CO

A PLANT TAXONOMIC SURVEY OF THE URANIUM CITY REGION,

LAKE ATHABASCA NORTH SHORE,

EMPHASIZING THE NATURALLY COLONIZING PLANTS

ON URANIUM MINE AND MILL WASTES AND OTHER

HUMAN-DISTURBED SITES

Vernon L. Harms Department of Biology and The W. P. Fraser Herbarium Department of Plant Ecology University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan

A report submitted to the Saskatchewan Department of Environment in fulfillment of Contract 50(81-82) between the latter and the University of Saskatchewan.

March 1982 (Final Rev., July 1982) TWPFH Report Mo. 32-1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This study was supported by the Mine Waste Research Secretariat,

Saskatchewan Department of Environment. Of the latter department, the aid and cooperation of Mr. Hart Horn-Johnson, Resource Management Consultant, is especially acknowledged. Grateful acknowledgement is also given to the Saskatchewan Research Council, in particular, Dr. W. W. Sawchin and Judy Haraldson, and to personnel of the Machibroda Engineering Ltd. at Uranium City, for their valuable cooperation in the field. Thanks are due to Mr. Andrew Frame, Frame Ltd., for access to the privately owned, former, Cenex Mine area. The cryptogam collections (lichens and bryophytes) were identified by Dr. Dale Vitt, Botany Department, University of Alberta. Specimens of Che genera Carex, Eriophorum and Juncus were determined by John H. Hudson, Research Associate of The W. P. Fraser Herbarium, who also aided in the verification of various other specimens. Collections of Salix are being verified by Dr. 6. W. Argus, National Museum of Natural Science, Ottawa. Thanks are due to Mr. Robert W. Wright for his aid in plant identifications, especially of the grass collections. The field and laboratory assistance of Herbarium Technician, Patricia Sky, is gratefully acknowledged, as well as the various useful contributions of Che following research assistants: Janet MacLeod, Mary Loewen, Bevarley Davies and Linda Dawley. ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i TABLE OF CONTENTS ii LIST OF TABLES iii

L.O INTRODUCTION 1 2.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY REGION 2 3.0 PREVIOUS STUDIES 3 4.0 METHODS 4 5.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 12 5.1 The Vegetation 12 5.2 The Flora 13 5.2.1 Summary 13 5.2.2 Rare Species Recorded in Study Region .... 13 5.2.3 Annotated Checklist . • 16 5.3 Naturally Revegetating -Plants on Human-Disturbed Sites 17 5.3.1 Annotated Checklist 17 5.3.2 General Comments on Plant Succession after Disturbances 17 5.3.3 Natural Revegetatrion on Abandoned Uranium Mill Tailings 18 5.3.3.1 Gunnar Uranium Mill Tailings ... 18 5.3.3.2 Lorado Uranium Mill Tailings ... 19 5.3.4 Natural Revegetation on Uranium Mine Wastes . 19 5.3.4.1 Gunnar Uranium Mine Hastes .... 19 5.3.4.2 Lorado Uranium Mine Hastes .... 26 5.3.4.3 Cenex Uranium Mine Hastes .... 26 5.3.4.4 Cayzor-Athabasca Mine Hastes ... 26 5.3.5 Natural Revegetation on Disturbed Sites of Abandoned Uranium Mine and Mill Operations, and on Other Disturbance Sites 26

6.0 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH 28 7.0 LITERATURE CITED 31

APPENDIX A - ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF THE URANIUM CITY REGION 34 APPENDIX B - REFERENCE INDEX OF PLANT TAXA, WITH INDICATIONS OF NATURALLY COLONIZING PLANTS ON URANIUM MILL TAILINGS, MINE WASTES, AND OTHER HUMAN DISTGR3ED SITES 12fc iii LIST OF TABLES Page Table 1. Scale Used for Estimations of Species Frequency- Abundance and Degree of Cover of Dominant Tree Species 9 Table 2. Physiognomic (Life-form) Classification Categories. 10 Table 3. Forest Classification Categories Based on Moisture Regime 11 Table 4. Abbreviations Used for Forest Tree and Tall Shrub Dominants 11 Table 5. Rare Vascular Plants Recorded from the Lake Athabasca North Shore Study Region 14,15 Table 6. Plants Naturally Colonizing on the Gunnar Uranium Mill Tailings 20,21,22 Table 7. Plants Naturally Colonizing on the Lorado Uranium Mill Tailings at Nero Lake 23,24 Table 3. Plants Naturally Colonizing on the Gunnar Uranium Mine Wastes 25 Table 9. Plants Naturally Colonizing on the Lorado Uranium Mines Wastes 25 Table 10. Plants Naturally Colonizing on the Cenex Uranium Mine Wastes at Cinch Lake 27 Table 11. Plants Naturally Colonizing on the Cayzor- Athabasca Uranium Mine Wastes at Jean Lake ... 27

LIST OF MAPS Map 1. The general Uranium City study region, Lake Athabasca North Shore 5 Map 2. The Gunnar Uranium Mine, Mill and Tailings Areas. . • 6 -1-

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The present report results from work undertaken under a Saskatchewan

Department of Environment contract with the University of Saskatchewan and within the context of the principal investigator's long-term research

studies on the flora of Saskatchewan.

A major objective of the present study was to acquire better and

more complete baseline data on the existing flora of the Uranium City

region, both of natural and human-disturbed sites. An attempt was made to

obtain as thorough a floristic inventory of this region as permitted by

the time constraints in the field. Within the scope of this broader

study, particular emphasis was givan to determining which plant species

were naturally revegetating various (1) abandoned uranium nine and mill

waste disposal areas, (2) other human-disturbed sites (townsites, road-

sides, borrow-pits, etc.), and, to the extent possible, (3) ecologically

analagous sites to the foregoing in the region. Acceptable floristic

reports should be substantiated by voucher specimens permanently filed in a

recognized herbarium; such documentation was an important goal of this

study. Another goal of the present floristic investigation was to better

identify the occurrence and distribution in the overall study region of the

rarer and possibly endangered species. The status of putatively rare

species in Saskatchewan is under constant revision as more information on

their distribution and abundance is obtained. The accumulation of

additional distributional knowledge, as given by the present survey, will

help to better clarify the rarity status of these taxa. -2- A further major objective of the present study was to suggest those regionally occurring plant species with potential value for effecting revegetation of uranium mine and mill waste sites. A basic premise in thepreparation of such a list was the assumption that those regionally adapted plants, which are already naturally beginning to revegetate uranium mine and mill wastes and other human-disturbed areas, logically represent prime candidates for possible, future, purposeful, effective, revegetation programs for such sites.

2.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY REGION The Uranium City study region (see Map 1), on the Lake Athabasca North Shore, is located within the Rock Knob Complex of the Canadian Shield Physiographic Province of Saskatchewan (Richards 1969). The region is characterized by glacier-scoured hills with Precambrian granitic or gneissic bedrock exposures and often organic wetlands or riparian/lacustrine deposits in depressions between. Soil texture is predominantly that of sandy loams in well-drained upland areas and fibrosolic (organic) in most poorly drained wetlands (Moss and Clayton 1969). The study area lies within the Northwestern Transition Section of the Canadian Boreal Forest Region (Rowe 1977). The southern part of this forest section, where Uranium City is located, is reportedly characterized by areas of bog, muskeg and barren rock intermixed with open coniferous forest stands, mostly of black spruce and jackpine (on outcrops), with frequent ground-cover patches of light-colored lichens. -3- 3.0 PREVIOUS STUDIES Both Che flora and vegetation of the northern coniferous forest region of Saskatchewan still remain inadequately inventoried, with many gaps in our knowledge, despite previous botanical investigations (e.g. Raup 1936 and 1946; Scotter 1961; Argus 1964, 1966 and 1968; Harms 1974, 1977 and 1978a; Heilman-Ternier and Harms 1975; Harms et_ al. 1979; Abouguendia ££ al• 1979 and 1980). Recent Environmental Impact Assessment Reports for northern Saskatchewan areas have too often tended to lack scientific credibility as authentic floristic inventories because of obvious incompleteness, apparent taxonomic errors, and/or lack, of permanently filed voucher collections to substantiate the reports. But there are notable exceptions that have represented significant contribu- tions toward a better knowledge of the Saskatchewan flora.

The only previously published floristic studies that directly . included the Lake Athabasca North Shore region were those by Raup (1936 and 1946), which together represented an early, extensive, classic and valuable contribution to knowledge of the Saskatchewan flora. A total of 235 vascular plant species ware listed by Raup from Lake Athabasca North Shore sites within 50 km of Uranium City. Other floristic studies that, by their proximity and latitude, probably are the most relevant to the present study area, were those by Scotter (1961) in the Black Lake area, Argus (1964 and 1968) at Carswell Lake and the south shore of Lake Athabasca, Harms (1978a) in the Cluff Lake area, Jasieniuk and Johnson (1979) in the Caribou Range region of southeastern Mackenzie District, NWT, and Abouguendia et al. (1980) in the Lake Athabasca South Shore dune region. -4- 4.0 METHODS Field invescigationa were carried out in che Uranium City study region during August, 1981. These involved two expeditions by the principal investigator - the first from August 4 to 14 (accompanied by field assistant, Patricia Sky, and with the help of Saskatchewan Research Council Technician, Judy Haraldson, on August 7) and the second from August 19 to 24. Various natural and disturbed plant community types in Che region were observed, described and their flora sampled . Particular attention was focused on the naturally recolonizing plants on abandoned sites of former uranium mine and mill operations and cheir waste disposal areas. The following such disturbed sites (see Map 1) were visiced and their present floristic composition recorded: (1) the Lorado Uranium Mill tailings area and formerly disturbed area of mill buildings and opera- tions, at Che west end of Nero Lake, (2) che Lorado Mine rock-waste piles and disturbed area of former mining operations, south of Hanson Bay of Beaver Lodge Lake, (3) the Lorado Mine dormitories area, about 1/2 km SSW of the latter, (4) the Cenex Uranium Mine rock and gravel waste piles and the general disturbed area of mine buildings and activities just south of Cinch Lake, (5) the Cayzor-Athabasca Uranium Mine rock and gravel waste piles ind other general disturbed areas of mine buildings and activities, on the east side of Jean Lake, 2 km west of Uranium City, and (6) the Gunnar Uranium Mine and Mill buildings and activity area, old town site, mine waste piles and mill tailings areas (the latter including "Gunnar Main", "Central" and "Langley Bay" callings porcions) (see Map 2). Particular efforts were made co note, record, estimate frequency-abundance, and collect samples of all plant species presently recolonizing these The general Uranium City s-cudy region, Lake Atha.hacasci a llcvzh Sfccrs. -c- Langlay Bay

Langley Bay- Tailings Area

500

Gunnar Tailings ^Xt\ Area

Scale: 9.2 100 o

St. Vlarv'3 Channel 59° 23' MAP 2. The Gunnar uranium Mine, Mill, and Tailings Araas 'The tailir.ss areas r.odified frcs £alin, 193. -7-

various abandoned disturbed sites. Secondly, to the extant that field time was available, the flora of the natural communities surrounding these

human- disturbed sites was recorded and sampled. Other human-disturbed

areas sampled included the Uranium City townsite and roadside clearings and

gravel borrow-pits along the Uranium City-Lorado-Lodge Bay Road, the

Lorado-Milliken Lake. Road and, the Uranium City-Bushell Road.

The plant communities recognized as the habitat types in this study

were subjectively distinguished. Frequency-abundance estimates for plant

species at each of the sampling sites were based on average distances

between individuals following a system described by Acocks (1953). Forest

cover percentages of dominant tree species were estimated by using the

scale from Braun-Blanquet (1932). These "estimation scales" and their

symbols are outlined in Table 1. The physiognomic (life-form)

classification categories used for the plant species in this study, are

defined in Table 2. Forest types were roughly classified according to

their moisture regimes, as outlined in Table 3, as well as by their

dominant species composition. The abbreviations used to refer to dominant

tree and tall shrub species are listed in Table 4. The foregoing

classification systems and abbreviations indicated are used in the

subsequent tables and appendices of this report.

The primary objective of this research project has been to inventory

the flora (i.e. total plant species presence) of the Urnanium City region

rather Chan to fully describe the vegetation types (i.e. plant

communities) in terms of their structure and composition. Plant commu-

nities were recognized and referred to in this study only to the extent

necessary for indicating habitats of individual species in the Annotated -8-

Checklist. But individual descriptions of these plant community types in either paragraph or tabular form are not presented in this report because the sampling was believed too uneven and deficient to represent an adequate vegetational study.

Voucher specimens were collected for the plant species recorded at each sampling site. These were subsequently identified or verified in the laboratory. The collections were then processed for deposition in

The W. P. Fraser Herbarium, University of Saskatchewan, as permanent records to properly document and validate the floristic inventory. -9--

Table 1. Scale Used for Estimation of Species Frequency-Abundance, Related to Average Distances Between Plants (Modified from Acocks, 1953).

Abbrev. Frequency-Abundance Distance Apart (X10 for trees and Call shrubs)

d dominant va very abundant 10 cm a abundant 15 cm c common 30 cm fc fairly common 50 cm f frequent 1 a ff fairly frequent 5 a

0 occasional 10 a vo very occasional 30 a r rare 60 a VT very rare 150 a 1 local (used ore to indicate local abundance)

Scale Used for Estimation of the Degree of Cover of Dominant Tree Species in Forests (from Braun-Blanquet, 1932) .

Scale Cover of Area Scale Cover % of Area *

5 over 75 2 5-24 '4 50 - 75 1 < 5 3 25 - 49 + sparse ; small cover -10-

Table 2. Physiognomic (Life-form) Classification Categories

Terrestrial and Wetlands Life-Forms

1. Trees ------woody plants over 5 m tall, mostly single-trunked

2. Tall Shrubs ------woody plants 1.5-5 m tall, usually multi-trunked

3. Medium Shrubs - - - - woody plants 1-15 dm tall, usually multi-trunked

4. Low Shrubs ----- low, woody prostrate or trailing plants less

than 1 dm tall

5. Evergreen '..rbs - - - plants non-woody in texture, but evergreen leaves

6. Forbs ------.on-graminoid (broad-leaved) herbaceous vascular plants with deciduous leaves 7. Graminoids ----- grass-like herbaceous vascular plants (grasses, sedges, rushes)

8. Bryoids ------bryophytes (mosses and liverworts); (low-growing green nonvascular plants)

9. Lichens ------algal/fungal symbionts combining to form charac- teristic small but macroscopic plant bodies

Aquatic Life-Forms

1. Emergent Forbs - - - forbs growing in water with their upp.er leaves and stem portions extending above water level

2. Emergent Graminoids - graminoids growing with their bases under water and upper culms and leaves extending above water leveJ

3. Floating-leaved Herbs herbaceous largely submerged plants (both forbs and gT.jninoids) with floating leaves and only the flowers above water

4. Submerged Herbs - - - herbaceous plants growing entirely under water, except often for the flowers (including both forbs and graminoids)

5. Submerged 3ottom Herbs small, entirely underwater, herbaceous plants deeply submerged on lake, pond or stream bottoms -11-

Table 3. Forest Classification Categories Based on Moisture Regime

1. Very Dry and - - - xerophytic species on excessively drained Dry Forest - soils (v-dry; dry)

2. Fresh Forest ----- xeromesophytic species on well-drained soils (fr)

3. Mesic Forest ----- mesophytic species on moderately drained soils (mos) k. Moist Forest ----- mesophytic to mesohydrophytic species on imperfectly drained soils (moi)

5. Wet Forest ----- mesohydrophytic co hydrophytic species on quite poorly drained soils (wet)

6. Very Wet Forest - - - - hydrophytic species on very poorly drainod soils (v-wet)

Table 4. Abbreviations Used for Forest Tree and Tall Shrub Dominants

Soft woods

jack pine Finus banksiana bS black spruce Picea mariana wS white spruce Picea glauca tL tamarack (larch) Larix laricina

Hardwoods

wB white birch Betula neoalaskana and B. paDvrifera tA trembling aspen PODUIUS tremiloides bP balsam poplar PODUIUS balsamifera rA river alder Alnus rugosa gA green alder Alnus crisoa W willows Salix spp. sB shrub birches 3etula slandulosa and 3. ?landulifera -12-

5.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

5.1 The Vegetation

The distribution of vegetational associations in the Uranium City and

Crackingstone Peninsula region reflects closely the distribution of the

land-forms, except as the former may presently be affected by human

disturbances. The primary terrestrial vegetation types (i.e- plant

community associations) in the study area may be briefly summarized as

follows- The many ridges, mostly wich metamorphic rock-outeroppings,

usually have a relatively thin cover of various upland forest types. Jack

pine woods, often with more or less aspen and some white birch

admixtures, predominate on the ridge summits and the upper, particularly

south- and vest-facing slopes. Aspen woods, with some white birch and

often white spruce, usually predominate on the drier and warmer south-

and west-facing slopes, frequently also with some jack pine. The upper

north- and east-facing slopes usually display open mixed-woods of some

jack pine with white spruce and/or black spruce and considerable white

birch. The lower north- and east-facing slopes and ridge-bases are

generally covered by black spruce woods, often with considerable amounts of

white birch and green alder present. Lowland flats, when they exist, as

. they often do between the ridge bases and wetlands of the valley bottom,

are characterized by black spruce forests, varying from mesic to wet, and

from semi-open to often quite dense in cover. Along streams, and sometimes

lake shores, occur rich, tall, dense, riverine or shore woods dominated by

white birch, black spruce, white spruce, river alder, willows, and

sometimes balsam poplar. Shrubland belts, dominated by alders, willows and

short black spruce, often border wetlands, streams and lake shores. The -13- organic (i.e., peaty) wetlands, often found In the poorly drained valley depressions, vary from the acidic black spruce(-tamarack) treed or open bogs to the sedge-willow fens characterized by more nearly neutral pH levels and somewhat better drainage. 5.2 The Flora 5.2.1 Summary During che 1931 field expeditions, 1412 plant collections were made in the overall study region. A total 271 (346) taxa of Vascular Plants were identified among these collections, including 16 (21) species of Pteridophytes (Ferns and Fern Allies), 6 Coniferous Gynmosperms, and 249 (319) Angiosperms (Flowering Plants). In terms of "life-form" types, these represent 8 species of trees, 12 tall shrubs, 20 (25) medium shrubs, 8 (10). low and ground shrubs, 136 (181) forbs and 67 (85) graminoids. The figures in parentheses above are the' equivalent, statistics if Raup's (1936) additional species reports from the general Uranium City region are totalled with our collection. In addition, 38 lichen taxa and 57 bryophytes were recorded in the study area. Including these, a rotal of 366 (441) planes have been recorded in the study region. 5.2. Rare Species Recorded in Study Region

During this survey, 23 vascular plants were found in che study region which have been designated as rare species for Saskatchewan (Argus and White 1975; Harms 1978b; Maher, et_ al_. 1979). These are listed in Table 5. An additional, 23 species from the Lake Athatasca Nor'ch Shore, not recorded in the present survey, have been listed as rare plants in Saskatchewan, and are also included in Table 5. Many of che latter list are based on early collections by Raup (1936), especially from lake-shore dolomitic, etc., rock-cliffs Chat were not explored during che presenc survey. -14-

Table 5. Rare Vascular Plants from Che Lake Athabasca North Shore Study Region

Species Recorded in the Present Survey

Alnus crispa var. elongata (Long-coned Green Alder) Arctostaphylos rubra (Red Alpine Bearberry) Arenaria macrophylla (Large-leaved Sandwort) Astragalus bodinii (Yukon Milk Vetch)* Calamagrostis lapponica var. nearctica (Lapland Reed Grass)* Galamagrascia purpurascens (Purple Reed Grass) Cerastimn alpinum (Alpine Chickweed)* Carastium beeringianum (Beering's Chickweed) Deschampsia mackenzieana (Mackenzie's Hair-grass)* Gnaphalium uliginosum (Marsh Cudweed) Lycopodium sitchensis (Sitka Ground-Cedar) Poa alpina (Alpine Blue Grass) Potamogeton foliosus (Leafy Pondweed)* Potamogeton pusillus (Small Pondweed) Potentina nivea (Snowy Cinquefoil) Potentilla pensylvanica var. littoralis (Shore Cinquefoil) Puccinellia interior (Interior Sale Grass)** Rhinanthus crista-galli (Yellow Rattle) Sagina nodosa asp. borealis (Knotty Pearlwort) Senecio streptanthifolius (Northern Groundsel) Sparganium hyperboreum (Northern Burreed)** Subularia aquatica ssp. americana (Awlwort) Trisetum spicatum (Spike Trisetum)

* Rare plants newly reported from the Lake Athabasca North Shore. ** New species reports for Saskatchewan.

(Cont'd) -15-

Table 5 (Continued)

Other Species Reported from che General Study Region

Arabis arenicola (Arctic Rock Cress) Arenaria rubella (Boreal Sandwort) Arnica alpina (Arctic Arnica) Arnica lonchophylla (Spear-leaved Arnica) Calypso bulbosa (Venus'-slip per) Carex glacialis (Glacier Sedge) Care* supina spp. spaniocarpa (Weak Arctic Sedge) Draba cana (Hoary Whitlow-grass) Draba cinerea (Ashy Whitlow-grass) Dryas drummondli (Yellow Mountain Avens) Euphesia subarctica (Eyebright) Festuca brachyphylla (Alpine Fescue) Lycopodium selago (Mountain Clubmoss) Pellaea atropurpurea (Purple Cliff-brake) Pinguicula villosa (Hairy Butterwort) Potentina multifida (Cut-leaved Cinquefoil) Primula mistassinica (Bird's-eye Primrose) Pyrola grandiflora (Arctic Wintergreen) Stellaria monantha (One-flowered Chickweed) Taraxacum ceratophorum (Horned Dandelion) Woodsia glabella (Smooth Woodsia) Woodsia oregana (Oregon Woodsia) Woodsia scooulina (Rocky Mountain Woodsia) -16- 5.2.3 Annotated Checklist An "Annotated Checklist of Plant Species Recorded in the Uranium City Region" has been prepared and is presented in Appendix A. This checklist includes all plants collected and identified from the study region during our survey and essentially represents the main results of the study project. Also added to the checklist are the species reported by Raup (1936) from the general study region although some were not collected in the present survey. Those collecting sites of Baup included here as being in the Uranium City region, are Cornwall Bay, Wabba Lake, Charlotte River and Peninsula, Ellis Bay, Camsell Portage and Crackingstone Point. These sites are also included on Map 1. In the Annotated Checklist, the following information has been given when applicable for each taxon of our collections: scientific name, important synonyms, common names, Life-form type (as classified in Table 2), habitats and relative frequency-abundance in each (using the estimation scales and abbreviations indicated in Tables 1, 3 and 4). The additional species reports from Raup (1936) may lack some of the foregoing specific informa- tion and are then cited only by localities and referenced to him. In this checklist, the taxa are arranged alphabetically by their scientific names within each botanical family; and the families are arranged in order of the traditional Englerian Classification System, as used in most herbaria and flora-manuals (e.g. Moss 1959, Scoggan 1957 and 1978-79). To facilitate use of the Annotated Checklists by non-botanists, a reference index is also included (Appendix B) listing all plant species in strictly alphabetical order of their scientific names within each of the major groups of aiacrophytes - lichens, bryophytes, and vascular plants - along vtch the names of their botanical families and the family numbers of this report. -17-

5.3 Naturally Revegetating Plants on Hunan-Disturbed Sices

5.3.1 Annotated Checklist

In addition to presenting the overall floristic inventory of the

Uranium City region with indications of the natural habitats and frequen- cies of plant species, the Annotated Checklist of Appendix A, includes information on those species that were recorded in the study region as naturally colonizing in any human-disturbed areas, including abandoned uranium mill tailings, mine wastes, former mine and mill building and activity sites, town and cabin sites, roadsides, gravel-borrow-pits,

etc. Added to the Reference Index of Appendix B, to also make it a brief

summary of potentially revegetating natural plants are the brief symbol

notations indicating occurrences of plants on any human-disturbed sites

CD), on uranium mine wastes (M), and on uranium mill tailings areas (T).

When appropriate, these are followed by symbol notations chat indicate the

writer's subjective evaluation of potential values of plant species for

revegetatiou of uranium mine and mill waste and other disturbed sites in

the Uranium City area. Plants deemed of some revegetation value are marked

by a single asterisk (*), and those of potentially high revegetational

v-alue are marked by double asterisks (**)• The symbol notations are

subjective, but hopefully this listing may serve as a starting noint for

future, more intensive, studies of such plants for this purpose.

5.3.2 General Comments on Plant Succession after Disturbances

Human disturbances may result in moderate to drastic changes in the

structure and species composition of plant communities, or even cheir total

destruction. Natural revegetation of human or otherwise disturbed sices -18- usually involves successional stages, either short- or long lasting, until a mature plant community type characteristic of the area and site conditions is eventually restored. Ample reservoirs of natural plant communities preserved in the region are necessary seed sources for normal

succession to proceed. With a lack of such reservoirs, succession on human-disturbed areas may never eventuate in the cotal restoration of the original natural communities, at least with respect to their rare species

composition. Herbaceous ruderal species, many of them of non-indigenous

origin, predominate in early stages of succession on most types of human

disturbances. Recolonizing plants on disturbed sites in the Uranium City

region include a significantly lower percentage of introduced weeds and,

conversely, a higher percentage of native species, than do equivalent sites

in southern Saskatchewan. This may in part be due to the more northern

climate, but likely is mainly a factor of the relative recency of

disturbances there and the more limited availability of introduced weed

seed sources. The associated species that tend to naturally revegetate

various types of human-disturbed sites often bear similarities to those of

certain analagous natural successional communities. Those on open sandy

sites may include species of natural sand-dunes and higher sand-beaches.

Those on rocky sites may be similar to plants of natural open

rock-outcroppings. True pioneer colonizers are nainly herbaceous species.

Shrub and tree sprouts are not uncommon, however, in those disturbed sites

where their root-stocks have been able to persist and especially near wooded

edges of disturbed clearings. Substratum types are important determiners of

the speed and type of revegetation. If the topsoil has been well preserved,

secondary succession aay be relatively rapid. But after destruction of the

organic topsoils, succession will likely be slow. -19-

5.3.3 Natural Revegetation on Abandoned Uranium Mill Tailings

5.3.3.1 Gunnar Uranium Mill Tailings

The Gunnar Uranium Mill tailings consist of three subdivisions (as shown in Map 2) — the Gunnar Main, Gunnar Central, and Gunnar Langley Bay

Tailings areas. All three tailings areas show considerable natural revegetation, although in each there remain poorly vegetated, loose-sandy, unstabilized portions. The plants naturally colonizing each of these tailings areas are listed in Table 6 under the recognized species associations with estimates of each species' frequency-abundance. The most noteworthy substrate characteristics of the Gunnar tailings appear to be the nearly neutral pH but a high salinity. The drier, higher portions, especially of the Main tailings area, need stabilization by plant cover, but the wetland portions appear well advanced toward effective revegetation.

5.3.3.2 Lorado Uranium Mill Tailings

The Lorado Uranium Mill Tailings on the west end of Nero Lake are much more poorly revegetated than the previous. This is apparently due to

the high acidity and pyritic content of the substrate. Nevertheless,

despite the generally poor revegetation cover, a fairly large number of

naturally recolonizing plants were recorded there. These are listed in

Table 7 under the recognized species associations, with frequency-abundance

estimates for each species.

5.3.4 Natural Revegetation on Uranium Mine Wastes

5.3.4.1 Gunnar Uranium Mine Wastes

The Gunnar mine wastes are mainly in the form of the rock-pile

mounds alongside of St. Mary's Channel, just east of the open pit mine and

mill area. It would appear that the primary limitation to revegetation has -20- Tabla 6. Plants Maturally Colonizing on che Gunnar uranium Mill Tailings THE MAIN TAILINGS AREA (Mudford Lake Sice)

On dry, open, loose, sandy, upper On mes-molst borders of black spruce substrata: woods and drowned-out black spruce island: Puccinellia nuttalliana (ff, d) Hordeum jubatum (ff, d) Betula neoalaskana (ff, If) Puccinellia distans-interior (ff) Alnus crispa (ff) Agropyron trachycaulum Salix arbusculoides (ff) var. unilaterale (o) Erigeron acris var. ast*-?oides (ff) Equisetum hiemale (o, If) Calamagrostis canadensis (ff) Equiaeturn arvenae (ο, Iff) Salix bebbiana (ff) Hieracium umbella tuia (vo, If) Picea aariana (ff) Srigeron acris var. asteroides (vo) Equisetum arvense (ff) Chenopodium album (r) inexpansa (o-ff) Agrostis scabra (ο, Iff) Agropyron erachycaulum var. trachycaulum (o) On meaic-moist, tighter, semi- Populus balsamifera (o) vegetated, salt-encrusted substrate: Shepherdia candensis (vo) Aster brachyactis (o, If) Puccinellia nuttalliana (ff-f) Salix interior (vo, lc) Hordeum jubatum (ff-f) Ledum groenlandicum (vo) Equisetum arvense (ff, If) Achillea borealis (o, Iff)· On moist-wet lower mud-flats and Epllobium angustiiolium (o, Iff) drainages Hieracium umbellatum (o, Iff) Taraxacum officinale (o, If) Puccinellia nuttalliana (ff) Solidago spathulata Triglochin palustris (ff, la) var. neomexicana (o) Juncus bufonius (ff, la ) Erigeron acris Aster brachyactis (ff, If) var. asteroides (vo) Juncus alpinus (ff, la) Salix ;lauea (o, If) Rumex occidentalis (ff, If) Salix arbusculoidea (o, If) Salix bebbiana (ff, If) Populus tremoloides (vo, If) Juncus balticus (o, lc) Aster cillolatus (vo) Calamagrostis canadensis (o, If) Erigeron lonchophyllus (vo) Agrostis scabra (o, Iff) Epilobium watsonii (o) Parnassia palustris (o) Glyceria sp. (seedlings) (o, lc) Near SW edge bordering green alder- Carex aquatilis (o) willow-white birch-white spruce Salix interior (o, lc) wooded ridges: Calamagrostis inexpansa (o) Agropyron crachycaulum Alnus crispa (ff) var. trachycaulum (o) Betula neoalaskana (ff) Rorippa islandica (vo, lc) (seedlings) 'uccinellia nuttalliana (ff) Spiranthes romanzoffiana (vo, if) Sails glauca (ff, le) Piantalo aajor (vo ) Salix discolor (ο, If) Habenaria hyperborea (vo) Picea glauca (o) Parnassia palustris (o, Iff) Runex occidentalis (o) Shepherdia canadensis (vo) -21- Tabla 6 (Continued)

THE MAIN TAILINGS AREA (Mudford Lake Sita) (Cont'd)

Aquatics in ponds and edges:

Typha latifolia (ff, la & d) Eleocharis quinqueflora (o, la) Eleocharis palustris (ff, la) Scirpus validus (o, le) Carex aquatilis (f, Id) Carex rostrata (ο, le) Scirpus cyperinus (ff) Sparganium minimum (o) Eleocharis acicularis (ο, la)

LANGLEY BAY TAILINGS AREA

On moist-vet siley beach flats: Aquatic plants in central creek:

Deschaapsia caespitosa (f, la 4 d) Eleocharis palustris (ff, la) Puccinellia nuttalliana (f, lc & d) Potamogeton fillfonnis (ff, la) Cilyceria borealis (f, lc) Potamogeton richardsonii (ff, lc) Puccinellia distans-interior (f, lc) Ranunculus aquatilis Hordeum jubatum (f) var. capillaceus (ff, lc) Carex aquatilis(ff) Carex aquatilis (ff) Agrostis scabra (ff, If) Potamogeton pusillus (o, le) Calamagrostis neglecta (ff) Potaaogeton alpinus Deschampaia mackenzieana (ff) var. tenuifolius (ο, If) Carex viridula (ff, If) Sparganium aultipedunculatum (o, lf) Carex crawfordii (ff, If) Eleocharis acicularis (ο, la) Eleocharis acicularis (ff, la) Eleocharis palustris (ff, lc) Juneus alpinus (ff) On mesic-molst sandy flats: Sagina nodosa ssp. borealis (ff, If) Polygonum aviculara (ff, lc) Puccinellia nuttalliana (ff) Ranunculus flammula Hordeum jubatum (ff) var. filiformis (ff, la) Calafnagrostis canadensis (ff, lf & d) Ξguisetua arvense (ff) Carex aquatills (ff) Ranunculus sceleratus (ff, lc) Agrostis scabra (ff) Galium trifidum (o, la) Polygonum aviculare (ff, lc) Carex lenticularis (o) Parnassia palustris (o) Calamagrostis canadensis (o, If) Potentina norvegica (o) Parnassia palustris (ο, If) Potantilla norvegica (o, lc) Mentha arvensis (o, lc) On mesic-moist edges bordering alder- Rorippa islandica var fernaldii (o) willow-aspen-black spruce woods Polygonum lapathifolium var. salicifolium (o) Calamagrostis canadensis (ff, lf) Spilobium adenocaulon (o) Carex aquatilis (ff, lf) Rumex salicifolius (o) Puccinel.ì.ia nuttalliana (ff) 3eckmannia syzigachne (o, la) Calrwqgrostis inexpansa (ff, lf) Poa glauca (o) Alnus crispa (ff) Carex rostrata (o, la) Βecula neoalaskana (ff) Juncus bufonius (ο, la) Picea aariana (ff) Salix bebbiana (o, If) Salix bebbiana (o) Sallx discolor (ο) Salix arbusculaides (o) Salix scouleriaaa (o) Salix glauca (o) Senecio congestus var. palustris (o) Agropyron crachycaulum Carax atherod_es_ (vo, lc) var. trachycaulua (o) N •voi Eauisetua arvar.se 'D -22- Table 6 (Continued)

LANGLEY BAÏ TAILINGS AREA (Cont'd)

On mesic-moist edges bordering alder- Aquatic plants in small ponds : willow-aspen-black spruce woods (Conc'd) _ Typha latifolia (f, la & d) Scirpus validus (ff) Hordeum jubatum (o, If) Myriophyllum exalbescens (ff) Equisetum palustre(ο, If) Garex aquatilis (ff, le) Alnus rugosa (o) Ranunculus aquatilis (ff, le) Agrostis scabra (o) Potamogeton filifonnis (ff, la) Scirpus cyperinus (o) Potamogeton pusillus (o, If) Populus tremuloides (vo) Sparganium multipedunculaturn (o, If) Galium boreale (o) Potamogeton folio sus ( If·) Equisetum sylvaticum (vo) Calamagrostis lapponica (vo) On moist-wet aud-flats: Spiraathea rotaanzoffiana ( vo ) Castilleja raupii (vo) Deschampsia caespitosa (f & d) Rhinanthus crista-galli (vo, If) Puccinellia nuttalliana (f & d) Agrostis scabra (f) Juncus bufonius (f, la & d) Hordeum jubatum (ff) Rumai salicifolius (ff) Triglochin palustris (a, le) Ranunculus sceleratus (o, If) Garax crawfordii (o) Equisetum scirpoides (o, If)

THE CENTRAL TAILINGS AREA

On mesic-moist black spruce and On noist mud-flats along drainages. green alder-willow shrub borders. Carex aquatilis (ff, lc) Picea aariana (ff) Calamagrostis inexpansa (ff, le & d) Be tula neoalaskana ( f f ) Puccinellia nuttalliana (ff, If) Alnus crispa (ff) Agrostis scabra (ff, If) Calamagrostis inexpansa (ff) Triglochin palustris (ff, la S d) Puccinellia nuttalliana (ff) Calamogrostis canadensis (ff) Agrostis scabra (ff) Juneus alpinus (ff, If) Agropyron trachyeaulum Juncus bufonius (o, la) var. trachycaulum (o) Equisetum arvense (o) Habenaria hyperborea (vo) Scirpus cyperinus (o) Arenaria lateriflora (vo) Habenaria hyperborea (vo)

On open, dry, loose tailings:

Puccinellia nuttalliana (ff) Hordeum jubatum (ff) Agropyron trachycaulum var. unilaterale (vo) -23-

Table 7. Plants Naturally Colonizing on the Lorado Uranium Mill Tailings at Nero Lake

On drier, looser tailings toward On semi-moist edges toward black spruce N-KW margins · and/or green alder-willow voods:

Calamagrostis inexpansa (ff, lc) Alnus crispa (ff) Hordeum jubatum (ff, lc) Betula neoalaskana (ff) Agrostis scabra (ff) Carex aquatilis (ff) Poa palustris (ff) Calamagrostis inexpansa (ff, If) Poa glauca (ff) Salix arbusculoides (ff) Agropyron trachycaulum Agropyron trachycaulum var. trachycaulum (o, Iff) var. trachycaulum (ff, If) Agropyron trachycaulum Hordeum jubatum (ff) var. unilaterale (o, Iff) Eriophorum brachyantherum (ff) Festuca rubra (o*. Iff) Salix bebbiana (o; Festuca saximontana, (ο, iff) Picea mariana (o) Plantago major (o, Iff) Equisetum arvense (ff) Polygonum aviculare (ο, Iff) Calamagrostis canadensis (o, lc) Equiseimn arvense (o, Iff) Epilobium palustre (o) Salix glauca (o) Larix laricina (vo) Salix arbusculoides (o) Ladum groenlandicum (vo) Matricaria matricarioides (o) Rosa acicularis (vo) Hieracium umbellatum (o) Rubus idaeus var. strigosus (vo) Arabis holboellii Erigeron acris (vo) var. retrofracta (vo) Salix Achillea borealis (vo) Fragaria virginiana Pond aquatic plants var. glauca (vo) Rosa acicularis (vo) Equisetum fluviatile (f, la) Solidago spathulata Typha latifolia (la) var. neomexicana Carex canescens (ff) Ribes oxycanthoides Carex aquatilis (ff) Carex siccata (vo) Scirpus cyperinua (ff) Carex aenea (vo)

On higher rocky platform in mid- On gravelly ridges in aid-tailings: tailings area:

Hordeum jubatum (ff) Alnus crispa (le) Juncus bufonius (o, If) Be tula neoalaskana (lc) Epilobium angustiigliurn (o) Alnus rugosa (Iff) Salix glauca (o) Salix glauca (ff) Crépis tectorum (o) Vaccinium vitis-idaea (o) Hieracium umbellatum (o, Iff) Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (o) Calamagrostis canadensis (o, Iff) Eapetrum nigrum (o) Carex aquatilis (o) Ledum groenlandicum (o) Salix bebbiana (o) Rubus idaeus var. strigosus (o) Solidago spathulata var . neotnexicana (vo ) (Cont'd) -24- Table 7: (Continued).

On moist salt-encrusted mud flats Q-i moist edge toward marshy drainage along S border: Carex aquatills (££, If) Carex canescens (o, If) Carex canescens (ff, lc) Agrostis scabra (o, Iff) Salix arbusculoides (ff) Stellaria longifolia (ο, If) Sallx lutea (ff) Arenaria lateriflora (ο, If) Betula neoalaskana (ff) Juncus bufonius (ο, la) Garex aquatilis (ff) Hordeum jubatum (o) Calamagrostis inexpansa (ff) Betula neoalaskana (o) Agrostis scabra (ff) Carex diandra (o, lc) Equisetum palustre (o, If) Spilobium palustre (o, Iff) Scirpus cyperinus (o) Salix pyrifolia (o) Equiaetum sylvaticum (o) Equisetum scirpoides (o) Spiranthes romanzoffiana (vo) -25-

Table 8. Planes Naturally Colonizing on the Gunnar uranium Mine Wastes

In gravelly depressions, and between rocks on sides and flat top of waste rock piles.

Poa glauca f ff) Rubus idaeus var. strigosus (o, If) Festuca °aximontana (ff) Hordeum jubatum (o) Agrostis scabra (ff) Betula neoalaskana (o) Epilobiua angustiiolium (ff) Solidago spathulata Poa palustris (ff) var. neomexicana (o) Calamagrostis canadensis (ff) Populus tremuloides (o) Puccinellia tiuttalliana (ff) Populus balsamifers (o) Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (ff, lc) Lapidium densiflorum (o) Salix arbusculoides (ff) Rumex salicifolius (vo ) Salix Hieracium umbellaturn (vo) Achillea sibirica (vo)

Table 9. Plants Naturally Colonizing on Che Lorado uranium îline Wastes

In gravelly dépressions, and between rocks on waste rock piles Becula neoalaskapa (ff, If) Phacella franklinil (o, If) Rubus idaeus Carax tonsa (o) var. strigosus (ff, lc-a) Populus treatuloides (o) Agrostis scabra (ff, 1c) Poa palustris (o, If) Festuca saximontana (ff, If) Picea mariana (ο) Calamagrostis inexpansa (ff) Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (o) Calamagrostis neglecta (ff) Ribes oxycanthoides (o) Alnus crispa (ff) Poa interior (o) Carex aenea (ff) Cornus canadensis (vo) Salix glauca (ff, If) Vaccinium myrtilloides (vo) Salix discolor (o, If) Equisetum sylvaticum (vo) Salix arbusculoides (o, If) Betula papyrifera (o, If) Salix scouleriana (o, If) Calamqgrostis canadensis (o, If) -26- been Che generally very coarse Cexture of the substrate. Certain plants, however, have colonized the finer gravels and soils that have accumulated in flat depressions and between rocks. The plants naturally colonizing on these mine waste rock piles are listed in Table 8, with their frequency- abundance estimates. 5.3.4.2 Lorado Uranium Mine Wastes The Lorado mine waste rock piles are similar to those of the previous, but Che often high pyritic content among these materials appears to be a further retardant to revegetation in addition to the coarse substrate texture. The colonizing plants, with estimates of their frequency-abundance, are listed in Table 9. 5.3.4.3 Cenex Uranium Mine Wastes The Cenex Uranium Mine was located at the south end of Cinch Lake. The site is-presently owned,and used by Frame Ltd., a local contracting firm. Appearances suggest that mine waste-rock materials have been crushed and used as gravel for construction and road-building in the Uranium City area by this firm. The plants recorded as colonizing on the mine-waste rock piles are listed in Table 10, with estimates of their frequency- abundance .

5.3.4.4 Cayzor-Athabasca Uranium Mine Wastes The Cayzor-Athabasca Uranium Mine on the east side of Jean Lake, about 2 km west of Uranium City, produced a sizeable waste-rock pile. The limited revegetation on these coarse wastes is indicated by the rather brief list of recorded plants given in Table 11, with their frequency-abundance estimates. -27- Table 10. Plants Naturally Colonizing on the Cenex Uranium Mine Wastes at Cinch Lake In gravelly depressions, between rocks, and on rubbly outwash bases of waste rock piles :

Agrostis scabra (ff, If) Polygonum aviculare (o, If) Epilobium angus tifo Hum (ff) Hieracium umbellatum (o) Puccinellia distans (ff) Alnus crispa (o) Eguiseturn arvense (ff) Campanula rotundifolia (o, Iff) Hordeum jubatum (f.f) Trifolium hybridum (o) Agropyron trachycaulum Geranium bicknellii (o) var . trachycaulum ( f f ) Lepidium densiflorum (o, 1c Carex aenea (ff) Populus tremuloides (o) Crépis tectormn (ff) Rubus idaeus var. strigosus (ο, Lff) Calamagrostis neglecta (ff, If) Rosa aciculatis .(vo) Salix glauca (ff, If) Corydalis aurea (vo, lf) Oryzopsis pungens (o) Car ex brunnescens (vo) Salix ayrtillifolia (o) Potentilla norvegica (o, Iff) Equisetum sylvaticum (vo) Calamagrostis canadensis (o, 1c) Rubus acaulis (vo) Phacelia franklinii (o) Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (vo)

Table 11. Plants Naturally Colonizing on the Cayzor-Athabasca uranium Mine Wastes at Jean Lake In gravelly depressions and between rocks of waste rock piles: Betula neoalaskana (ff) Carex aquatilis (o) "if) Equisetum arvense (o, lf) (o, lf) Rubus idaeus var. strigosus (o, If) Crépis tectorum (o, Iff) Rubus acaulis (o, la) 5 pilo biuta angustii olium ( ο, lf ) Arabis holboellii Calamagrostis canadensis (o, lf) var. retrofracta (o, lf) Ledum groenlandicum (o, Iff) Populus crptnuloides (o) Agrostis scabra (o, Iff) Lepidium densiflorum (o, lf ) Poa palustris Calamagrostis neglecta (vo) Hordeum jubatum (o) Rosa acicularis (vo) Carex canescens (o) Equisetum sylvaticum (vo) -28- 5.3.5 Natural Revegetation on Old Disturbed Sites of Abandoned Uranium Mine and Mill Operations, and Other Disturbed Sites The plants naturally revegetating abandoned building and activity sites of the uranium mine and mill operations (listed in Section 4.0) were recorded. These colonizers appear quite similar to those on other human- disturbed sites in the Uranium City area, and thus are not separately listed in tables but included with the latter in the annotated checklist of Appendix A and marked by the symbol "13" in the reference index of Appendix B.

6.0 Recommendations for Future Research No floristic inventory can be assumed complete. Given the time constraints in the field (only August, 1981) the failure to visit certain more specialized habitats, and the lateness of the season, this study must fall considerably short of representing a complete survey of all plant species present in the Uranium City region on the Lake Athabasca North Shore. Even after inclusion of the additional species reports of Raup (193 6) the list must still be considered quite incomplete. Preferably this survey should be supplemented by further field work, partly earlier in summer, to better sample the flora of the natural plant communities of the different land-forms of the region. With regard to1 recording those plants naturally revegetating uranium mine and mill waste areas, the present study involved no floristic surveys on the relatively numerous and more recent Eldorado Nuclear Limited mill-tailings and mine-waste disposal sites. They should be similarly inventoried and the results coordinated with chose of our present report. -29-

Baseline floristic surveys, such as this, are best coordinated with baseline ecological studies on the vegetation describing quantitatively Che structure and relative compositions of plant communities, since both types of botanical studies should benefit from the input of the other. It would seem desirable that such an inventory of the vegetation types be made, not only on the uranium tailings sites to ascertain the natural revegetacion there, but also on all undisturbed plant communities of the Uranium City region. This would result in establishing good baseline parameters useful for assessing potential, future, environmental damage to the plant cover.

The desirability of revegetation of uranium mill-tailings sites to stabilize the substrates and reduce the spread of radiation and toxic chemical contamination by wind-blown particles, seems well accepted by most environmentalists and governments. Specifically in the Uranium City area, such wind-erosion seems an obvious problem at both the abandoned Gunnar

Mill Tailings and the Nero Lake Lorado Mill Tailings sites. At the west and northwest end of the Nerc Lake Tailings, there has been an apparent sifting of loose wind-blown tailings particles over the road and mill site foreground. In fact, the Uranium City-Lorado-lodge Bay Road actually crosses the northwest end of the tailings, and vehicles passing through during dry weather raise clouds of dust which the occupants can scarcely avoid inhaling. On the southern and southeastern portions of the Gunnar

Mill Main Tailings .area, the wind-erosion of the drier looser substrate is even more extreme, with the full-fledged sard-storms intermittently raised during times of higher wind velocities. Such sand-storms likely carry radioactive and chemically toxic tailings particles fairly long distances, nany eventually sifting down onto Lake Athabasca. Although, with -30- abandonment of Che village sice, Che Gunnar area might now be chought quite remote from human contact, both Che native village area occupied by families during part of every summer, and a fish-processing plant, are located just over the high shore ridge, southeast and south of (i.e., more or less downwind from) the wind-blown part of the main tailings area. Thus an attempt to stabilize the wind-drifting of tailings here by effective vegetation would seem highly desirable•

With regard to research on enhancing revegecation of uranium mill- tailing sices, more detailed quantitative analysis of the existing natural revegetation on these sites would appear desirable, including detailed vegetation mapping of Che sites. Such vegetation studies on tailings should be correlated with measurements of such other ecological parameters as substrate analyses and microclimate characteristics. Among the plants of Che annotated list of naturally colonizing species in the Uranium City region, the most promising candidates for revegetation of uranium wastes should be subjected to intensive ecophysiological (autecological) laboratory studies to screen Chan for Cheir tolerances to pH, salinity, particular heavy metals, etc., and also perhaps even more importantly, co field revegecation Crials. Other plants not found in Che region, such as certain dune-stabilizing native species naturally limited to the nearby Lake Athabasca South Shore, or even those of the more southern Saskatchewan sandhills, also deserve such consideration. " -31- 7.0 Literature Cited Abouguendia, Z. M., R. C. Godwin and D. J. Richert. 1979. Botanical Investigations along the Proposed Key Lake Road (Final Report). Saskatchewan Research Council Publication No. C79-20. 107 pp. Abouguendia, Z. M., R. C. Godwin, V. L. Harms, J. H. Hudson, J. S. Rowe and R. Wright. 1980. Chapter 5. Plant Ecology and Taxonomy, pp. 93-143, plus Appendix D, pp. D-l to D-27. IN: Abouguendia, Z. M. and W. W. Sawchyn. 1980. The Athabasca Sand Dunes of Saskatchewan: A Multidisciplinary Study. Saskatchewan Research Council Publication Mo. C805-0-4-E-80. 235 pp. and appendices.

Acocks, J. 1953. Veld types of South Africa. Bot. Survey Mem. Ho. 28, Department of Agriculture Division Bot., Pretoria, Union of South Africa. Argus, G. W. 1964. Plant collections from Carswell Lake and Bear-tooth Island, northwestern Saskatchewan, Canada. The Canadian Field- Naturalist 78: 139-149. Argus, G. W. 1966. Botanical Investigations in northeastern Saskatchewan: the subarctic Patterson-Hasbala Lakes region. The Canadian Field- Naturalist 80: 119-143. Argus, G. W. 1968. Contributions to the flora of boreal Saskatchewan.

Rhodora 70: 200-214. Argus, G. W. and D. White. 1975. A preliminary list of the rare plants of Saskatchewan. National Museum of Canada, 14 pp. Braun-Blanquet, J. 1932. Plant Sociology (Transl. and rev. by Fuller, G. D. and H. S. Conard). McGraw Hill Book Co., N.T. -32- Breitung, A. J. 1957. Annotated catalogue of the vascular flora of Saskatchewan. The American Midland Naturalist 58: 1-72. Cody, W. J. 1978. Range extensions and comments on Che vascular flora of the continental Northwest Territories. The Canadian Field-Naturalist 92:144-150 Harms, V. L. 1974. Botanical Studies in the Boreal Forest along the Green Lake-LaLoche Road, northwestern Sask. The Musk-Ox 14: 37-54. Harms, V. L. 1977. Wildlife and Vegetation Survey at Gulf Minerals Uranium Operation at Woliaston Lake. III. Vegetation Survey. Saskatchewan Research Council, Report C76-2, Saskatoon, June 1977. 132 pp. and infold map. Harms, V. L. 1978a. A botanical inventory of the Cluff Lake area, northern

Saskatchewan. The Musk-Ox 22: 31-60. Harms, V. L. 1978b. A Tencative Checklist of the Rare and Potentially Endangered Native Vascular Plants of Saskatchewan. The W. P.Fraser Herbarium, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon. Heilman-Ternier, J. and V. L. Harms. 1975. Plant Ecology - Taxonomy. Final Report 5. J. Mitchell (ed.). Churchill River Study (MissJaipe Probe), Saskatoon, Sask. 126 pp. Hudson, J. H. 1977. Carex in Saskatchewan. Bison Publishing House, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. 193 pp. Jasieniuk, M. K. and E. 0. Johnson. 1979. A vascular flora of the Caribou Range, Northwest Territories, Canada. Rhodora 81: 249-274. Xalin, M. 1981. A preliminary assessment of the environmental conditions of two abandoned uranium mill tailings sites in Saskatchewan. Institute for Environmental Studies, Univ. of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario. (Report for Sask. Dept. Environment). -33-

Maher, R. V., G. Argus, V. L. Harms and J. Hudson. 1979. The rare

vascular plants of Saskatchewan. Nat. Mus. of Canada. Syllogeus

No. 20.

Moss, E. H. 1959. Flora of Alberta. Univ. of Toronto Press. 546 pp.

Moss, H. C, and J. S. Clayton. 1969. The soils of Saskatchewan. IN:

Richards, J. H., and K. I. Fung. Atlas of Saskatchewan. University

of Saskatchewan, pp. 70-72.

Raup, H. 1936. Phytogeographical studies in the Athabasca - Great Slave

Lake region. I. Catalogue of vascular plants. J. Arnold Arboretum

17: 180-315.

Raup, H. 1946. Phytogeographical studies in the Athabasca - Great Slave

Lake region. II. Forests. J. Arnold Arboretum 27: 1-85.

Richards, J. H. 1969. Physical features of Saskatchewan. IN:

Richards, J. H. and K. I,. Fung. Atlas of Saskatchewan. University

of Saskatchewan, pp. 40-43.

Rowe, J. S. 1977. Forest Regions of Canada. Can. Forestry Service

Public. No. 1300. Ottawa.

Scoggan, H. J. 1957. Flora of Manitoba. National >4iseum of Canada

Bulletin 140, Ottawa. 619 pp.

Scoggan, H. J. 1978-1979. The Flora of Canada, Parts 1-4. National

Museum of Natural Sciences Publication in Botany, No. 7, National

Museums of Canada.

Scotter, G. W. 1961. Botanical collections in the Black Lake region in

northern Saskatchewan (1960). The Blue Jay 19: 28-33. 35

APPENDIX A

ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF PLANT SPECIES RECORDED HT.THE URANIUM CITY SEGION

LICHENS

1. FAMILY CLADONIACEAE:

Cladlna mltis (Sanst.) Hale & Culb. On rock-outcrops, open or under

semi-open, dry-mes jP, wB, cA, bS, and gA-W woods; under dry-mes

bS woods (ff) ; on rocks at base of Lorado Mine waste-rock pile (vo)

Cladina rangiferina (L.) Harm. On dry rock-outcrop ridges, open or

under semiopen jP woods.

Cladina stellaris (Opiz) Brodo. On rock-outcrops, open or under

semi-open, dry-fx jP or CA woods

Cladonia amaurocraea (FISrke) Schaer. On dry-fr, semi-cp-»n, rock-

outcrop ridges under jP, tA, wB, & gA-W woods (f) ; on thin soil on

rocks edging Lorado Mine waste-rock pile (vo) .

Cladonia botryres (Hag.) Willd. In drier, semi-open jP, CA, jP-cA-

wB woods on rock-outcrops; in dry-mes wB-wS and bS woods; under

W-gA ac Gunnar Mine site.

Cladonia carneola (Fr.) Fr. In semi-open, fr-mes bS lowland and

ridge woods; under open gA-W-wB woods with rock-outcrops.

Cladonia cenotea (Ach.) Schaer. In semi-open, dr7-mes bS 4 wB-cA

ridge woods; at dry base of Lorado Mine waste-rock pile.

Cladonia chloroohaea (FISrke) Spreng. Under semi-open dry-mes w

jP, tA & jP-tA-wB woods with rock-outorons (r), and bS woods (ff) ; * Identified by Dr. D. H. 7itt. 36

on chin soil over rocks edging Lorado Mine waste-rock pile; on sw edge of Gunnar Main Tailings under some gA shrubs.

Cladonia coccifera (L.) Willd. On thin soil over rock-outcrops.

Gladonia coniocraaa (Floerke) Sprang. Under semi-open wB-wS, jP, & tA-jP-wB woods with rock-outcrops (ff), & bS woods (ff); on sw edge of Gunnar Main Tailings under some gA; on base of Lorado Mine waste- rock pile.

Cladonia cornuta (L.) Hoffm. Under semi-open jP, dry-mes wB, jP-tA, wB-wS, wB-tA Si tA-jP-wB woods with rock-outcrops (f) , open rock- outcrops (f} and on drier hummocks of mossy drainages; under bS (-gA) woods & rA-W thickets (ff); area of dead bS in Nero L. Tailings on sw edge of Gunnar Main Tailings under some gA; at Gunnar pit mine site; on rocks edging Lorado Mine waste-rock pile.

Cladonia cristatella Tuck. Under semi-open, dry-mes jP , tA-jP, wB-gA-W woods with rock-outcrops (ff) , open outcrops & fr-mes bS forest; on drier hummocks in open mossy drainages; on rock-outcrop in Nero L. Tailings; open disturbed pit-mine area at Gunnar.

Cladonia cyanioes (Somm.) Nyl. Under dry-fr wB-tA woods; base of Lorado Mine waste-rock pile.

Cladonia deformis (L.) Hoffm. On open & semi-open dry tA-jP-wooded rock-outcrops.

Cladonia fimbriata (L.) Fr. On thin soil on rock-outcrops, open and under semi-open, dry-fr wB-tA, wB-cA, & iP woods; in fr-mes bS woods, base of Lorado Mine waste-rock pile. 37

Cladonia gonecha (Ach.) Asah. Under dry-mes semi-open tA-jP & gA-W

shrubland; fr-mes bS & wB-wS woods; on drier hummocks in open mossy

drainages; open rock-outcrop in Nero L. Tailings.

Cladonia gracilis (L.) Willd. On thin soil on rock-outcrops, open or

under dry-fr (-mes) jP (f), tA-jP (f), wB, wB-tA, & wB-wS woods; in

dry-mes, open Si closed, shore & upland bS woods (ff); on drier hummocks

in open drainage ravines; on Nero L. Tailings in hummocky dead bS

"islands", and on rock-outcrop surfaces; on Gunnar Main Tailings at

sw edge under small recolonizing gA shrubs; on thin soil on rocks at

base of Lorado Mine waste-rock pile.

Cladonia pleurota (Florke) Schaer. On thin soil on open and semi-open

jP-cA-wooded rock-outcrops; under some gA at SW edge of Gunnar Main

Tailings.

Cladonia pyxidata (L.) Hoffm. On thin soil of rock-outcrop ridges, dry-

mes, open and semi-open under jP, tA-jP, wB-wS, and wB-cA woods; under

upland bS woods; at basal edges of Lorado Mine waste-rock pile.

Cladonia uncialis (L.) Wigg. On thin soil on rock-outcrop ridges, open

or semi-open under jP and jP-tA woods; on Lorado Mine waste-rock pile,

and rocks edging ch'e latter.

Cladonia spp. Under mature bS woods on lower a-facing ridge slopes;

on rock outcrops under wB woods.

2. FAMILY LECANORACEAE:

cf. Haematoma sp. On thin soil over rocks of lower part of Lorado Mine

waste-rock rubble pile (poor specimens). 38

3. FAMILY PABMELIACEAE:

Cetraria halei W. & C. Culb. Co'.rticolous on bS in dry semi-open bS

woods.

Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach. On rock-outcrops; on rocks surrounding

Lorado Mine waste-rock pile.

Cetraria nivalis (L.) Ach. On rock-outcrops, open and under dry-mes,

semi-open jP, wB, bS, jP-tA, and gA-W-wB (-bS).

Cetraria pinastri (Scop.) S. Gray. On bS, wB and jP bark and woody

3oil-litter in dry-mes bS, wB-wS, jP-tA, wB-tA, jP-cA-wB, and

gA-W-wB-bS woods.

Hypogymnia physodes (L.) W. Wats. On. bS and wB bark in dry-mes,

shore and upland bS and wB woods; on dead bS branches in drowned-

out dead bS - small wB "island" in Nero L. Tailings.

Ρarmelia sulcata Tayl. On bS and wB bark in fr-mes, semi-open and

closed, lowland and upland bS, tA-wB, wB, and tA woods; on edges of

Lorado Mine waste-rock pile.

Parmeliopsis ambigua (Wulf.) Nyl. In hummocky dead bS area in Mero L.

Tailings.

Xanthoparmelia centrifuga (L.) Hale. [Parmelia centrifuga (L.) Ach.].

On rock-outcrops, open or semi-open under gA-W-wB shrub-woods; in

ooen bS woods. 39

4. FAMILY PELTIGEBACEAE:

Pelcigera aphthosa (L.) Willd. With feather mosses in fr-mes bS, wB-

wS-cA and bS-wB woods; under semi-open dry-fr CA-jP, wB, and bS

woods on rock-outcrops; Gunnar pit-mine disturbed area.

Peltigera canina (L.) Willd. With heavy moss under mes-wet bS and wB-

wS-tA woods; in moi Ledum-dominated depression adjacent to Lorado

Mine waste-rock pile.

Peltigera malacea (Ach.) Funck. In moi Ledum-dominated depression

adjacent to Lorado Mine waste-rock pile.

Peltigera polydactyla (Neck.) Hoffm. In fr-moi semi-open vB-wS (-tA) ,

jP-tA-wB and jP woods.

Peltigera sp. On rock-outcrop ridge under open jP woods.

5. FAMILY STESEOCAULACEAE:

Stereocaulon tomentosum Fr. On thin soil on rock-outcrops in fr-moi

semi-open jP, tA-bS, tA and wB-wS (-tA) woods.

Stereocaulon sp. (not _§_. comentosum) • On chin soil on rock-outcrops

under open gA-W-bS-wB mixed woods.

6. FAMILY USNEACEAE:

Evernia mesomorpha Nyl. On bS bark in drier, semi-open bS woods and

in drowned-out bS shore marsh at Nero L. 40

B RYOPHYTES: LIVERWORTS *

1. FAMILY CEPHALOZIACEAE:

Cephalozia meadia Lindb. Along open moi mossy drainage channels;

mossy streamlet edge.

Ceohalozia sp. Along moi mossy drainage channel.

Cladopodiella fluitans (Nees) Spruce. Along moi-wet mossy drainage

channels and pond margins; wet margins of Nero L. Tailings ponds.

2. FAMILY LOPHOZIACEAE:

Barbilophozia hatcheri (Evans) Loesk. On rock-outcrop ridges under

semi-open jP, tA and tA-jP-wB woods.

Tritomaria quinquedentata (Huds.) Buch. In gA-bS-wB woods; on sw

edge of Gunnar Main Tailings under some small gA shrubs.

3. FAMILY MARCHANTIACEAE:

Marchantia polymorpha L. On Crackingstone R. shorelines.

4. FAMILY PTILIDIACEAE:

Ptilidium ciliare (L.) Hampe. In dry-moi, semi-open or closed, upland

or shore bS woods (ff); in dry-mes wS-wB and jP woods.

BRYOPHYTES: MOSSES *

5. FAMILY AMBLYSTEGIACEAE:

Amblystesium semens (Hedv.) B.S.G. Under semi-open CA-wB-wS woods

with rock-outcrops.

*Zisr.ztfLsd TJ Dr. D. H. 7itt. 41

Calliergon cordifolium (Hedw.) Kindb. Aquatic in sedge-fen ponds;

on beaver dam in Crackingstone R. bed.

Calliergon giganceum (Schimp) Kindb. Aquatic and on shorelines of

Crackingscone R.

Calliergon richardsonii (Mitt.) Kindb. Aquatic in, and wet borders of,

boggy pools in wet bS woods; in sedge fen ponds.

Cratoneuron filicinum (Hedw.) Spruce. On soil and wood of beaver dam

in Crackingstone R. bed.

Drepanocladus aduncus (Hedw.) Warnst. Aquatic in shallow water and

on wet shorelines of lakes and small ponds; in wet mossy drainages

and stream edgrs - open and under W-rA shrubs, under moi rA-W

shore thickets; aquatic and shorelines of Nero L.; in marshy open

ravine at base of Jean L. mine waste-rock pile.

Drepanocladus exanulatus (B.S.G.) Warnst. Aquatic and on shoreline

edges of ponds in sedge fens and bS woods, along marshy lake inlets

and open or wooded, wet, small drainage channels.

Drepanocladus fluxtans (Hedw.) Warnst. Aquatic and on wet shoreline

edges of lakes and ponds, and marshy drainage channels; aquatic

and at shoreline edges of ponds in Nero L. Tailings (f); aquatic and

on wet clay-flat lake shoreline of Nero L. Tailings (lc and d) ;

aquatic and on wet shorelines of Nero L. elsewhere (1c and d).

Drepanocladus revolvens (Sw.) Warnst. Aquatic in boggy pools in bS

-woods. 42

Drepanocladus uncinatus (Hedw.) Warnst. Under tnoi wS-wB-bS-W-rA shore

mixed woods, fr-mes upland tA-wB-wS, jP-tA and bS woods; in wet

moss-hummocky depression on Nero L. Tailings.

6. FAMILY ANDREACEAE:

Andraea rupestris Hedw. On rock-outcrops under wB woods.

7. FAMILY AULACOMNIACEAE:

Aulacomnium palustre (Hedw.) Schwaegr. Along moi-wet ravine small

drainage channels, mossy scream e'dges; pool edges in bS woods;

under fr-moi wB-wS (-cA), bS, wB-wS-bS-rA-W shore woods; on moi-

dried open mud flats; in Nero L. Tailings in hummocky depression;

marshy drowned-out bS-gA woods and other shores of Nero L.

8. FAMILY BRACHYTHECIACEAE;

Brachychecium turgidum (C.J. Harta.) Kindb. On Nero L. Tailings on

mossy, ± hummocky clay-flats coward lake beach.

Brachythecimn spp. Under semi-open tA-wB-wS with rock outcrops; on

Nero L. Tailings on mossy, i hummocky clay-flats coward lake beach.

9. FAMILY BRYACEAE:

Bryum lisae De Not var. cuspidatum (B.S.G.) Marg. On Gunnar Main

Tailings near borders of cattail marsh-ponds, in drowned-out bS

"islands", and sw edge under small re'colonizing gA shrubs.

3ryum oseudoCTiquetrum (Hedw.) Gaertn., Mey. 4 Scherb. In moi-wec

open and r.v-rA-wooded ravine along streamlet; on beaver dam in

Crackingstone R. bed; in Nero L. Tailings on moss-hummocky clay-flats toward lake shore; in marshy ravine drainage jusc below and on

rubble base of Jean L. mine waste-rock pile.

Bryum spp. (several spp. probably included). In upland fr-mes wB-wS

woods, wet-moi wS-wB-bS-rA-W shore mixed-woods; under gA-W thickets;

in Gunnar Main Tailings on moi pond edges, moi open mineral clay-

flats near and" under re colonizing gA (on protonema

carpet).

Leotobryum pyriforme (Hedw.) Wils. On moist-wet Crackingstone R.

shores; in Nero L. Tailings on moss-hummocky clay-flats coward lake

. shore; on open dried mud-flat below Cenex Mine waste-rock pile; on

moist mineral clay-flats in Gunnar Main Tailings; on Gunnar Mine

and Mill old-disturbed areas.

Pohlia nutans (Hedw.) Lindb. On floor of fr-mes (-moi) bS (f) , wB-

wS (-CA) (ff), shore vS-vB-bS-rA-W woods; on chin soil on rock-

outcrops in open and under dry-mes j? (f), jP-tA, wB-wS and gA-w-bS-

wB woods; on Nero L. Tailings on hummockv clay-flat near laka shore,

aquatic and on edges of tailings ponds and in hunmocky dead bS

"island"; in Gunnar Main Tailings near sw edge under small

recolonizing gA shrubs; on moi-open mud-flat drainage below Canex

Mine waste-rock pile.

Pohlia wahlenbergii (Web. and Mohr.) Andr. Along wee mossy small

drainage channels in dense shore bS woods. 44

10. FAMILY CALYPOGEIACEAE:

Calypogeia sohagnicola (Am. & Perss.) Warnst. & Loeske. Along

open, wet, mossy small drainage channels.

11. FAMILY CLIMACIACEAE:

Climacium dendroides (Hedw.) Web. & Mohr. In aoi-wet vS-wB-bS-rA-W

shore woods; on chick moss mounds lining wee drainage channels.

12. FAMILY DICKANACEAE:

Cynodoncium scrmniferum (Hedw.) Lindb. On chin 3oil on rock-outcrops

in open or under semi-open wB, jP , jP-cA, wB-wS and gA-W-wB woods.

Picranella sp. On moi clay-flat beaches (f).

Dicranum acutifolimn (Lindb. and. Am ell) C. Jens.. Under fr-tnes

upland bS woods.

Dicranum polysetum Sw. In £r-mes upland bS woods; under gA-w" shrubs.

Dicranum scoparium Hedw. Forming Chick moss mounds lining moi-wet

drainage channels in open and under bS woods; in.fr-mes semi-open

or closed bS woods, on rock-outcrops ridges under semi-open jP (ff).

Dicranum undulatum 3rid. In fr-wet bS and wB-W-gA woods.

13. FAMILY DITSICHACSAE:

Caracodon purpureus (Hedw.) 3rid. On mossy floors of fr-moi, lowland

and upland bS, wB-wS (-CA), and rich shore wS-wB-ba-rA-W voods; on

soil and wood of beaver dam in Crackings tone 3.. bed; in Nero 1.

Tailings on hummockv clay-flat near lake shores; in Gunnar Main •40

Tailings at sw edge under small racoloni2ing gA shrubs; on Gunnar

Mine waste-rock pile; disturbed sites of Gunnar pit mine and mine/

mill operations; disturbed Lorado Mill 3ita at Nero L.

Ditrichum cylindricum (Hedw.) Grout. On rock-outcrop ridge under

open jP-tA woods.

14. FAMILY ENTODONTACEAE:

Pleurozium schreberi (3rid.) Mitt. Under dry-moi, semi-open or closed,

lowland and upland bS woods (f) ; under dry-mes, open and closed,

rock-outcrop ridge wB-wS, tA-jP, wB, tA-wB-wS and wB-bS-gA-W

upland woods (ff).

15. FAMILY HEDWIGIACEAE:

Hewigia ciliata (Hedw.) P. 3eauv. . On rock-outcrops under fr-mes,

semi-open wB and wB-tA-wS woods.

16. FAMILY HYLOCOMIACEAE:

Hylocomium 3Plendens (Hedw.) 3.S.G. On floor of fr-moi closed or

semi-open, lowland and upland, bS woods (ff) ; in fr-mes upland tA-

jP-wB woods; on thin soil on open rock-outcrops; on rocky edges of

Lorado Mine waste-rock pile.

17. FAMILY HYPNACSAE:

Ptilium criata-castrsnsis (Hedw.) de Not. In moi-vet bS woods.

13. FAMILY MNIACEAE:

Plagionmiua ellioticum (3rid.) Kp. Aquatic in sedge-fan pond; along

aoi-wet, aos3-lined, small-drainage channels in bS voods; in Nero L. Tailings in hummocky depression with Ladum g;roenlandicum.

19. FAMILY PLAGIOCHILACIUM:

Mylia anomala (Hook.) S. Gray. In open, wet, mossy, 3taall drainage

channels.

20. FAMILY POLYTRICHACZAE:

Polytrichum commune Hedw. Under fr-oies upland bS woods; along wet,

moss-edged, small drainage channels in open and under shore bS,

and W-rA-wB woods; in Nero L. Tailings on wet pond margins, gravelly

ridge between ponds and ir hummocky drovned-cut bS "islands".

PolytTichum .juniperinum Hedw. Under semi-open, dry-moi, open

and closed bS lowland and upland ridge woods; along moi-wet small

ravine channels; on open mud-flats; on chin soil on rock-outcrops

in open and under semi-open jP, jP-cA, wB-tA, wB-gA-W, wB, jP-cA-

wB woods; rubble base and rocky edges of Lorado Mine wasce-rock

pile; Guxmar Mill and open pit mine disturbed area.

Polytrich-um piliferum Hedw. In fr-raes bS woods; on chin 3oil on rock-

outcrops on open ridges and under dry-mes semi-open jP, jP-cA (-wB),

wB-tA, and gA-W-wB (-bS) woods; on rock-outcrops in middle of Nero

L. Tailings; on rubble base and edges of Lorado Mine waste-rock

pile; at disturbed site of Gunnar pit mine.

Polvtrlchum strieturn 3rid. Along moi-wet open tnossy drainage channel.

21. FAMILY 3PHACTACZAE:

Sphagnum csntorrum Schultz. Shoreline of Crackings cone 5.. below 47

Sphagnum fallax Klinggr. [S_. reeurvum P • 3eauv. ] . In wet, mossy,

small drainage channels under open W shrubs.

Sphagnum fuscum (Schimp.) Klinggr. In wet, mossy, small,drainage

channels, open and under W shrubs.

Sphagnum nemoreum Scop. Under semi-open, moss-hummocky bS woods.

Sphagnum riparium Angstr. Aquatic in small ponds on Nero L.

Tailings.

Sphagnum russowii Warnst. In wet, mossy, small drainage channels

under open W shrubs.

Sphagnum teres (Schimp) Angstr. Aquatic in lakes and on lake

shorelines.

Sphagnum wamstorfii Suss. On floor of wet bS forest and on deep-

moss pool margins.

22. FAMILY THUIDIACEAE:

Helodium blandowii (Web. & Mohr.) Warnst. On thick moss layer of

wet small drainage channels.

Thuidium abietinum (Hedw.) 3.S.G. On ooen granitic outcrop of high

beach ridges. 48

III. VASCULAR PLANTS

A. PTERIDOPHTTES (FERNS AND ALLIES)

1. FAMILY LYCOPODIACEAE (Club-moss Fam.):

Lycopodium annotinum L. [includ. var. acrifolium Femj. Sciff Club

Moss. Evergreen herbs in fr-tnes, moss-carpeted bS woods (o, in

scattered colonies). At Chariot R. , Cornwall Bay and Camsell

Portage (Raup 1936).

Lycopodium conrolanatum L. "Ground-Cadar". Evergreen herbs in fr-ces

wB-bS and dry jP-tA on rock-outcrop ridges (o, in scattered

colonies). At Charloc Pt. and Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936).

T.ycopodium obscurum L. "Ground-Pine" . Evergreen herbs in fr wB-

jP-wS woods on ridge slope (o). At Camsell Portage and Cornwall

Bay (Raup 1936) .

Lycopodium selago L. "Mountain Club-moss". Evergreen herbs in

rock crevices at Ellis Bay (Raup 1936). On Sask. rare plants

list.

Lycopodium sitchense Rupr. [L_. sabinaefolium Willd ssp . sitchensa

(Rupr.) Calder & Taylor]. "Sitka Ground-Cedar". Evergreen herbs

in mesic sail dense bS (-tL-gA) at Nero L. (vo) . On Sask. rare

plants list.

Lycopoditnn trlstachyum Pursh. "Three-Spiked Ground-Cedar".

Evergreen herbs in sandy thickets and open woods at Cam&cll

Portage (Raup 1936). (Often not separated from L. conrolanatua.)

* - with revegetation pocential ** - with high revegetation potential *** - with highest revegetation potential 49

2. FAMILY SELAGINELLACEAE (Selaginella or Lictle Club-moss Fam.):

Selaginella rapestris (L.) Spretig. "Sock Selaginella". Evergreen

herbs on open rock-outcrops on e-facing ridges near Gunnar (r, lc) .

On exposed rocky and sandy hillsides at Chariot Pt. and Cornwall

Bay (Raup 1936) .

3. FAMILY EQUISETACEAE (Horsetail Fam.):

Equisetum arvense L. "Common Horsetail". Herbs in mes-moi bS-gA-W

woods (f), along open mossy small drainages (f), and wB-wS(-bS)-

rA-W shore woods (o, if). In Lorado Mill Mero L. Tailings on

moi borders to bS and gA-W thickets or woods (ft) , on moi

crystalline-encrusted mud-flats, higher drier mound ridges, and

moi small drainage edge (o, Iff); in Gunnar Main, central and

Langley Bay Tailings on moi borders to bS, bS-gA-W, rA-W-bS(-tA)

woods or thickets (o-ff, lff-f) , on moi mud-flats (ff,If), and

on dry looser sandy substrates (o, Iff); in gravelly depressions

and between rocks of Cenex and Cayzor-Athabasca Mine waste-rock

piles; at Cenex, Gunnar and Lorado Mine operations areas in

old-disturbed moi gravelly clearings (o-ff, If); in other moi

disturbed clearings (o). At Chariot Pt. and Cornwall Bay (Raup

1936).*

Eauisetum fluviatile L. [E_. limosum L. 1 "Swamp Horsetail".

Emergent aquatic and shoreline herbs at edges of lakes and streams

to 1/2 m depths. In Lorado Mill Nero L. Tailings in ponds (f, la);

in disturbed roadside ditches and gravel borrow-oit ponds. •

Eduisetum hyemale L. ssp. affine (Engelm.) Stone "Common Scouring

Rush". Evergreen herbs in Gunnar Mill Ta.'lings on loose, sandy,

higher, drier substrate (o, If). • 50

Equisetmn palustre L. "Marsh Horsetail". Evergreen herbs along open

lake shores and pond edges (o, lc). In Lorado Mill Nero L.

Tailings as emergent aquatic and on wet edges of ponds (o, If);

in Gunnar Mill Langley Bay Tailings at wet border to W-gA-tA

shrub-woods (o, If); a/: Canex Mine operations site in disturbed

shore clearings (o, lc).

Equisetum scirpoides Michx. "Dwarf Scouring Rush". Evergreen herbs

in patches on moss under moi bS woods and W-gA shrub lands (ff, la).

In Lorado Mill Nero L. Tailings along moi small drainage channel

at s margin (o); in Gunnar Mill Langley Bay Tailings on ami clayey

mud-flats above beach (o, If). At Chariot ?t. (Raup 1936).

Equisetum sylvaticum L. "Woodland Horsetail". Herbs in moi, semi-

open bS woods (If) . In Lorado Mill Nero L. Tailings- at moi margins

toward drainage channel (o); in Gunnar Mill Langley 3ay Tailings

towards bS and rA-W-tA-bS wooded margin (vo, If); at Lorado,

Cenex and Cayzor-Athabasca Mines on moi open mud-flat base of

waste-rock piles (vo, If); at Lorado Mine area on sandy slopes

with pyritic wastes (o); in various moi sandy disturbed clearings

(If). In rich woods at Camsell Portage, Wabba L., and Cornwall

Bay (Raup 1936). *

FAMILY POLYPODIACEAE (Polypody Fam.):

Cryptogramma crlstia (L.) R. Br. ssp. acrostichoides (R. 3r.) Hulten

"American Rock Fern". Perennial forbs on open or light-wooded

rock-outcrops under dry-fr j?, tA, jP-tA (-wB) , wB-wS and vB-bS-gA-

woods (ff, lc). In dry rock crevices ac Ellis 3ay and Cornwall 3ay

(Raup 1936). 51

Cystopceris fragilis (L.) Bernh. "Fragile Fern". Perennial f'orbs

of shaded moist rock crevices and rocky shorelines at Cinch L. (vo),

At Chariot Ft. and Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936).

Dryooteris fragrana (L.) Schott. "Fragrant Shield Fern". Perennial

forbs on open or light-wooded rock-outcrops under (dry-) fr-tnes

jP, jP-tA(-wB) , CA-wB, wB-wS, bS and jP-wB-faS woods (ff, If). In

dry rock crevices at Chariot Pt. and Chariot R. (Raup 1936).

Gvmnocarpium robertianum (Hoffm.) Mewm. [Thelypteris robertiana

(Hoffm.) Slosson; Dryooteris robertiana (Hoffm.) C. Chr.;

Phegopteris robertiana (Hoffm.) A. Br.]. "Scented Oak Fern".

Perennial forbs of rather dry rock crevices at Cornwall 3ay

(Raup 1936).

Pellaea atmpurpurea (L.) Link. "Purple Cliff-Brake". Perennial

forbs on calcareous cliffs at Cornwall 3ay (Raup 1936, as ?_.

jlabella). On Sask. rare plants list.

Poly-podium vulgare L. var. virginianum (L.) Eaton [Polyoodium

virginianum L.] "Common Polypody". Perennial forbs in crevices'

and on thin soil of rock-outcrops in open or under semi-open

dry-fr jP, tA and tA-jP (-wB) woods (ff, 1c) . In rock crevices at

Chariot Pt. and Fishhook. 3ay (Raup 1936) .

Woodsia glabella R. 3r. "Smooth Woodsia". Perennial forbs in moist

crevices of calcareous rocks at Cornwall 3ay (Raup 1936). On Sask.

rare plants list. 52

Woodsia ilvensis (L.) R. Br. "Rusty Woodsia". Perennial forbs in

crevices of rock-outcrops in open or under semi-onen dry-fr jP, tA.,

jP-tA (-wB), wB-wS, bS and wS-tA-wB woods. In rock crevices at

Chariot Pt.,Ellis Bay and Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936).

Woodsia oregana D.C. Eaton. "Oregon Woodsia". Perennial forbs in

crevices of rock cliffs at Chariot Pt. and Cornwall Bay (Raup

1936) . On Sask. rare ?lant3 list.

Woodsia scopulina D.C. Eaton. "Mountain Woodsia". Perennial forbs

in calcareous rock crevices at Chariot Pt. (Raup 19 36) . On Sask.

rare plants list.

B. GYMNOSFERMS (NAKED-SEED PLANTS)

5. FAMILY PINACEAE (Pine Fam.):

Larix laricina (Du Roi) Koch "Tamarack; Larch". Deciduous needle-

leaved trees in wet, often sphagnaceous, bS woods (o-ff, scattered),

bS-tL (c & d) treed bogs (f & d), and = open bogs (o - f). At

Lorado Mill Mero L. Tailings recolonizing at moi border to bS

woods (vo).

Picea glauca (Moench) Voss. "White Spruce". Evergreen needle-leaved

trees in nies stream-edge mixed-woods with wB, rA, W (bS, jP, etc.)

(f Sid); in upland fr-tnes woods on ridge slopes often with wB, bS,

and/or jP (f & d). In Gunnar Main Tailings at aies border to gA-w-

wB-wS woods; as recolonizing sprouts in disturbed road-side clearings

(ff). On river banks and better-drained soils of uplands at Chariot

?t. (Raup 1936). * 53

Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P. "Black Spruce". Evergreen needle-

leaved crees in fr-moi, lowland-flat, bS woods (a & d); in mes-

moi, scream-edge, wB-bS-rA-W(-wS) mixed woods (f-c & d) ; in bS(-eL)

creed bogs (f & d); on upland, mostly n-facing ridge slopes, in

(dry-) fr-mes bS, bS-wB, jP-bS (-wB) , bS-cA (-wB) woods (f-c & d).

In Lorado Mill Iflero L. Tailings on moi borders Co b£ woods (o); in

Gunnar Mill Main, Central and Langley 3ay Tailings on moi borders

Co bS and gA-(or rA-) W-bS(-cA) woods (ff); on rubble'base and

gravelly edges of Lorado Mine waste-rock piles (o). In muskeg

timber ac Chariot Pt. (Raup 1936) . **

Pinus banksiana Lamb. "Jack Pine". Evergreen needle-leaved traes

in dry-fr (-mes) , open to ± closed,-upland woods on ridges, usually

with rock-outcrops, often with tA, wB, wS and bS (f-a id); in fr-

mes shore wB-wS(-bS)-rA mixed-woods usually higher on well-drained

banks (o-ff). At Ellis Bay (Raup 1936).

6. FAMILY CUPRESSACEAE (Cypress Fam.):

Juniperus conanunis L. "Low Juniper". Low to medium, evergreen,

needle-leaved shrubs on open rock-outcrops or under semi-open,

dry-mes j?, jP-cA(-wB), bS, jP-bS-tA, and gA-W-bS woods with rock-

outcrops (ff, lc in patches). On dry rocky and sandy plains and

ridges at Chariot ?t. and Cornwall 3ay (Raup 1936) .

Juniperus horizontalis Moench "Creeping Juniper". Low co medium,

evergreen, needle-leaved shrubs on open granitic outcrop shore .

cliffs at Lodge Say (ff). In sandy and rocky places at Chariot ?t.

and Cornwall 3ay (Raup 1936). 54

C. ANGIOSPEBMS (FLOWERING PLANTS)

. The Monocotyledons

7. FAMILY TYPHACEAE (Cattail Fam.):

Typha latifolia L. "Cattail".

Emergent forbs in shallow marshy ponds in i disturbed sites,

including roadside ditches and gravel borrow-pits (la & d).

In Lorado Mill Nero L. Tailings and in Gunnar Mill Main and

Langley Bay Tailings in marshy shallow ponds (ff-f, la & d).

The lack of early collections and its apparent limitation to

human-disturbed sites, suggests that this species is introduced

here, as in other places in northernmost Saskatchewan (at least

above lat. 58°) , although it is a native plant further south. **

8'. FAMILY SPARGANIACEAE (3urreed Fam.):

Sparganium angustifolium Michx. "Narrow-leaved 3urreed or Ribbon-

leaf" . Floating-leaved aquatic, perennial forbs in shallow watar,

2-15 dm deep in ponds, near lake shores and in slow streams (o, la

in colonies). Aquatic in ponds of disturbed gravel borrow-pit

sites (la). Pond at Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936).

Sparganium hyoerboreum Laestad. "Northern Small Burreed". Submerged

or floating-leaved to ± emergent aquatic, perennial forbs in very

shallow water of pond and small moss-edged inlet channel on 3 side

of Nero L. (r, If in colonies). Our collection (Haras and Sky

'^30482) represents the first record of this species in Saskatchewan.

Soarganium ainiaum (Hartm.) 7rie3 "Small 3ureed". Submerged or :

floating-leaved to somewhat emergent aquatic perennial forbs in

shallow vater to l/2(-l) m depths in small ponds and slow streams, or stranded on wet shores (o-ff, la in colonies). In Gunnar Main

Tailings aquatic in ponds (o). In small pond at Cornwall Bay

(Raup 1936).

Sparsanium multipedunculatum (Morong) Rydberg. "Many-stalked

Burreed". Floating-leaved aquatic perennial forbs in shallow

water and 3tranded on mud-flac beaches at Langley 3ay (o, 1c) and

in creek through tailings (o, If).

9. FAMILY NAJADACEAE (Pondweed Fam.):

Potamogeton alpinus Balbis [includ. var. tenuifolius (Raf.) Ogdeu; var.

subellipticus (Fern.) Ogden]. "Northern Pondweed". Submerged

• shallow-water aquatic perennial forbs with floating leaves in

ponds, slow streams and protected lake margins at Jean L., Keddy

Bay of Beaverlodge L., and Langley Bay (vo, lf-c). In Gunnar

Langley 3ay Tailings creek (o, If);' in roadside gravel borrow-pit

ponds (lf-c). Ponds and small streams at Cornwall 3ay (Raup 1936).

Potamogeton filiforais Pers. "Thread-like Pondweed". Submerged

• shallow-water aquatic forbs in Crackingstone R. and other slow

streams (vo, lc-a). In central craek and small ponds of Gunnar

Langley Bay Tailings (ff, la).

Potamogeton faliosus Raf. Submerged shallow-water aquatic forbs in

sedge-fen ponds in Crackingstone R. valley (o, If). In small

beach ponds of Gunnar Langley 3ay Tailings (If) .

Potamogeton friesii Rupr. Submerged shallow-water aquatic forbs in

quiet water below rapids in Crackingstone R. (vo, If). 56

Potamoqeton jraTnineus L. "Grass-leaved Pondweed" . Submerged or

floating-leaved aquatic perennial forbs in quiet lake bays and

streams (vo, If).

Potamoqeton obtusifolius Mert. & Koch "Blunt-leaved Pondweed".

Submerged aquatic forbs reported by Raup (1936) from a small pond

at Cornwall Bay, but voucher specimen is missing and the report

needs verification. On Sask. rare plants list.

Potamogeton pectinatus L. "Fennel-leaved Pondweed". Submerged

aquatic perennial forbs in small pond at Cornwall 3ay (Raup 1936).

Potamogeton pusillus L. [includ. var. mucronatus (Fiaber) Graebn.;

P_. berchtoldii Fieber] "Small Pondweed". Submerged shallow-

water aquatic perennial forbs in small beach ponds and central

creek through Gunnar Langley Bay Tailings (o, lc). In small pond

at Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936).

Potamogeton richardsonii (A. 3enn.) Rydb. [?_. oerfoliatus L. ssp.

richardsonii (Benn.) Hulten] "Clasping-leaved or Richardson's

Pondweed". Submerged shallow-water aquatic in slow streams and'

protected lake bays (o, lff-c in colonies). In central creek

through Gunnar Langlay Bay Tailings (ff, 1c). In streams and

small ponds at Chariot Pt. and Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936).

10. FAMILY SCHEUCHZSRIACEAE (Arrow-grass Fam.):

Triglochin maritima L. "Seaside Arrow-Grass". Perennial tufted

forbs in calcareous muskegs at Chariot R. (Raup 19 36) .

Triglochin oalustris L. "Marsh Arrow-Grass". Perennial "uftsd forbs

on moi-wec mud-flats in Gunnar Main and Central Tailings (ff, la),

and Langley 3ay Tailings (o, lc). +* 57

11. FAMILY ALISMACEAE (Arrowhead Fam.):

Sagittaria cuneata Sheldon. "Arum-leaved Arrowhead". Perennial

shallow-water emergent aquatic forbs, often with floating leaves,

near shores of lakes and streams (o, Iff-f).

12. FAMILY GBAMINEAE (Grass Fam.):

Agrooyron trachycaulum (Link) Malta var. crachycaulum [includ. ?ar.

latiglume Beetle; var. novae-angliae (Scribn.) Fern.; var. aiajus

(Vasey) Fern.; A_. pauciflorum (Schwein.) Hicchc. ] "Slender or

Western Wheatgrass". Tufted perennial graminoids in dry open

clearings, often on chin soil covering rock-outcrops, open or

under semi-open jP & jP-cA (ff, If). In Lorado Mill Nero L.

Tailings on mes-moi borders Co bS, bS-gA-W and gA-W woods (o-ff,

If), and on drier looser substrata (o, Iff); on Gunnar Main,

Central and Langley .3ay Tailings on moi borders co bS and gA-W

(cA) woods (o) and on tnoi-wec lower mud-flats and drainages (o) ;

at Cenex Mine waste-rock piles between rocks and on outwash

bases (ff) ; at Cenex Mine and Gunnar Mine and Mill old disturbed

sites (o-ff, If); in most other dry-mes disturbed clearings and

roadsides (o-ff, If). At Cornwall Bay and hills s of Wabba L.

(Raup 1936). **

AgropyTon crachycaulum (Link). Malte var. unilaterale (Cass.) Malce

[includ. var. glaucum (Pease & Moore) Malta; A_. andinum (Scribn. &

Smith) Rydb. ; A_. subsecundum Link (Hicchc.)] "Awned Wheatgrass".

Tufted perennial graminoids in dry-fr open clearings or semi-open

jp, tA and jP-cA(-wB) woods, especially .on rock-outcroos (ff, If);

openings in dry-aies bS woods (vo-o, Iff); open or semi-open bS-

wB-rA wooded dry-mes nonpeaty stream banks (o, iff). Ac Lorario 58

Mill Nero L. Tailings on drier looser tailings (o, Iff); ac

Gunnar Main and Central Tailings on dry open loose sandy substrata

(vo-o); at Lorado Nero L. Mill, Lorado Mine, Cenex Mine, Cayzor-

Achabasca Mine and Gunnar Mine and Mill dry-mas old-disturbed

sites (ff, If); in other dry-mes disturbed clearings and roadsides

(o-ff). On sandy beaches and thin soil on granite hills at

Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936). **

Agroscis borealis Harem. "Northern 3ent Grass". Tufted perennial

graminoid on rocky point at Black Bay (Raup 1936) .

Agroscis scabra Willd. "Rough Hair-grass". Tufted perennial

graminoid on rocky, sandy or clayey lake beaches (ff-f) ; on

moi-wet semi-open and open marshy stream shores and sphagnacaous

small drainages (ff, If); on open or light jP-cA, tA(-wB)-wooded

rock-outcrops (ff, If); in sedge fens, especially along drainage

channels (o, Iff). In Lorado Nero L. Tailings on aioi border to

marshy drainage at s side (ff) , on moi mud-flats (o, Iff) and

dry looser substrate (o, Iff); at Gunnar Main, Central and

Langley Bay Tailings on (mes-) rnoi (-wet) mud-flats and sandy

flats (o-ff, Iff-f), on mes-moi borders to bS and gA(-rA)-W(-tA)

woods; at Lorado, Gunnar, Cenex and Cayzor-Athabasca Mines on

waste-rock piles, edges and bases (o-ff, Iff-f-c); in other aes-

aioi disturbed clearings and roadside ditches (ff) . At Cornwall

3ay (Raup 1936).**

Alopecurus aequali3 Sobal. "Short-awned or water "oxtail".

Rhi2omatous perennial graminoids on wet open shorelines of lakes,

ponds and streams (o-ff, Iff-f) ; On shores of central orsek

through Gunnar Langley Bay Tailings; on pond shorelines of gravel- 59

Beckmannia svzigachne (Steud.) Farn. "Slough Grass". Tufted

perennial graminoids on moi-wet rocky and clay-flac lake beaches,

and open scream shores (o). In Gunnar Langley Bay Tailings along

shores of central creek and moi-wet silty beach-flat substrate

(o, la); on wee disturbed shores and edges of roadside ditch

ponds (vo, Iff). Graminoid on wet pond margins and sloughs on n

shore of Ellis Bay (Raup 1936).

Bromus inermis Leyss. "Smooth or Awnless Brome-grass". Rhizomatous

perennial graminoids in open disturbed clearings of Gunnar and

Cayzor-Athabasca Mine operation sites (o, Iff-f) ; on roadsides

and other disturbed open areas (o, If). *

Bromus punroellianus Scribn. [3_. inermis ssp. pumpellianus (Scribn.)

Wagnon.] "'Northern Brome-grass". Rhizomatous perennial graminoids

in open sandy or rocky 3ites, on stream banks and roadsides (vo,

Iff) . **

Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) Beauv. [includ. var. macoaniana

(Vasey) Stebbins; var. robusta Vasey, var. 3cabra (Kunth) A.S.

Hitchc] "Blue Joint". Rhizomatous perennial graminoids on moi-

wet, i marshy, open lake and scream shores and open flood plains

(ff, la & d), sedge fens (ff, la & d), and small mossy open

drainages (f); in small clearings and semi-open mes-moi bS and

moi-wet bS-tL(-wB) woods (ff, If). In Lorado Nero L. Tailings on

moi borders to bS & gA-W woods (o, lc) and on gravelly ridges (0,

Iff); in Gunnar Main, Central and Langley 3ay Tailings on aoi

borders to bS, ba-gA-w, and gA(-rA)-W-tA woods (ff, If), on aoi-wet

mud-flats and drainages (o-ff, If & d) , on gravelly ridges (0, Iff),

and 3ies-tnoi sand-flats (ff, 1: i d) ; in gravelly depressions 50

between rocks and rubbly outvash bases of Gunnar, Lorado, Canex

and Cayzor-Athabasca Mine waste-rock piles (o-ff, If); at Lorado,

Cenex and Cayzor-Athabasca Mine Sices in moi open old-discurbed

areas (o, lc). ***

Calamagrostis inexpansa A. Gray [C_. neglecta var. inexpansa (Gray)

M.E. Jones] "Northern Reed Grass". Rhizomacous perennial

graminoid on moi-wet open or semi-open gA-W shrub , bS and wB-bS-

rA-W wooded shores (ff, lf-c) ; in setni-open mes-moi lowland flat

bS woods (ff), along wee open mossy drainages (ff, If); on open

or semi-open rock-outcrop n slopes (o). In Lorado Nero L.

Tailings on moi borders to bS and gA-W woods (ff, If), on moi

edge Co marshy drainage (ff) , and on dry looser'substrate (o-ff,

lc); in Gunnar Main, Central and Langley Bay Tailings on moi borders

to bS, gA-W-bS and rA-W (-CA) woods (o-ff, lff-f) and on moi-wet

lower mud-flats and drainages (o-ff, lc S d); at Gunnar Mine/Mill,

and Canex and Cayzor-Achabasca Mine Operation sices in disturbed

op.en areas (o, If). At Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936). **

Calamagrostis laooonica (Wahl.) Hartm. "Lapland Reed Grass".

Loosely tufted graminoids in Gunnar Langley 3ay Tailings towards

w edge bordering rA-W-cA woods (vo). On Sask. rare plants list.

Calamagroscis neglecta (Ehrh.) Gaertn., Mey. & Scherb. [includ.

var. micrancha (Kearney) Scebbins; var. borealis (Laest.)

Kearney; C. stricta 3sp. neglecta (Gray) C.W. Greene] "Narrow

Reed Grass". Rhizomatous perennial gramir.oids on open or shrubby

rocky or silcy lake and stream shores (o-ff); in lowland rA(-gA)-w

thickets (o-ff); in bS voods (ff); on drv-frtopen or semi-open,

jF-wooded,ridge summits and upper slopes (o-ff,as scattered 61

vegetative plants). In Gunnar Langley 3ay Tailings on noi-wee

silty beach flat (if); at Lorado, Cenex, and Cayzor-Athabasca

Mines in gravelly depressions between rocks and r.ubbly outwash

bases of waste-rock piles (vo-ff, If); at Lorado Nero L. Mill and

Lorado, Cenex and Cayzor-Athabasca Mine sicas on mes-moi old-

disturbed open areas (o, If). •*

Calamagrostis puraurascens R. Br. "Purple Reed-gras&". Tuftad

perennial graminoids on rock-outcrop slopes, open or under semi-

open tA-jP, jP-wB-bS and jP woods (o, If). At Chariot Pt. and

Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936). On Sask. rare plants list.

Danthonia soicaea (L.) 3eauv. "Poverty Oat-grass". Tufted

perennial graminoids on rocky hills at Cornwall 3ay (Raup 1936).

Deschampsia caesPitosa (L.) Beauv. "Tufted Hair-grass". Tufted

perennial graminoids on moi-wet, open, clayey, sandy or rocky

beaches of main lake at Lodge 3ay, Langley 3ay and Gunnar (ff,

If). In Gunnax Langley 3ay Tailings on moi-wet silty beach flats

(f, la & d), and on moi-wet mudflats and drainages (If & d). At

Ellis Bay, Chariot Pc. and Cornwall 3ay (Raup 19 36). *

Deschampsia mackenzieana Raup . [p_. caesoitosa var. aackenzieana

(Raup) Boivin] "Mackenzie Hair-grass". Tufcad perennial

graminoids in Gunnar Langley Bay Tailings on moi-vet silty beach

flat (Iff) ; at Gunnar Mine/Mill sice on disturbed sandy beach

near wharf and flooded old pit-mine (o). On Sask. rare plants

list. First report from other than the L. Athabasca south

shore dune area. ** 62

Hlymus arenarius L. ssp . mollis (Triti.) Huit. [luclud, var. villosus

Mey.; var. villosissimus (Scribn.) Folunia; _E. mollis Irin.]

"Sea Lyme Grass". Rhizomatous perennial graminoids on lake sand-

beaches ac Ellis Bay (Raup 1936). Limited distribution in province

should probably make it a candidate for Sask. rare plants list, **

Festuca brachyphylla Schultes. [F_. ovina var. brachyphylla

(Schultes) Piper; (?) f_. brevifolia R.3. ] "Alpine or Short-leaved

Fescue". Tufted perennials on oren rock-outcrops above Martin L.

at Uranium City (vo). In rock crevices on small island 2 mi. Ξ.

of Crackingstone Pt. (Raup 1936). On Sask. rare plants list.

Festuca rubra L. sensu lat. [includ. var. commutata Gand; var.

arenaria (Osbeck) Fries; var. glabrata Huit.] "Red Fescue".

Loosely tufted perennial gramino'ids on Lorado Mero L. Tailings on

drier looser substrate toward n-nw margins (o, Iff). **

Festuca saximontana Rydb. [J_. ovina var. saxiaontana (Rydb.)

Gleason] "Rocky Mtn. Fescue". Tufted perennial graminoids on

dry thin soil on rock-outcrops, open or under semi-open dry jP,

tA-jP(-wB), tA and wB-tA(-bS) woods (£). In Lorado Nero L.

Tailings on dry looser-substrate (o, Iff); in gravelly depressions

and between rocks of Gunnar and Lorado Mine waste-rock piles (ff,

If); in open dry old-disturbed areas of Gunnar Mine/Mill and

Lorado and Cenex Mine operations sites (o-ff, If). ** 63

Glvcarla borealis (Nash) Batch. "Northern Manna Grass". Perennial shallow-water emergent aquatic with floating leaves near laka and pond shores (o, If). In Gunnar Langley Bay Tailings on mai-wet beach flat tailings (f, lc) ; in small roadside gravel borrow-pit ponds (lc).

Glyceria grandis S. Wats. "Tall Manna Grass" Turned perennial granmoids on rocky shorelines of Crackingstone R. (ff), and nai- ve t mud-flac beach shoreline at Lodge Bay (o, If).

Glycsria c.f. striata (Lam.) Hitchc. "Fowl Manna Grass". Perennial ± tufted graminoids in Gunnar Main Tailings on tnoi-wet lower mud- flats and drainages (o, lc,of small seedlings forming dense mats). In thicket at Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936).

Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv. "Sweec Grass". Rhizomatous perennial graminoids on mas-moi, open or ± shrubby lake shores (o, lff-f); on high open, rock-cliff above beach at Lodge 3ay (o). At Gunnar Mine site at edge of abandoned water-filled mine pit (o, Iff).

Hordeum jubatua L. "7ox-tail Barley; Wild or Squirrel-tail Barley". Tufted perennial graminoids in open, dry-mes (-moi), sandy or gravelly, disturbed waste-places. In Lorado Nero L. Tailings on dry loose substrate and gravelly rises (ff, Ic & d), on moi mud- flats (o), and mes-moi borders to bS and gA-W woods (ff); at Gunnar Main, Central and Langley 3ay Tailings on dry, loose-sandy substrate (ff & d), on mes-moi tighter sandy flats (ff, If), on moi-wec cud-flats (ff & d), and moi-wet silcy beach (f); in gravelly depressions and between rocks and on rubbly base of Gunnar, Cenex and Cayzor-Athabasca Mine waste-rock piles (o); in roadside and other disturbed clearings (ff). Its present restriction to human-disturbed sites and lack of early collections suggest that this species represents an introduced weedy plant in the Uranium City area although apparently native farther south- **

Orvaoosis pungens (Torr.) Hitchc. "Slender Mountain Rice". Tufted perennial graminoids on dry, open, rock-outcrop slopes or under semi-open jP, tA, tA-jP, tA-wB(-bS) wooded ridges (ff, If). Between rocks and in gravelly depressions of Cenex Mine waste- rock piles (o). In dry woods at Ellis and Cornwall 3ays (Raup 1936). *

Poa alpjgena CFr.) Lindm. [P_. oratensis L. var. alaigena Fries] "Alpine-Meadow Blue Grass". Rhizomatous perennial graminoids in moi sphagnaceous ravine valley in semi-open tL-bS(-wB) woods at

Jean L. (voT Iff).

Poa alpina L. "Alpine Blue Grass" Tufted perennial graminoids in semi-open wB—tA woods on rock-outcrop ridge at Lorado (vo, If). At Chariot Pt. (Raup 1936). On Sask. rare plants list.

Poa glauca Vahl. "Glaucous Blue Grass". Tufted perennial graminoids on dry thin soil on open rock-outcrop ridges (ff, If), ia dry-fr. semi-open jP and tA-jP(-wB) woods on ridge slopes (ff, If), and on open sandy and clayey lake beaches ;o). In Lorado Mero L. Tailings on dry looser substrate (ff); in Gunnar Langley 3ay Tailings

on moi-wec silcy beach flat (o); between rocks and in gravelly

depressions of Gunnar Mine waste-rock, pile (ff). At Ellis 3ay,

31ack Bay, Wabba L.' and Cornwall 3ay (Raup 1936) .

Poa interior Rydb. [P_. nemoralis var. interior (Rydb.) Butters &

Abbe] "Inland Blue Grass". Tufted perennial graminoid on dry

rock-outcrop ridge summit and se slope with jP-tA woods at

Uranium City. On Lorado Mine wasta-rock pile in gravelly

depressions and between rocks (o). *

Poa palustris L. "'Fowl or Marsh Blue-grass". Tufted but :

stoloniferous perennial graminoids in fr-aoi, semi-open bS woods

(o-ff); in (bS)-rA-W, bS, wB-bS(-wS)-rA shore woods (ff); in moi-

wet tL-bS(-wB) lowland woods (ff, If); on open and shrubby lake

shores (ff) ; among rock-outcrops in (dry-)fr-mes upland ridge bS,

wS-tA and wS-tA-wB woods (ff, If). In Lorado Nero L. Tailings on

dry looser substrate (ff) ; on and around Lorado, Gunnar and

Cayzor-Athabasca Mine waste-rock piles (o-ff, If); in moi-wec

roadside ditches and other moi disturbed sices (o-ff). *

Poa oratensis L. [P_. agassizensis Boivin & D. Love] "Meadow or

Kentucky Blue-grass". Rhizomatous perennial graminoids on dry

semi-open jP and jP-cA woods on rock-outcrop ridges (o, If).

On dry open old-disturbed area at Gunnar Mine/Mill site (o, If).

At mouth of Chariot R. (Raup 1936). **

Poasandbergii Vasey [P_. buckle an a >Tash; J_. secunda aucc, not. Presl.

P. scabrella auct.,not (Thurb.) 3enth.j "Sandberg'sor Pine Slue-

grass". Tufted perennial graminoid on hillside of conglomerate

rock at Chariot ?t. (Raup 1936) . 66

Puccinellia di3tans (L.) ?arl. "Lax Alkali-grass". Tuftad

perennial graminoids in Gunnar Main Tailings on dry open loose-

sandy substrate (ff); in Gannar Langley Bay Tailings on moi-wet

silty beach-flat; on gravelly outwash base of Cenex Mine waste-

rock pile at Cinch L. (Iff); in open disturbed gravelly parts of

Cenex Mine operations site (o-ff) . At all 3 localities where

found, this species seems intermixed and intergrading with the

next. **

Puccinellia interior Th• Soer. "Inland Alkali-grass". Tufted

perennial graminoids occuring and apparently intergrading with the

above species at all 3 localities where found in region. **

Puccinellia nuttalliana (Nutt.) Wats. 5. Coult. ."Nuttall's Alkali-

grass". Tufted perennial graminoids occurring in a natural

habitat only at Langley 3ay on open r.lay-beach (but this near

Tailings area). In Gunnar Main, Central and Langley Bay Tailings

on mes-moist (-wet) mud-flats, drainagesand beach-flats (ff, lf-c

& d) , on drier looser sandy substrate (f f id), on aies-moi tighter

sandy flats (ff & d), on mes-moi borders to bS and gA(-rA)-W(-wa)

(-bS) woods in gravelly depressions among rocks of Gunnar Mine waste-

rock piles (ff). *•*

Schizachne purpurascens (Torr.) 5wallon. "Purple Oat-grass".

Loosely tufted perennial graminoids in fr-nes tA, cA-wB-jP and

wB-bS-gA-W woods on rock-outcrop ridges (o, If). At Ellis 3ay,

Chariot ?t. and Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936). 67

Trisetum soicatum (L.) Richter [includ. var. tnolle (Michx.) 3eal]

"Spike Trisetum". Perannial graminoids in (dry-) fr-tnes semi-

open tA, tA-jP(-wB) and bS woods and edges of clearings (o, lf-c) .

Ac Gunnar Mine/Mill, Lorado Mine Barracks and Canex Mine sites

at edges of old-disturbed clearings (vo, If); at edges of road-

sides and other disturbed clearings (o, If). On sandy beaches

and shore rock crevices at Chariot Pt., Ellis 3ay, 31ack 3ay and

Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936). On Sask. rare plant list. •

13. FAMILY CYPEBACEAE (Sedge Fam.):

Carex abdita Bickn. [£. umbellata var. brevirostris 3ooct; £.

umbellata auct. not Schkur). "Hidden Sedge". Rhizomatous

perennial graminoids in dry gravelly disturbed clearing at Cenex

Mine operations site (Iff).

Carex aenea Fern. "Hay Sedge". Tufted perennial graminoids on thin

dry soil on rock-outcrops, open or under sparse j? and jP-tA woods

(ff); in dry sandy natural clearings (o-ff). In Lorado Nero L.

Tailings on dry looser substrate (vo); on Lorado and Cenex Mine

waste-rock piles in gravelly depressions and between rocke (if);

in various dry sandy disturbed clearings and road-sides (ff). At

Ellis Bay and Chariot Pt. (Raup 1936).*

Carex aauatilis Wahl. "Water Sedge". Rhizomatous perennial

graminoids on aiarshy and rA-W shrubby lake, pond and stream shores

(ff, lc & a).; in moi-wet semi-open bS and bS-tL woods (ff, If);

along open wet aossy drainage channels (ff, If); in wee sedge fens

(f); emergent marsh aquatic near shores (ff, 1c & d). In Lorado

Mero L. Tailings on aoi borders co bS and zA-w(-bS) woods fff), on

moi-wet aud-rlats (ff, If), borders coward aarshy drainage •.::';, 68

emergent shallow-water aquatics in ponds and on we: edges (fr, lf-

c & d), and on gravelly rises (o); in Gunnar Main, Central and

Langley Bay Tailings on moi-wet mud-flats and drainages (o-ff, lf-

c id), on mes-moi borders Co bS and gA-W(-bS)(-tA) woods (ff, If),

emergent shallow-water aquatics in ponds and edges (ff-f, If-a & d),

and central creek through Langley Bay Tailings (ff) , in latter on

mes-moi sandy flats and silty beach flat3 (ff); at moi bases of

Cenex, Lorado and Cayzor-Axhabasca Mine waste-rock piles (o, 1 ff-f);

emergents in, and on edges of, road-side ditches (o, If); on

various other moi 'disturbed' 3ites (o). On sandy and marshy

shores at Chariot R. mouth and small pond at Cornwall 3ay (Raup

1936). **

Carex atherodes Spreng. "Awned Sedge". Rhizomatous perennial

graminoids in Gunnar Langley Say Tailings on noi-wet silcy beach-

flat (vo, lc). **

Carex brunnescens (Pers.) Poir. "3rownish Sedge". Tufted perennial

graminoid on dried mud-flac below Cenex Mine waste-rock pile (vo).

Carex buxbaumii Wafal. "Brown Sedge". Shizomatous perennial

graminoids in damp, crevices and sandy shores at CamselL Portage

and Chariot R. mouth (Raup 1936) .

Carex canescens L. [includ. var. subloliacea Laestad.] "Hoary

Sedge". Tufted perennial gramincids along moi-wet mossy, small

drainage channels, open or semi-open under thin gA(-rA)-W(-wB)

and bS woods (ff, If); moi-wet lake and stream shores, = open

or under, light vB-bS (-«S)-rA shore woods (ff, If); in lake-

shore drowned-ouc bS aarsh (f); in vet sedge-fan (ff, If). In 69

lurado Nero L. Tailings as emergent aquatics in ponds (ff), on moi

salt-encrusted mud-flats (o, If), on moi lake beach mud-flats and

moi borders toward marshy drainage at s end (ff, lc); at wet

marshy base of Cayzor-Athabasca Mine waste-rock pile (ff, lc) . At

muskeg pond margins at mouth of Chariot R. and Corvnall Bay

(Raup 1936). *

Carex capillaris L. "Hair-like Sedge". Tufted perennial graminoids

in muskeg thickets and damp crevicas at Camsell Portage and Chariot

Pt. (Raup 1936).

Carex chordorhiza L.f. "Prostrate Sedge". Tufted perennial

graminoids in wet muskegs or wet mossy rock crevices at Cornwall

Bay (Raup 1936).

Carex conciuna R. 3r. "Elegant Sedge". Perennial graminoids in

muskeg thickets or damp crevices at Chariot Pt., Ellis 3ay, and

Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936).

Carex crawfordii Fern. "Crawford's Sedge". Tufted perennial

graminoids on natural silcy lake beach at Langley 3ay (o). In

Gunnar Langley 3ay Tailings on moi-wet silcy beach (ff, If) and

on moi-wet mud-flats (o); revegetating on old-disturbed Gunnar

Mine/Mill operations site and village (o). This and a previous

Cluff L. collection represent significant northward, extensions

of the known range in Saskatchewan of this species. *

Carex deflexa Hornem. "Deflexed Sedge". Perennial graminoids tufted

from rhizomes in dry-fr semi-open wB-cA(-bS), j?-cA, and bS woods

on thin soil on rock-outcrops (ff); on open rock outcrops (o); at

edges of dry-mes disturbed clearings at Lorado and Cer.ex Mine 70

operations sites (ff); in other dry disturbed clearings (o). In dry rock crevices and gravelly or 3andy shores at Chariot Is., Camsell Portage, Cornwall Bay and Wabba L. (Raup 1936).

Carex diandra Schrank. "Two-stamened Sedge". Tufted perennial graminoids, sometimes emergent aquatics, in moi-wet 3hore sedge- fens (ff, If), marshy open or semi-shrubby stream shores (ff, If), and borders of inland sedge-fen ponds (f). In Lorado Nero L. Tailings on moi borders toward marshy drainages (o, lc). On muskeg pond margins at Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936).

Carex disoerma Dewey "Soft-leaved Sedge". Rhizomatous perennial graminoids in mes-tnoi shore-edge w3-bS(-wS)-rA-W woods (f, la & d); in wet mossy small drainages in semi-open bS woods (f, lc); in (mes-) moi-wec bS woods and bS treed bogs (ff, lf-c). Mear mouth of Chariot R. (Raup 1936).

Carex eburnea 3oott. "Bristle-leaved Sedge". Small perennial calcareous graminoids, tufted from slender rhizomes, on dolomite hills ae of Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936).

Carex glacialis Mack. [includ. var. terra-novae (Farn.) 3oiv.] "Glacier Sedge". Small, arctic, tufted perennial, calcareous graminoids on high dry dolomitic rock ledges in hills, ne of Cornwall 3ay (Raup 1936). On Sask. rare plants list.

Carex gynocrates Wormskj. "Northern 3og Sedge". Rhizomatous mat- forming perennial graminoids in mossy muskeg woods or thickets at mouth of Chariot R. (Raup 1936) . 71

Carex lasiocarpa Ehrh. "Hairy-fruited Sedge". Perennial graminoids,

tufted from rhizomes, on. ± marshy shoreline of Crackingstone R

below Cinch L. (vo, la).

Carex lenticularis Michx. "Lens-shaped Sedge". Tufted perennial

graminoids on open moi-wet shoreline of silt-beach at Langley

Bay (o) . In Gunnar Langley Bay Tailings on moi-wet silcy beach

flat (o).

Carex loliacea L. "Rye-grass Sedge". Loosely cufcad perennial

graminoids in muskeg N. of Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936).

Carex magellanica Lam, var. irTigua (Wahl.) 3.S.?. [C_. paupercula

Michx.] "Bog Sedge". Loosely tufted perennial graminoids in moi-

v. wet tL-bS and bS treed bogs (o-ff); in moi-wet semi-open bS

lowland woods (o, Iff); in wB-bS-gA-W at moi bases of rock,

outcrops (Iff) ; in lake-shore sedge fens and W thickets (ff).

Carex norvegica Retz. [C_. vahlii Schkuhr.; C_. alaina Sw. , not

Schank; C_. media R. Br.; C_. vahlii var. infer alp ina (Wahl.) Fern.]

"Alpine or Norway Sedge". In muskeg thickets at Camsell Portage,

mouth of Chariot R. and Ellis 3ay (Raup 1936) .

Carex oederi Retz. var. viridula Michx. [indud. var. sumila

(Cosson & Germ.) Fern.; C_. viridula (Michx.) Kuek.] "Green Sedge".

Small tufted perennial graminoids on tnoi-wet open silty beach at

Langley Bay (ff, If); in broad moi silty beach-meadow at Lodge

3ay (f). In Gunnar Langley 3ay Tailings on moi-wet silty beach-

flat (ff, If), on rocky point at nw 3lack 3ay (Raup 1926). 72

Car ex peckii Howe [C_. nigromarginata var. alllptica (3ooct.)

Gleasoti] "Peck's Sedge". Perennial graminoids loosely tufted

from short rhizomes in semi-open wB-bS-gA-W woods with rock-

outcrops (vo, If). The present collection represents a significant

over 450 km extension of the known range of chis sedge in

Saskatchewan.

Carex rostrata Stokes "Beaked Sedge". Rhizomatous perennial

graminoids on marshy stream, pond and lake shores as emergent

3hallow-water aquatics and on wet shores (o, la & d); on aoi-

wet, silty, lower lake beach (ff, lc). In Gunnar Main Tailings

in ponds- and edges (o, lc & d) ; in Gunnar Langley Bay Tailings

on moi-wet silty beach-flat (o, la). In pond at Cornwall 3ay

(Raup 1936). *

Carex saxatilis L. [includ. var. miliarts (Michx.) Bailey; var.

major Olney; var. rhomalea Fern.; C_. ohysocaroa Presl.1 "Bubble

or Rocky-ground Sedge". Rhizomatous perennial graminoids in damp

shore rock-crevices on small island 2 mi. E. of Crackingstone Pt.

(Raup 1936).

Carex 3cin>oidea (Michx.) [includ. var. scirpiformis (Mack.)

O'Neill & Duman] "Bulrush-like Sedge". Rhizomatous perennial

graminoids in muskegs and dolomicic rocky crevices and slopes at

Cornwall 3ay (Raup 1936).

Carex 3iccata Dewey [£.' foenea Willd.] "Dry Spiked or Hay Sedge".

Rhizomatous perennial graminoids on sandy beach at Gunnar (o).

In Lorado Nero L. Tailings on dry loose wind-driftad substrate

(vo) ; in open, dry, sandy or gravelly, old-disturbed clearings

of Lorado Nero L. Mill, and Lorado and Cenex Mine operations sices 73

(o-ff). On sandy shores and dry woods ac Ellis Bay, mouth of

Chariot R., and Cornwall 3ay (Raup 1936).

Carex supina Wahl. ssp. spaniocarpa (Sceud.) Hulcen. "Weak Arctic

Sedge". Perennial arctic graminoids, tufted from creeping

rhizomes, on exposed rocky or sandy slopes at Chariot Pt. and

Wabba L. (Raup 1936). On Sask. rare plants list.

Carex tenuiflora Wahl. "Sparse-flowered Sedge". Perennial

graminoids, loosely tufted from slender rhizomes, in moi-v. wet,

boggy, semi-open bS woods n of Hero.L. (o, lc). In damp rock

crevices and muskegs at mouth of Chariot R. and nw Black Bay

(Raup 1936).

Carex tonsa (Fern.) Bickn. [C_. umbellata var. tons a Fern.] "Deep

Green or Bald Sedge". Tufted perennial graminoids in dry jP woods

on rock-outcrops at Lorado and Cinch L. (o). On rubbly base of

Lorado Mine waste-rock pile (o); revegetating dry, gravelly,

old-disturbed clearings of Cenex and Lorado Mine operations sites

(o-ff). This represents a small n range extension from the L.

Athabasca s shore. *

Carex vaginata Tausch. [C_. salcuensis Bailey] "Sheathed Sedge".

Rhizomatous perennial graminoids in muskeg thickets at mouth of

Chariot R., Wabba L., and Cornwall 3ay (Raup 1936).

Eleocharis acicularis (L.) Roem. and Schult. "Needle Spike-rush".

Rhizomatous perennial graminoids at wet shorelines of sandy and

silcy open lake beaches and beach-flat aeadows (ff, la & d,

forming carpets) ; edgas of small ponds (lc). In Gunnar Main and

Langley 3ay. Tailings as aquatics in. ponds and edges (o, la), and

aoi-'jet silty beach-flats in latter (ff, la); at vet edges of roadside ditch and gravel-borrow pic ponds (ft, la).

Eleocharis oalustris (L.) Roem. and Schult. [includ. E_. macroscachya Britt.] "Creeping Spike-rush". Rhizomatous, perennial graminoids as emergent aquatics and at edges of sedge-fen ponds (f, lc & d), marshy lake and stream shores (ff, lc & d), and open silcy or sandy beaches (ff, la). In Gunnar Main Tailings as aquatics in ponds and at edges (Ef, la); in Gunnar Langley Say Tailings on moi-wet silty beach-flats (ff, lc), and as aquatics ac edges of central creek (ff , la); in gravel-borrow pit and roadside ditch ponds (ff, lc & d). On marshy shores of pond at Cornwall 3ay (Raup 1936). **

Eleocharis quinaueflora (Hartm.) Schwartz {E_. pauciflora (Lightf.) Link, includ. var fernaldii Svenson and var. suksdorfiana (3eauv.) Svenson; Scirpus pauciflorus Lightf.] "Tew-flowered Spikerush". Rhizomatous perennial graminoids in Gunnar Main Tailings at aioi mud-flat edges of cattail-sedge marsh ponds (o, la). *

Erioohorum anguscifolium Honck. "Tall or Marrow-leaved Cottongrass". Stout perennial graminoids in muskeg at mouth of Chariot R. (Raup 1936).

Eriophorum brachyantherum Trautv. [E_. opacum (3jo"rnstr.) Fern.] "Close-aheathed Cottongrass". Tufted perennial graminoids on moi- v. wet,open, i marshy lake and stream shores (ff, If), in moi-wet, small, mossy drainage channels in semi-open bS-« woods (If) . In Lorado Nero L. Tailings on moi borders to bS and gA-w woods (ff); aoi cleared mud-flat drainages below Cenex Mine old-disturbed sica (o); in wet roadside ditches (vo). In muskegs at Cornwall 3ay and mouth of Chariot R. (Raup 1936). * 75

£rioohorum chamissonis CA. Mey. var. albidum (Nyl.) Farn. [E_.

•Fries} "Chamisso's Cotton-grass". Tufted perennial

graminoids as emergent shallow-water aquatics at sedge-marshy

stream edges (ff, If).

Scirpus cyperinus L. [S_. atrocinctus Fern.] "Wool-grass". Tuf tad

perennial graminoids along wet small channels in now-dried sedge-

meadow beach flat (o, Iff); in moi-wet open mossy small drainages

(o, Iff); on small sedge-fen pond margins (ff) ; on wet sedge-

marshy lake and stream shorelines (o, Iff). In Lorado Nero L.

Tailings on moi-border toward marshy small drainage (ο), and

aquatic on pond edges (ff); in Gunnar Main Tailings as emergent

aquatic at edges of ponds (ff); in Gonnar Central Tailings on moi

mud-flâts along drainages (o); in Gunnar Langley 3ay Tailings on

moi borders to rA-W(-tA) thickets (o); on edges or roadside ditch

and gravel-pit ponds (o, If). *

Scirpus hudsonianus (Michx.) Fern. [Erioohorum alpinum L.;

TrichoçhoTam alpinem (L.) stra·! "Hudson Bay Sulnish; Alpina

Cotton-grass". Perennial graminoids, tuftad from slender

rhizomes, in muskegs at Camsell Portage and mouth of Chariot R.

(Raup 1936).

Scirnus validus Vahl. "Great Bulrush". Stout, rhizomatous,

perennial graminoids, as emergent lake aquatics or on wee silty

shores (ff, lf-c in colonies). In Gunnar Main and Langley 3ay

Tailings as emergent aquatics in small ponds (o-ff, le î d) . ** 76

14. FAMILY ARACEAE (Arum Fam.):

Palla paluscris L. "Marsh Calla-lily". Emergent aquatic, perennial

forbs along shorelines of Crackingstone R. , other streams, lakes

and ponds (o, If).

15. FAMILY LEMNACEAE (Duckweed Fam.):

Lemna minor L. "Lasser Duckweed". Small floating aquatics in

muskeg pond n of Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936).

16. FAMILY JiraCACEAE (Rush Fam.):

Juncus alpinus Vill. [includ. var. rariflorus Hartai.; var.

fusees cans Fern.; ssp. nodulosus ; var. alpestris Hartai. ]

"Alpine or Richardson's Rush". Rhizomatous perennial graminoids

on wet marshy lake and pond shores, sedge-bordered small

drainages and wet" sedge-fans (ff, If-c); on sandy and silty lake

beaches and beach-meadows (ff, If). In Gunnar Main, Central and

Langley Bay Tailings on moi-wet mud-flats or silty beach-flats

(ff, lf-a); on roadside ditch and gravel borrow-pit pond edges

(ff, lf-c). **

Juncus balticus Willd. var. littoralis Engelm. [includ. var.

montanus Sngelm.; J_. arcticus ssp. ater (Rydb.) Hultan] "3altic

Rush". Rhi2omatous perennial graminoids noted only in moi-wec

open disturbed sites; in Gunnar Main Tailings on moi-wet lower

mud-flats, small drainages, and edges of cattail-marsh ponds (o,

lc); in moi gravelly old-distarbed Cayzor-Athabasca Mine operations

sita cowards shore of Jean L. (o). On muddy and sandy shores on "

shora of Ellis 3ay, Chariot R. mouth and Cornwall 3ay (Raup 19 36) . * 77

Juncus bufonius L. "Toad Rush". Tufced annual graminoids found in

natural habitat only at Langley Bay on open silty beach (ff, la

forming carpets).' In Lorado Nero L. Tailings on moi salt-encrustsd

mud-flats (o, la), and on gravelly rises (o, If); in Gunnar Main,

Central and Langley Bay Tailings on moi-wet mud-flats and along

small drainages and beach-flat (o-ff, la & d forming dense

carpets); wet shores of roadside ditch and gravel borrow-pit

ponds at Cinch L, and s of Uranium City (o, la).*

Juncus vaseyi Engalm. "Vasey's Rush". Perennial graminoid on

rocky point at Black Bay (Raup 1936).

17. FAMILY LILIACEAE (Lily Fam.):

Aliium schoenopraaum L. var. sibiricum (L.) Harrm. [A_. sibiricum L. ]

"Siberian Chives". Perennial forbs on damp sandy or gravelly

shores and rock crevices at Chariot Pt. (Raup 1936). '

Maianthemum canadense Desf. var. interius Fern. "Two-leaved

Solomon's Seal; False Lily-of-the Valley". Perennial forbs in

woods at Elliot Pt. (Raup 1936).

Smilacina trifolia (L.) Desf. "Three-leaved Solomon's Seal".

Perennial forbs on thick 3phagnum in bogs and wet drainages and

boggy areas in bS woods (If).

18. FAMILY IRIDACEAE (Iris Fam.):

Sisvrinchium aontanum Greene "Blue-eyed Grass" . Perennial rorbs

at Chariot Pt. (Raup 1936). 73

19. FAMILY ORCHIDACSAE (Orchid Fam.):

Calypso bulbosa (L.) Oakes "Venus' Slipper or Calypso Orchid". Perennial forbs of rich woods and thickets at Chariot Pt. (Raup 1936). On Sask. rare plants list.

Corallorhiza trifida Chac. "Early Coralroot". Perennial saprophytic forbs in rich woods and muskegs at Chariot ?t. and Cornwall 3ay (Raup 1936).

Croripedium calceolus L. var. parviflorum (Salisb.) Fern. "Small- flowered Yellow Lady Slipper.". Perennial forbs in moi rA-W-bS thicket along wet drainage at Martin L. (r).

Goodyera reoens (L.) R. Br. var. ophioides "em. "Lesser Rattle- snake Plantain". Perennial forbs at Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936).

Habenaria hvnerborea (L.) &• 3r. [Platanthera hyoerborea (L.) Lindl.] "Green-flowered 3og Orchid". Perennial forbs in moi- wet bS treed bogs and mossy drainages in bS woods (o) . In Gunnar Main Tailings on moi clay-flats edging cattail-sedge marsh ponds (vo, Iff). In muskeg nw of Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936).

Habenaria obtusata (Pursh) Richardson. [Platanthera obtusata (Pursh) Lindl.; Lysiella obtusata (Pursh) Rydb.] "Small Northern 3og Orchid". Perennial forbs in rich woods and muskegs at Chariot Pt. and w'abba L. (Raup 1936).

Orchis rotundifolia Pursh. "Round-leaved Orchis". Perennial forbs in muskeg aw of Cornwall Bay (Raup 19 36). 79

Soiranthes romanzoffiana Cham. "Hooded Ladies'-Tresses". Perennial

fleshy-rooced forbs along moi-wet, mossy, small, drainage channels,

open or under W-gA(-wB) thickets (o, Iff); in bS lowland woods

along moi drainages (o); in moi-wet bS creed bogs (o). In Lorado v Nero L. Tailings on tnoi borders toward marshy drainage (vo); in

Gunnar Main Tailings on tnoi-wet lower mud-flats near marshy ponds

(vo, If); in Gunnar Loradc Bay Tailings on borders co gA(-rA)-

W-cA woods (vo) ; on moi (-dry) mud-flats and near wooded borders

of old-disturbed clearings at Cenex Mine operations site (o);

on moi margins of roadside gravel borrow-pit ponds (o, If). In

timbered muskegs near Cornwall Bay (Raup L936). The Dicotyledons 20. FAMILY SALICACEAE (Willow Fam.):

Populus balsamifera L. "Balsam Poplar". Deciduous trees in lake

and stream shore cA and wB-wS woods (o," Iff-). In Gunnar'Main

Tailings on moi borders to bS woods and in drowned-out bS

"island" (o); on Gunnar Mine waste-rock pile (o, as small sprouts),

on shores of now-flooded Gunnar pit mine (ff). In river flood-

plains at Chariot Pt. (Raup 1936). *

Populus cremuloides Michx. "Trembling Aspen". Deciduous trees in

tA, jP-tA(-wB) , tA-bS(-wB) and tA-wS(-wB) woods mostly on ridge

summits and s slopes (f-c and d) , in mes-moi wB-wS(-bS)-rA-W

shore-edge woods (o-ff). As small sprouts or seedlings in

Gunnar Main Tailings on mes-moi, tighter, semi-vegetated, salt -

encrustad substrate (vo, If); in Gunnar Central and Langiey 3ay

Tailings on mes borders to gA-W-tA(-bS) woods (vo), in gravelly

depressions, between rocks and at bases of Lorado, Cenex, Caysor-

Athabasca and Gunnar Mine waste-rock oilss (oi; in old-disturbed 80

clearings of Gunnar Mine/Mill/Village, Lorado Nero L. Mill and

Lorado, Cenex and Cayzor-Athabasca Mine operations sites (o-ff) ;

on dry-mes roadsides and gravel borrow-pit and other disturbed

clearings (o-ff). *

Salix arbusculoides Anderss. "Little-tree Willow". Deciduous tall

shrubs or small trees in mes-moi lake and river shore shrub zones

and W thickets (f-a & d); in openings in moi bS woods (o, If).

In Lorado Nero L. Tailings on moi borders to bS and gA-W woods

and 3 edge toward marshy drainage (ff), on drier looser substrate

(o); in Gunnar Main, Central and Langley 3ay Tailings on mes-moi

borders to bS, gA-(rA-)W-(tA) woods (o-ff), on mes-moi tighter,

semi-vegetated, salt-encrusted substrates (o, If); in depressions

on(and at bases of, Gunnar, Lorado and Cayzor-Athabasca Mine

waste-rock piles (o, If); on moi edges of now-flooded Gunnar

pit-mine (f), and mes-moi areas of old-disturbed Gunnar Mine/

Mill/Village and Lorado Mine operations sites (ff, If); along

roadside ditches (o-ff). At Chariot Pt. (Raup 1936). This, with

S_. bebbiana and ^S_. glauca, seems one of the most common pioneer

colonizing willows in the study region.**

Salix bebbiana Sarg. "Beaked Willow". Deciduous tall shrubs or

3mall trees in mes-moi lake and river shore shrub zones and v

thickets (f-a & d); in river-edge wB-wS-(bS-)rA-W woods (ff);

in semi-open jP, jP-cA(-wB) and wS-wfl ridge woods (o, Iff). In

Lorado Nero L. Tailings on moi borders to bS and gA-W woods (o),

on gravelly raised areas (o); in Gunnar Main, Central and

Langley 3ay Tailings on mes-moi borders to bS and gA-(cA-)W-(bS-)

(tA-) voods (o-ff), on aoi-wet lower raud-flats or sil:y beach-flat 81

(o-ff, If); on mes-tnoi edges of now-flooded Gunnar pic-mine (f),

and mes-moi old-disturbed clearings at Gunnar Mine/Mill/Village,

and Lorado and Cenex Mine operations sites (o-ff, If); along

roadside ditches (o-ff). Ac Chariot Pt. (Raup 1936).**

Salix discolor Muhl. "Pussy Willow". Deciduous tall shrubs or

small trees in river and lake shrub shores and W thickets (o-ff) ;

in mes-moi open bS woods (o, Iff). In Gunnar Main Tailings

near border to gA-W-wB-wS ridge-woods (o, If); in Gunnar Langlsy

Bay Tailings on moi silty beach-flat (o); between rocks and at

bases of Lorado and Cayzor-Athabasca Mine waste-rock piles (o, If)

Salix glauca L. s. lat. "Smooth or Gray Willow". Deciduous low or

medium shrubs in semi-open wB, wB-cA, wB-wS(-bS) and cA-bS woods

on outcrop ridges (o-ff); at shore, bog or sedge-fen margins to

fr-mes (-moi) bS woods (ff, If); in mes-moi gA-(rA-)W shore shrub

zones and thickets (ff); on sedge-marshy shores (ff, If). In

Lorado Nero L. Tailings on mes-moi borders co bS and gA-W woods

(ff), on rocky ridge (Iff); on gravelly raised area and dry

looser substrate (o); in Gunnar Main Tailings at border to gA-W-

wB-wS-wooded ridges (ff, lc) , on mes-moi tighter, semi-vegetated,

salt-encrusted substrate (o, If). Colonizing rubble bases,

between rocks and edges of Gunnar, Lorado, Cenex, and Cayzor-

Athabasca Mine waste-rock piles (o-ff, If); at moi adges co bS

woods of old-disturbed, clearings at Lorado ^ero L. Mill and

Lorado, Cenex and Cayzor-Athabasca Mine operations sites (o-ff);

along moi edges of now-flooded Gunnar ?ic -nine (ff, If); in moi

edges of other disturbed clearings and roadsides bordering bS

woods (o-ff). In muskeg thickets, open muskeg timber, or border 82

of rich woods ac Camsell Portage, near mouch of Chariot R. and

Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936). **

Salix interior Rowlee. [indud. var. pedicellata (And.) Cronq.; £_. exigua Mutt, ssp. interior (Rowlee) Cronq.] "Sandbar Willow". Deciduous tall or medium shrubs on 3andy beach at Gunnar (o); in Gunnar Main Tailings on moi-wet lower mud-flats near marshy ponds (o, 1c), on moi drowned-out bS "island" (vo, lc) . *"*

Salix lasiandra Benth. "Red Willow". Deciduous tall shrubs or small trees in moi-wet, open, mossy, small drainage at Nero L. (o, ff).

Salix lutea Nutt. "Yellow Willow". Deciduous tall shrubs or small trees in mes-moi lake and stream shore shrub zones, W thickets; and shore bS woods (ff, If); along moi, open or semi-open, mossy, small drainage channels (ff, If). Ac edge of Lorado Nero L. Tailing toward marshy drainage (Iff).

Salix mackenzieana (Hook.) Barratt. [S_. rigida auct. , not. Muhl. ] "Mackenzie Willow". Deciduous medium shrubs (with us) colonizing sandy clearings of Gunnar Mine/Mill/Village site (ff).

Salix myrtillifolia Anderss. "Myrtle-leaved Willow". Deciduous medium or usually low shrubs in moi-wet, semi-open, - boggy,lowland bS woods (ff, If); in moi lake shore shrub zone (o, If). At moi mud-flac base of Cenex Mine waate-rock pile (o); colonizing at moi edges of disturbed clearings to bS woods (o, Iff). In timbered muskegs at Camsell Portage and Chariot Pt. (Raup 1936). * 83

Salix pedicellaris Pur3h [includ. var. hypoglauca Fern.; var.

tenuescens Fern. ; _§,. mvTtilloides L. ssp. pedicallaris (Pursh)

Anderss.; ^_. myrtilloides auct., noc L.] "Bog Willow". Deciduous

medium shrubs in wee shore and inland sedge fens, sedge-marshy and

shrubby river shorelines and semi-open tL-bS boggy woods (ff).

Salix olanifolia Pursh. [S_. phylicifolia L. ssp. olanifolia

(Pursh) Hiic] "Flat-leaved Willow". Deciduous call shrubs or

small trees in moi-mes lake and scream shore shrub zones (ff);

in moi-mes wB-wS(-bS)-rA-W, and semi-open bS shore woods (o-ff,

If); in fr-mes cA-bS-gA-W woods (o, Iff). Colonizing moi edges

to bS woods and now-flooded pic mine and old-disturbed clearings

at Gunnar Mine/Mill/Village sice (ff). Ac slough margins and on

river flood plains ac Chariot Pc. and Cornwall 3ay (Raup 1936).**

Salix pvrifolia Anderss. "Pear-leaved or 3alsam Willow". Deciduous

call shrubs or small crees in mes semi-open bS woods (ff, If);

along open moi, mossy drainages (f) ; in shore rA-W(-wB-bS)

chickecs and woods (ff) . In Lorado Nero L. Tailings on moi .

border cowards marshy drainage (o); ac moi edges of discurbed

clearings to bS woods (o). Ac muskeg margins ac Camsell Porcage

(Raup 1936). *

Salix scouleriana BarraCt. "Scouler's Willow". Deciduous medium

tall shrubs or small trees in mes-moi riv*r shore shrub zones,

wB-wS-(bS-) rA-W ± and bS(-wB) shore woods (ff); in upland jP, tA,

tA-jP(-wB) woods (o, Iff). In Gunnar Langley Bay Tailings on moi-

aes silcy beach flat (o); at edges and bases of Lorado and

Cayzor-Athabasca Mine waste-rock piles; along edges of now-flooded

Gunnar pic aine (ff) and Gunnar Mill/Village sire (o, If). On 84

gravelly or sandy lake beaches at Chariot Pt. and Cornwall Bay

(Raup 1936).

Salix 3eri3siaa (Bailey) Fem. "Autumn Willow". Tall deciduous shrubs near mouth of Chariot R. (Raup 1936).

21. FAMILY MYRICACEAE (Bayberry Fam.):

Myrica gala L. "Sweet Gale; Bog Myrtle". Deciduous medium or tall shrubs ia river and lake shore shrub zones (ff, If); in wet sedge- fens at pond and lake shore borders (ff, If). In Gunnar Langley Bay Tailings on moi-wee silty beach flat (vo). In swamps and on" sandy lake shores at Camsell Portage and mouth of Chariot R. (Raup 1936). *

22. FAMILY 3ETTILACEAE (Birch Fam.); Alnus criso a (Aiton) Pursh var-. crisp a "Green Alder". Deciduous tall shrubs in moat (dry-) fr-tnoi, upland and lowland, non- sphagnaceous woods (ff, If); in W-gA shrub thickets at borders of lowland bS woods with open bogs or sedge fens (f & d); in shore shrub zones (o, Iff). In Lorado Nero L. Tailings on mes- moi borders to bS and gA-W woods (ff) , on rocky ridges (lc); in Gunnar Main Tailings on mes borders to bS and gA-wB-cA ridge woods. In Gunnar Langley 3ay and Central Tailings on borders co bS and gA(-rA) (-tA) woods (ff); at rubbly bases and edges of Lorado and Cenex Mine waste-rock piles (o-ff) ; colonizing mes-moi old-di3turbed clearings and roadsides, especially toward bS and gA-wooded edges (ff). *** 85

Alnus crispa (Aicon) Pursh var. elongata Raup. "Long-coned Green

Alder". Deciduous tall shrubs in gA-W(-bS) thickets and shore

shrub zone, especially at ± open margins toward lake and tailings

at Nero L (o, lc); on sandy upper beach at Gunnar (o, lc). On

edges of now-flooded Gunnar pit-mine (ff, If). The type locality

of this taxonomic variety is on the Lake Athabasca north shore on

sandy beach at Sand Point, Alberta.*

Alnus rugosa (Du Roi) Spreng. [A_. incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi) R.T.

Clausen; A_. tenuifolia Nutt. ] "River or Speckled Alder".

Deciduous tall shrubs or small trees on lake and river shrub

shores with W (ff, lid); in aes-moi river-edge wB-wS(-bS)-rA-W

shore woods (f Si d); along wet, mossy, 'small drainages under

3emi-open bS-W woods (ff). In Lorado Nero L. Tailings on rocky

raised area (Iff); in Gunnar Langley Bay Tailings on tnes borders

to rA-W-tA(-bS) woods (o). On lake shores and river banks at

Chariot Pt. (Raup 1936).

Betula glandulifera (Regel) Butler. "Swamp or Shrub 3irch".

Deciduous tall shrubs on marshy-shrubby river and lake shores

(vo-ff, If); in shore-edgesof sedge fens (o-ff).

Betula glandulosa Michx. "Glandular Shrub Hirch" . Tall shrubs on

lake and river shore shrub zones and shore sedge-fens (o, Iff).

Betula neoalaskana Sarg. [3_. resinifera Britt.] "Alaska Paper or

White 3irch". Deciduous trees in most forest types of region:

in lake shore moi rA(-gA)-W-bS-wB and bS-wB woods (fid); in

river-sdge aes-mni wB-w5(-bS)-rA-W woods (; i d) ; in upland ridge

j?-tA-wB, jP-bS-w3 and wB-ws(-bS) woods (ff-f id). In Lorado Nei

L. Tailings as small sprouts or seedlings on nes-moi borders to 86

bS and gA-W woods (ff), on moi adge toward marshy drainage (ff), on moi salt-encrusted mud-flats (o), on rocky raised area (lc); on Gunnar Main, Central and Langley Bay Tailings on mes-moi borders to bS woods, gA-W shrub thickets (ff, If), gA-W-wB-wS ridge woods (ff), and rA-W-tA woods (ff); colonizing rubbly bases of Gunnar, Lorado and Cayzor-Athabasca Mine waste-rock piles (o-ff, If); colonizing mes-moi, old-di3turbed clearings at Gunnar, Lorado and Cayzor-Athabasca Mine operations sites (ff, If); in other mes-moi disturbed clearings and roadside ditches (ff). ***

Be tula occidentalis Hooker [B_. fontinalis Sarg. 1 "River Birch". Deciduous tall shrubs or small trees on fr-mes jP-tA-wB-wooded upper ridge slope near Uranium City (o).

Betula oaoyTifera Marsh var. commit at a (Regel) Fern. "Paper or White Birch". Deciduous trees ir fr-mes ridge woods wich jP, cA, bS, or wS (ff, If, d). At rubble base of Canex Mine waste-rock pile (ff, If); in mes-moi old-disturbed clearings at Gunnar Mine/Mill/Village and Lorado and Cenex Mine operations sites (o, Iff-f). At Chariot Pt. and Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936).

Betula x sargentii Dugle [3_. glandulifera x 3_. glandulosa] "Hybrid Shrub 3irch". Deciduous tall shrubs on river-edge of shore sedge-fen along Crackingstone R. below Cinch L. (o) .

23. FAMILY UKTICAC2AE (Nettle Fan..):

Urtica dioica L. var. procera (Muhl.) vfedd. [_U. gracilis auct.] "Common or Stinging Nettle". Perennial forbs in moi, brushy, ragrowth, old-disturbed areas at Gunnar Mine/Mill/Village sice (o, If). 87

24. FAMILY SANTALACEAE (Sandalwood Fam.):

Geocaulon lividum (Richards.) Fern. "'Northern Comandra or Bastard

Toad-flax". Perennial rhizomatous forbs in fr-mes bS , wB-bS-gA,

and jP-wB-bS woods (f, lc). In woodlands at Chariot and Cornwall

Bays(Raup 1936).

25. FAMILY POL'.'GONACEAE (3uckwheat Fam.):

Polygonum amphibium L. var. stipulaceum (Colem.) Fern. [indud. var.

hartwrightii (Gray) Bissell; P_. natans (Michx.) Eat.; P_. fluitans

Eat.] "Water Smartweed". Floating-leaved aquatic or creeping mud

perennial forbs in pond at Cornwall Bay and mouth of Chariot R.

(Raup 1936).

Polysonum aviculare L. "Yard Knotweed". Weedy annual forbs mostly

in dry-fr disturbed clearings, townsita waste-places and roadsides

(o-ff, If); on open silcy upper beach at Langley Bay (o). In

Lorado Nero L. Tailings on dry i loose substrate (o, Iff); in

Gunnar Langley Bay Tailings on tnoi-wet silty beach-flat and

mes-moi higher sandy flats (ff, lc); at outwash base of Cenex

Mine waste-rock piles (o, If); in dry old-disturbed areas of

Cenex Mine and Gunnar Mine/Mi11/Viliage sites (ο).

Polygonum convolvulus L. "Wild Buckwheat or 31ack Bindweed".

Weedy annual forbs in Uranium City cownsice open waste areas (vo),

and in old-disturbed gravelly clearings at Cenex Mine operations

site (o, Iff).

Polygonum laoathifolium L. var. sali cifoli um Sibth. [includ. var. incanua

(Willd.) Koch] "'.Jillow-leaved Persicaria". Annual = weedy forbs

on open sandy and silcy beaches at Gunnar and Langley 3ay (o) . Ir* 38

Gunnar Langley Bay Tailings on tnoi-wec silcy beach-flaca (o).

Rumex occidentalis S. Wats [^. fenescracus Greene] "Western Dock". Perennial forbs on moi-wec sedge-marshy, sandy and gravelly lake and scream shores (o); in shore sedge-fens (o). In Gunnar Main Tailings on moi-wet lower mud-flats near marshy ponds (ff, If) and near sw mes borders Co gA-W-wB-wS ridge woods (o).

Rumex salicifolius Weinn. [_R. mexicanus Meisn. ; jl. criangulivalvis (Danser) Lepage] "Narrow-leaved or Willow-leaved Dock". Perennial forbs on mes-moi lake and Crackingscone R. sandy or silcy beach shores (o, Iff-f). In Gunnar Langley 3ay Tailings on moi-wec silcy beach flacs (o), and on moi-wec mud-flacs coward cencral creek (ff); on moi-wec mud-flat drainage at base of Cenex Mine waste-rock pile (vo); in mes-moi old-discurbed gravelly clearings at Cayzor-Axhabasca, Cenex and Lorado Mine and Gunnar Mine/Mill/ Village sices especially coward shores (o-ff, Iff-f). Ac Charloc PC. (Raup 1936).

26. FAMILY CHENOPODIACSAE (Goosefoot Fam.):

Chenooodium album L. "Lamb's Quarters". Annual forbs on chin soil on open shore rock cliffs ac Lodge Bay (vo). In upper part of Gunnar Main Tailings on dry loose sandy substrace (r) ; as weed in Gunnar Mine/Mill and Cenex Mine old-discurbed open sices (o, lff-f) ; along mes-moi roadside dicches and townsice wasce areas ac Uranium Cicy (o, lff-f). All colleccions from che region were referrable co chis introduced weedy species, none to the native species, C_. berlandieri Moq. 89

Chenopodium capitatum (L.) Asch. "Strawberry Blice or Spinach".

Annual forbs in dry old-disturbed clearings at Gunnar village,

mine and mill sites (vo).

27. FAMILY CARYOPÏÏYLLACEAE (Pink Fam.):

Arenaria latariflora L. [Moehringia lateriflora (L.) Fenzl.]

"Grove Sandwort". Small perennial forbs in shore-edgs ses-moi

wS-bS-wB-rA-W woods and rA-W thickets of streams and lakes Co,

If). In Lorado Nero L. (o, If) and Gunnar Central Tailings

(vo) on moi mud-flats.

Arenaria macroohylla Hook. [Moehringia macrophvlla (Hook.) Torr.]

"Large-lei^'ed Sandwort". Small perennial forbs on thin soil on

rock-outcrops,open or under semi-open jP, jP-tA, bS and wB-wS(-tA)

woods (o, lc). At Ellis Bay w shore and s of Wabba L. (Raup

1936). On Sask. list of rare plants.

Arenaria rubella (Wahlenb.) Sm. [Minuartia rubella (Wahlenb.)

Hiern.; Arenaria verna L. var. ρubescens (Cham. î Schlecht.) Fern.

Perennial forbs in rock crevices at Chariot Pt. and Cornwall 3ay

(Raup 1936) . On Sask. list of rare plants.

Arenaria serietà Mich*, var. dawsonensis (Briet.) Scoggan [indud.

var. litorea (Fern.) Boiv. ; ssp. dawsonensis (3ritt.) Maguire;

A_. dawsonensis Britt.] "Rock Sandwort". Perennial forbs on dry

rock-outcrops on higher ridge slopes and summits, open or under

semi-open j?-cA woods, at uranium City (o, Iff). At Chariot Pt.

and Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936) . 90

Caraatium alpitium L. [indud. var. strigosum Hulten; ssp. .jiatum (Lam.) Aschers. & Graebn.] "Alpine Chickweed". Perennial matted forbs on chin soil on open granicic outcrops on high n-facing cliff slope above beach at Langley Bay (o, Iff). This represencs only Che second locality record for chis species in Saskatchewan. On Sask. list of rare plants.

Ceraatiuin beeringianum Cham. & Schlecht. [£. alpinum var. beeringianum (Cham, & Schlecht.) Regel.] "3eering'3 Chickweed". Perennial, £ matted forbs on thin soil on rock outcrops of cliff above shore at Lodge Bay (o, Iff). On damp shores and in rock crevices on w shore of Ellis Bay, Chariot Pt., mouth of Chariot R., and Fishhook Bay (Raup 1936). On Sask. list of rare plants.

Carastium nutans Raj. "Long-stalked Chickweed". Annual forbs on open banks of Crackingstone R. below Cinch L. (vo,' lc),.

Lychnis drummondli (Hook.) Wats. [Melandrium drummondii (Hook.) Pors.; L. pudica Boivin] "Prairie or Drummond's Cockle or Bladder Campion". Perennial forbs on dry calcareous slopes at Chariot Pt. and Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936).

Sagina nodosa (L.) Fenzl. var. nodosa [includ. ssp. borealis Crow] "Knotty Pearlwort". Small tufted perennial forbs in moi crevices of beach-washed shore outcrops at Lodge Bay (f, lc) and moi-wet, open, silt? beach at Langley Bay (f). In Gunnar Langley Bay Tailings edge on saoi-vee silty beach-ilacs (ff, If). In damp rock, crevices or damp sandy shores at w Ellis Bay and small island near Chariot Pt. (Raup 1936) . 91

Silene antirrhina L, "Sleepy Catchfly". Perennial forbs on curry hillsides ac Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936).

Scellaria calyeancha (Ledeb.) Bong. [S_. borealis Bigelow] "Northern Chickweed or Scarwort". Perennial forbs at Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936).

Scellaria longifolia Muhl. "Long-leaved Chickweed or Scarworr". Perennial forbs in moi sedge-fens, open grassy and sedge-marshy lake and scream shores (ff, If); under moi semi-open gA(-rA)-W 3hore thickets (o, Iff); and in sh.ore-edge (wS-)bS-wB-rA-W woods (ff, If). In Lorado Nero L. Tailings on moi salc-encrusced mud- flats (o, If); in open moi mud-flat, old-discurbed clearing of Cenex Mine wasce-rock pile and operations sice (o, Iff). Perennial forbs ac Charloc R. and Cornwall 3ay (Raup 1936).

Scellaria longjpes Goldie. [includ. S_. sub^eseica Greene; S_.

stricta Richards.; ]S_. edwardsii R.3r.; S_. laeca Richards.] "Long- scalked Chickweed or Scarwort". Perennial forbs on open granitic ouccrops on nerfacing shore cliffs ac Langley Bay (ff, If). Ac Chariot PC, w of Ellis Bay, mouth of Charloc 5.., and Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936).

Scellaria monancha Hulten. [S_. hultenii 3oi"in; ^_. longioes var. altocaulis Hult.] "One-flowered Chickweed or Scarwort". Perennial forbs on exposed rocky slopes at Chariot PC. (Raup 1936). On Sask. list of rare plants.

28. FAMILY TOffHAEACSAE(wacer-lil y Fan.):

^uphar variegacum Engelm. "Yellow Pond Lily", "loatir.g-laaved, aquatic, perennial, rhizomatous forbs in 1/2-1 a vacar depchs ir. I 92

protected lake bays and quiet streams (ff, 1c & d in colonies). In pond n of Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936).

29. FAMILY RANTraCTJLACEAE (Buttercup Fain.):

Actaea rubra (Aiton) Willd. [indud, forma tieglecta (Gillman) Robins.; A. eburnea Rydb.] "Red Baneberry". Perennial forbs in open woods and thickets at Cornwall Bay and hills s of Wabba L. (Raup 1936).

Anenone multifida Poir. [indud. var. richardsiana Fern. ; var. hudsoniana (Richards) DC; forma sanguinea (Pursh) Fern'.] "Cut- leaved Anemone". Tufted perennial forbs on dry-mes rock-outcrop ridges, open or under semi-open jP-wB-bS, jP and bS woods (o, Iff-f). On dry ridges and rock crevices at Chariot Pt. and Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936). • - •

Anemone patena L. var. wolfgangiana (Bess.) Koch [Pulsatilla ludoviciana (Nutt.) Heller] "Pasque Flower or Croccus Anemone". Tufted perennial forbs on rock-outcrops, open or under semi-open dry-fr tA-jP(-wB), tA and jP woods (o-ff, If). On dry sandy or rocky ridges at Chariot Pt. and Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936).

Anemone richardaonii Hooker "Richardson's Anemone". Rhizomatous perennial forbs in wet bog at Camsell Portage (Raup 1936). On Sask. list of rare plants.

Aouilegia brevistyla Hooker "Small-flowered Columbine". Perennial forbs in open woods at Chariot Pt., Ellis Bay and Cornwall 3ay (Raup 1936). 93

Ranunculus aquatilis L. var. capillaceus (Thuill.) DC. [R_. trichophyllus Chaix.] "White Water Buttercup". Submersed aquatic perennial forbs to 1 i water depths in sedge-fen and other ponds, quiet lake bays and sluggish streams (ff, lc). In Gunnar Langley Bay Tailings in small beach-flat ponds and central creek (ff, lc).

Ranunculus flammula L. var. filiformis (Michx.) Hooker [R_. reptans L.] "Creeping Buttercup" Small, stoloniferous, perennial forbs on open, moi-wen sandy and silty lake beaches (ff, la). In Gunnar Langley Bay Tailings on moi-wet silty beach-flats (ff, la). On gravelly banks along Chariot R. near mouth (Raup 1936).

Ranunculus gmelini DC. var. gmelini• "Yellow Water Buttercup". Submerged or floating-leaved aquatic, or shore-edge perennial forbs in shallow ponds and open sluggish small streams (o, la).

Ranunculus gmelini DC. var. hookeri (D. Don) Hara. [II. purshii Richards.] "Hooker's Yellow Buctercup". Submerged, floating- leaved, or ± emergent aquatic,perennial forbs in shallow ponds, sluggish fen streams, and marshy lake shoves (o, la). In slough ponds at Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936).

Ranunculus lapoonicus L. "Lapland Butterrip". Rhizomatous perennial forbs in moi-wet, semi-open, mossy bS(-gA-W) woods (o, lc, in colonies); in mes-moi, semi-open bS-tL treed bogs (o, lc). In muskegs n of Chariot R. and hills ne of Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936).

Ranunculus sceleratus L. "Celery-leaved Buttercup". Annual forbs on Gunnar Langley Bay Tailings on moi-wet silty beach flats (ff, lc) and mud-flats along central creek (o, If). 94

30. FAMILY FUMARIACEAE (Fumitory 7am.):

Cprydalis aurea Willd. "Golden Corydalis". -Annual or biennial forbs in crevices of beach rock-outcrops at Lodge Bay (ff); on gravelly open shore at Cinch L. (vo); on open rock-outcrop ridge just above sandy beach at Gunnar (vo, lc). In gravelly depression on Cenex Mine waste-rock pile (vo, If); on gravelly roadsides and gravel borrow-pit waste areas (vo, If).

Corydalis seapervirens (L.) Pers. "Pink Corydalis". Annual or biennial forbs on rock-outcrops of ridges, open or under dry-fr semi-open jP, jP-tA(-wB) and wB-bS-gA woods (ff-f, lf-c). On rocky areas of old-disturbed clearings at Lorado and Cenex Mine operations sites (ff, If). In rocky places at Chariot Ft. and Ellis Bay n shore (Raup 1936).

31. FAMILY CHUCIFESAE (BRASSICACEAE) (Mustard Fam.):

Arabis arenicola (Richards.) Gelert. [indud. var. pubescens (S. Wat3.) Gelert] Tufted perennial forbs in sandy habitat3, cited by Raup (1936) and Argus (1968) as collected by J.W. Tyrrell from the Lake Athabasca n shore; the writer has not ascertained a particular location but the distribution map in Maher at, al. (1979) shows a dot in the Crackingscone Pa. region.

Arabis divaricarpa A. Uels. "Purple Rock Cress". Biennial or sometimes perennial forbs on dry, open, 3-facing, rock-outcrop ridge slope at Martin L. (o, Iff). On n shore of Ellis Bay and Chariot Pt. (Raup 1936). 95

Arabia hirsuta (L.) Scop. var. pycnocarpa (Hopkins) Rollins. "Hairy Rock Cress". Loosely cufted perennials in clearings or open woods at E1113 Bay Chariot Pt., mouth of Chariot R. , and hills N.W. of Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936).

Arabia holboellii Hornem. var. retrofracta (Graham) Rydb. [includ.

km. retrofracta var. multicaulis Boivin] "Reflexed or Holboell's Rock Cress". Perennial forbs on dry, open, rock-outcrop, ridge slopes (o-ff). In Lorado Nero L. Tailings on dry looser substrate (vo); on Cayzor-Athabasca Mine waste-rock piles (0, If); in dry 3andy or gravelly old-disturbed clearings at Gunnar Mine/Mill/ Village and Cenex Mine operations sites (f, Iff); in other dry disturbed clearings (o, Iff). In open woods or turfy slopes at Chariot Pt. and Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936).

Arabis lyTata L. [includ. var. kamchatica Fisch.] "Lyre-leaved Rock Cress". Tufted perennial forbs on sandy beaches or in crevices of shore rocks at Chariot Pt., w of Ellis Bay and mouth - of Chariot R. (Raup 1936).

Barbarea orthoceras Ledeb. "Winter Cress; Yellow Rocket". Biennial forbs on wet edges of lake beach ponds, in crevices of moi lake shore rock-outcrops and in wet lake-shore flood-plain meadows (0, Iff-f). On moi-wet, disturbed, gravelly mud-flats around gravel borrow-pic ponds (0, Iff). On stony or sandy lake shores at Crackingstone Ft., Fishhook Bay and S. shore of Ellis Bay (Raup 1936). 96

Capaella bursa-oastoris (L.) Medic. "Shepherd's Purse". Weedy annual forbs adventive ac Camsell Portage (Raup 1936).

Cardamine oensvlvanica Muhl. "Pennsylvania Bicter Cress". Biennial forbs on wee, gravelly, non-peaty shorelines or shore- edge flats of streams and ponds (o, Iff).

Draba aurea M. Vahl. "Golden Whitlow-grass". Tufted perennial forbs on turfy slopes or rock crevices at Chariot Pt. (Raup 1936).

Draba can a Rydb. [I), lanceolata auct. ] "Hoary Whitlow-grass". Tufted perennial forbs in rock crevices or on turfy slopes ac Chariot Pt. and Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936). On Sask. list of rare plants.

Draba cinerea Adams. "Hoary Whitlow-grass". Tufted perennial forbs on dry, ridge, calcareous rock outcrops at Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936). On Sask. list of rare plants.

Erysimum inconsoicuum (S. Wats.) MacM. "Small-flowered Prairie Rocket". Biennial forbs on open, dry, gravelly-silty, old-disturbed, n-facing slopes at Lorado Mine operations sites (o).

Leoidium densiflorum Schrad. "Common Pepper-grass". Annual weedy forbs in dry-moi disturbed clearings and roadsides (o, Iff). On waste-rock piles at Gunnar, Cenex and Cayzor-Athabasca Mines (o, lf-c); in dry-moi, gravelly, sandy or silty, old-disturbed clearings ac Gunnar Mine/Mill/Village, Lorado Nero L. Mill, Lorado Mine and Dormitories, Cenex Mine and Cayzor-Athabasca Mine operations sites (o-ff, If). 97

Rorippa islandica (Oeder) 3orbas var. £ernaldiana Butt, and Abbe [indud. var. murocarpa (Regel) Fern.; R. palustris auct.] "Yellow Cress". Annual or biennial forbs on ailty beach at Langley Bay (o); on rocky shoreline of Crackingstone R. below Cinch L. (o, If) . In Gunnar Main Tailings on moi-wet lower mud-flats and drainages (vo, lc-a, as seedlings); in Gunnar Langley Bay Tailings on moi-wec silty beach flats (o).

Rorippa islandica (Oeder) Borbas var. hispida (Desv.) 3utt. and Abbe [II. hispida (Desv.) Britt.; _R. hispida var. glabrata Lunnell: !l. palustris var. glabrata (Lunnell) Victoria] "Hairy Yellow Cress". Annual or biennial forbs on wet gravelly shorelines of Crackingstone R. n of Hero L. (o, If). On wet shores or sloughs at Camsell Portage and Cornwall Bay- (Raup 1936).

Subularia aquatica L. ssp. americana Mull, and Cald. "Awlwort". Small, annual, submersed, lake-bottom, aquatic forbs in shallow water near shoreline at Langley Bay (vo, la). On Sask. list of rare plants.

32. FAMILY DROSESACEAE (Sundew Fam.):

Drosera rotundifolia L. "Round-leaved Sundew". Small perennial forbs, scapose from basal rosette of leaves, on moi-wet sphagnum moss in open bogs, bS-tL treed bogs and wet drainages and pool edges in tnoi-wet bS lowland woods (f, lc). In wet mossy muskegs at Chariot Pt. and ne of Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936).

33. FAMILY SAXIFRAGACEAE (Saxifrage Fam.):

Micella nuda L. "Mitre-wort". Small rhizomatous forbs in woods at

Chariot ?t. (Raup 1936). 98

Parnassia palustris L. asp. neogaea (Fern.) Hult. Perennial forbs

on open, gravelly, sandy and silty lake and stream shores (o, Iff-f) ;

in wet open or semi-open bS(-wB)-wooded, mossy, drainage channels

(ff). In Gunnar Main and Langley Bay Tailings on moi-wec lower

mud-flats and drainages (o), on mes-moi 3andy flats (o), on mes-moi

borders to bS and gArwB-wS-wooded ridges (o, Iff), and on moi-wet

3ilty beach-flat3 (o, If).

Saxifraga tricuaoidata Rottb. "Three-toothed Saxifrage". Densely

matted perennial forbs on dry-fr rock-outcrops, open or under

semi-open jP, tA, jP-tA(-wB), wB-wS, etc., woods (f). On rock

ridges and ancient beaches at Chariot Pt. and mouth of Chariot R.

(Raup 1936).

34. FAMILY GHOSSULARIACEAE (Gooseberry or Currant Fan.):

Ribes glanduloaum Grauer. "Skunk Currant". Medium deciduous shrubs

in mes-moi river-edge wB-wS-bS-rA-W mixed-woods (o); in semi-open

jP-wB and bS woods on cock-outcrop ridge slopes (o); in stream

and lake shore shrub zones and rA-gA-W thickets Oo, Iff). On

moi W-shrubby edges of now-flooded Gunnar pit mine (ff); in mes-

moi disturbed clearings of Gunnar Mine/Mill/Village and Lorado,

Cenex and Cayzor-Athabasca Mine operations areas. In woods or

thickets at Chariot Pt. (Raup 1936).

Ribes hudsonianum Richards. "Northern Black Currant". Medium

deciduous shrubs in fr-moi bS lowland woods (o, Iff-f); in mes-

moi river-edge wB-wS-bS-rA-W mixed woods (o, Iff) ; in aioi gA-W

(-bS) thickets (o, Iff). In rich woods or timbered muskegs at

Chariot Pt. (RauD 1936). 99

Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir. "Bristly Black Currant". Medium deciduous shrubs in rich woods or timbered muskegs of hills near base of Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936).

Ribes oxyacanthoides L. var. oxyacanthoides "Wild or Morthern Gooseberry". Medium deciduous shrubs on rocky, = open stream shores (o, Iff); on open rock outcrop ridge slopes (o); under (dry-) fr-snes open jP-tA(-wB), wS-cA-wB and bS woods on ridge slopes with rock-outcrops (o, Iff); in mes-moi, river-edge wB- wS-bS-rA-W mixed-woods (o) . In Lorado Nero L. Tailings on dry looser substrate (vo); on edges of Lorado Mine waste-rock piles (o); colonizing in open mea-moi clearing edges at Gunnar Mine/ Mill/Village and Lorado Mine operations sites (vo). On rocky hills or open woods at Chariot Pt. and Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936).

Ribes oxyacanthoides L. var. saxosum (Hook.) Cov. [iaclud. var. hirtellum (Michx.) Scoggan; BL. hirtellum Michx. ] "Low Wild or Northern Gooseberry". Medium deciduous shrubs in fr-mes bS-jP woods at base of granitic outcrop cliff above Martin L. shore (ff, If).

Ribes trista Pall. [II. rub rum L. var. prooinquum Trautv. & Mey. ] "Wtld ov Swamp Red Currant". Medium deciduous shrubs on mossy river bank flats to edge of bS-wB shore woods (ff, If). In rich woods or timbered muskegs at Chariot Pt. , Camsell Portage and Fishhook 3ay (Raup 1936). 100

35. FAMILY ROSACEAE (Rose Fam.):

Amelanehier alnifolia (Nutt.) Suet. [A. florida sensu Raup, not Lindl.] "Saskatoon Service-Berry". Deciduous medium shrubs (in study region) on edges of & thin 3Oil on open rods-outcrops or on rocks under semi-open jP, jP-tA(-wB) , jP-wB(-faS), wB-wS, and bS (-wB) woods (f); on semi-open shrubby or bS-wB-wooded river banks (o). At Chariot Pt. and Fishhook Bay (Raup 1936).

Chamaerhodos erecta (L.) Bunge var. nuttallii Torr. and Gray [includ. var. parviflora (Nutt.) C.L. Hitchc.l "American Chamaerhodos". Biennial Sorbs on outcrops of conglomerate rocks at Chariot Pt. (Raup 1936).

Dry as drunmondii Richards. "Mountain Avens". Low, ± evergreen, mat-forming shrubs an calcareous rocks at Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936). ' On Sask. list of rare plants.

Fragaria vesca L. var. americana Porter. "American Wood Strawberry". Perennial forbs in moi semi-open bS-cL-wB woods (ff) ; on i open rock-outcrop ridges (ff, If in patches).

Fragaria virginiana Duchesne var. glauca S. Wats. "Smooth Wild Strawberry". Stoloniferous perennial forbs in mes-moi places among open or lightly tA-jP(-wB)-wooded rock-outcrops (o, If). In Lorado Nero L. Tailings on dry looser substrate (vo); in mes- moi old-disturbed clearing at Lorado Nero L. Mill operations sice (ff, If). In clearings or rocky hills at Cornwall 3ay (Raup 1936).* 101

Gaum alleppicum Jacq. ssp. 3trieturn (Ait.) R.T. Clausen. "Yellow Avens". Perennial forbs in moi depression in bS woods at Martin L. (vo).

Poteneilla arguta Pursh. "White Cinquefoil". Perennial forbs on open rock-outcrop shore cliffs at Lodge Bay (0). In rock crevices at Chariot Pt. and Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936).

Potentilla multifida L. "Cut-leaved Cinquefoil". Perennial forbs on shore rocks at Chariot Pt. and Fishhook Bay (Raup 1936). On Sask. list of rare plants.

Potentilla nivea L. [indud. ssp. hookariana (Lehm.) Hiit. and var. subquinata Lange] On high n-facing slopes of open granitic out- crop cliffs above beach at Langley Bay (0). In rock crevices in exposed rocky hills at Chariot Pt. and hills ne of Cornwell Bay (Raup 1936). On Sask. list of rare plants.

Potentilla norvegica L. [includ. ssp. monspeliensis (L.) Asch. and Graebn.; var. hirsuta (Michx.) Lehm.]. "Rough Cinquefoil". Annual or biennial, 2 weedy forbs on open silty and sandy lake beaches (ff, la); on moi wave-splashed rocky lake shores (ff, If); in most dry-mes(-moi), sandy or gravelly, disturbed clearings. In Gunnar Langley Bay Tailings on mes-moi sandy flats (0), and on moi-wet silty beach-flats (o, lc) ; on Cenex Mine waste-rock pile (0, Iff); in old-disturbed clearings of all mine and mill sices (ff). In wet meadows or disturbed soil at Camsell Portage, Chariot Pt., and Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936). 102

Potentilla paluatris (L.) Scop. [indud. var. parvlfolia (Rax.) Fern, & Long.; var. villosa (Pers.) Lahm.] "Marsh Cinquefoil". Emergent, aquatic or weeland-terrestial, perennial forbs in wee depressions in sedge-fens, open and bS ereed bogs, and open marshy shores (ff, If). Ac margins of sloughs and muskeg ponds ac mouth of Chariot R. and Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936) .

Poeencilla oensvlvanica L. var. bioinnacifida (Dougl.) Tort, and Gray. "Prairie Cinquefoil". Loosely tufced perennial forbs in crevices of open high rock-outcrop shore cliffs ae Lodge Bay (Iff). On rocky hills or sandy ridges ac Wabba L. and Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936).

Pocencilla penaylvanica L. var. lieoralis (Rydb.) 3oivin. (P_. pectinata Raf.] "Coast Cinquefoil". Loosely cufced perennial forbs in crevices of open, high, rock-ouCcrop, shore cliff ac Lodge" Bay (Iff). In rock crevices ac Chariot Pt., Cornwall Bay, and Fishhook Bay (Raup 1936). On Sask. list of rare plants.

Potentilla eridencata Aiton. "Three-toothed Cinquef oil" . Perennial, low, ± evergTeen, semi-shrubs or forbs on thin soil on rock- outcrops, open or under dry-fr semi-open jP, jP-tA, jP-bS(-wB), and bS woods (ff, la).

Prunus oensvlvanica L.f. "Pin Cherry" Deciduous, medium co call shrubs in fr-mes, i open bS, jP-wB-bS, jP-cA(-wB) woods on rock- outcrops or sandy-ridge slopes and summits (ff, If); on semi- open 3andy 3lopes above river banks (o, Iff); open rock-ouCcrop shore cliffs (o, Iff). At Ellis Bay, Chariot Pt. and Fishhook 3ay (Raup 1936). 103

Rosa acicularis Lindl. [includ. var. bourgeaniana Crepin] "Wild

Prickly Rose". Deciduous, prickly, medium shrubs in fr-mes jP-cA.

(-wB), jP-bS(-wB), wB-wS and bS woods (o-ff). la Lorado Nero L.

Tailings on mes-moi borders to bS and gA-W woods (vo), and on dry

looser substrate (vo); on Cenex and Cayzor-Achabasca Mine waste-

rock piles (vo) ; in old-disturbed clearings at Gunnar Mine/Mill

and Cayzor-Athabasca Mine operations sites (o, Iff). At Chariot

Pt. and hills S. of Wabba L. (Raup 1936).

Rosa woodsii Lindl. [II. blanda auct., not Ait.) "Wild Mood's Rose".

Medium deciduous shrubs at semi-open roadside edge of bS-tA woods

near Nero L. (vo, If).

Rub us acaulis Michx. [R.. arcticus L. var. acaulis (Michx.) Focka.]

"Dwarf Raspberry". Loosely tufted forbs in lake shore "dried

marsh" and rA-gA-W shrub zones and lowland gA-W thickets (o, lf-c) ;

on moi mud-flat pond edges (o, lc). On Cenex and Cayzor-Athabasca

Mine waste-rock piles (vo-o, la). In rich woods or muskeg thickets

at Camsell Portage (Raup 1936).

Rubus chamaemotus L. "Cloudberry, Baked Apple-berry". Perennial

forbs on sphagnum moss in moi-wet bS and bS-tL woods, and in open

•and tL-bS treed bogs (ff, If). In muskeg at Camsell Portage

(Raup 1936).

Rubus idaaus L. var. strigosus (Michx.) Maxim. [JR. canadensia Fern.;

R. atTigosus Michx.] "Canada or Wild Red Raspberry". Medium

shrubs around rock-outcrops, open or under semi-open jP , jP-tA

(-wB), and wB-wS woods (ff, If). In Lorado Nero L. Tailings on

rocky raised area (o) , and tnes-moi borders to bS and gA-W woods

(vo) ; on Gunnar, '..orado, Cenex and Cayzor-Athabasea Mine 10-

waste-rock piles (o-ff, lff-f) ; in old-disturbed clearings ac

Gunnar Mine/Mill/Village and Cenex Mine operations sices (ff);

in other disturbed clearings and roadside edges of woods (o,

If). At Ellis Bay and Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936) . *

Rubus pubescens Raf. "Dewberry; Bramble; Dwarf Raspberry".

Stoloniferous perennial forbs or semi-shrubs in mes-moi, river-

edge wB-wS (bS)-rA-W woods (o, Iff-f). In shady woods at

Camsell Portage and Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936).

36. FAMILY LZGUMINOSAE (FABAC2AE) (Legume Fam.):

Astragalus aloinus L. var. alpinus. "Alpine Milk Vetch".

Perennial, creeping, mat-forming forbs on open sandy upper

beach at Gunnar (vo, lc)-. *

Astragalus bodinii She-Id. [A.. yukoni3 M.E. Jones] "Yukon Milk

Vetch". Perennial mat-forming forbs in open old-disturbed area

at Gunnar Mine site along overflow drainage channel between

flooded old pic-mine and St. Mary'3 Channel (vo, lc). The

present collection represents che second known general

locality for che species in Saskacchewan. On Sask. lisc of

rare plants. *

Astragalus eucosnus Robinson. "Eleganc Milk Vetch". Perennial

erect forbs on dolomicic hill near base of Cornwall Bay (Raup

1936). 105

Melilotus c.f. alba Desr. "White Sweet Clover". Annual or biennial introduced forbs in dry, open, gravelly, old-disturbed • clearing at Cenex Mine operations site (o); in dry-mes townsite, other waste places and roadsides (vo, Iff).

Trifolium hybridum L. "Alaike Clover". Perennial forbs in dry, gravelly, old-disturbed clearings at Canex and Cayzor-Athabasca Mine operations sites (o, If); in other dry disturbed areas and roadsides (o). On Cenex Mine waste-rock pile (o). **•

Trifolium repens L. "White Clover". Perennial forbs in dry, open, gravelly, old-disturbed clearing of Cenex Mine operations site (o). **

37. FAMILY GESMIACEAE (Geranium Fam.):

Geranium bicknellii Britt. "Bicknell's Wild Geranium". Annual or biennial forbs in dry, gravelly, old-disturbed clearings of Cenex Mine operations site (ff, If). In gravelly depressions, between rocks and on rubbly base of Cenex Mine waste-rock piles (o). In upland woods or clearings of hills near base of Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936).

38. FAMILY CALLITXXCACEAE (Water Starwort Fam.):

Callitriche palustris L. [£. verna L.] "Vernal Water Starwort". Submersed shallow-water aquatic, perennial forbs in ponds, near shores of quiet lake bays and sluggish stream edges (o, If). 106

39. FAMILY HYPERICACEAE (St. John's-Wort Fam.):

Hypericum majus (A., Gray) Britt. "Larger SC. John's-wort". Annual forba on moi-wet, open, silcy beach at Langley Bay (o, If).

40. FAMILY CISTACEAE (Rockrose Fam.):

Hudaonia tomentosa Nutt. "Sand Heather". Low evergreen shrubs on sandy beach ridges w of Ellis Bay (Raup 1936). **

41. FAMILY VIOLACEAE (Violet Fam.):

Viola adunca Smith. "Early Blue or Hooked Spur Violet". Perennial ± tufted forbs on rock-outcrops in dry semi-open jP-tA woods on ridge summit (vo, lc).

Viola palu3tri3 L. Marsh Violet". Rhizomatous perennial forbs on moi mossy river banks (f, lc), and on moss in mes-moi river-edge wB-wS(-bS)-rA-W shore woods (f, lc).

42. FAMILY ELAEAGNACEAE (Russian Olive Fam.):

Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. "Low Buffalo Berry; Soap Berry". Medium deciduous shrubs in dry-fr(-mes) semi-open jP , jP-wB-bS, jP-tA(-wB) and bS woods on rock-outcrop ridges and open rock- outcrop slopes (o in large clumps). In Gunnar Main Tailings on mes border to gA-W-wB-wS ridge woods (vo), and moi borders to bS woods and in drowned-out bS "island" (vo); colonizing mes old- disturbed clearings at Gunnar Mine/Mill operations sice (vo). In woods on thickets at Chariot Pt. and Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936). *

43. FAMILY ONAGRACEAE (OEKOTHERACEAE) (Evening Primrose Fam.):

Eoilobium ang-ustifolium L. "Fireweed". stout perennial forbs along = oper., aes-moi, non-peat? s-reara and lake shores (ff, If); ir. 107

most fr-moi, semi-open forest types (o, Iff); in mes-moi disturbed clearings (ff, If). In Lorado Nero L. Tailings on gravelly higher areas (o) ; in Gunnar Main Tailings on sies-moi, tighter, semi- vegetated, salt-encrusted substrate (o, Iff); on Gunnar, Cenex and Cayzor-Athabasca Mine waste-rock piles (o-ff,lf); in mes-moi old- disturbed clearings at all mine and mill operations sites (u-ff) ; on roadsides and waste places (o, If). In open woods, clearings, or burned areas e of Chariot Pt. (Raup 1936). *

Epilobium palustre L. [indud. var. oliganthum (Michx.) Fern.; var. monticola auct., not Hausskn.] "Marsh Willow-herb". Perennial forbs on wet sedge-marshy river and lake shores (ff, If); on moi open or semi-open mossy shores of streams, lakes and ponds (ff, If); along wet mossy drainage channels in bS woods (o, If); at open bog borders, to bS woods (o, lff-f).' In Lorado Nero L. • t Tailings on mes-moi borders co bS and gA-W woods (o) , and on moi edges toward marshy drainage (o, Iff). In muskegs or wet meadows - along Chariot R. near mouth (Raup 1936). Eoilobimn watsonii Barbey [Z,. glandulosum Lehm. var. adenocaulon (Haussk.) Fern; var. perplexans Trel.; E_. ciliatum Raf. ] "Glandular or Northern Willow-herb". Perennial forbs on moi-wet, = open, sedge-marshy or mossy, river and lake shores (ff, ic) ; toward water-edges of shore sedge-fens (o, lff-f); on open, wave- splashed, rocky, lake-shores (o, If); in moi-wet disturbed clearings (o, If). In Gunnar Main Tailings on moi-wet low or mud-flats toward edges of marshy sedge-cattail ponds (o); in Gunnar Langley Bay Tailings on moi-wet silty beach-flats (o); along 3hore-line of now-flooded Gunnar pic-mine (ff) ; in aioi 108

old-disturbed clearings at Gunnar Mine/Mill and Cenex Mine operations 3ites (o, If). In wet meadows or on lake shores n of Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936).*

44. FAMILY HALORAGIDACEAE (Water Milfoil Fam.):

MvTiophyllum exalbescens Fern. [M. 3Picatum var. exalbescens (Fern.)

Hult.] "Water Milfoil". Submersed aquatic perennial forbs

in shallow water to 1/2 m deep near shores of quiet lake bays, sluggish streams and sedge-fen and other ponds (ff, lc-a). In Cunnar Langley Bay Tailings in small beach flood- plain ponds (ff). In shallow pond n of Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936).

45. FAMILY HIPPURIDAC2AE (Mare1 a-trail Fam.):

Hippuris vulgaris L. "Mare's-Tail". Submersed or emergent aquatic perennial forbs in sedge-fen and other ponds (ff, Ic-a); on quiet, t marshy,quiet, lake and stream shores (o, lc-a). In shallow muskeg pond n of Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936).

46. FAMILY ARALIACEAE (Gingseng Fam.'):

Aralia nudicaulis L. "Wild Sarsaparilla". Scapose perennial forbs in mes-moi river-edge wB-wS-bS-rA-W woods (ff); in fr-mes bS-gA lowland woods (o, Iff). In open woods at Chariot Pt. (Raup 1936).

47. FAMILY UMBELLIFERAE (AMMIACEAE) (Carrot) Fam.):

Cicuta bulbifera L. "Bulbous Water-Hemlock". Perennial rhizomatous marsh forbs in wet 3hore 3edge-fens and marshy shorelines of slow streams, quiet lake bays and ponds (o, If). 109

Cicuta maculata L. [includ. var. angusti folia Hook; C_. douglasii

(DC.) Coult. & Rose] "Water Hemlock". Stout, perennial,

rhizomatous, emergent aquatic or marshy shore forbs along rocky

shorelines of Crackings cone R. belov Cinch L. (o, If).

Sium suave Walt. "Water Parsnip". Stout, emergent, shallow-water

aquatic or marshy shore, perennial forbs at river and protected

lake bay shorelines (ff, If); on wet lake flood-plain meadows

(ff, If).

43. FAMILY CORNACEAE (Dogwood Fam..):

Cornus canadensis L. [includ. forma dutillyi Lepage] "3unch-berry;

Dwarf Dogwood; Cornel-berry". Rhizomatous perennial forbs in fr-

mes bS woods (ff, f); in.fr-mes, 3emi-open wB-bS(-gA), tA-jP(-wB),

and jP woods (ff). At rubbly outwash base of Cenex Mine waste-

rock pile (vo) ; in mes-moi old-disturbed clearing edges to bS woods

at Cenex Mine site. In open woods at Chariot ?t. (Raup 1936).

Cornus stolonifera Michx. [_C. alba ssp. 3tolonifera (Michx.) Wang. ;

_C. alba auct.,not L.; £. sericea auct., not L.] "Red Osier

Dogwood". Rhizomatous, medium to usually call, deciduous shrubs

along mes-moi banks of Crackingstone R. under riverine wB-wS-bS-rA

woods (ff, If); in 3emi-open, lake-shore bS woods on N-facing

ridge slopes with rock-outcrops near Gunnar (ff). In thicket on

dolomitic hillside s of Wabba L. and Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936).

49. FAMILY PYROLACZAE (Wintergreen Fam.):

Monesis uniflora (L.) A. Gray. [Pyrola uniflora L.] "One-flowered

Wintergreen; Single Delight". Rhizomatous scapose perennial forbs

in rich woods at Cornwall 3ay (Raup 1936). 110

Pyrola asarifolia Michx. [indud. var. purpurea (Bunge) Fern.; var. incarnata (Fisch.) Fern.] "Pink-flowered Wintergreen". Rhizomatous scapose perennial forbs in wB-jP-wS woods on lower ridge slopes (ff, If). In woods at Chariot Pt. and hills ne of Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936).

Pyrola grandiflora Rad. [P.. rotundifolia L. ssp. grandiflora (Rad.) Andres; var. punila Hörnern. ] "Arctic or Large-flowered Wintergreen". Rhizoraatous 5capose perennial forbs on w shore of Ellis Bay and Chariot Pt. (Raup 1936). On Sask. lise of rare plants.

Pyrola minor L. "Lesser Wintargreen" . Rhizomatous, scapose, perennial forbs in damp thickets or sandy lagoon lake margins at mouth of Chariot R. (Raup 1936).

Pyrola secunda L. [indud. var. obtusata Tarez. ] "One-sided Wintergreen". Rhizomatous, scapose, perennial forbs in fr-mes semi-open jP-tA(-wB), wB-wS(-jP) (-tA) , jP-bS(-wB), and bS woods on ridge slopes, usually with rock outcrops (o-ff, lff-f). In rich woods and timbered muskegs at Chariot Pt. (Raup 1936).

Pyrola virens Schweigger [P_. chlorantha Sw. ] "Green-flowered Wintergreen". Rhizomatous, scapose, perennial forbs in upland woods or damp thickets at mouth of Chariot R. and Charloe Pt. (Raup 1936).

50. FAMILY ERICACEAE (Heath Farn.):

Andromeda 00lifolia L. "Bog Rosemary". Low co medium evergreen shrubs in muskegs at Chariot Pt., mouth of Chariot R. , and Camsell Portage (Raup 1936). Ill

Arctostaphylos rubra (Rend. & Wils.) Fern. [A_. alpina (L.) Spreng. ssp. rubra (Rend. & Wils.) Hulc] "Red Alpine.Bearberry". Low trailing, deciduous shrubs along tnoi boggy drainages in bS woods, moi-drying bS Creed bogs and moi bases of rock-outcrops under gA-W-bS(-wB) woods (o, la). In muskeg timber at Chariot Pt. (Raup 1936). On Sask. list of rare plants.

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. [indud. var. adenocricha Fern. & Macbr. ; var. coactilis Fern. & Macbr.] "Common Bearberry or Kinnikinnick". Low, trailing, evergreen shrubs in dry-mes jP, jP-tA(-wB), jP-wB(-bS) and bS woods (ff-f, lc). In Lorado Nero L. Tailings on rocky raised area (o) ; on Gunnar (ff, lc), Lorado (o) and Cenex (vo) Mine waste-rock piles; at rocky edges of disturbed clearings (o). In dry upland woods and sandy or rocky hills at Chariot Pt. and Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936). •*

Chamaedaohne calvculata (L.) Moench- ."Leatherleaf". Medium ever- green shrubs in bS(-tL) creed bogs (c & d); in moi semi-open bS woods (ff, lc) ; on shrubby lake and stream shores (ff, lc & d) . In wet muskegs at Camsell Portage (Raup 1936).

Kalmia polifolia Wang. "Bog Laurel". Low or medium evergreen shrubs in open bS(-tL) creed bogs (f); on shrubby lake and stream 3hores (o). In muskegs ac Camsell Portage (Raup 1936).

Ledum groenlandicum Oeder. [L_. palustre ssp. groenlandicum (Oeder) Hulc.; var. latifolium (Ait.) Michx.] "Labrador Tea". Medium evergreen shrubs in moi-wet bS woods and bS(-tL) treed and open bogs (f-c St d) ; in fr-moi bS-mixed woods (f) ; on shrub shores (f) ; in most other fr-moi types (ff-f). In Lorado Nero L. Tailings on •Urn-

112

rocky higher surfaces (o) , on mes-moi borders to bS and gA-W(-bS) woods (vo); in Gunnar Main Tailings on moi borders to bS woods and in drowned-out bS island (vo) ; on rubbly base of Cayzor- Athabasca Mine waste-rock piles (o, Iff); colonizing moi edges of disturbed clearings (o, Iff). In muskegs at Ellis Bay (Raup 1936). •

Ledum palustre L. var. decumbens Ait. [L_. decumbens (Ait.) Lodd.] "Harrow-leaved or Northern Labrador Tea". Low to medium evergreen shrubs in wet open bS(-cL) bogs (o, 1c) .

Oxycoccus microcarpus Turcz. [Vaccinium oxycoccus L. var. ovalifoliutn Michx.; var. intermedium A. Gray] "Swamp or Bog Cranberry". Low, tiny, prostrate, evergreen shrubs on wet sphagnum moss in open and bS(-tL)-treed bogs and wet semi-open bS woods (f, la). On mossy hummocks in wet muskegs at Chariot Pt. (Raup 1936).

Vaccinium nrvrtilloides Michx. "Canada Blueberry". Medium deciduous shrubs in all i closed fr-tnes (-moi) coniferous or mixed woods (ff, If). Ac moi rubbly and mud-flat outwash base of Lorado Mine waste-rock pile (vo).

Vaccinium uliginosum L. "Bog 3ilberry". Low to medium deciduous forbs at Crackingscone Pt. (Raup 1936).

Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. asp. minus Lodd. "Lingen-berry; Bog Cranberry; Dry-ground Cranberry; Mountain Cranberry; Cow-berry". Low, ± prostrate, evergreen shrubs nearly ubiquitous in all fr- moi forest types and shrub thickets, especially with bS (f-a); on open rock outcrops (o); in "drier" bS bogs (o-ff, If); at raoi 113

edges of disturbed clearings and roadsides (ff-f, lc). In Lorado Nero L. Tailings on rocky raised area (o); at moi edges of old-diaCurbed clearings at all Mine and Mill operations sites (ff, lf-c). In muskegs or dry sandy woods at Cornwall Bay and Cypress Pt. (Raup 1936).*

51. FAMILY PRIMULACEAE (Primrose Fam.):

Androsace sepcencrionalis L. [includ. var. puberuletita (Itydb.) Knuth; var. subulifera Gray; var. diffusa (Small) Knuth; var. robusta St. John] "Northern Androsace". Small tufted annual or biennial forbs on sandy banks or rocky hills at Chariot Pt. (Raup 1936).

Lysimachia thyrsiflora L. .[Naumbergia thyrsiflora (L.) Reicht.] "Tufted Loosestrife". Rhizomatous perennial-forbs on river-bank under wB-wS-bS-rA-W shore-edge woods (If).

Pr^ula miscassinica Michx. "Dwarf Canada or Bird's-eye Primrose". Perennial scapose forbs on W. shore of Ellis Bay (Raup 1936). On .Sask. list of rare plants.

52. FAMILY GENTIANACEAE (Gentian Fam.):

Gentian a amarella L. ssp. acuta (Michx.) Hulc. [_G. acuta Michx.; Gentianella amarella (L.) Borner ssp. acuta (Michx.) Gillett] "Northern Gentian; Felwort". Annual or biennial forbs on moi mud-flat edge of clearing to bS woods at Cinch L. (o, If). At Fishhook Bay (Raup 1936). 114

53. FAMILY APOCYNACEAE (Dogbane Fam.):

Aoocynum andr03aemifolium L. "Spreading Dogbane". Perennial forbs on higher, fr-mes, open cA- or wB-mixed wooded banks above Fredette a., at Uranium City (If). On dolomitic hill3 near base of Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936).

54. FAMILY HYDROPHYLLACEAE (Water-leaf Fam.):

Phaeelia franklinii (R. Br.) A. Gray "Scorpion Weed; Franklin.'s Phacelia". Biennial forbs on dry rock-outcrop ridges, open or under semi-open jP-tA woods (o, lff-f); in open sandy or gravelly clearings (ff, If). On Lorado and Cenex Mine waste-rock piles (0, If); in dry disturbed clearings at Cenex Mine operations sice (ff, If); in other disturbed clearings (o-ff).

55. FAMILY LABIATAE'(LAMIACEAE) ('lint Fam.):

Dracoceohalum parviflorum Nutt. [Moldavica sarviflora (Nuct.) Britt.] "American Dragonhead". Annual or biennial forbs on dry rock-outcrop ridge summit and se slopes with open jF-cA woods at Uranium City (vo, Iff). In dry openings and clearings near base of Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936).

Lycopus uniflorus Michx. "Northern Water-Horehound; Bugle-weed". Perennial forbs on gravelly shore of Crackingstone R. near Nero L. (0, If).

Mentha arvensi3 L. var. villusa (Benth.) Stewart. [includ. var. glabrata (Benth.) Fern.] "Wild Mint". Perennial forbs on stream and lake 3hores (0, If). In Gunnar Langley Bay Tailings on aoi- wet silt/ beach-flats (0, lc). 115

Scutellaria epilobiifolia Hamilton [S_. galeri culata L. var. ep.ilobiifolia (Hamilt.) Jordal; var. oufaescens Benth.] "Marsh Skullcap". Perennial forfas on wet, rocky, open or light-wooded shores of Crackingstone R. (ff, lf-a).

56. FAMILY SCROPHULARIACEAE (Figwort or Snapdragon Fam.) :

Castilleja raupii Pennell. [includ. ssp.•ursina Pennell; _C. pallida ssp. aeotentrionalis sensu 3reitung, not (Lindi.) Pennell] Loosely tufted perennial forbs on mes-moi open, silty, upper beach bordering gA-W shore shrub 2one at Langley Bay (vo). On Gunnar Langley Bay Tailings on tnes-moi border to gA-W-cA woods (vo). On tie shore of Ellis Bay, mouth of Chariot R. , and w shore of Ellis Bay (Raup 1936).

Euphrasia subarctica Raup. [E_. disjuncta Fern. & Wieg.; var. dolosa Boivin; E_. aretica auct. , not Lange] "Eye-bright". Annual forbs in damp mossy rock crevices or in muskeg at Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936). On Sask. list of rare plants.

Pedicularis labradorica Wirsing. "Labrador Lousewort". Biennial forbs in dry-fr semi-open bS woods (r). On Sask. list of rare plants.

Rhinanthus crista-galli L. [includ. SL. borealis (Sterneck) Druce; R. krrolae Chab.] "Yellow Rattle". Annual forbs at open edges of rA-gA-W(-bS) thickets (vo, If). In Gunnar Langley Bay Tailings on mes edge to rA-gA-W-tA thicket woods (vo, If). In damp thickets at Fishhook Bay (Raup 1936). On Sask. list of rare plants. 116

Veronica peregrina L. var. xalapensis (H.B.K.) Pennell "Hairy Speedwell". Weedy annual forbs on open tnoi silty lake beach ac Langley Bay (vo) .

57. FAMILY LENTI3ULARIACEAE (Bladderwort 7am.):

Pinguicula villosa L. "Hairy Butterwort". Small scapose perennial forbs on mossy hummocks in muskeg at Chariot Pt. (Raup 1936). On Sask. list of rare plants.

Utricularia intermedia Hayne. "Flat-leaved Bladderwort". Perennial submersed aquatic forbs in 3hallow-water of marshy 3luggish stream shores and in wet depressions and ponds in sedge-fens (ff, la). In muskeg pond near Chariot R. mouth (Raup 1936) .

Utricularia minor L. "Lesser Bladderwort". Perennial submersed aquatic forbs- in shallow-water sedge-marshy shores of sluggish streams and quiet lake bays (o), and in sedge-fen pond edges (o).

Utricularia vulgaris L. var. americana A. Gray []J. macrorrhiza La Conte] "Greater Bladderwort". Perennial submersed aquatic forbs in ponds, and quiet lake and sluggish stream edges (ff, If). In shallow pond at Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936).

58. FAMILY PLANTAGINACEAE (Plantain Fam.):

PIantago major L. "Common Plantain" . Tufted scapose perennial forbs along dry-mes roadsides and in sandy or gravelly disturbed clearings (ff); in Lorado Nero L. Tailings on dry looser substrate (o, Iff); in Gunnar Main Tailings on tnoi-wet lower mud-flats toward edges of cattail/sedge marsh ponds (vo); in old-disturbed clearings at Gunnar, Lorado, Cenex and Cayzor-Athabasca Mill and Mine operations sices (a, Iff). 117

59. FAMILY RUBIACEAE (Madder Fam.):

Galium boraale L. [£. septentrionale Roem. & Schulc] "Northern Bedstraw". Perennial forbs on moi open lake shore and on rock- outcrops ridge slope under open tA-jP woods at Langley Bay (o, Iff). In Gunnar Langley Bay Tailings on tnes border to W-gA-eA woods (o). *

Galium trifidum L. [includ. var. pusillum Gray; G_. brandegei Gray] "Small Bedstraw". Slender, matted, ± prostrate, perennial forbs on moi, ± opeg., sedge-marshy, mossy, rocky or silty lake and river shores (ff, la). In Gunnar Langley 3ay Tailings on moi- wet silty beach flats (o, ia). On bank of Chariot R. and at Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936).

60. FAMILY CAPRIFOLIACEAE (Honeysuckle Fam.):

Linnaea borealis L. ssp. americanus (Forbes) Hulten "Twin-flower", Low, trailing, evergreen shrubs on mossy floor of (dry-) fr-mes (-moi) jP-wB-bS, bS, wB-wS, tA, and tA-jP woods (ff, If in patches). In rich woods at Chariot Pt. (Raup 1936).

Lonicera dioica L. var. glaucescens (Rydb.) Butters "Twining Honeysuckle". Medium, i twining shrubs in open upland woods at Chariot Pt. and Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936).

SvniJhoricaroos albus (L.) Blake [S_. racemosus Michx.; S_. paucJ.florus (Rob.) Brict.] "White Snowberry". Low to mostly mediv.m deciduous shrubs in open, mostly aspen, woods at Chariot Pt. (Raup 19 36). 118

Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf. "Lowbush Cranberry". Medium deciduous shrubs in fr-mes (-moi) semi-open wB-wS-tA, wB-jP-wS, and bS woods (o, lff-f); on mes-moi, open or ± shrubby shores (ff, If); in semi-open gA(-rA)-W shore thickets (o, Iff). In open woods at Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936).

• 61. FAMILY CAMPANULACSAE (Bluebell or Harebell Fam.):

Campanula rotundifolia L. "Bluebell; Harebell". Rhizomatous perennial forbs on open sandy slopes and in dry-fr open jP, tA- jP(-wB), wB-bS woods, often with rock-outcrops (ff, If). On Cenex Mine waste-rock pile (o, Iff); in dry, old-disturbed clearings at Lorado and Cenex Mine operations site$ (o, If). In open woods or rocky hills at Chariot Pt., island near Chariot Pt., Cornwall Bay and hills s of Wabba L. (Raup 1936).

62. FAMILY COMPOSITAE (ASTERACEAE) (Aster Fam.):

Achille a borealis Bong. [A., mi Hi folium L. var. nigrescens Meyer; A. nigrescens (Mey.) Rydb.] "Northern Yarrow". Perennial forbs on sandy upper beaches of lakes (o, If); on open rock-outcrop shore cliffs (ff, If); in dry-mes natural and disturbed clearings and roadsides (ff, If). In Lorado Nero L. Tailings on dry looser substrate (vo); in Gunnar Main Tailings on mes-moi , tighter, semi- vegetated, salt-encrusted substrate (o, Iff) ; in old-disturbed clearings of Gunnar Mine/Mill/Village and Lorado, Cenex and Cayzor-Athabasca Mine operations sites (ff, If). On rocky or sandy shores, or ridges at Chariot Pt. and Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936).* 119

Achillea lanulosa Mutt. [A_. millefolium L. asp. lanulosa (Nutt.) Piper] "Wooly Yarrow". Perennial forfas on dry-fr, open, high, N.-facing, rock-outcrop, ridge slopes under open bS woods at Cinch L. (ff, If). *

Achillea sibirica Ledeb. "Siberian Yarrow". Perennial forbs in moi open bS woods on lower ridge slopes (o, If); on moi sandy beaches (o, If); in moi edges of disturbed clearings and roadside ditches (o, If). On Gunnar Mine waste-rock pile (vo); in moi old-disturbed clearings at C-unnar Mine/Mill/Village site (o, If).

Achillea sibirica Ledeb. X A. borealis Bong. At Uranium City, in tnoi roadside ditch clearing to base of bS-wB-wooded ridge slope (vo, lc in single hybrid colony).

Antennaria neglecta Greene var. neglecta. [A. campestris Rydb.] "Prairie Pussytoes". Perennial long-stoloniferous forbs on rocky shores at Chariot Pt. (Raup 1936).

Antennaria nitida Greene. [A_. rose a var. nitida (Greene) Breit.] "Neat Pussytoes". Perennial, stoloniferous, matted, perennial forbs in dry woods at Cornwall Bay and hills s of Wabba L. (Raup 1936).

Antennaria parvifolia Nutt. [^. microohylla Rydb.] "Low or Small- leaved Pussy-toes". Perennial, stoloniferous, matted, perennial forbs in open wB-tA(-jP-bS) on rock-outcrop ridge slopes at Lorado (ff, lc).

Antennaria rose a Ci.C. Eaton) Greene. [A_. dioica (L.) Gaertn.; A_. oxyphvlla Greene] "Pink Pussy-toes". Perennial, long-stoloni- ferous forbs in open jP-wB-bS and jP woods on rock-outcrops (o, 1c); in aes clearings (o, 1c). In old-disturbed clearing at ;*!!,

120

Cenex Mine operations sice (o, If). In dry upland woods ac Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936). *

Arnica alpina (L.) Olin sap. actenuaca (Greene) Maguire. "Sharp-leaved Arctic Arnica". Rhizomatous perennial forbs on rocky outcrops on small island at base of Chariot Pt. (Raup 1936). On Sask. Use of rare plants.

Arnica lonchoohylla Greene ssp. lonchophvlla [A_. chionapappa sensu Raup, not Fern.] "Spear-leaved Arnica". Rhizomatous perennial forbs in dry upland woods at Chariot Ft. , Camsell Portage, hills N.E. of Cornwall Bay, and Fishhook Bay (Raup 1936). On Sask. list of rare plant3.

Artemisia biennia Willd. "Biennial Wormwood". Weedy biennial forbs in disturbed dry gravelly waste area in Uranium City townsice (vo); in dry, sandy, old-disturbed clearings at Gunnar Mine/Mill/Village site (ff).

Artemisia camoestris L. var. borealis (Pall.) Cronq. "Northern Wormwood". Perennial forbs on open rock-outcrop shore ridge slopes at Langley and Lodge Bays (f). In open gravelly, old- disturbed clearings at Cenex Mine operations site (o, lff-f).*

Artemisia camoestris L. var. scouleriana (Bess.) Cronq. [includ. var. canadensis (Michx.) Scoggan richardsoniana (3ess.) Boivin; A. canadensis Michx.1 "Northern Plains Wormwood". Perennial forbs on open rock-outcrop ridge slope at Langley 3ay (f). In open gravelly clearings at Cenex Mine operations site (o). On sandy or rocky shores, or hills at Ellis Bay, Chariot Pt., hills s of Wabba L., and Cornwall 3ay (Raup 1936). * 122

Erigeron acris L. var. asteroides (Andrz.) DC. "Tall White Flea- bane". Biennial forbs in mes-moi semi-open bS, wB-tA, and jP- wB-bS woods and gA-W(-bS) thickets (o, Iff). In Lorado Nero L. Tailings on mes-moi borders to bS and gA-W woods/thickets (vo); in Gunnar Main Tailings on moi borders to bS woods and in drowned-out bS "island" (ff) and on mes-moi, tighter, semi- vegetated, salt-encrusted substrate (vo); in old-disturbed clearing at Lorado Nero L. Mill operations site (ff). In clearings, damp meadows, or on stream margins in hills s of Wabba L. and N.E. of Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936). *

Erigeron elatus (Hooker) Greene. [E_. acris var. elatus (Hook.) Cronq.; var. arcuans Fern.1 "Tall Fleabane". Biennial forbs in muskegs or at wet slough margins at mouth of Chariot R. and Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936). On Sask. list of rare plants.

Erigeron glabellus Mutt, [includ. var. pubescens Hook.] "Smooth Fleabane". Perennial forbs in open, moi, marshy, ravine,small, drainage channel at Jean L. (ff); in semi-open bS shore woods at Cinch L. (If).

Erigeron lonchophyllus Hook. "Hirsute Fleabane". Biennial forbs in Gunnar Main Tailings on mes-moi, tighter, semi-vegetated, salt-encrusted substrate (vo).

Gnaohalium uliginosum L. "Marsh Cudweed". Small annual introduced forbs on mes-moi, open, silty beach at Langley Bay (f).

Hieracium umbellatum L. [H_. scabriusculum Schweia.; var. Columbianum (Rydb.) Lepage] "Harrow-leaved Havkveed". Perennial forbs in fr-mes semi-open upland bS-jP-wB, bS-w3, and tA-jP(-wB) 123

woods (o, Iff); on mes open higher scream banks and upper lake beaches (o, Iff). In Lorado Nero L. Tailings on dry looser substrate (o), and on gravelly raised areas (o, Iff); in Gunnar Main Tailings on mes-moi, tighter, semi-vegetated, salt-encrusted substrate (o, Iff), and on dry, open, loose, sandy substrate (vo, If); on Gunnar and Cenex Mine waste-rock piles (vo-o) ; in old- disturbed clearings at Gunnar Mine/Mill/Village 3ice (ff). At Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936).*

Matricaria maritima L. var. agresttis (Knaf.) Wilm. "Scentless Chamomila". Annual introduced forbs in Uranium City town-site waste area (vo).

Matricaria matTicarioides (Less.) Porter "Pineapple Weed". Annual forbs in fr-mes disturbed clearings at Uranium City town- site. In Lorado Nero L. Tailings-on dry looser substrate (o); weed at Cenex Mine operations site (ff, If).

Petasites frigidus (L.) Fries var. nivalis (Greene) Cronq. [P_. vitifolius Greene; P_. hyoerboreus Rydb.] "Vine-leaved or Northern Colt'3-foot". Rhizomatous perennial forbs on moss in mes-moi wS-bS-wB-rA-W river-edge woods below Cinch L. (vo, lc in colony). In-upland muskegs .on wet meadows in hills tie of Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936).

Petasites o alma tug (Ait.) Gray. [P_. frigidus var. palmatus (Ait.) Cronq-.] "Palmate-leaved Colt's-foot". Rhizomatous perennial forbs in moi mossy bS woods and "dryish" bS treed bogs (ff, If in colonies). On tnoi-wet mud-flat edges of disturbed clearings (o). In muskeg 5 of Wabba L. (Raup 1936). 124

Senecio congestus (R.Br.) DC. var. paluscris (L.) Fern. "Marsh Ragwort". Annual or biennial forbs on moi 9andy beach shore- line at Gunnar (o). In Gunnar Langley Bay Tailings on moi-wec silty beach-flats (o).*

Senecio indecorus Greene. "Unsightly Groundsel". Perennial forbs along open moi-wet, mossy, small, drainage channels (o, Iff); open stream banks or under mes-moi wB-bS-wS-rA-W stream-edge woods (o, Iff); in open, moi, lake flood-plain sedge-meadow (ff). In lowland wet meadows at Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936).

Senecio pauciflorus Pursh. "'Few-flowered Groundsel". Perennial forbs in dry-fr, semi-open, bS woods along small channels near Nero L. (o). On Sask. list of rare plants.

Senecio pauperculis Michx. "Depauperate Groundsel". Perennial forbs on moi shore rock-outcrops at Lodge Bay (If). In muskegs, rich woods, damp meadows or shores at Chariot Pt. , Cornwall 3ay, and Fishhook Bay (Raup 1936).

Senecio streotanthifolius Greene. [S_. cvmbalarloides auct.,not Nutt.] "Northern Groundsel". Perennial forbs on dry-fr rock- outcrop ridges, open or under semi-open jP, jP-cA(-wB), and

. jP-wB-bS woods (o-ff, If). In dry gravelly old-disturbed clearings at Lorado Nero L. Mill and Cenex Mine operations sices (o, Iff); in other disturbed clearings (o, Iff). On Sask. list of rare plants.

Solidagp canadensis L. var. salebrosa (Piper) Jones. [S_. lepida DC; ,§_. elongata Nutt. ; S_. lepida var. elongata (Muct.) ?em] 125

"Canada or Graceful Goldenrod". Rhizomatous perennial fosba on

open shrubby slope and grassy ditch near Fredecta R. at Uranium

Cicy (vo, If).

Solidago neaoralis Ait. var. longipetiolata (Mack. & Bush) Palmar and Sceyerm. [includ. var. decemflora Fern.] "Showy or Woodland Goldenrod". Perennial forbs on dry-mes rock-outcrop ridge-slopes, in open or under semi-open jP, tA-jP, jP-wB-bS, wB-wS and bS upland woods (£f).

Solidago soathulata DC. var. neomexicana (Gray) Cronq. [SL decumbens Greene var. oreophila (Rydb.) Fern.] "Mountain Golden- rod". Perennial forbs on open rock-outcrop shore cliffs and ridges (ff) ; in dry-fr semi-open jP, jP-cA,. jP-wB-bS ridge woods (o, Iff). In Lorado Nero L. Tailings on dry looser substrate and gravelly raised areas 'vo); in Gunnar Main Tailings on mes-moi, tighter, semi-vegetated, salt-encrusted substrate (o); on Gunnar Mine waster-rock piles (o); in dry rocky old-disturbed clearings at Guanar Mine /Mill/Village site (ff). At nw Black Bay and Cornwall Bay (Raup 1936).

Taraxacum ceratoohorum (Ledeb.) DC. [includ. J_. lace rum Greene: T. dttmorum (Greene) Rydb.; £. lapoonicum Kihlm. ] "Homed Dandelion". In damp rock crevices, on gravelly beaches among conglomerate or dolomicic rocks, or in open woods and clearings at Cornwall Bay and Chariot Pt. (Raup 1936). On 5ask. list of rare plants.

Taraxacum offidnale Weber. "Common Dandelion". Introduced weedy perennial forbs in dry-fr disturbed clearings, eownsica and roadsides (o-ff, If). In Gunnar Main Tailings on mes-moi, tighter, semi-vegetated, salt-encrusted substrate Co, If;. -126-

APPENDDC B

• REFERENCE INDEX' OF PLANT TAXA

WITH INDICATIONS OF NATURALLY

COLONIZING PLANTS ON URANIUM MILL TAILINGS,

MINE WASTES, AND OTHER HUMAN-DISTURBED .SITES -127-

APPENDIX B

REFERENCE INDEX OF PLANT TAXA, WITH INDICATIONS OF NATURALLY COLONIZING PLANTS ON URANIUM MILL TAILINGS, MINE WASTES, AND OTHER HUMAN-DISTURBED SITES

Arranged alphabetically by scientific names within each major group of nacrophytes -lichens, bryophytes, and vascular plants. LEGEND:"D" - on any human disturbed sites. "M" - on uranium mine wastes. "T" - on uranium mill tailings: (L - Lorado Mill; G - Gunnar Mill). * - with revegetation potential ** - with high revegetation potential *** - with highest revegetation potential

I. LICHENS Cetraria halei W. & C. Culb. (Fam. 3 - Parmeliaceae). Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach. (Fam. 3 - Parmeliaceae) M. Cetraria nivalis (L.) Ach. (Fam. 3 - Parmeliaceae). Cetraria pinastri (Scop.) S. Gray (Fam. 3 - Parmeliaceae). Cladina mitis (Sanst.) Hale & Culb. (Fam. 1 - Cladoniceae. Cladina rangiferina (L.) Harm. (Fam.l - Cladoniaceae). Cladina stellaria (Opiz) Brodo (Fam. 1 - Cladoniceae). Cladonia amaurocraea. (Florke) Schaer. (Fam. 1 - Cladoniaceae) M. Cladonia botrytes (Hag.) Willd. (Fam. 1 - Cladoniaceae) D. Cladonia cameo la (Fr.) Fr. (Fam. 1 - Cladoniaceae). Cladonia cenotea (Ach.) Schaer. (Fam. 1 - Cladoniaceae) M. Cladonia chlorophaea (Florke) Spreng. (Fam. 1 - Cladoniaceae) M,T(G). Cladonia coecifera (L.) Willd. (Fam. 1 - Cladoniaceae). Cladonia coniocraea (Floerke) Spreng. (Fam. 1 - Cladoniaceae) M,T(G), Cladonia cornuta (L.) Hoffm. (Fam. 1 - Cladoniaceae) D,M,T(L,G). Cladonia cristatella Tuck. (Fam. 1 - Cladoniaceae) D,T(L). Cladonia cyanipea (Somm.) Myl. (Fam. 1 - Cladoniaceae) M. Cladonia deformis (L.) Hoffm. (Fam. 1 - Cladoniaceae). Cladonia fimbriata (L.) Fr. (Fam. 1 - Cladoniaceae) M. Cladonia gonecfaa (Ach.) Asah (Fam. 1 - Cladoniaceae) T(L). Cladonia gracilis (L.) Willd. (Fam. 1 - Cladoniaceae) M,T(L,G). Cladonia pleurota (Florke) Schaer. (Fam. 1 - Cladoniaceae) T(G). Cladonia pyxidata (L.) Hoffm. (Fam. 1 - Cladoniaceae) M. Cladonia uncialis (L.) Wigg. (Fam. 1 - Cladoniaceae) M. Cladonia spp. (Fam. 1 - Cladoniaceae). Svernia aesomorpha Nyl. (Fam. 6 - Usneaceae). cf. Haematoma sp. (Fam. 2 - Lecanoraceae) M. Hypogymnia physodes (L.) W. Wats. (Fam. 3 - Parmeliaceae) T(L). -128- I. Lichens (Cont'd) Parmelia sulcaca Tayl. (Fam. 3 - Parmeliaceae) M. Parmeliopsis ambigua (Wulf.)' Nyl. (Fam. 3 - Parmeliaceae) T(L). Peltigera aphthosa (L.) Willd. (Fam. 4 - Pelcigeraceae) D. PelCigera canina (L.) Willd. (Fam. 4 - Peltigeraceae) M. Peltigera malacea (Ach.) Funck. (Fam. 4 - Pelcigeraceae) M. PelCigera polydactyla (Neck.) Hoffm. (Fam. 4 - Peltigeraceae). PelCigera sp. Stereocaulon tomentosum Fr. (Fam. 5 - Stereocaulaceae). Stereocaulon 3p• (Fam. 5 - Stereocaulaceae). Xanthoparmella centrifuga (L.) Hale (7am. 3 - Parmeliaceae).

II. BRYOPHYTES (MOSSES AND LIVERWORTS)

Amblystegium serpens (Hedw,) B.S.G. (Fam. 5 - Amblystegiaceae). Andraea rupestris Hedw. (Fam. 6 - Andreaceae). Aulacomnium palustre (Hedw.) Schwaegr. (Fam. 7 - Àulacomniaceae) D,T(L). Barbilophozia hacacheri (Evans) Loesk. (Fam. 2 - Lophoziaceae). Brachythecimn curgidum (C.J. Hartm.) Kindb. (Fam. 8 - Brachytheciaceaa) T(L) Brachythecium spp. (Fam. 8 - Brachytheciaceae) T(L). Bryum llsae De Sot var. cuspidatum (B.S.G.) Marg. (Fam. 9 - Bryaceae) T(G). Bryum pseudotriquetrum (Hedw.) Gaertn., Mey. & Scherb (Fam. 9 - Bryaceae) M,T, Bryum spp. (Fam. 9 - Bryaceae) T(G). Calliergon cordifolium (Hedw.) Kindb. (Fam· 5 - Amblystegiaceae). Calliergon giganteum (Schimp) Kindb. (Fam. - Amblystegiaceae). Calliergon richardsonii (Mitt.) Kindb. (Fam. 5 -Amblystegiaceae). Calypogeia sphagnicola (Arn. & Perss·) Warnst, and Loeske. (Fam. 10 - Calypogeiaceae). Cephalozia meadia Lindb • (Fam. 1 - Cephaloziaceae). Cephalozia sp. (Fam. 1 - Cephaloziaceae). Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid. (Fam. 13 - Dicrichaceae) D,M,T(L,G). Climacium dendroides (Hedw.) Web. and Mohr · (Fam. 11 - Climaciaceae). Cladopodiella fluitans (Nees) Spruce. (Fam. 1 - Cephaloziaceae) T(L). Cratoneuron filicinum (Hedw.) Spruce (Fam. 5 -Amblystegiaceae). Cynodontium strumifarum (Hedw.) Lindb. (Fam. 12 - Dicranaceae). Dicranella sp. (Fam. 12 - Oicranaceae). Dicranum acutifolium (Lindb. and Arnell) C Jens. (Fam. 12 - Dicranaceae). Dicranum polyseturn Sw. (Fam. 12 - Dicranaceae). Dicranum scoparium Hedw. (Fam. 12 - Dicranaceae). Dicranum undulatum Brid. (Fam. 12 - Dicranaceae). Ditrichum cylindricum (Hedw.) Grout (Fam. 13 - Ditrichaceae). Drepanocladus aduncus (Hedw.) Warnst. (Fam. 5 - Amblystegiaceae) M,T(L). Drepanocladus escanulatus (B.S.G.) Warnst. (Fam. 5 - Amblystegiaceae). Drepanocladus fluitans (Hedw.) Warnst. (Fam. 5 - Amblystegiaceae) T(L). Drepanocladus revolvens (Sw.) Warnst. (Fam. 5 - Amblystegiaceae). Drepanocladus uncinatus (Hedw.) Warnst. (Fam. 5 - Amblystegiaceae) T(L). Hedwigia ailiata (Hedw.) P. Beauv. (Fam. 15 - Hedwigiaceae). Helodium blandowii (Web. & Mohr.) Warnst. (Fam. 22 - Thuidiaceae). Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) B.S.G· (Fam. 16 - Hylocomiaceae) M. -129-

II. Bryophytes (Mosses and Liverworts) (Cont'd)

Leptobryua pyriforme (Hedw.) Mils. (Fam. 9 - Bryaceae) D,M,T(G). Marehantia polymorpha L. (Fam. 3 - Marchantiaceae). Mylia anomala (Hook.) S. Gray. (Fam. 19 - Plagiochilaceae). Plagiomnium elliptieum (Brid.) Kp. (Fam. 18 - Mniaceae) T(L). Pleurozium sehreberi (Brid.) Mict. (Fam. 14 - Entodontaceae). Pohlia autans (Hedw.) Lindb. (Fam. 9 - Bryaceae) D,M,T(L,G). Pohlia wahlenbergii (Web. and Mohr.) Andr. (Fam. 9 - Bryaceae). Polytrichum commune Hedw. (Fam. 20 - Polytrichaceae) T(L). Polytrichum juniperinum Hedw. (Fam. 20 - Polytrichaceae) D,M. Polytrichum piliferum Hedw. (Fam. 20 - Polytrichaceae) D,M,T(L). Polytrichum strictum Brid. (Fam 20 - Polytrichaceae). Ptilidium ciliare (L.) Hampe (Fam. 4 - Ptilidiaceae). Ptiliua crista-castrensis (Hedw.) de Not. (Fam. 17 - Hypnaceae). Sphagnum contortum Schultz. (Fam. 21 - Sphagnaceae). Sphagnum falla* Klinggr. (Fam. 21 - Sphagnaceae). Sphagnum fuacum (Schimp.) Klinggr. (Fam. 21 - Sphagnaceae). Sphagnum neaoreum Scop. (Fam. 21 - Sphagnaceae). Sphagnum riparium Angstr. (Fam. 21 - Sphagnaceae) T(L). Sphagnum russowii Warnst. (Fam. 21 - Sphagnaceae). Sphagnum teres·(Schimp.) Angstr. (Fam. 21 - Sphagnaceae). Sphagnum waynstorfii Russ. (Fam. 21 - Sphagnaceae). Thuidium abietinum (Hedw.) 3.S.G. (Fam.. 22 - Thuidiaceae). Tritamaria quinquedentata (Huds.) Buch. (Fam. 2 - Lophoziaceae) T(G),

III. VASCULAR PLANTS

Achillea borealis Bong (Fam. 62 - Compositae) D,T(L,G).* Achillea sibirica Ledeb. (Fam. 62 - Composicae) D,M. Achillea laaulo"sum Mutt. (Fam. 62 - Ccmpositae) .* Achillea sibirica Ledeb. X A_ borealis Bong. (Fam. 62 - Compositae) D. Actaea rubra (Aiton) Willd. (Fam. 29 - Ranunculaceae). Agropyron trachycaulma (Link.) Malte var. trachycaulum (Fam. 12 - Gramineae) D,M,T(L,G).** Agropyron trachycaulum (Link.) Malte var. unilaterale (Cass.) Malta (Fam. 12 - Gramineae) D,M,T(L,G).** Agrostis borealis Hartm. (Fam. 12 - Gramineae). Agrostis scabra Willd. (Fam. 12 - Gramineae) D,M,T(L,G).** Alliua schoenoorasum L. var. sibiricum (L.) Hartm. (Fam. 17 - Liliaceae). Alnua crispa (AitdnT Pursh var. crispa (Fam. 22 - Betulaceae) D,M,I(L,G).*** Alnus crispa (Aicon) Pursh var. elongata Raup (Fam. 22 - Betulaceae) D,T(L).* Alnua rugosa (Du-Roi) Spreng. (Fam. 22 - Betulaceae) T(L,G). Alopecurus aequalis Sobal (Fam. 12 - Gramineae) D,T(G). Amelanchier alnifolia (Hutt.) Nutt. (Fam. 35 - Rosaceae). Andromeda polifolia L. (Fam. 50 - Ericaceae). Androsace septentrionalis L. (Fam. 51 - Frimulaceae). Anemone multifida Poir. (Fam. 29 - Ranunculaceae). Anemone patens L. var. wolfgangiana (Bess.) Koch (Fam. 29 - Ranunculaceae). Anemone richardsonii Hooker (Fam. 29 - Ranunculaceae). -no- ni. Vascular Plants (Cont'd) Aatennaria nitida Greene (Fam. 62 - Compositae). Antennaria neglecta Greene var. neglecta (Fam. 62 - Compositae)* Antennaria parvifolia Nutt. (Fam. 62 - Compositae). Antennaria rosea (O.C. Eaton) Greene (Fam. 62 - Composicae) D.* Apoeynua androsaemifolium L. (Fam. 53 - Apocynaceae). Aquilegia brevistyla Hooker (Fam. 29 - Ranunculaceae). Arabia arenicola (Richards.) Gelert (Fam. 31 - Cruciferae). Arabis divaricarpa A. Nels · (Fam. 31 - Cruciferae). Arabis hirsuta (L.) Scop. var. pycnùcarpa (Hopkins) Rollins (Fam. 31 - Cruciferae). Arabis holboellii Hörnern, var. retrofracta (Graham) Rydb . (Fam. 31 - Cruciferae) D,M,T(L). Arabis lyrata L. (Fam. 31 - Cruciferae). Aralla nudicaulis L. (Fam. 46 - Araliaceae). Arctostaphylos rubra (Rehd. & Wils.) Fern. (Fam. 50 - Ericaceae). Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. (Fam. 50 - Ericaceae) D,M,T(L).** Arenaria lateriflora L. (Fam. 27 - Caryophyllaceae) T(L,G). Arenaria macrophylla Hooker (Fam. 27 - Caryophyllaceae). Arenaria rubella (Wahlenb.) So. (Fam. 27 - Caryophyllaceae). Arenaria strierà Michx. var. dawsonensis (Briet.) Scoggan (Fam. 27 - Caryophyllaceae)• Arnica alpina (L.) Olin ssp. attenuata (Greene) Macguire (Fam. 62 - Composicae). Arnica lonchophyllâ Greene ssp· lonchophylla (Fam. 62 - Composicae). Artemisia biennis Willd. (Fam. 62 - Compositae) 0. Artremisia eampestris L. var. borealis (Pall.) Cronq. (Fam. 62 - Compositae) D.* Artemisia campestris L. var. scouleriana (Bess.) Cronq. (Fam. 62 - Composicae) M.* Artemisia frigida Willd. (Fam. 62 - Compositae).* Aster brachyactis Blake (Fam. 62 - Compositae) T(G). Aster cillolatus Lindi. (Fam. 62 - Composicae) D,T(G). Astragalus alpinua L. var. alpinus (Fam. 36 - Leguminosae) 0.* Astragalus bodinll Sheld. (Fam. 36 - Leguminosae) D.* Astragalus eucosmus Robinson (Fam· 36 - Leguminosae). Barbarea orthoceras Ledeb. (Fam. 31 - Cruciferae) D. Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fern. (Fam. 12 - Graminae) D,T(G). Betula glandulifera (Regel) Butler (Fam. 22 - Betulaceao). Becula glandulosa Michx. (Fam. 22 - Betulaceae). Betula neoalaskana Sarg. (Farn. 22 - Betulaceae) D,M,T(L,G).*** Betula oceidentalls Hooker (Fam. 22 - Betulaceae. Betula papyrifera Marsh, var. commutata (Regel) Fern.(Fam· 22 - Betulaceae) M. Betula χ sargentii Dugle (Fam. 22 - Betulaceae. Bidens cernua L. (Fam. 62 - Compositae) 0. Bromus inerais Leyss. (Fam. 12 - Gramineae) D.* Bronus pumpellianus Scribn • (Fam. 12 - Gramineae).** Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) Beauv. (Fam. 12 - Gramineae) D,M,T(L,G). *-** Calamagrostis inexpensa A. Gray (Fam. 12 - Gramineae) D,T(L,G).** Calamagrostis lapponica (Wahl.) Harta. (Fam. 12 - Gramineae) T(G). -131-

III. Vascular Plants (Cont'd) Calamaarostis neglecta (Ehrh.) Gaertn., May. & Scherb· (Fam. 12 - a ~ Gramineae) D,M,T(G).** Calamagroetis purpurascens R. Br. (Fam. 12 - Gramineae). Calla palus tris L. (Fan. 14 -Araceae). Callitriche palustris L. (Fan. 28 - Callltrichaceae). Calypso bulbosa (L.) Oakes. (Fam. 19 - Orchidacaae). Campanula rotundifolia L- (Fam. 61 - Campanulaceae) D,M· Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic (Fam. 31 - Cruciferae) D. Cardamine pensylvanica Muhl. (Fam. 31 - Cruciferae) Care» abdica Bieten. (Fam. 13 - Cyperaceae) D. Carex aenea Fern. (Fam. 13 - Cyperaceae) D,M,T(L).* Care* äqüätilis Wahl. (Fam. 13 -Cyperaceae) D,M,T(L,G)** Carex atherodes Spreng. (Fam. 13 - Cyperaceae) T(G).** Carex bninnesce'ns (Pers.) Poir. (Fam. 13 - Cyperaceae) M. Carex buxbaumii Wahl. (Fam. 13 - Cyperaceae). Carex canes cens L. (Fam. 13 -Cyperaceae) M,T(L).* Carex capillaris L. (Fam. 13 - Cyperaceae). Carex chordorhiza L.f. (Fam. 13 -Cyperaceae). Carex concinna "RT Br. (Fam. 13 - Cyperaceae). Carex crawfordii Fern. (Fam. 13 -Cyperaceae) D.* Carex deflexa Hörnern. (Fam 13 - Cyperaceae) D.* Carex diandra Schrank. (Fam. 13 -Cyperaceae) T(L). Carex disperma Dewey (Fam. 13 -.Cyperaceae). Carex eburnea Boott. (Fam. 13 -Cyperaceae). Carex glacialis Mack. (Fam. 13 - Cyperaceae). Carex gynocfates Woraskj. (Fam. 13 - Cyperaceae). Carex lasiocarpa Ehrh. (Fam. 13 - Cyperaceae). Carex lenticularis Michx· (Fam. 13 -Cyperaceae). T(G). Carex loliacsae L. CFam. 13 - Cyperaceae). Carex magellanica Lam, var. irrigua (Wahl.) 3.S.P. (Fam. 13 - Cyperaceae). Carex norvegica Retz. (Fam. 13 - Cyperaceae). Carex oederi Retz. var. viridula Michx. (Fam. 13 - Cyperaceae) T(G). Carex peckii Howe (Fam. 13 - Cyperaceae). Carex rostrata Stokes (Fam. 13 -Cyperaceae) D,T(G).** Carex saxatilis L. (Fam. 13 - Cyperaceae). Carex scirpoideae (Michx.) (Fam. 13 - Cyperaceae). Carex siccata Dewey(Fam. 13 - Cyperaceae) D,T(L).* Carex supina Wahl, ssp. spaniocarpa (Steud.) Hulten (Fam. 13 - Cyperaceae). Carex tenuiflora Wahl. (Fam. 13 - Cyperaceae). Carex consa (Fern.) Bickn. (Faa. 13 - Cyperaceae) D.M.* arex vaginata Tausch. (Fam. 13 - Cyperaceae). Castille a raupii Pennell (Fam. 36 - Scrophulariaceae) T(G). Carastium alpinum L. (Fam. 27 - Caryophyllacaae). Cerastium beeringianum Cham. & Schlecht· (Fam. 27 - Caryophyllaceae). Cerastium nutans Raf• (Fam. 27 -Caryophyllaceae). Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench (Fam. 50 - Ericaceae). Chamaerhodos erecta (L.) Bunge var. auttallii Torr, and Gray (Fam. 35 - Rosaceae). Chenopodimn album L. (Fam. 26 - Chenopodiaceae) D,T(;)· Chenopodium capitatum (L.) Asch (Fam. 26 - Chenopodiaceae) D. -132- III. Vascular Plants (Cont'd) Cicuta bulbifera L. (Farn. 47 - anbeiliferae). Cicuta maculata L. (Fam. 47 - Umbelliferae). Conyza canadensis (Î..) Cronq. (Fam. 62 - Compositae) D. Corallorhiza trifida Chat. (Fam. 19 - Orchidaceae). Cornus canadensis L. (Fam. 48 - Cornaceae) D,M. Cornus stolonifera Miehx. (Fam. 48 - Cornaceae). Corydalis aurea Willd. (Fam. 30 - Fumariaceae) D,M. Corydalis sempervirens (L.) Pers. (Fam. 30 - Fumariaceae) Crépis Cectorum L. (Fam. 62 - ComposiCae) D,M,T(L). Cryptogramma crispa (L.) R. Br. ssp. acrostichoides (R. Br.) Suiten. Fam. 4 - Polypodiaceae). Cypripedium calceolus L. var. parviflorum (Salisb.) Fern. (Fam. 19 - Orchidaceae). Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. (Fam. 4 - Polypodiaceae). Danthonia spicata (L·) Bèauv. (Fam. 12 - Gramineae). Deschampsia caespitosa (L.) Beauv. (Fam. 12 - Gramineae) T(G).* 0aschampsia mackenzieana Raup (Fam. 12 - Gramineae) D,T(G).** ÏÏraba aurea M. Vani. (Fam. 31 - Cruciferae). Draba cana Rydb. (Fan. 31 - Cruciferae). Draba cinerea Adams (Fam. 31 - Cruciferae) . Dracocephalum parviflorum Nutc. (Fam. 55 - Labiatae) D. Drosera rotundifolia L. (Fam. 32 - Droseraceae). Dryas drummondii Richards (Fam. 35 - Rosaceae). Dryopteris fragrans (L.) Schott· (Fam. 4 -Polypodiaceae). Eleocharis acicularis (L.) Roem. and Schult. (Fam. 13 - Cyperaceae) D,T(G). Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roem. and Schult. (Farn. 13 - Cyperaceae) D,T(G).** Eleocharis quinqueflora (Hartm.) Schwartz (Fam. 13 - Cyperaceae) T(G).* Elymus arenarlus L. ssp. mollis (Trin · ) Huit. (Fam. 12 - Gramineae).** Spilobium angustiiοHum L. (Fam. 43 - Onagraceae) D,M,T(L,G).* Epilobium palustre L. (Fan. 43 - Onagraceae) T(L). Epilobium watsonii Barbey (Fam. 43 - Onagraceae) D,T(G).* Squisetum arrenae L. (Fan. 3 - Equisetaceae) D,M,T(L,G).* Equisetum fluviatile L. (Fam. 3 - Equisetaceae) D,T(L). * Equisetum hyeaale L. ssp. affine (Engela.) Stone (Fam. 5 - Equisetaceae) T(G).* Equisetum palustre L. (Fam. 3 -Equisetaceae) D,T(L,G). Equisetum scirpoides Michx. (Fam. 3 - Equisetaceae) T(L,G). Squisetum syIvaticum L. (Fam. 3 -Equisetaceae) D,M,T(L,G).* Erigeron acris L. var. asteroides (Andrz.) DC. (Fam. 62 - Compositae) • D,T(L,G).* Erigeron elatus (Hooker) Greene (Fam. 62 - Compositae). Erigeron glabellus Nutt. (Fam. 62 - Compositae). Erigeron lonchophyllua Hook. (Fam. 62 - Compositae) T(G). Eriophorum angustii oli um Honck. (Fam. 13 -Cyperaceae). Eriophorüm brachyantherum Traucv• (Fam. 13 - Cyperaceae) D,T(L).* Eriophorum chamissonis CA. Mey. var. albidum (Nyl.) Fenn. (Fam. 13 - Cyperaceae). Erysiaum inconspicuum (S. Wats.) MacM. (Fam. 31 - Cruciferae) D. Euphrasia subarctica Raup (Fam. 56 - Scrophulariaceae). Festuca brachyphylla Schultes (Fam. 12 - Gramineae). Festuca rubra L. (Fam. 12 - Gramineae) D,T(L).** -133-

III. Vascular Plants (Conc'd) Festuca saximontana Rydb. (Fam. 12 - Gramineae) D,M,T(L).** Franarla vasca L. var. americana Porter (Tata. 35 - Rosaceae). Fragaria virginiana Duchesse var. glauca S. Wats. (Fam 35 - Rosaceae)D.T(L).* Galium boreale L. (Fam. 59 - Rubiaceae) D,T(G).* Gallua» erifidum L. (Fam. 509 - Rubiaceae) t(H). Gentiana amarella L. ssp. acuta (Michx.) Huit. (Fam. 52 - Gentianaceae). Geocaulon lividum (Richards.) Fern. (Fam. 24 - Santalaceae). Geranium biclenellii Britt. (Fam. 37 - Geraniaceae) D,M. Geum allappicum Jacq. ssp. strictum (Ait.) R.T. Clausen (Fam. 35 - Rosaceae). Glyceria borealis (Nash) Batch. (Fam. 12 - Gramineae) D,T(G). Glyceria grandis S. Wats. (Fam. 12 - Gramineae). Glyceria striata (Lam.) Hitchc. (Fam. 12 - Gramineae). Gnaphalium uliginc-sum L. (Fam. 62 - ComposiCae). Goodyera repena (L.) R. Br. var. ophioides Fern. (Fam. 19 - Orchidaceae). Gymnocarpium robertianum (Ho££m.) Newm. (Fam. 4 - Polypodiaceae). Habenaria hyperborea (L.) R. Br. (Fam. 19 - Orchidaceae) D,T(G). Habenaria obtusata (Pursh) Richardson (Fam. 19 - Orchidaceae). Hieracium umbellaturn L. (Fam. 62 - Compositae) D,M,T(L,G).* Hlerochloe odorata (L.) Beauv. (Fam. 12 - Gramineae) D. Hordeum jubatum L. (Fan. 12 - Gramineae) D,M,T(L,G).** tiippuris vulgaris L. (Fam. 45 - Hippuridaceae). Hudsonia tomentosa Mutt. (Fam. 40 - Cistaceae).** Bypericum majus (A. Gray) Britt. (Fam. 39" - Hypericaceae). Juncu3 alpinus Vili. (Fam. 16 - Juncaceae) D,T(G).** Juncus balticus Willd. var. littoralis Engelm. (Fam. 16 - Juncaceae) D,T(G).** Juncus bufonius L. (Fam. 16 - Juncaceae) D,T(L,G).* Juncus vaseyi Engelm. (Fam. 16 - Juncaceae). Juniperus coamunis L. (Fam 6 - Cupressaceae). Juniperus horizontalis Moench (Fam. 6 - Cupressaceae). Kalmia polifolia Wang (Fam. 50 - Ericaceae). Larix laricina (Du Roi) Koch (Fam. 5 - Flnaceae) T(L). Ledum groenlandicum Oeder (Fam. 50 - Ericaceae) D,M,T(L,G).* Ledum palustre L. var. decumbens Ait. (Fam. 50 - Ericaceae). Lemna minor L. (Fam. 15 - Lenmaceae). Lepidium denaiflorum Schrad. (Fam. 31 - Cruciferae) D,M. Linnaea borealis L. ssp. americanus (Forbes) Hülsen (Fam. 60 - Caprifoliaceae). Lonicera dioica L. var. glaucescens (Rydb.) Butters (Fam. 60 - Caprifoliaceae). Lychnis drummondii (Hook.) Wats. (Fam. 27 - Caryophyllaceae). Lycopodium annotinum L. (Fam. 1 - Lycopodiaceae). Lycopodium complanaturn L. (Fam. 1 - Lycopodiaceae). Lycopodium obscurum L. (Fam. 1 - Lycopodiaceae). . - Lycopodium selago L. (Fam. 1 - Lycopodiaceae). Lycopodium sitchense Rupr. (Fam. 1 - Lycopodiaceae). Lycopodium cristachvum Pursh (Fam. 1 - Lycopodiaceae). Lycopus uniflorus Michx. (Fam. 55 - Labiatae). Lysimachla thyrsiflora L. (Fam. 51 - Primulaceae). -134-

III. Vascular Plants (Cone',d)

Maianthemum eanadense Desf. var. interius Fern. (Fam. 17 - Liliaceae). Macricaria maricima L. var. agrestis (Knaf.) Wilm. (Fain. 62 - Compositae) 0. Matricaria aatricarioides (Less.) Porter (Fam. 62 - Compositae) D,T(L). Melilo eus cf. alba Desr. (Fam. 36 - Leguminosae) D. Mentha arvensis L. var. villosa (Benth.) Seewart (Farn. 55 - Labiatae). Mitella nuda L. (Fam. 33 - Saxifragaceae). Monesis uniflora (L.) A. Gray (Farn. 49 - Pyrolaceae). Myrica gale L. (Farn. 21. - Myricaceae) T(G). * Myriophyllum exalbescens Fern. (Fam. 44 - Haloragidaceae) T(G). Nuphar variegatum Engeln. (Fam. 28 - Nymphaeaceae). Orchis rotundifolia Pursh (Fam. 19 - Orchidaceae). Oryzopsis pungens (Torr.) Hitchc. (Fam. 12 - Gramineae) D.M.* Oxycoccus microcarpus Turcz. (Fam. 50 -Ericaceae). Parnassia palustris L. ssp. ne&gaea (Fern.) Huit (Fam. 33 - Saxifragaceae)T(G) Pedicularis labradorica Wirsing (Fam. 56 - Scrophulariaceae). Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link (Fam. 4 - Polypodiaceae). Petasites frigidus (L.) Fries var. nivatis (Greene) Cronq. (Fam. 62 - Compositae)· Petasites palmatus (Ait.) Gray (Fam. 62 - Compositae) D. Phacelia franklinii (R. Br.) A. Gray (Fam. 54 - Hydrophyllaceae) D,M. Picea glauca (Moench) Voss (Fam. 5 - Pinaceae) D,T(G).* Picea mariana (Mill.) Β.S.P. (Fam. 5 - Pinaceae) M.T(L.G).** Pinguicula villosa.L. (Fam. 57 - Lentibulariaceae). Plaus banksiana Lamb. (Fam. 5 - Pinaceae). Plantago major L. (Fam. 58 - Plantaginaceae) D,T(L,G).* Poa alpigena (Fr.) Lindm. (Fam. 12 - Gramineae). Poa alpina L. (Fam. 12 - Gramineae). Poa glauca Vani (Fam. 12 - Gramineae) D,M,T(L).* Poa interior Rydb. (Fam· 12 - Gramineae) M.* Poa palustris L. (Fam. 12 - Gramineae) D,M,T(L).* Poa pratensis L. (?am. 12 - Gramineae) D.** Poa aandbergii Vasey (Fam. 12 - Gramineae). Polygonum amphibium L. var. stipulaceum (Colem.) Fern. (Fam. 25 - Polygonaceae). Polygonum aviculare L. (Fam. 25 - Polygonaceae) O,M,T(L,G). Polygonum convolvulus L. (Fam. 25 - Polygonaceae) D. Polygonum lapathifolium L. var. salicifolium Slbth. (Fam. 25 - Polygonaceae (D,T(G). Polypodium vulgäre L. var. virginianum (L·) Eaton (Fam. 4 - Polypodiaceae). Populus balsamifera L. (Fam. 20 - Salicaceae) M,T(G).* Populus tremuloides Michx. (Fam. 20 - Salicaceae) D,M.T(G).* Potamogeton alpinus Balbia (Fam. 9 - Najadaceae) D,T(G). Potamogeton filiformis Pers . (Fam. 9 - Najadaceae) T(G). Potamogeton foliosus Raf. (Fam. 9 - Najadaceae) T(G). Potamogeton friesii Rupr. (Fam. 9 - Najadaceae). Potamogeton gramineus L. (Fam. 9 - Najadaceae). Potamogeton obtusifolius Mert. & Koch (Fam. 9 - Najadaceae). Potamageton pectinatus L. (Fam. 9 - Sajadaceae). Potamogeton pusillns L. (Fam. 9 - Najadaceae) T(G). Potamogeton richardTonii (A. Benn.) Rydb. (Fam. 9 - Najadaceae) T(G). -135-

III. Vascular Plants (Cont'd)

Potentina arguta Pursh (Jam. 35 -Rosaceae). Potentina auleifida L. (Fan. 35 - Rosaceae). Potentina nivea L. (Fan. 35 -Rosaceae). Potentina norvegica L. (Fata. 35 - Roaaceae) D,M,T(G). Potentina palustria (L.) Scop. (Fam. 35 - Rosaceae). Potentina pensylvanlca L. var. bipinnatifida (Dougl.) Torr & Gray (Fam. 35 - Rosaceae). Potentina pensylvanica L. var. litoralis (Rydb.) Boivin (Fam. 35 - Rosaceae). Potentina tridentata Alton (Fam. 35 - Rosaceae). Primula miatassinica Michx. (Fam. 51- Primulaceae). Prunus pensylvanica L.f. (Faa. 35 -Rosaceae). Puccinellia distans (L.) Pari. (Farn. 12 - Gramineae) D,M,T(G).** Puceinellia interior Th- Soer. (Fam. 12 - Gramineae).** Puccinellia nuttalliana (Nutt.) Mats. & Coult. (Fam. 12 - Gramineae) M,T(G).*** Pyrola asarifolla Michx. (Fan. 49 - Pyrolaceae). Pyrola grandiflora Rad. (Fam. 49 - Pyrolaceae). Pyrola minor L. (Fam. 49 - Pyrolaceae). Pyrola secunda L. (Fam. 49 - Pyrolaceae). Pyrola virens Schweigger (Fam. 49 - Pyrolaceae). Ranunculus aquatilis L. var. capillaceus (Thuin.) DC. (Fam. 29 - Ranunculaceae) T(G). Ranunculus flanmula L. var. filiformis (Michx.) Hooker (Fam. 29 - Ranunculaceae) T(G). . Ranunculus gtnelini DC var. gmelini (Fam. 29 -Ranunculaceae). ' Ranunculus gmelini DC; var. hookeri (D. Don) Hara (Fam. 29 - Ranunculaceae). Ranunculus lapponicus L. (Fam. 29 - Ranunculaceae). Ranunculus sceleratus L. (Fam. 29 - Ranunculaceae). Rhinanthus criata-galli L. (Fam. 56 - Scrophulariaceae) T(G). Ribes glandulosum Grauer. (Fam. 34 - Grossulariaceae) D. Ribes hudsonianum Richards. (Fam. 34 - Grossulariaceae). Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir. (Fam. 34 - Grossulariaceae). Ribes «cyacanthoides L. var. oxyacanthoides (Fam. 34 - Grossulariaceae) D,M,T(L). Ribes oxyacanthoides L. var. saxosum (Hook.) Cov. (Fam. 34 - Grossulariaceae). Ribes triste Pall. (Fam. 34 - Grossulariaceae). Rorippa island!ca (Oeder) Borhas var. fernaldiana Butt, and Abbe. (Fam. 31 - Cruciferae)T(G). Rosa acicularis Lindi. (Fam. 35 - Rosaceae) D,W,T(L). Rosa woodsii Lindi. (Fam. 35 - Rosaceae) D. Rubua acaulls Michx. (Fam. 35 - Rosaceae) M. Rubus chamaemorus L. (Fam. 35 - Roaaceae). Rubus idaeus L. var. strigosus (Michx.) Maxim. (Fam. 35 - Rosaceae) D,M,T(L).* Rubus pubescena Ra£. (Fam. 35 - Rosaceae) Rumex occidentalls S. Wats. (Fam. 25 - Polygonaceae)· T(G). Rumex salicifolius Weinn. (Fam. 25 - Polygonaceae) D,M,T(G). Sagina nodosa (L.) Fenzl. var. nodosa (Fam. 27 - Caryophyllaceae) T(G). Sagittaria cuneata Sheldon (Fam. 11 - Alismaceae). Sails arbusculoides Anderss. (Fam. 20 - Salicaceae) D,M,T(L,G).** Salix bebbiana Sarg. (Fam. 20 - Salicaceae) D,T(L,G).** -136-

III. Vascular Plants (Cont'd)

Salix discolor tohl. (Fan. 20 - Salicaceae) M,T(G). Salix glauea L. (7am. 20 - Salicaceae) DjM,T(L,G).** Salix interior Rowlee (Fam. 20 - Salicaceae) T(G).** Salix lasiandra Benth. (Fam. 20 - Salicaceae). Salix lutea Nutt. (Fart. 20 - Salicaceae) T(L). Salix mackenzieana (Hook.) Barratt (Fam. 20 - Salicaceae) D. Salix myrtillifolia Anderss, (Fam. 20 - Salicaceae) D.M.* Salix pedicellaris Pursh (Fam. 20 - Salicaceae). Salix planifolia Pursh (Fam. 20 - Salicaceae) D.** Salix pyrifolla Anderss . (Fam. 20 - Salicaceae) D,T(L).* Salix scouleriana Barratt (Fam. 20 - Salicaceae) D,M.T,(G).** Salix serissima (Bailey) Fern. (Fam. 20 - Salicaceae). • Saxifraga tricuspidata Rottb. (Fam. 33 - Saxifragaceae). Schizachne purpurascens (Torr.) Swallon (Fam. 12 - Gramineae). Scirpus cyperinus L. (Fam. 13 - Cyperaceae) D,T(G).* Scirpus hudsonianus (Michx.) Fern. (Fam. 13 - Cyperaceae). Scirpus val-tdus Vahl. (Fam. 13 -Cyperaceae) T(G).** Scutellaria epilobilfolla Hamilton (Fam. 55 - Labiatae). Selaginella rupegtris (L.) Spreng. (Fam. 2 - Selaginellaceae). Senecio congestu3 (R.Br.) DC. var. palustris (L.) Fern. (Fam. 62 - Compositae) T(G).* Senecio indecorus Greene (Fam. 62 - Compositae). Senecio pauciflorus Pursh (Fam. 62 - Compositae)! Senecio pauperculls Michx. (Fam. 62 - Compositae). Senecio streptanthifollus Green (Fam. 62 - Compositae) D. Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Mutt. (Fam. 42 - Elaeagnaceae) D,T(G).* Silene antirrhina L. (Fam. 27 - Caryophyllaceae). Sisyrinchium aontanum Greene (Fam. IS - Iridaceae). Slum suave Walt. (Fam. 47 - Umbelliferae). Smilacina trifolia (L.) Desf. (Fam. 17 - Liliaceae). Solidago canadensis L. var. salebrosa (Piper) Jones (Fam. 62 - Compositae) 0. Solidago nemoralis Ait, var. longipetiolata (Mack. & Bush) Palmer & Steyerm. (Fam. 62 - Compositae). Solidago spathulata DC. var. neomexicana (Gray) Cronq. (Fam. 62 - Compositae) D,M,T,(L,G). Sparganium angustifolium Michx. (Fam. 8 - Sparganiaceae) D. Sparganlum hyperboreum Laestad (Fam. 8 - Sparganiaceae). Sparganium minimum (Hartm.) Fries (Fam. 8 - Sparganiaceae) T(G). Sparganium aultipedunculatum (Morong) Rydberg (Fam. 8 - Sparganiaceae) T(G). Spiranthes romanzoffiana Cham. (Fam. 19 - Orchidaceae) D,T(L,G). Stellaria calycantha (Ledeb.) Bong. (Fam. 27 -Caryophyllaceae). Stellaria longifolia Muhl. (Fam. 27 - Caryophyllaceae) D,M,T(L). Stellaria aonantha Hulten (Fam. 27 - Caryophyllaceae). Subularia aquatica L. ssp. americana Mull. & Cald. (Fam. 31 - Cmciferae). Syaphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake (Fam. 60 - Caprifoliaceae). Taraxacum ceratophorum (Ledeb.) DC. (Fam. 62 - Compositae). Taraxacum officinale Weber (Fam. 62 - Compositae) D,T(G). Trifolium hybridum L. (Fam. 36 - Leguminosae) D,M.** Trifolium" repens L. (Fam. 36 - Leguminosae) D.** -137-

III. Vascular Plants (Cont'd) Triglochin maritima L. (Fam. 10 - Scheuchzeriaceae). Triglochin palustris L. (Fam. 10 - Scheuchzeriaceae) T(G).** Trisetum spicatum (L.) Richter (Fan. 12 - Gramineae) D.* Typha latifolia L. (Fam. 7 - Typhaceae) D,T(L,G).** Drtica dioica L. var. procera (Muhl.) Wedd. (Fam. 23 - Urticacaae) D. Otrieularia intermedia Hayne (Fam. 57 - Lantibulariaceae). Utrieularia ainor L. (Fam. 57 -Lantibulariaceae). Otricularia vulgaris L. var. americana A. Gray (Fam. 57 - Lentibulariaceae), Vaccinium ayrtilloides Michx. (Fam. 50 - Ericaceae) M. Vaccinium uliginosum L. (Fam. 50 - Ericaceae). Vaccinlun vicis-idaea L. ssp. minus Lodd. (Fam. 50 - Ericaceae) D,T(L).* Veronica peregrina L. 7ar. xalapenais (H.B.K.) Pennell (Fam.56 - ScrophulariacQae) 0. Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf. (Fam. 60 - Caprifoliaceae). Viola adunca Smith (Fam. 41 - Violaceae). Viola palu3tris L. (Fam. 41 - Violaceae). Woodsia glabella R. Br. (Fam. 4 - Polypodiaceae). Woodsia ilvensis (L.) R. Br. (Fam. 4 - Polypodiaceae). Woodsia oregana D.C. Eaton (Fam. 4 - Polyodiaceae). Woodsia scopulina D.C. Eaton (Fam. 4 - Polypodiaceae).