Tourism Department VARANASI CENTRE In Partial fulfillment of the Requirement for the award of “Bachelor Degree in Tourism 2011-012 Submitted To :- Submitted By :- A.K Singh Nilesh Kumar Chaurasia Project executed at At Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh Under the guidance of DR. AK. Singh Indira Gandhi National Open University ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all I would thank to Almighty God and my parents for their precious support and help towards this project. I deem it a privilege and pleasure in submitting this project “” in Indore. It was indeed a great feeling to do my project ,and I would like to specially thank my Project Guide Dr.A.K.SINGH for guiding me at every step and making this project a learning opportunity. I would also like to let others know my sense of indebtedness towards ………. for giving me an opportunity to undertake this project DECLARATION I hereby declare that this project entitled –“” in Varanasi, Submitted to Indira Gandhi National Open University in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the award of the degree Bachelor in Tourism is a record of original research work done by me under the supervision and guidance of Professor A.K.SINGH faculty Guide, It is also hereby stated that this has not formed the basis of or the award of any degree or any fellowship or any other similar title to any scholar in any university. Date:- FEB/ 23/2011 Place:- Varanasi Name:- Nilesh Kumar Chaurasia CONTENT List of Content Page No Introduction 6 Resources Of Marketing In Varanasi 7 Study Of Title 18 CHAPTER –I :- Problem Formulation 19 i) Title Of The Study 20 ii) Background Of The Study 20 iii) Statement Of The Problem 22 iv) Limitation Of The Study 22 CHAPTER – II :- Research Methodology 23 i) Objectives Of The Study 24 ii) Scope Of The Study 24 iii) Research Design 24 iv) Tools of Data Collection 25 v) Methods Of Data Collection 25 CHAPTER – III :- Presentation And Analysis Of Data 26 CHAPTER – IV :- Interpretation And Recommendations 37 CHAPTER – V :- Conclusion 39 Bibliography 41 Annexure 42 INTRODUCTION Varanasi also commonly known as Benares or Banaras and Kashi , is a city situated on the banks of the River Ganges in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, 320 kilometres (199 mi) southeast of state capital Lucknow. It is regarded as a holy city by Buddhists and Jains, and is the holiest place in the world in Hinduism (and center of the Earth in Hindu cosmology). It is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world and probably the oldest in India The Kashi Naresh (Maharaja of Kashi) is the chief cultural patron of Varanasi and an essential part of all religious celebrations.[5] The culture of Varanasi is closely associated with the River Ganges and the river's religious importance. The city has been a cultural and religious centre in North India for several thousand years. The Benares Gharana form of Indian classical musicdeveloped in Varanasi, and many prominent Indian philosophers, poets, writers, and musicians resided or reside in Varanasi, including Kabir, Ravidas Their Guru SwamiRamanand, Trailanga Swami, Munshi Premchand, Jaishankar Prasad, Acharya Shukla, Ravi Shankar, Girija Devi, Hariprasad Chaurasia, and Bismillah Khan. Tulsidas wroteRamacharitamanas here, and Gautama Buddha gave his first sermon at Sarnath located near Varanasi (Kashi). Varanasi is home to four universities: Banaras Hindu University, Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapeeth, Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies and Sampurnanand Sanskrit University. Residents mainly speak Hindi and Kashika Bhojpuri, which is closely related to the Hindi language. People often refer to Varanasi as "the city of temples", "the holy city of India", "the religious capital of India", "the city of lights", and "the city of learning." Resources OF Marketing In Varanasi Probably due to its unique culture, Varanasi is a major tourist destination for foreign tourists in India. A number of 3, 4 and 5 star hotels like Taj Hotel, Radisson hotel, clarks hotel, Ramada hotel, Hindustan International are present in the city, as well as more efficient housing for Western student researchers. All sort of cuisines are available mostly as street food due to rich and hospitable culture of Varanasi. Varanasi is a noted centre for Banarasi silk weaving and brassware. Fine silks and brocaded fabrics, exquisite saris, brassware, jewellery, woodcraft, carpets, wall hangings, lamp shades and masks of Hindu and Buddhist deities are some of Varanasi's shopping attractions. The main shopping areas include the Chowk, Godaulia, Vishwanath Lane, Lahurabir and Thatheri Bazaar.Assi Ghat, a midway point between Godaulia in the heart of downtown and youth culture of Benares Hindu University, is the district where most young, foreign, long-term Sarnath Sarnath (Hindi: सरनथ) or Sārnātha (also Mrigadava, Migadāya, Rishipattana,Isipatana) is the deer park where Gautama Buddha first taught the Dharma, and where the Buddhist Sangha came into existence through the enlightenment of Kondanna. Sarnath is located 13 kilometres north-east of Varanasi, in Uttar Pradesh, India. Singhpur, a village one km away from the site, was the birth place of Shreyansanath, the eleventh Jain Tirthankar of the present age (Avasarpini), and a temple dedicated to him, is an important Jain pilgrimage. Isipatana is mentioned by the Buddha as one of the four places of pilgrimage which his devout followers should visit, if they wanted to visit a place for that reason.[1] Holy City Varanasi is one of the holiest cities and targets of pilgrimage for Hindus. As the place whereSiddhārtha Gautama gave his first sermon to his disciples, Varanasi is the city where Buddhism was founded. It is the birthplace of Suparshvanath, Shreyansanath, and Parshva, who are respectively the seventh, eleventh, and twenty-third Jain Tirthankars and as such Varanasi is a holy city for Jains.Guru Nanak Dev visited Varanasi for Shivratri in 1507 and had an encounter which with other events forms the basis for the story of the founding of Sikhism. The city has a sizeable native Muslim population, it hosts the Roman Catholic Diocese of Varanasi, and has a significant Jewish expatriatecommunity. Varanasi is home to numerous tribal faiths which are not easily classified and many denominations of the religions which are present. Annie Besant worked in Benares to promote theosophy and founded the Central Hindu College which later became a foundation for the creation of Benaras Hindu University as a secular university. As a place of pilgrimage for many faiths Varanasi continually hosts an unusually rich diversity of religious practitioners and teachers who are not resident in the city. Culture Varanasi's "Old City," the quarter near the banks of the Ganges, has crowded narrow winding lanes that are flanked by road-side shops and scores of Hindu temples. As atmospheric as it is confusing, Varanasi's labyrinthine Old City is rich with culture, and a deservedly popular destination for travelers and tourists.[39] The main residential areas of Varanasi (especially for the middle and upper classes) are situated in regions far from the ghats; they are more spacious and less polluted. Art and literature Varanasi has its own culture of fine art and literature. Great Indian writers have lived in this city from Kabir,Ravidas, Tulsidas who wrote much of his Ram Charit Manas here, Kulluka Bhatt who wrote the best known commentary of Manusmṛti here in 15th century[40] and Bharatendu Harishchandra, later writers have beenJaishankar Prasad, Acharya Shukla, Munshi Premchand, Jagannath Prasad Ratnakar, Devaki Nandan Khatri, Hazari Prasad Dwivedi, Tegh Ali, Kshetresa Chandra Chattopadhyaya, Vagish Shastri, Baldev Upadhyaya, Sudama Pandey (Dhoomil) and Vidya Niwas Mishra. Art lovers and historians like Rai Krishnadasa, his son Anand Krishna, musicians like Omkarnath Thakur,[41]Ravi Shankar, Bismillah Khan, Girija Devi, Siddheshwari Devi, Lalmani Misra and his son Gopal Shankar Misra, N. Rajam, Rajbhan Singh, Anokhelal,[42] Samta Prasad,[43] Kanthe Maharaj, M. V. Kalvint, Sitara Devi, Gopi Krishna, Kishan Maharaj, Vikash Maharaj Rajan and Sajan Mishra, Mahadev Mishra, Chhannulal Mishra and numerous others have kept the city alive to the spiritual aspect of fine arts apart from their ability to entertain. Numerous festivals are celebrated that preserve traditional styles of classical and folk culture. All night, open music concerts like ones organised at Sankat Mochan Temple, Hori Kajari and Chaiti Mela, Budwa Mangal, are annual features that draw connoisseurs from all over. Sushruta, the great surgeon and author of Sushruta Samhita, the Sanskrit text of surgery, also lived in Varanasi.[44] Museums Jantar Mantar at Varanasi Jantar Mantar is an observatory built by Maharaja Jai Singh, of Jaipur in the year 1737 is situated close to the Dashashwamedh Ghat, overlooking the ghats on the Ganges.[45] Jai Singh was a great admirer of science and technology and he was particularly passionate about astronomy. Before the commencement of construction (of observatories) he sent scholars abroad to study the foreign observatories. The emissaries returned with many manuals on astronomy. The Jantar Mantar at Varanasi was built in line with Delhi, Mathura, Ujjain and Jaipur observatories. The Jantar Mantar was built to measure the local time, the Sun's declination, altitude, the declination of stars, planets and to determine eclipses The Jantar Mantar at Varanasi has several masonry instruments to record the motion, speed and properties of stars and planets and study astronomy that are accurate and can still be used efficiently today. The Jantar Mantar incorporates multiple structures of unique form, each with a specialized function for astronomical measurement. Archaeological museum Archaeological museum, Sarnath is the oldest site museum of Archaeological Survey of India. In order to keep the antiquities found from the site, a decision was taken in 1904 by the Government to construct a site museum adjacent to the excavated site at Sarnath.