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Ramsar Convention www.iastoppers.com 4th Feb 2021 Current Affairs Analysis By IASToppers' Editorial Team | 2021-02-04 17:00:00 Government Schemes & Initiatives Jal Shakti Ministry launches portal on Gobardhan scheme The Ministry of Jal Shakti recently launched a unified portal on the 'Gobardhan' scheme. The portal will ensure transparency and social accountability. About GOBAR-DHAN scheme: The GOBAR (Galvanizing Organic Bio-Agro Resources) - DHAN scheme was launched by Ministry of Drinking Water & Sanitation. It is being implemented as priority programme under the Swachch Bharat Mission Grameen- Phase 2. It is the important element of stage of Open Defecation Free (ODF)-plus activities which includes measures to enhance Solid and Liquid Waste Management (SLWM). Copyright © 2021 IASToppers. All rights reserved. | Page 1/20 www.iastoppers.com The scheme focuses on keeping villages clean, increasing the income of rural households, and generation of energy from cattle waste. Aim: Positively impact village cleanliness and generate wealth and energy from cattle and organic waste. Support villages in effectively manage their cattle and biodegradable waste. Creating new rural livelihood opportunities and enhancing income for farmers and other rural people. Objectives: Copyright © 2021 IASToppers. All rights reserved. | Page 2/20 www.iastoppers.com Implementation: The programme will be implemented using SLWM funding pattern of SBM-G Guidelines. Funding for SLWM project under SBM (G) is done by the Central and State Government in the ratio of 60:40 as per the existent formula. Gram Panchayats with no SLWM funds under SBM(G) are eligible to receive the financial assistance. States can provide additional funds to any GP based on viability under the scheme. [Ref: Economic Times] Fears over DNA Technology Bill, 2019 The Parliamentary Standing Committee has recommended the government to mitigate the concerns raised over the DNA Technology (Use and Application) Regulation Bill, 2019. Copyright © 2021 IASToppers. All rights reserved. | Page 3/20 www.iastoppers.com Highlights of the Bill: The bill aims to establish a database of certain category of persons such as victims of crimes, missing persons and children, unidentified bodies, as well as offenders, suspects and undertrials in cases. Such a data base, would help trace repeat offenders of heinous crimes such as rape and murder through DNA profiling. The bill seeks to establish a National DNA Data Bank and Regional DNA Data banks to store and maintain the DNA profiles, to use and access to information, its retention and expunction. The bill proposes for a DNA Regulatory Board that would advise the Centre and state governments on issues such as setting up of DNA laboratories and databanks. Laying down of guidelines, standards and procedures for the same. It seeks to address concerns related to quality, accuracy, security of data and other related matters that may arise in the use of DNA technology. Concerns over bill by the Parliamentary panel: Cautions the risk with a national databank, that a crime scene could also hold DNA of someone who was nowhere near it at the time. An enabling ecosystem must be created soon to ensure that DNA profiling is done in a consistent manner with spirit of various Supreme Court judgments and with the Constitution. It does not negate the need for a legislation, especially when DNA technology is already in use. The bill could be misused to target segments of society based on religion, caste or political views. The Bill could prove problematic particularly for marginalised communities, including Dalits, Adivasis and religious and gender minorities. The bodily material like hair may have been transported to the crime scene inadvertently by a variety of ways and that these DNA profiles could find their way into the ‘crime scene index’. The Bill would lead to violations of the right to privacy. If there is a conviction, only the DNA profile of the convict could be included in the data bank. The Department of Biotechnology has argued that nearly 60 countries have enacted similar legislation, and that all important matters related to privacy, confidentiality and data protection have been taken into account. [Ref: The Indian Express] Copyright © 2021 IASToppers. All rights reserved. | Page 4/20 www.iastoppers.com Issues related to Health & Education More than 39 billion school meals missed during COVID-19 pandemic: UN report Recently, UNICEF Office of Research and the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) has published a new report, titled “COVID-19: Missing More Than a Classroom”. The UN WEP has been supporting governments to adapt their school meals programs during school closures. Key Findings of the Report More than 39 billion in-school meals were missed globally due to school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic. About 24 million schoolchildren are at a risk of dropping out of school due to the pandemic, which would reverse global progress made on school enrollment. The coverage of essential nutrition services such as feeding in schools, supplementing micronutrients, promoting nutrition, etc. dropped overall 30% in low- and middle-income countries. Copyright © 2021 IASToppers. All rights reserved. | Page 5/20 www.iastoppers.com The largest number of beneficiaries (in million) of school-feeding programmes are in- 1. India (~100) 2. Brazil (48) 3. China (44) 4. South Africa (9) 5. Nigeria (9) Importance of schools Schools play an important role in the direct provision of health and nutrition services in the first 8,000 days of a child’s life that are critical for their development. The loss of education caused by school closures can impact the health and nutrition of children in the long term. Evidence from India and Ghana show that food insecurity during childhood reduced reading and numeracy scores as well as short-term memory. Way Forward Identify and reach out to vulnerable children in the first 8,000 days who are at greatest risk of deteriorating nutrition outcomes due to suspension of school feeding programmes. Household assessment and data collection at the household level is a necessary first step to minimizing these effects through interventions with school-aged children. Prioritize reopening schools and take all possible measures to reopen safely as school-based targeting and delivery of nutrition are more cost effective and substantial benefits in education and health outcomes. Adapt traditional school feeding programmes as take-home rations or cash transfers when schools are closed, so that the children who need it most continue to receive this vital source of support and food. Leverage the power of school feeding programmes to encourage children, especially girls and the vulnerable, to return to school post-crisis. The school feeding programmes can increase enrolment and attendance. Countries can redesign the existing programme with the quality of diets and food-fortification options post COVID-19 crisis. [Ref- Down To Earth] Economy Western Railway revokes decision to scrap its Vaghai-Billimora heritage train services Local people and the regional leaders had made representations to the Western Railway authorities urging them not to permanently close the heritage train service. Copyright © 2021 IASToppers. All rights reserved. | Page 6/20 www.iastoppers.com Background: On December 2020, the executive director (Freight marketing) of the Ministry of Railways issued a letter to the General Manager of Western Railways, ordering permanent closure of 11 “uneconomic branch lines and narrow-gauge sections” of the Western Railways which had given the proposal of its closure. Why is Billimora-Waghai line being scrapped? The train service is now being used by the tribal people predominantly. They carry their vegetables to sell at Billimora. The train made only two trips a day. Also, the arrival and departure timings of the train was not certain. This is because the tickets were sold by the guard who cleared the train only after selling all the tickets. For these economic reasons, the route is being scrapped. About Billimora-Waghai train: The line was started by the Gaekwad Dynasty which ruled the Princely State of Baroda in 1913. It was laid by the British and operated by Gaekwad Baroda State Railway (GBSR) owned by Sayajirao Gaekwad III. It was used to transport precious sag wood from forests. The train connects Billimora in Navsari district with Waghai in Dang district The 63-km Billimora-Waghai and the 19-km Choranda-Moti Karal routes are among those five routes the Indian Railways had proposed to be preserved as “industrial heritage” in 2018. For about 24 years the train was run by a steam engine, which was replaced by diesel engine in 1937. After independence, GBSR merged with the Western Railways. [Ref: The Indian Express] Copyright © 2021 IASToppers. All rights reserved. | Page 7/20 www.iastoppers.com Ensure strict implementation of TRAI regulations: HC The Delhi High Court ordered the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) to ensure “complete and strict” implementation of the regulation issued by it in 2018 for curbing unsolicited commercial communications (UCC). About Telecom Commercial Communications Customer Preferences Regulations (TCCCPR), 2018 TCCCPR 2018 was notified by TRAI to curb the problem of Unsolicited Commercial Communication (UCC) or spam calls and messages. It says that the companies will have to register themselves for commercial SMS and calls. This will help the regulator to regulate the fraud companies. Copyright © 2021 IASToppers. All rights reserved. | Page 8/20 www.iastoppers.com Key Features 1. Adoption of Distributed Ledger Technology (or blockchain) as the RegTech to ensure regulatory compliance while allowing innovation in the market. 2. Co-regulation where Telecom Service Providers/ Access Providers establish and arrange the framework, which is legally backed by regulation. 3. Enabling compliance through innovation in technology solutions that are demonstrated in a regulatory sandbox. 4. Enhanced controls and new options for all entities to perform their functions and to carry on their businesses efficiently.
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