A les seves memòries, Manuel Azaña va deixar anar cions internacionals que depassen les fronteres dels estats. una frase que llegida avui cobra una dimensió del tot Avui Barcelona té una veu pròpia en el nou diàleg global que ominosa: “Una persona de mi conocimiento afirma, regeix el món. És exemple de resistència, però també como una ley de la historia de España, la necesidad de d’obertura i integració. “Barcelona és una gran fàbrica de bombardear Barcelona cada cincuenta años. Esta fer barcelonins”, diu l’escriptor Albert Sánchez Piñol, autor boutade denota todo un programa político. De hecho, de Victus, entrevistat en aquest número de Barcelona Barcelona ha sufrido más veces que ninguna otra capi- Metròpolis. Quanta raó que tenia Joan Sales quan deia que tal española el rigor de las armas.” Els conflictes bèl·lics “les guerres que perds són les guerres que guanyes”. que ha viscut la ciutat de Barcelona no han estat mai fets aïllats, ni purament locals, sinó que han concernit l’escena internacional. Els fets de 1714 van conformar una jugada en una partida molt complexa que es disputava en el tauler polític europeu. El setge de Barcelona va captivar l’atenció d’un autor de talla universal, com és Daniel Defoe, que va donar la seva visió de la Guerra de Successió a El capità Carleton, una novel·la que enguany s’ha publicat en català. Més de dos-cents anys més tard, durant la Guerra Civil espanyola, Barcelona va viure el primer bombardeig aeri de la història sobre la població civil, un autèntic camp de proves de les atrocitats que es cometrien després durant la 1 Editorial In the photos on this page and the next one, from left to right: Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC) leader Miquel Serra i Pàmies; making a banner for that party in 1936; the poet Salvador Espriu, and the flamenco dancer Carmen Amaya. In the photos on the inside cover and the previous page, left to right: James I presiding over Parliament in the Constitutions of the 15th century; the pro-Catalan Statute of Autonomy campaign in 1932; the Born neighbourhood, and the demonstration of 11 September 2012. The winds of history Marc Puig i Guàrdia The Tercentenary of the 11 September 1714, a crucial date attacks is also addressed here, as is the figure of Miquel Director of that constituted a watershed in Barcelona’s history, is Serra i Pàmies, a man who, in a heroic deed before the Communications and Citizen Service almost upon us. Throughout the year we are commemorat - imminent occupation of the city by Franco’s forces in 1939, ing the Bourbon siege of the city, which led Catalans to lose averted the mass destruction of the city by the Communist their political rights and civil liberties . Barcelona City Coun- forces, who had planned to raze Barcelona as they retrea- cil and the Catalan Government have promoted a civic cele- ted. We have a duty to honour citizens who have risked their bration that will help to rediscover the city of the 18th lives for the city in such extreme circumstances. century, understand the magnitude of the events and relate In 1714 and in 1939, Barcelona was obliged to surrender them to the present reality and future outlook. The com - before a compelling force whose aim was to uniformise and mem oration of the Tercentenary in Barcelona will enhance centralise. Modern Europe was built upon the nation state the dialogue between past and present through an exten- and going against the grain of history was hardly an option. sive programme of activities, including exhibitions, debates, Today, however, the wind blows in a totally different direc- seminars, publications, routes, popular festivals and artis- tion and has fuelled new international relations that tran - tic proposals. scend state borders. Barcelona now has its own voice in the Barcelona Metròpolis is also revisiting the events of new global dialogue that governs the world. It is an exam- 1714, its gaze set on the past, present and future. In his ple of resistance, but also of openness and integration. memoirs, Manuel Azaña said something which in the “Barcelona is a big factory that produces Barcelona inhabi- current context takes on a very ominous aspect: “A person tants,” says the writer Albert Sánchez Piñol, author of I know said that the need to bomb Barcelona every fifty Victus, interviewed in this issue of Barcelona Metròpolis. years is like a law in the history of Spain. This boutade illus- Joan Sales was so right when he said “the wars you lose are trates something that is tantamount to a veritable political the wars you win”. programme. Indeed, Barcelona has fallen under the sword more times than any other Spanish capital.” The conflicts that scourged Barcelona were never isolated or purely local, as they involved the international scene. The events of 1714 were part of a very complex game that played out on the European political stage. The siege of Barcelona caught the attention of a universal author of the stature of Daniel Defoe, who gave his own vision of the War of the Spanish Succession in The Memoirs of Captain George Carleton, a novel published this year in Catalan language. More than two hundred years later, during the Spanish Civil War, Barcelona would be hit by the first air raid on civilians in history, making it a veritable testing ground for the atroci- ties that would later be perpetrated in the Second World War. Republican Barcelona’s resistance against Franco’s 2 Editorial En las fotos de la página anterior y de esta, de izquierda a derecha: Miquel Serra i Pàmies; confección de una pancarta del PSUC en 1936; el poeta Salvador Espriu, y la bailaora Carmen Amaya. En el interior de la cubierta y en la primera página: el rey Jaime I presidiendo las Cortes en el frontispicio de unas Constituciones del siglo XV; campaña en favor del Estatuto de autonomía, en agosto de 1931; el Born restaurado, y un detalle de la masiva manifestación soberanista del 11 de septiembre de 2012. El viento de la historia Estamos a las puertas del Tricentenario del 11 de septiem- las atrocidades que se cometerían después durante la Marc Puig i Guàrdia bre de 1714, una fecha señalada que marcó un antes y un Segunda Guerra Mundial. De la resistencia de la Barcelona Director de Comunicación y después en la historia de Barcelona. Durante todo un año republicana ante los ataques franquistas hablamos también Atención Ciudadana conmemoramos el asedio borbónico a la ciudad, unos aquí reivindicando la figura de Miquel Serra Pàmies, un hechos que supusieron la pérdida de los derechos políticos hombre que en una actuación heroica ante la inminente y las libertades civiles de los catalanes. El Ayuntamiento de ocupación franquista evitó en el año 1939 la destrucción Barcelona y la Generalitat de Cataluña han impulsado una masiva de la ciudad por parte de las fuerzas comunistas, que conmemoración ciudadana que ha de servir para redescu- habían planificado arrasar Barcelona en el momento de la brir la ciudad del siglo XVIII, entender la dimensión de los retirada.
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