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Further notes on the Genealogy and Social History of the Carlow family of John Tyndall (1820-1893)

Miguel DeArce,1 Deirdre McGing,2 Emma O’Riordan, Norman McMillan,3 Martin Nevin4 and James Elwick5

(1) Corresponding author. Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin Ireland Email: [email protected]

(2) Email: [email protected] (3) Director, Droptechnology, Tallagh Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland Email: [email protected] (4) [email protected] (5) Tyndall Correspondence Project, University of York, Toronto, Canada. Email: [email protected]

A Tyndall legend search of the Renaissance scholar and around that time. The family moved to which enabled John to claim descent the police station in nearby Nurney where The fragmentary biographies of John from a martyr who died as a dissident, a they spent five years until 1833, when Tyndall currently available have focused figure into which John appeared to cast John was thirteen years of age. The their attention on some of his very himself before the religious period in Nurney did not mean a change prominent friends,1 whom he met establishment of his time. We are aware of school, because Leighlin, Nurney and through his work; Huxley, Hooker, Hirst, of only one local effort to investigate the school are roughly equidistant. From Spencer, and the rest of the X Club. John Tyndall’s Carlow roots,4 and to this 1833 to 1836 the family moved again, Attention has also focused recently on his we can now add new findings on the this time to more distant wife Louisa Hamilton,2 who came from genealogy and social history of his Castlebellingham (Co. Louth), returning a distinguished family that was to join the Carlow family. to Leighlinbridge when John was sixteen. British Royal family tree in recent In his spare time Mr Tyndall worked as a decades when Diana Spencer married Parents cobbler. Eve and Creasy tell us also7 that Prince Charles. John also boasted of his Little is known about his parents5 John while in Carlow both his father and descent from William Tyndale,3 possibly Tyndall (1792-1847) and Sarah grandfather were land agents for the the most famous of the 16 century McCassey (d.1867). All of Tyndall’s (William) Steuart estate, and as agents translators of the Greek and Latin books biographical notes mention that his father their job it was to collect rent, oversee the of the Bible into English during the reign joined the Irish Constabulary in 1828, but necessary maintenance required for the of Henry VIII, when doing any such Jim Herlihy’s6 Index of RIC officers and production that was expected from each thing was regarded as heretical and trea- men (1816-1922), which purports to letting, etc. The salary paid by other sonable, and thus deserving an ugly include all the men that ever joined the landlords to their local agents was £25 death, which came in due course in force, does not list any John Tyndall per annum.8 According to local historian Carloviana 2013-14 1 1 the genealogy & social history of the family of John tyndall

Michael Purcell9 “The Steuarts were spondence (see below). The volume for Carlow of the Griffith’s Scottish Presbiterians that were banished Valuation of Ireland,15 printed in 1852, from Scotland in 1638. The main house His mother was of Quaker farming stock, shows that John Tyndall lived in house in the estate, where William Steuart lived and the common opinion that she was No. 22 of Bridge Street, in the Town of (1752), was Steuart’s Lodge, and was from Ballynabranna, also in the County, Leighlinbridge, Parish of Agha, in the joined by marriage to the larger Duckett has been challenged,13 in favour of Barony of Idrone. The house and yard estate of Duckett’s Grove fame. In 1843, Ballybrommell, the property of William were rented from William R. Stewart at William’s son, William Richard Steuart, Malone, her father, since the 1780s. She £1 s5 per year, similar to many other High Sheriff of County Carlow in 1821, was well read and had been a companion properties in the street. Since there is only married Elizabeth Dawson-Duckett of to one of the sisters in the Lecky one such valuation, we do not know Duckett’s Grove. The Steuarts did not household that produced the Trinity when the Tyndalls first moved to enjoy the prosperity of the Duckett’s College historian William Edward Garrison House in Leighlinbridge, or if because by the middle of the nineteenth Hartpole Lecky (1838-1903). She had a this is the same house they occupied century, Elizabeth Dawson Steuart, then brother called Jonathan, or John for short, before and after moving to a widow, owned a much reduced estate born in Co. Carlow in 1778, where he Castlebellingham. The footprint of this of 650 acres. When she died in March married and had seven children. Leaving house where the Tyndall family are said 1893, she left the property to her nephew, the family behind, he emigrated to the to have lived in Carlow is a substantial Major Charles Edward Henry Duckett US, being buried in Ripon, Fond du Lac space where, even allowing enough room (1850 – 1904) who adopted the Steuart County, Wisconsin, in 1861. In a letter to for an archway on the right leading to the name, and he married the London actress, her son, Mrs Sarah Tyndall clarified her entrance to the yard before the Annie Seymore. Their only son, William own local origin and fortunes;14 headquarters of the local Irish Steuart Duckett Steuart, died in 1930.” In Constabulary—a building that is today the 1840s landlords wielded tremendous "My grandmother's family were people quite intact—leaves generous space for a power over their tenants, and a delay of of wealth and property; their name was house at least as good as any of the other a few days in paying the rent could see Malone. But my grandmother marrying houses in what is now Main Street in the tenant brought to court by the agent. out of meeting she was denied by them. Leighlinbridge. We contend that no In attempting to work out where John Her father left three townlands one each beggars lived in Main Street Tyndall (sr) stood among his peers, we to her brothers: Ballybrommell to Leighlinbridge. With John (senior) a ought to bear in mind that the Ducketts William, Ballintrain to Thomas, and member of the Orange order, and Sarah (and presumably their employee, Mr Killkay to Pim—I believe that is coming from a formerly Quaker Tyndall) were highly principled and Nehemiah—and to my grandmother one household, their own roots reveal them as fervent Protestants who avoided shilling. This however never altered the industrious, keen on self-education and employing Catholics in their estate, affection of her husband for her, and they well connected locally, at least to the considering them incapable of governing had abundance while they lived. They Protestant sector of the community, the themselves. Locally, the late 1840s cover had one son, and that was my father, and minority where power and influence potato famines, rural revolts on the issue she reared him as she was herself reared resided. The legend of “poor Johnny” of rent, and massive emigration. John (jr) as a Quaker, and I went along with him may not be sustainable when local took the boat early, and was not at home to a meeting where Mrs. Leckie, first circumstances are considered. to see the events, but followed them saw me." closely. His father was a member of the Father-son correspondence Orange Order, which at the time had two All these circumstances have combined lodges operating in Carlow, Nos. 846 and to produce a mythology about John Friday’s microfiche edition of John 1005, which at present contain no growing up as the son of a poor rural Irish Tyndall’s Catalogue of Correspondence16 relevant information.10 We know that at family, a story that in his more successful lists and summarises 74 letters passed some point community relations in days, having penetrated through between father and son from 6 May 1840, Carlow turned nasty, certainly between enormous personal efforts into the when John began to work away from the Brennan and the Purcell families, London scientific elite, he relished to home in Youghal Co. Cork, until 18 with the murder of Matthew Brennan recall. The romantic story of little John November 1843, when he was about to allegedly by the Purcells as the grimmest going to school barefoot, and bringing leave Preston. In these letters we see a episode, due to land disputes. Matthew home sods of turf gathered from the mostly unhappy young man, politically had offended the Purcells by buying the fields on the way back, could very well alert, disgusted with the progress the farm from which one of the Purcells had be true, but this was something that many Catholics were making, keen on writing been evicted.11 Although we know that Irish country folk of a good age and even trying his hand at poetry, the local police were involved in trying remember fondly even to this day as religiously inclined but at the same time, to keep the sides apart, we do not know quite normal and enjoyable, hardly a dissatisfied and controversial. He Mr. Tyndall’s views or role, if any. We symbol of a disadvantaged situation attempted to go to America but the must be content with keeping Mr. Tyn- in life. requisite credentials from local people dall’s Orange Order sash in the County did not materialise. Council Museum,12 and to document his Garrison House activities turning to the father-son corre- His father’s financial position throughout

Carloviana 2013-14 1 1 the genealogy & social history of the family of John tyndall this period was poor, and on 23 March Young. Herlihy lists a George Young in her home. Searches of death notices or 184117 writing from Youghal, John told the RIC with badge No. 6148. George gravestones have proved fruitless.35 his father that he had asked a “Wm. Hay- died aged 47 on 14 November 1860,29 don” to send money to his father. On 3 thus having been born in 1813, and The above would suggest that the August 184118 writing from his new post- married to Emma for 19 years. Current estimate of Emma’s birth date given by ing with the Ordnance Survey in Kinsale local memory would have it that there Eve and Creasey was the local Co. Cork, we learn that things at home were no children from this marriage, but recollection collected by Louisa Tyndall were not going well, as the family had to see below for evidence against this. On in her visit to Carlow in 1894, but that move to uncle Bill’s house to prevent a 13 December 1865 there is another Emma was most likely younger than possible outrage on their home, and from marriage record for Emma Young,30 John, having been born around 1826. his letter of 10 August19 we learn that widow, to Mr (George?) William Catholics were boycotting his father’s Hargrave, a sergeant of the police, (badge In the record of her marriage to William business, and that he offered his father No.476331) also living in Slyguff, but Hargrave, Emma’s father is said to be money. On 24 September20 he tells his born in Monaghan in 1822, where his Caleb Tyndall, but since her father had father how he would dearly like to make father Francis had a farm. Thus Emma died in 1847 and her brother John was him independent. On 20 November21 he Young became Emma Hargrave. The abroad, uncle Caleb would have been the announces that he will not be able to go name Hargrave or any of its variants one on hand to give her away on behalf home for Christmas, and he mentions his does not feature in any other Church of of the family. The husband’s marital surprise at Emma’s intended marriage. In Ireland (COI) record of births, marriages status is said to be a bachelor, and the July22 and August23 1843 John mentions or deaths in the County of Carlow before wife (Emma) is noted as a widow. that he would be glad to see Emma in or after that date, or in Griffiths Witnesses were exchanged between bride Preston, but that finding accommodation Valuation, suggesting that this was a and groom. Caleb Tyndall is witness for there was difficult. By 12 September, he name imported into Carlow through the the husband, and a James Gregory is the reported Emma’s arrival and that she was RIC. It was a common practice in the witness for the wife. in good health.24 Force to bring to every station many agents that were not local. The Census of In the 1901 Census form the religion of Uncle Bill Ireland for 190132 mentions Emma the Holmes is noted as Roman Catholic, Hargrave as living with the family of her and of Emma, Irish Church. From Dorah Uncle Bill, William Tyndall (1800- ?) daughter Dorothea (Dorah, aged 58 onwards, all her female descendants must have been a formidable presence in then), her son-in-law, John Holmes (aged leading to the McGing (2013) have the life of the Tyndall family of 70 at the time?), and their children Dorah married wealthy Catholics, some of the Leighlinbridge, representing the paternal, (aged 26) and James (aged 1), all living men, ironically, having had active doctrinaire, hard core Protestant tradition, in the same house in Vicarstown, Co. Republican allegiance. Taking the ages who were also highly principled and Laoise. The older Dorah’s birth occurred given in the 1901 Census at face value religiously strict. He was able to provide therefore in 1843, within one year of (which requires a little stretching of the alternative accommodation for the family Emma’s marriage to George Young (see imagination), we are confirmed that in the times when their business was above). We will see how this appears to Emma was born around 1826. boycotted by Catholics25 and they feared have been an interesting year for Emma. an outrage against their home.26 The age given for Emma in this Eve and Creasey mention a letter from document is 75, which makes her birth to Hirst to Tyndall dated 17 February 189136 Sister Emma have occurred in 1826. Lastly, her death where at a dinner party, Lecky, a Carlow certificate33 states that Emma Hargrave, man who had known John’s mother many John’s sister Emma is mentioned several a widow, had died of cerebral apoplexy years before (see above), was sitting times in Eve and Creasy’s biography,27 on 7 September 1904, at her home in No. close to Herbert Spencer talking about saying that she was three years his senior 42 Hardwicke St (Dublin 1W). Emma’s Tyndall’s sister Emma, saying that she (p1), which would indicate her birth age at her death is stated to be 80, with was “out of her mind,” and the occurred in 1817. In the absence of a the corresponding birth date in 1824. Her biographers mention some form of birth or baptism certificate to verify this 1904 address would have been very “religious hysteria” that possessed her date, we have tried to pin down her dates some decades earlier but this part of the from time to time. According to family through other events. We found that the city was already then decaying into a tradition, Emma was indeed very assumed date of her birth is probably slum,34 and in any case she did not own religious, and had her Holmes Catholic incorrect. the house but was a tenant, sharing the grandchildren re-baptised in the Church room with a Mrs. Handy. Other people of Ireland. There is a marriage certificate from the living in the house had Carlow Church of Ireland parish at Slyguff, connections, and this plus the cheap rent Some state of poor mental health could where Emma Tyndall married a Mr must have been what brought the explain the observation that Emma had George Young,28 from the parish of widowed Emma to that address. An an encounter with the local police in Lorum, on 22 November 1841, which additional factor making this address Carlow on 5 March 1866,37 when she tallies exactly with the transcripts suitable for Emma being the proximity of was detained for trespassing and damage mentioned above, and she became Emma two Protestant churches within sight of to property in Slyguff (it seems she broke Carloviana 2013-14 1 1 the genealogy & social history of the family of John tyndall a large glass window). She was fined £1 police had already taken place, it became it is a thing can be done I would wish to and costs of 6/6 or a month in the Carlow clear that Emma needed some have him out of the town, but I believe it Gaol. It is reasonable to think that the supervision and that her daughters would will be done if it is a thing that can, as far family tried to see if a change of undertake this, thus incurring in some as Mrs Steuart's interest goes which I environment would help her, hence expense. It is possible that William believe is very great. sending her to relations or acquaintances Hargrave had already died. With regard in Dublin. Family tradition indicates that to “Mrs. Tyndall,” if she was not their The meaning of this text is not easy to un- she and her two daughters moved to mother (deceased 1867), she must have derstand, perhaps because she wanted to Vicarstown where they ran a pub, and been their uncle Caleb’s wife Mary Anne, be oblique, warning her father “to keep this is where the 1901 census found her. married around the year 1876 (see this in the most secret manner.” We are She returned to Dublin to die there below). “The girls” could refer to given to understand—but this is less than in1904. Emma’s or Caleb’s daughters (see below, clear—that she had gone to Preston to Caleb had three little daughters between forget the unwanted attentions of some Emma’s correspondence 1876 and 1881) or other female relatives. local man, but we prefer not to speculate.

There are currently two different cata- The third letter is JT/1/T/1484 and is We mentioned that Emma had married logues to the collection of John Tyndall’s dated 23 January 1865, addressed to his George Young, policeman, in 1841, so correspondence, one by Frank James at mother who would die shortly she was married a few months when she the Royal Institution,38 and another in afterwards. This is a very tender letter went to Preston. The letter suggests in microfiche form by Friday, McLeod and which reflects a sensitive young man Emma a wisdom beyond her years (in our Shepherd.39 Both mention the same three who is also full of faith. reckoning she was about sixteen at the letters; JT/1/T/82, dated 22 May 1876 time). Eve and Creasey—apparently passed between Hector Tyndale and his In addition to those, there are two typed unaware of Emma’s sufferings at the Carlow cousin Emma Tyndall. Hector transcripts made by Louisa, not listed in time—say about her trip to Preston that who had joined the US Cavalry just the catalogues mentioned above. One is it was “a visit,” but this would not ex- before the American Civil War, was by dated 23 October 1840,40 addressed to clude Emma seeking refuge from local then a national hero living in Emma—then aged thirteen, if we go by gossip. It seems that John was in Preston Philadelphia. In the 1840s, both Emma the Census reckoning—by her brother from 1842 to November 1843. Emma, and John had considered going to John while he was in Youghal (Cork). It writing to her father from Preston on 22 America, but he dissuaded them. is an amusing letter where he tells her the August 184342 tells him of her progress, reason why he could not write before, as and that she is living, not in the same Letter JT/1/T/1483 is dated 23 January he had to look after the other five place as John, but with a lady friend of 1876 (the date on the transcript is 1870 younger—and wilder—men who lived in his who looks after her very well. Her but this is obviously an error), and in it his house. new husband is not mentioned, giving the John announced his engagement to impression that she was there by herself. Louisa Hamilton whom he married This included the son of Captain Wright, shortly afterwards. The first the Chief Constable at Leighlinbridge at The above mentioned letter has an un- announcement had gone to Hirst just the the time. The other dates from 18 dated note attached to it which again day before. John tells his sister; August41 and was written by Emma to refers to her past troubles. It is addressed her father in Carlow, and sent to an unknown lady: “I talked to her (Louisa’s) father and I from Preston. was pleased to find one of his first “Dear Madam remarks to be that the care of you must The substance of the letter can be seen I think it high time for me to redeem my remain sacred. Of course I would not do from the following lines; pledge which I made to you previous to anything that could impair my power of my leaving Leighlin Bridge. Being maintaining you in comfort. Give my “The interest which you have taken in my removed from scenes which only remind regards to Mrs. Tyndall and the girls.” sufferings binds me to you more than me of the treachery of pretended friends, ever, and I believe when it is worn away and having other objects to occupy my Several questions arise from these lines. it is the best turn that ever crossed me attention, I find myself recruiting rapidly. By 1876 both Tyndall parents were through life. It will show me human My mind enjoys comparative ease, and I deceased, Emma was aged around 50, character in its true light and my mind trust that ere long the remembrance of married to an RIC man and with her own tells me that it is all for the better and that past mortifications will cause me very children grown up. In these the Lord will work everything together little pain. This is a sweet place the circumstances we can question whether for my good. I thought he was to become suburbs of Preston are very beautiful, a Emma was in need of her brother’s a sober man – at least he told me so. It is lovely river flows beside the town. I “maintenance,” or if the concept had a bad beginning he has made to be drunk have taken many pleasant walks along its been just a nicety mentioned between the ever since. They thought that they would grassy banks. Indeed I feel much happier two gentlemen and picked up later by never have him sober when him and I fell than I anticipated. I cannot lay down my John with his usual maladroit manner. out and perhaps they might be sorry pen without tendering my best thanks for Since by then Emma’s incident with the longer than I would. Certainly, Father, if the kind interest you have taken in me, Carloviana 2013-14 1 1 the genealogy & social history of the family of John tyndall and with feelings of genuine gratitude I brother’s very public development of his daughter, Jane Elizabeth (b. 1878) was now subscribe myself.” religious views. The answer to the first not in the48. The family home was in question is most probably his readings Rathellen, Leighlinbridge, Co. Carlow. For the moment, the nature of Emma’s after 1842 and his student days at They were all in farming, literate and troubles in the early 1840s in Slyguff, Marburg, and to the second, that she Church of Ireland. By the Census of 1911 their connection with her going to Pre- probably did, surrounded as she was in the family were not registered there. ston and with her marriage, remain un- later life by Roman Catholics of the rural Caleb is the only Tyndall buried in known. But clearly it was a traumatic Irish variety—the Holmes household Slyguff Cemetery, and there are no Har- experience for her. were all Catholic—which probably was graves there either. something of a challenge for her. There is a long postal silence between Caleb Tyndall had a successor named John and Emma from 1843 to the mid Caleb Tyndall Caleb Wycliffe Tyndall, his parents 1870s, but when correspondence is adding up Protestant significance to his resumed, it does not go to Carlow but to It would appear that the severe name. He died in Carlow in 1947, leaving Gorey. In a letter to Emma dated 1875,43 conservatism of local Carlow Protestants a number of belongings and documents John says: “I hope all continues well at in the second half of the nineteenth from his scientific ancestor to his care- Gorey,” and in 187844; “Greetings to all century had a particular expression in the taker, a Mrs. Breen, currently in the pos- my Gorey friends.” In March 1875,45 choice of forenames for their children, session of Mr John Foley, of commenting on the weather, he wrote; “I making the same name recur many times Bagenalstown Co. Carlow. dare say it is not quite so bitter in Gorey.” through several generations, which It would appear from this evidence that makes genealogical studies a historian’s Concluding remarks al least from March 1875 to September minefield. 1878 Emma lived in Gorey, presumably Having explored the immediate Carlow- because her husband’s R.I.C. unit had The forename Caleb occurred at least based family of John Tyndall, as well as been detailed there. three times in three successive the family’s local circumstances, we find generations of the Tyndalls of Carlow. to our regret that in spite of the 160 years The next batch of letters date from the The first Caleb Tyndall was a brother of passed since the events narrated here, late 1880s and early 1890s. Eve and John (sr) and William, who had been local sensitivities appear to be still alive Creasy’s biography of Tyndall mention a born in the 1790s, and so the three of to some issues regarding the family, letter from him to Emma46 written when them were paternal uncles of John and which should remain veiled. This is John and Louisa had moved to a small Emma. William was a member of the understandable because in trying to do hut in the moors in Hind Head while they Tullow masonic lodge. According to local history, issues of land or religion awaited for the completion of their more local Bagenalstown tradition, when which are very personal cannot be definitive residence bearing that name, Caleb married a Catholic girl from this separated easily from genealogy or describing John’s pleasure in town a certain Miss' Elizabeth Robinson, individual motivation, which are their the location. the marriage being witnessed by a academic counterpart. Roman Catholic priest, the father shut In brief, the correspondence reveals a him out of the family and even refused Revealing the tribal roots of John Tyndall very united family and a caring and him entry to his dying mother. Caleb later is necessary to understand the man who religiously inclined son and brother. In crept up the lane while the funeral of his left such copious legacy of influential this family, living in difficult times mother was taking place and took a texts and correspondence with so many economically and politically, and being photograph of this ceremony.47 He had a public characters of his time. Whether ostracised (boycotted) by the majority son who was the second Caleb in our through their own industry, or some Catholic population, perhaps not without reckoning, who was 64 at the time of the attenuated form of social privilege, the reasonable motive, what was exceptional Census of 1901, indicating his year of rural Irish Protestant tenantry would was John’s successful efforts, and not so birth as 1837. His wife was Mary Anne, appear to have been less abject in their much the relative misfortunes of his who was aged 58 at the time of the poverty than their Catholic counterparts, father and sister. It is these that put Census, thus having been born in 1843. and John Tyndall clearly had that edge, Tyndall’s success in perspective. The Their eldest child was Dorothea Rebecca, which started with an unusually letters and our findings here also confirm who was 24 in 1901, suggesting that this prolonged schooling to which he was that John was a man of stable dispositions second Caleb married probably around very receptive. Already among his male who could maintain steady personal 1876 or 1877, at the age of 40, when friends in Carlow, or later in Kinsale and relationships for decades; about 65 years Mary Anne was 34. We ought to notice Preston, he showed a gift for leadership had elapsed between the first and the last that Caleb’s daughter Dorothea, or Dorah and great capacity for learning, even of the letters to Emma mentioned above. Tyndall should not be confused with when his conditions were poor. They beg the question of the Emma’s daughter, nee Dorah Young, or circumstances in which John lost the Dora Holmes after her marriage to John It would not be fair to compare John to youthful practice of his religious faith, Holmes. Other children living in the Emma in their intellectual capacity or and whether Emma kept hers in working house were Emily Mary (aged 21) and achievements. Even if she had similar order, and if she was influenced by her John William (aged 19). The second opportunities in her education, and Carloviana 2013-14 1 1 the genealogy & social history of the family of John tyndall equally sympathetic teachers, Emma Head House, their (and after his death in cle/27948 (accessed September 19, appears to have been a differently 1893, her own) income was greatly 2013). endowed or a less lucky scholar; she did diminished,54 consisting largely of 6 Herlihy, J. (1994) Index of Royal Irish not persevere with her History,50 or later royalties for his publications, which Constabulary officers and men (1816- with her 51, but from an early time her life dwindled rapidly. 1922). Four Courts Press. was more difficult, as was usually the 7 Eve and Creasey (1945) See Ref 1 case with women, and she found herself Lastly, we could only speculate as to above, p1. tied to the ground in a rural setting, whether the knowledge of the very hum- 8 Norton, D., (2006) Landlords, Tenants, married to a common man and with a ble origins of her husband, and of Famine. University College Dublin child, possibly before the age of twenty, Emma’s alleged mental disturbance, fea- Press, p223. while John had the liberty of roaming tured among the factors that caused 9 Purcell, M. (undated) County Carlow about Europe unattached. When John Louisa to delay the publication of her IGP Website - RootsWeb - Ancestry.com suggested to her, while she was in husband’s never completed volume of 10 Grand Orange Lodge of Ireland (2013) Preston, to learn French, she was “Life and Letters,” especially since her Personal communication. pregnant with her first daughter. own side of the family was among the 11 Norton, D. op. cit. p224. bluest British aristocracy. 12 Dermot Mulligan, Curator, Carlow But there was much in common between County Council Museum, College St, them. Both siblings came from a home Acknowledgements Carlow. where religion was taken seriously, and 13 McMillan N., and Nevin, M. both were deeply religious throughout The authors are grateful to the John Tyn- (1978/79). See Ref 4 above, pp22-24. their life. Their religion did not take the dall Correspondence Project, from the 14 Letter of J. Tyndall to Mrs. Tyndall, form of collective piety. Although both University of Toronto in Canada, for hav- Gorey, September 8, 1863. Part of Mrs. were keen to hear sermons, it was often ing made available transcripts of the John Tyndall's Collected Biographic Papers at to criticise the preacher.52 Their religion – Emma letters. the Royal Institution. Code a 15. Quoted was based on a free, individualistic in ref. 13 above. reading of the Bible, which John was able 1 We include here from Eve, A. S. and to quote in his old age. He followed the Creasey, C. H. (1945) Life and work of 15 We have consulted an online copy, father’s very action-oriented strand of John Tyndall, MacMillan (London) to available for free at http://www.ask- Protestantism, which would make him a Brock, W. S., McMillan, N. D. and aboutireland.ie/griffith-valuation/ fiery apostle of his causes and a fighter Mullen, J. (1979) John Tyndall Natural 16 Friday, James R., McLeod, Roy M. for the rest of his life, an attitude that Philosopher, Royal Dublin Society, as and Shepherd, Philippa 1974. John contrasted with the higher social manners well as penetrating partial studies such as Tyndall, Natural Philosopher 1829-1893. of many of his later colleagues. Emma Barton, R. (1987) John Tyndall Pantheist: Catalogue of correspondence, journals followed with wholehearted conviction A re-reading of the Belfast Address. and collected papers. Mansell (micro- the milder, more pious ways of the Osiris, series 2 1987, 3: 111-134, and fiche edition). henceforth FMS No.) A Quaker in her mother. Religious doctrine Barton, R. (1990) An influential set of copy of this catalogue is available in Car- was for both a lifelong concern, and both chaps: The X Club and Royal Society low County Council Library. were seekers of the truth along their own politics (1865-1880). British Journal for 17 RI MS JT/1/TYP10/3215-16. This and separate paths. the History of Science 23:1 53-81. form of reference to the Royal Institution Manuscripts of John Tyndall, typed Excessive emphasis on the contrast 2 McGing, D. and O’Riordan, E. manuscripts, will henceforth be between the famous man of science and (unpublished). compressed just to the last number. his sister who died alone and a pauper, if 18 3234 (see Ref. 17) it is made with a view to taint John in the 3 This mention occurs in the foreword of 19 3235 (see Ref. 17) discharge of his family duties, would Hector Tyndale (1882). A memoir of Hec- 20 3245 (see Ref. 17) appear to us to be unfair as well. We have tor Tyndale, Philadelphia US, and 21 3254-55 (see Ref. 17) seen that he was assiduous in his probably originated from discussion 22 3292 (see Ref. 17) generosity to Emma until his final days, between Hector and John Tyndall in 23 3293 (see Ref. 17) sending her £60 from Hind Head in 1872. A copy of this book can be found 24 3297 (see Ref. 17) 1891.53 The cheque appears to be in the Library of Carlow County Council. 25 FMS No. 26 dated 10 August 1841.. unsolicited, and John mentions that it 4 McMillan N., and Nevin, M. (1978/79) (See Ref. 16) should reach her before 28 May, John Tyndall (1820-1893). Carloviana 26 FMS No. 25 dated 3 August 1841. suggesting that this was a significant date 2:27, 22-27. (See Ref. 16) for Emma. Besides, there were Emma’s 5 Brock, W. H. John Tyndall (1820-1893) 27 Eve and Creasey (1945) See Ref. 1. daughters and in-laws who were closer to In Oxford Dictionary of National Bi- 28 Church of Ireland CW-CI-MA-1937 her and had their duty of care for her. The ography edited by H. C. G. Matthew and p6, entry 16. Web record; views of Louisa on the matter would Brian Harrison. Oxford: OUP, 2004. On- http://churchrecords.irishgenealogy.ie/ch have to be considered as well, and after line ed., edited by Lawrence Goldman, urchrecords/details/a22d870023639 John’s resignation from the Royal October 2006. 29 Church of Ireland entry number 135 Institution and the completion of Hind http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/arti- record identifier CW-CI-BU-5515. Web Carloviana 2013-14 1 1 the genealogy & social history of the family of John tyndall ewcord http://churchrecords.irishgeneal- Mount Jerome and Glasnevin cemeteries, 46 Eve and Creasey (1945) See Ref. 1, ogy.ie/churchrecords/details/f741060019 as well as all the Quaker burials in Coun- p228 064 ties Dublin and Carlow, and the local 47 Purcell, M. (undated) County Carlow 30 Church of Ireland entry number 44 cemeteries attached to St. George’s IGP Website - RootsWeb - Ancestry.com record identifier CW-CI-MA-2498. Web Church and The Temple, both visible 48 Census of Ireland for 1901 and Church record; http://churchrecords.irishgeneal- from Hardwicke Street. We also scanned of Ireland records as can be seen at ogy.ie/churchrecords/details/e8b55c0024 the death notices of The Irish Times, The http://churchrecords.irishgenealogy.ie/ch 200 Independent and the Journal. We con- urchrecords/search.jsp?diocese= 31 Herlihy, J. (1994) The Royal Irish clude that Emma probably died as a pau- CARLOW+(COI)&parish=WELLS Constabulary. Lists of officers and men, per and was buried in a communal grave. &submit=Sea 1816-1922. Four Courts Press, p194. 36 Eve and Creasey (1945) See Ref. 1, 49 32 Census for Ireland 1901. Available on p271 50 3192 (See Ref. 17) the web. 37 See Carlow R.I.C. records, entry for 51 3295 (See Ref. 17) 33 See volume for Deaths corresponding the date mentioned. 52 FMS letter 29, dated Kinsale 2 to 1904, quarter 3, p323 in the Registry 38 See Ref. 17 September 1841. of Irish Births, Marriages and Deaths, 39 See Ref. 16 53 3321 (See Ref. 17) Irish Life Building, Dublin 1. 40 3192 (See Ref. 17) 54 3321 (See Ref. 17) 34 Thom’s Dublin Directory for 1904 41 3294/2 (See Ref. 17) evaluated the house at £25. It was owned 42 3295 (See Ref. 17) by a Mr. Richard Ellidge. We think the 43 3318 (See Ref. 17) Dated Brieg 24 house still stands, as a disused funeral September 1878 parlour. Already in 1904 most of the 44 3318 (See Ref. 17) Dated London street was developed as tenements. November 1875 35 We have searched the records of 45 3317 (See Ref. 17)

Where are the now?

The railings and gates that once formed the road boundary of the Carlow Poor Law Union Workhouse on the Kilkenny Road on the site now occupied by the Vocational School.

The site was cleared for the construction of the school in the 1960s.

Photo: Courtesy of Joe Rattigan

Carloviana 2013-14 1 1

Carloviana 2013-14