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Uttar Pradesh Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Article Talk More Search Wikipedia Uttar Pradesh From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Coordinates: 26.85°N 80.91°E Uttar Pradesh [ˈʊtːәɾ pɾәˈdeːʃ] ( listen)) (English Translation: Northern Main page Uttar Pradesh Contents Province) is a state in northern India. With roughly 200 million State Current events inhabitants, it is the most­populous state in India as well as the most­ Random article populous country subdivision in the world.[12] It was created on 1 April About Wikipedia 1937 as the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh during British rule, and Contact us was renamed Uttar Pradesh in 1950, giving it the acronym UP. The Donate state is divided into 18 divisions and 75 districts, with the capital being Contribute Lucknow. On 9 November 2000, a new state, Uttarakhand, was carved Help from the state's Himalayan hill region. The two major rivers of the state, Community portal the Ganges and Yamuna, join at Triveni Sangam in Allahabad and flow Recent changes further east as Ganges. Other prominent rivers are Gomti and Saryu. Upload file The forest cover in the state is 6.09% of the state's geographical area. Tools The state is bordered by Rajasthan to the west, Haryana, Himachal What links here Pradesh and Delhi to the northwest, Uttarakhand and an international Related changes border with Nepal to the north, Bihar to the east, Madhya Pradesh to the Special pages south, and touches the states of Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh to the Permanent link southeast. It covers 240,928 km2 (93,023 sq mi), equal to 7.34% of the Page information Cite this page total area of India, and is the fourth­largest Indian state by area. Though Wikidata item long known for sugar production, the state's economy is now dominated by the services industry. The service sector comprises travel and Print/export tourism, hotel industry, real estate, insurance and financial Download as PDF consultancies. The economy of Uttar Pradesh is the fifth­largest state Printable version economy in India with ₹17.94 lakh crore (US$250 billion) in gross [8] In other projects domestic product and a per capita NSDP of ₹70,000 (US$980). There [13] Wikimedia Commons is highest unemployment rate in Uttar Pradesh. The state ranks 35th Wikiquote among Indian states in human development index.[10] President's rule Wikivoyage has been imposed in Uttar Pradesh ten times since 1968, for different reasons and for a total of 1,700 days.[14] The state has two international Languages From top, left to right: airports, Chaudhary Charan Singh Airport (Lucknow) and Lal Bahadur Deutsch Taj Mahal, Agra Fort, Fatehpur Sikri, Sarnath, Shastri Airport (Varanasi). Allahabad Junction is the headquarters of the Manikarnika Ghat, New Yamuna Bridge Español Français North Central Railway and Gorakhpur Railway Station serves as the 한국어 headquarters of the North Eastern Railway. The High Court of the state Italiano is located in Allahabad. Русский Inhabitants of the state are called either Awadhi, Bagheli, Bhojpuri, Braji, Tagalog Bundeli, Kannauji, or Rohilkhandi depending upon their region of origin. Tiếng Việt Emblem Hinduism is practised by more than three­fourths of the population, with 中文 Etymology: Uttar (meaning 'north') and Pradesh Islam being the next largest religious group. Hindi is the most widely 106 more (meaning 'province or territory') spoken language and is also the official language of the state, along Edit links with Urdu. Uttar Pradesh was home to most of mainstream political entity that has existed in ancient and medieval India including Maurya Empire, Harsha Empire, Mughal Empire, Delhi Sultanate, Gupta Empire as well as many other empires. At the time of Indian independence movement in the early 20th century, there were three major princely states in Uttar Pradesh­ Ramgadi, Rampur and Benares. The state houses several holy Hindu temples and pilgrimage centres. Uttar Pradesh has three World Heritage sites and ranks first tourist destinations in India. Uttar Pradesh has several historical, natural, and religious tourist destinations, such as Kushinagar, Kanpur, Ayodhya, Vrindavan, Mathura, Varanasi, Allahabad, Lucknow, Jaunpur, Noida, Meerut, Bareilly, Faizabad, Aligarh, Agra, Jhansi, Rampur, Raebareli, Saharanpur, and Gorakhpur. Location of Uttar Pradesh in India Contents [hide] Contents [hide] 1 History 1.1 Prehistory 1.2 Ancient and classical period 1.2.1 Delhi Sultanate 1.3 Medieval and early modern period 1.3.1 British India era 1.3.2 Post­independence 2 Geography 2.1 Climate 3 Flora and fauna Coordinates: 26.85°N 80.91°E 4 Divisions, districts and cities 5 Demographics Country India 6 Government and administration Statehood 24 January 1950[1] 7 Crime Capital Lucknow 8 Economy Districts 75[2][3] 9 Transportation Government 10 Sports • Body Government of Uttar Pradesh 11 Education • Governor Anandiben Patel[4][5] 12 Tourism • Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath (BJP) 13 Healthcare • Deputy Chief Keshav Prasad Maurya Ministers (BJP) 14 Culture Dinesh Sharma (BJP) 14.1 Language and literature • Legislature Bicameral 14.2 Music and dance Council (100 seats) 14.3 Fairs and festivals Assembly (403 seats) 14.4 Cuisine • Parliamentary Rajya Sabha (31 seats) 14.5 Dress constituency Lok Sabha (80 seats) 15 Media Area • Total 2 16 See also 240,928 km (93,023 sq mi) 17 References Area rank 4th 18 External links Population (2011)[6][7] 18.1 Government • Total 199,812,341 18.2 General information • Rank 1st • Density 830/km2 (2,100/sq mi) Demonym(s) Uttar Pradeshi History GDP (2019–20)[8] Main article: History of Uttar Pradesh • Total ₹17.94 lakh crore (US$250 billion) • Per capita ₹70,418 (US$990) Prehistory Languages[9] Modern human hunter­gatherers have been in Uttar Pradesh[15][16][17] • Official Hindi since between around[18] 85,000 and 72,000 years ago. There have • Additional official Urdu also been prehistorical finds in Uttar Pradesh from the Middle and Upper Time zone UTC+05:30 (IST) Paleolithic dated to 21,000–31,000 years old[19] and UN/LOCODE IN­UP Vehicle registration UP XX—XXXX Mesolithic/Microlithic hunter­gatherer settlement, near Pratapgarh, from HDI (2018) [10] around 10550–9550 BC. Villages with domesticated cattle, sheep, and 0.596 Medium ꞏ 35th goats and evidence of agriculture began as early as 6000 BC, and Literacy (2011) 67.68%[11] gradually developed between c. 4000 and 1500 BC beginning with the Sex ratio (2011) 912 ♀/1000 ♂[11] Indus Valley Civilisation and Harappa Culture to the Vedic period and Website up.gov.in [20][21][22] extending into the Iron Age. Symbols of Uttar Pradesh Emblem Emblem of Uttar Pradesh Ancient and classical period Out of the sixteen Mammal Barasingha (Rucervus mahajanapadas (lit. duvaucelii) 'great realms') or Bird Sarus crane oligarchic republics that existed in ancient India, seven fell Flower Palash (Butea monosperma) entirely within the present­day Tree Ashoka (Saraca asoca) boundaries of Uttar Pradesh.[23] The Pradesh.[23] The kingdom of Kosala, in the Mahajanapada era, was also located within the regional boundaries of modern­day Uttar Pradesh.[24] According to the Hindu legend, the divine king Rama of the Ramayana epic reigned in Ayodhya, the capital of Kosala.[25] Krishna, another divine king of Hindu legend, who plays a key role in the Mahabharata epic and is revered as the eighth reincarnation (Avatar) of the Hindu god Vishnu, is said to have been born in the city of Mathura, in Uttar Pradesh.[24] The aftermath of the Mahabharata yuddh is believed to have taken place in the area between the Upper Doab and Delhi, (in what was The Dhamekh Stupa in Sarnath is where Gautama Kuru Mahajanapada), during the reign of the Pandava king Buddha first taught the Dharma, and where the Buddhist Sangha came into existence through the Yudhishthira. The kingdom of the Kurus corresponds to the Black and enlightenment of Kondanna. Red Ware and Painted Gray Ware culture and the beginning of the Iron Age in northwest India, around 1000 BC.[24] Control over Gangetic plains region was of vital importance to the power and stability of all of India's major empires, including the Maurya (320–200 BC), Kushan (AD 100–250), Gupta (350–600), and Gurjara­Pratihara (650–1036) empires.[26] Following the Huns' invasions that broke the Gupta empire, the Ganges­Yamuna Doab saw the rise of Kannauj.[27] During the reign of Harshavardhana (590–647), the Kannauj empire reached its zenith.[27] It spanned from Punjab in the north and Gujarat in the west to Bengal in the east and Odisha in the south.[24] It included parts of central India, north of the Narmada River and it encompassed the entire Indo­Gangetic plain.[28] Many communities in various parts of India claim descent from the migrants of Kannauj.[29] Soon after Harshavardhana's death, his empire disintegrated into many kingdoms, which were invaded and ruled by the Gurjara­Pratihara empire, which challenged Bengal's Pala Empire for control of the region.[28] Kannauj was several times invaded by the south Indian Rashtrakuta Dynasty, from the 8th century to the 10th century.[30][31] After fall of Pala empire, the Chero dynasty ruled from 12th century to 18th century.[32] Delhi Sultanate Parts or all of Uttar Pradesh were ruled by the Delhi Sultanate for 320 years (1206–1526). Five dynasties ruled over the Delhi Sultanate sequentially: the Mamluk dynasty (1206–90), the Khalji dynasty (1290–1320), the Tughlaq dynasty (1320–1414), the Sayyid dynasty (1414–51), and the Lodi dynasty (1451–1526).[33][34] Medieval and early modern period In the 16th century, Babur, a Timurid descendant of Timur and Genghis Khan from Fergana Valley (modern­day Uzbekistan), swept across the Khyber Pass and founded the Mughal Empire, covering India, along with modern­day Afghanistan, Pakistan and Bangladesh.[35] The Mughals were descended from Persianised Central Asian Turks (with significant Mongol admixture).
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