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JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE RESEARCH Journal homepage: www.jakraya.com/journal/jwr

ORIGNAL ARTICLE New Records of from the Shahid Chandra Shekhar Azad Sanctuary (SCSABS) of , ,

Adesh Kumar 1, 2, Rajesh Prakash Chaube 1 and Amita Kanaujia 1, 2*

1Institute for Wildlife Sciences, ONGC Center for Advanced Studies, 2Biodiversity and Wildlife Conservation Lab, Department of Zoology, University of , Lucknow - 226007, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Abstract Indian subcontinent is rich in bird diversity and dwells more than

1200 species of avian fauna in various habitations (Ali and Ripley, 1983). *Corresponding Author: Birds play key roles in pollination and indicator of a healthy ecosystem. Amita Kanaujia Survey of avian fauna has been carried out in Shahid Chandra Shekhar Azad Bird Sanctuary (SCSABS) of Unnao, Uttar Pradesh from December Email: [email protected] 2017-January 2018 and recorded five new species in total. Those were such as Crested Serpent Eagle, Eurasian Marsh Harrier, Blyth’s Reed Warbler; Red breasted Flycatcher and Common Chiffchaff. These species were Received: 19/06/2018 moreover no record or missing undocumented from the Shahid Chandra Accepted: 29/06/2018 Shekhar Azad Bird Sanctuary (SCSABS) of Unnao or may be due to new

range extension of the species owing to climate change. The present

findings were a part of detailed studies of avian fauna and inadvertent records when visited the sanctuary.

Keywords: Range extension, Avian fauna, Ecosystem, Common Chiffchaff, Sanctuary.

1. Introduction previously known as Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary. But The Indian subcontinent is rich in bird diversity this is very little, scanty information about the birds’ and dwells more than 1200 species of avian fauna in status, although certain species have distributed for various habitations (Ali and Ripley, 1983). Birds play long time but no such evidence are documented. key roles in pollination and indicator of a healthy Attention and care were taken in species ecosystem. Birds form an imperative part of attraction identification, supporting each record with thorough since ancient time. Birds have believed extraordinary observations on field characters, including place in Mythology of innumerable cultures. Bird fauna vocalizations. The uncertain annotations were treated requires a precise habitat that fluctuates with the as unconfirmed records. The study specifies that some seasons, the disturbance and destruction of which previously undocumented avian species in SCSABS primes to their extinction (Chauhan et al., 2008). The which were documented for other areas of Uttar ‘Synopsis’ is possibly the first systematic checklist of Pradesh were also have been documented in the present the birds of the Subcontinent, in post-independent study. India, with exhaustive explanations on distribution, status, and arrangements of each taxon at the 2. Materials and Methods subspecies level. The Institute for Wildlife Sciences (IWS) started There was the monumental ten-volume a survey of Shahid Chandra Shekhar Azad Bird Handbook of the birds of India and Pakistan Sanctuary (SCSABS) with Diploma. The survey was (hereinafter, Handbook) (Ali and Ripley, 1968-1974, conducted from December 2017 and January from 1978, 1983a), widely regarded as the ‘Bible’ in Indian 2018, where observations were carried out. The Shahid ornithological literature; also hugely popular in its Chandra Shekhar Azad Bird Sanctuary (SCSABS) is ‘Compact Edition’ (Ali and Ripley, 1983b, 1987). Few located in on the -Lucknow studies such as Kanaujia et al. (2014); Kumar and highway in Uttar Pradesh (Fig 1). Knaujia (2016); Arti Garg (2016); Kumar et al. (2015, It is also known as Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary. 2018) etc. have done few works on the diversity, Survey work was carried out during suitable time in distribution and ecology of birds in Shahid Chandra winter morning (7:00 to 11:00 am, evening: 3:00 to Shekhar Azad Bird Sanctuary (SCSABS) which is 5:30 pm). Observations were made along line transects

Journal of Wildlife Research | April-June, 2018 | Volume 06 | Issue 02 | Pages 17-23 © 2018 Jakraya Kumar et al… New Records of Birds from the Shahid Chandra Shekhar Azad Bird Sanctuary (SCSABS) of Unnao, Uttar Pradesh, India

Fig 1: Map of Study Area. with the aid of 10 × 50 binoculars and Canon EOS 70D basally pale grey, banded terminally black, edged pale SLR camera. A line transect of 1 to 100 m was with very wide subterminal white bar running through prepared and the birds were monitored on both sides of length of entire underwings. Juvenile has blackish ear- the transect by close end transect up to 2 km without coverts, whitish head and underparts, narrower barring stopping. The birds were identified using standard field on tail. guide books of Ali and Ripley (1995); Grimmett et al. Usually seen in Sanctuary or areas (2011); R. Naoroji (2006). perched along the waterbody in sanctuary. The Crested Serpent Eagle fed mostly on , lizards, frogs, 3. Results and Discussion rodents and occasionally birds. Five new significant new records and range Prior to our new sighting from SCSABS, the extensions of species such as Crested Serpent Eagle presence of these species in this sanctuary was Spilornis cheela , Eurasian Marsh Harrier Circus unidentified. These records, therefore, are significant aeruginosus , Blyth’s Reed Warbler Acrocephalus for considerate the distributional pattern of these dumetorum , Red breasted Flycatcher Ficedula parva species. These sighting might represent non-resident and Common Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita were individuals or they might serve as evidence of a noticed during the surveys are reported below. resident population in sanctuary that was previously ignored. The Crested Serpent Eagle Spilornis cheela 3.1 Crested Serpent Eagle: Spilornis Cheela, widespread resident of throughout the Indian Union up Latham to about 2000 m in Himalaya, Bangladesh, Pakistan, The Institute of Wildlife Sciences (IWS), Sri Lanka, Myanmar (Grimmett et al., 2011; S Ali, conducted routine survey of 2002; R Naoroji, 2006), (Meyer de Schauensee, wintering birds of SCSABS. A Crested Serpent Eagle 1984), Nepal (Fleming et al., 1976; Grimmett et al., Spilornis cheela was sighted at Bird Sanctuary on 2000; Inskipp and Inskipp, 1985), Bhutan (Ali et al., December 19, 2017. The raptor was observed in flight 1996; Inskipp et al., 1999; Spierenburg, 2005), and sitting positions (Fig 2). Bangladesh (Halder, 2010; Harvey, 1990; Siddiqui et Adult has crown and elongated fan like crest al., 2008), Sri Lanka (Harrison, 1999; Wait, 1931; feathers of nape, broad white bands across wings and Warakagoda et al., 2012), Myanmar (Lwin and Thwin, tail, white spotting and barring on brown underparts. 2003; Smythies, 1986) and into South-east Asia up to Breast uniform sandy-brown. Flight feathers below the Philippines (King and Dickinson, 1975; Lokagul and Round, 2005; Myers, 2010; Robson (2004, 2008

Journal of Wildlife Research | April-June, 2018 | Volume 06 | Issue 02 | Pages 17-23 © 2018 Jakraya 18 Kumar et al… New Records of Birds from the Shahid Chandra Shekhar Azad Bird Sanctuary (SCSABS) of Unnao, Uttar Pradesh, India

Population trend - stable

Fig 2: Crested Serpent Eagle in flight and catching the prey .

In northern India it is resident in Uttrakahand and Anderton, 2012), (A Verma , 2005; (Grimmett et al., 2011; Rasmussen and Anderton, Narwade and Fartade, 2011). Eastern Marsh Harrier in 2012; Lamba, 1987; Lamba and Bhatnagar, 1977; Telangana, and south-eastern India, we found a handful Sharma et al., 2003), (Waghray et al., of records from , and one from . 2003); (Vasava, 2011). Tim Inskipp has collective several occurrences of the Eastern Marsh Harriers in Odisha (Inskipp , 2015). 3.2 Eurasian Marsh Harrier: Circus Eastern Marsh H arrier was documented for the first Aeruginosus, Linnaeus time in Chennai, Tamil Nadu (Kesavabharathi and Eurasian Marsh Harrier also known as Western Sundaram, 2016). Marsh Harrier. Locally it is called Kutar, Safed sira. It was observed on 23 December 2017 during the survey 3.3 Blyth’s Reed Warbler: Acrocephalus (Fig 3). Male dark brown with pale rufous head with Dumetorum, Blyth black streaking, and has black mantle and median Blyth’s Reed Warbler is passage migrant and coverts with feathers boldly edged with white. Female widespread winter visitor bird, reported commonly on dark chocolate brown with creamy buff cap and buff at bushes in sanctuary area on 23 December 2017 (Fig 4). shoulder and white uppertail coverts , greyish flight It’s hopping and creeping through bushes, its presence feathers, tail with dark barring. Juvenile is rather dark, only by its distinctive call. The birds with olive brown with cream breast-band and pale patch at base of to olive grey upper parts, and uniform wings , has underside of primaries. The raptor feed on reptiles, noticeable warm olive cast to upperparts and edges of water snakes, frogs, fish, rodents, water birds, remiges in fresh plumage . Supercilium is grasshoppers, crickets etc. comparatively distinct and barely apparent behind the Eurasian Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus eye. Legs and feet dark grey in color. Feed mainly on locally it is called Kutar, Safed sira, occurred insects and sometimes on fruits like barriers etc. throughout the Indian subcontinent ( Grimmett et al., Blyth’s Reed Warbler is passage migrant and 2011; R Naoroji, 2006) . The Eastern Marsh Harrier widespread winter visitor bird to India, Sri Lanka and Circus spilonotus is a winter migrant from north - Bangladesh, breeds in Pakistan and north of Quetta eastern Asia to widespread in India; mostly to (Grimmett et al., 2011; S Ali, 2002). Breeding Bundelkhand region (Kumar and Kanaujia, 2016), populations are recognized only in Belarus, Estonia, , , and Arunachal Pradesh (Rasmussen Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Russia and Sweden -

Journal of Wildlife Research | April -June, 2018 | Volume 06 | Issue 02 | Pages 17-23 © 2018 Jakraya 19 Kumar et al… New Records of Birds from the Shahid Chandra Shekhar Azad Bird Sanctuary (SCSABS) of Unnao, Uttar Pradesh, India

Population trend: increasing

Fig 3: Eurasian Marsh Harrier in flight.

Population trend: increasing

Fig 4: Blyth’s Reed Warbler is a passage migrant bird.

(Hagemeier and Blair, 1997; Snow and Perrins, 1998; dumetorum ), were seen in large numbers for a short Mitchell and Young, 1999; Birdlife International , period between the second and third weeks of March in 2000). Blyth’s Reed Warbler ( Acrocephalus Amrutganga Valley, Kedarnath, (Dixit et

Journal of Wildlife Research | April -June, 2018 | Volume 06 | Issue 02 | Pages 17-23 © 2018 Jakraya 20 Kumar et al… New Records of Birds from the Shahid Chandra Shekhar Azad Bird Sanctuary (SCSABS) of Unnao, Uttar Pradesh, India al., 2016), common birds in Jawahar Nagar in January 2018 and after identification it was confirmed Thiruvananthapuram city, (Raju S , 2010), also that the bird was common chiffchaff (Fig 6). It is a in Maharashtra (Kasambe, 2015). migratory passerine bird and regularly bobs tail when feeding. The spring adult of has brown -greyish 3.4 Red Breasted Flycatcher: Ficedula Parva, upperparts with olive green cast rump, wings and tails, Bechstein and a whitish or buffish supercilium. Blackish bill and Red breasted Flycatcher is common winter legs, less prominent supercilium. The newly fledged visitor and observed in open area of sanctuary and trees juvenile is browner than the adult , with yellow-white on 26 December 2017 and 5 January 2018. Bird has underpart. The species is insectivorous feed on insects, white sides to long blackish tail which is frequently flies, eggs and larvae of butterflies and moths . cocked, bill has distinctly paler base. Male has chin, Common Chiffchaff is a migratory passerine throat and breast orange-chestnut. Female and young bird winters in southern and Western , Southern male ashy fulvus with white underparts. White patches Asia and North Africa ( Grimmett et al., 2011). This on basal half of black tail pinp ointing (Fig 5). sighting has occurred in Seistan, Southwestern Red breasted Flycatcher e ats primarily insects Afghanistan (Rasmussen and Anderton, 2012), and other invertebrates, particularly beetles and spiders, Southern Urals (Marova et al., 2017), Finland (Lampila on the other hand also dragonflies and damselflies . Red et al., 2009 ). Common Chiffchaff Phylloscopus breasted Flycatcher is common winter visitor collybita is a common winter migrant to Gujarat throughout India, Andamans, Bangladesh, Pakistan and (Ganpule, 2016), occurred in Maharashtra (Pachpande Sri Lanka, breeds in NW (Grimmett et al., 2011; S Ali, and Pejaver, 2016), Kedarnath, Uttarakhand (Dixit et 2002). During the breeding season, this species mainly al., 2016), Delhi (Prakash and Manasvini , 2013), located in deciduous or mixed forest (Flade , 1997) and Punjabi University Campus, Patiala (Singh , 2016). breed in low densities, in half -hole nest sites (Wesołowski et al., 2002; Mitrus and Socko, 2004), Slovakia (Martin K, 2004), China (LI Hai -tao et al., 2008). The records of presence of the species is also in Bhimbandh Wildlife Sanctuary, (Khan and Pant, 2017), Nagpur (Dapke et al., 2015), IISR Dehradun Population trend: increasing (Anam et al., 2017).

Population trend: increasing

Fig 6: Common Chiffchaff in roosting and flight.

4. Conclusion The present study area needs especial attention for improving and conserving the condition of the sanctuary. Generating awareness about birds and their role in sustaining the balance of the ecosystem needs to Fig 5 : Red breasted Flycatcher is a common winter be emphasized among the local masses which might be visitor to study area. helpful to conservation. The study provides a hope

3.5 Common Chiffchaff: Phylloscopus additional exhaustive studies in the study area will yield more precise information on distribution and Collybita , Vieillot status of birds in Shahid Chan dra Shekhar Azad Bird During the routine survey of SCSABS a very Sanctuary (SCSABS). Some significant records and active little bird observed on 26 December 2017 and 5

Journal of Wildlife Research | April -June, 2018 | Volume 06 | Issue 02 | Pages 17-23 © 2018 Jakraya 21 Kumar et al… New Records of Birds from the Shahid Chandra Shekhar Azad Bird Sanctuary (SCSABS) of Unnao, Uttar Pradesh, India breeding range extensions noticed during the surveys logistic services. Thanks are due to Coordinator, which are adding the bird fauna of the sanctuary. Institute for Wildlife Sciences and Head of Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow for providing Acknowledgement necessary facilities to perform this work. Our sincere We gratefully acknowledge Uttar Pradesh State gratitude to staff of Shahid Chandra Shekhar Azad Bird Forests Department for granting us permission and Sanctuary (SCSABS) for their kind support.

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