DOCSLIB.ORG

Pinelands Lichen Ecology

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

PINELANDS LICHEN ECOLOGY Natalie Howe Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolution Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey Pinelands Short Course Content 1. What is a lichen? 2. How do they grow? a. Crust like (crustose) b. Leaf-like (foliose) c. Shrub-like (fruiticose) 3. Lichen reproduction a. Apothecia b. Soredia c. Isidia 4. Lichen communities in the Pine Barrens a. Living or dead trees b. Soils c. Insects 5. Lichen ecology 1. What is a lichen? • Lichen: composite organism made of a fungal species, photosynthesizing organisms and bacteria coexisting in a symbiotic relationship. Composite Organism: Tree of Life, CSRIO Marine and Atmospheric Research 1. What is a lichen? fungus • Lichen’s name comes from fungal component • Fungus: Fungal Hyphae on soil: Royal Botanic Gardens of Sydney • Heterotroph • Eats organic matter • “Immobile” (most fungi) • Body (thallus) made of filamentous hyphae (most fungi) • Most lichens are ascomycete fungi (spores in sacs) Fungal hypahe in a lichen: Bates Biology Department 1. What is a lichen? photosynthesizing organism • Autotroph • Produces sugars that the lichen fungus uses • may be: • Green algae Trebouxia: AJ Silverside Parmelia sulcata: GA Mushroom Club • (ex. Trebouxia) • Cyanobacteria • (ex. Nostoc) Nostoc: Bruce McCune, Oregon State Collema, Karen Dillman, USFS 1. What is a lichen? Mutualism? Or Controlled Parasitism? Both parties benefit: • Fungus provides protection & water • Algae provides sugars But some algae grow faster when free living. Lichens are fungi that have discovered farming! Brodo, Sharnoff, Sharnoff, Lichens of North America 2. Lichen Structure • Lichens can have a huge variety of structures, but always, the algae is surrounded by fungal hyphae. This arrangement has evolved multiple times. http://www.britishlichens.co.uk/whatarelichens.html Gold, S. Yosemite Nature Notes, “Welcome to the Waldorf Haustoria” [lichen], 47(3):54-56 fungus + photobiont + bacteria = huge diversity of form, color, chemistry > 14,000 species Sharnoff, S. Lichens of North America 2. Lichen growth forms A. foliose (leafy) Foliose lichen cross section: George Barron MycoAlbumCD Flat cross section – can peel off substrate Flavoparmelia caperata, NJ 2014 2. Lichen growth forms B. fruiticose (shrubby/pendant) Frrom: Watching the world wake up Round in Usnea: NJ 2014 cross section 2. Lichen growth forms C. crustose (crust on substrate) Earthlife.net/lichens/lichen Lower surface grows into substrate, difficult to scrape off Graphis, Lecanora, NC 2014 2. Lichen growth forms D. Leprose (powdery) E. Squamulose (tiny flat pieces) 3. Lichen Reproduction • Most lichens are in the fungal group ascomycetes: they produce spores in sacs (called an ascus) • Apothecium: fruiting body that holds spores in a sac • Some lichens have the colored apothecium on a stalk Apothecium Brigantiaea leucoxantha: Troy McMullin 2014 Cladonia cristatella: NJ, 2015 3. Lichen reproduction • To identify some lichens, you need to cut cross sections of apothecia and examine the spores in the microscope Spores 20-celled, 25-50 x 12-16 µm L-R: Hyperphyscia adglutinata, Graphina anguina, Bacidia lauroceracei All photos: Jenny Seawright, Irish Lichens 3. Lichen reproduction • Soredia: grainy or powdery • Isidia: fingerlike material on lichen surface extensions off lichen containing fungal hyphae surface containing fungal and algal cells hyphae and algal cells Flavoparmelia caperata, Natalie Howe, 2015 ; Crocodia aurata, Troy McMullin 2014; Parmelia sulcata, Natalie Howe, 2015 Lichen ID by Lichen Chemistry : K+ purple reaction Many lichens that actually are Xanthoria, Heino Lepp, Australian National Botanic Garden different species look very similar, and can only be told apart by chemistry. Common chemical tests: (drop liquid on lichen and look for color Ochrolechia subpallescens Bruce McCune OSU changes) C+ orange reaction • K (potassium hydroxide): P+ orange reaction • C (sodium hypochlorite): • P (phenylenediamine): Lichen ID by lichen chemistry UV: some specimens will fluoresce if you shine a UV light on them. Lichens are not the only organisms that do this! Dailymail.co.uk Robert Lucking, Canadian Museum of Nature Bruce McCune, Oregon State University Lichens are all over the pinelands: 190 species in Wharton State Forest! Lendemer 2006 Common Foliose Lichens on Pinelands Trees • Yellow Green: o Greenshield lichen (Flavoparmelia caperata) • Blue-green: • Ridges & soredia o Hammered shield lichen (Parmelia sulcata) o White spots & isidia o Speckled shield (Punctelia rudecta) • Black hairs: • Light on edge of underside: o Parmotrema perforatum • Brown on edge of underside: o Parmotrema submarginale Common Fruiticose Lichens on Pinelands Trees • Shrubby oUsnea sp • Peg-like oUsu. Cladonia coniocraea • Cup-like oUsu. Cladonia chlorophaea • Red-topped • Usu. Cladonia cristatella Bostoncostume.org James LindseyJames Wikimedia Cladonia Many kinds of “British soldiers” (lichens macilenta with 1 stalk, no cups, red on top) : • If the stalks look grey-green and powdery (sorediate), but powder on the squamules is Mark Cladonia just on the edges: Kibba didyma • And the stalk is covered with fine powder: OhioMossLichen.org • Cladonia macilenta : • And the stalk is covered with coarse granules: • Cladonia didyma • If the stalks have no powder and are yellow Jenny Cladonia green: Seawright incrassata • And the squamules are powdery: DorsetNature.co.uk • Cladonia incrassata : • And the squamules are not powdery: • Cladonia cristatella Cladonia cristatella: Louise Browman, EPA, Indiana Dunes Lakeshore Many kinds of cup lichens • With soredia or granules (apothecia Cladonia chlorophaea brown or absent) • Cups broad, goblet shaped, with grainy soredia covering cups: • Cladonia chlorophaea Steven Cladonia • Cups irregular Sharnoff rei, • With starlike projections at edges of cups and with grainy soredia , CNELH • Cladonia rei Cladonia rappii, Jason Hollinger, Mushroom • Without soredia or granules Observer • Cups in towers, proliferating from center • Cladonia rappii • Cups proliferating from edges if at all • Cups full of tiny round disks • Cladonia pyxidata Cladonia pyxidata, Jason Hollinger, Mushroom Observer • With soredia • Smooth, grey-green cortex on lower 1/3 to 2/3 of stalk with Many kinds of stalk lichens grainy soredia on top, squamules finely divided with brown or no apothecia • Cladonia ocrochlora Cladonia Steven Cladonia Jenny Cladonia • Almost entire stalk covered in powdery soredia Seawright Sharnoff coniocraea ochrochlora • Cladonia subulata subulata • Almost entire stalk covered in powdery soredia and large , CNELH , DorsetNature.co.uk unlobed squamules Ralf Wagner , • Cladonia coniocraea • Without soredia • Very short stalks (1-3mm tall) • Cladonia caespitica • Stalks >3 mm tall Cladonia caespiticia AJ Silverside, Lastdragon.org • On bark • Squamules mostly granular: • Cladonia parasitica • Sqamules divided, turning yellow w/ PD • Cladonia beaumontii Cladonia parasitica Cladonia beaumontii, Cladonia squamosa Jenny Seawright,IrishLichens • Squamules divided, white under UV or yellow w/ K Dimitri Tundra, myrhyker British Lichens.co.uk • Cladonia squamosa • On soil, moss or rock • Lots of squamules on stalk • Cladonia squamosa • Stalks look inflated • Cladonia strepilis Cladonia strepsilis Cladonia peziziformis • Stalks warty, twisted Wessex lichen group Discoverlife.org • Cladonia peziziformis Very small lichens with no visible fruiting bodies: - The blue grey covering in Atlantic White Cedar swamps is usually Cladonia santensis - Yellow lichen on urban trees is often Candelaria concolor Candeleriella concolor. Cladonia santensis on Atlantic white cedar Cladonia santensis on Atlantic white cedar. Tom potterfield 2004, flickr Common Fruiticose lichens on soil • Yellow-green o Thorn lichen (Cladonia uncialis) • Grey-green o Reindeer lichen (Cladonia submitis) o Reindeer lichen (Cladonia subtenuis) • Brown green, with squamules o Cladonia atlantica Cladonia floridana Sharnoff, 2010, CNALH Many kinds of “reindeer lichen” on soils Cladonia Rangiferina, • Dull light green, branches bent mostly one way Paul Morris, 2010, wikimedia • Cladonia rangiferina • Dull light green, branches going all directions. • PD+, Branching in 2s, stalks under .7 m wide, no holes between branches • Cladonia subtenuis • Branching in 3s/4s, .5-.8 mm wide, Cladonia subtenuis, • Cladonia arbuscula / Cladonia mitis Jason Hollinger, 2010, • PD-, Branching in 3s/4s, wrinkled stalks .7-2mm wide waysofenlichenment w/ holes between branches • Cladonia submitis Cladonia uncialis • Shiny, gray-green • <25mm tall, primary squamules persistent • Cladonia floridana • Shiny, yellow-green • Densely branched cushions with holes between Cladonia arbuscula, Timdall, digital mycology branches • Cladonia uncialis • Flattened mats of slender branches, .5-1.5 mm wide • Cladonia dimorphoclada Cladonia submitis, Sharnoff, 2010, CNALH Pleasant Mills Church, 2014 5. Lichen ecology Tolerance of drought, freezing, low nutrient conditions allows them to exist in vast array of habitats: Bark, rock, soil +…. 5. Lichen Ecology Stress Tolerance Adaptations Aspicilia fruiticulosa, Raggio et al, 2011: Usnic acid, one UV RADIATION: Lichens prevent protective compound damage from radiation using UV protective compounds: • Lichens can even survive in space! Raggio et al, 2011, Astrobiology LOW NUTRIENT CONDITIONS: Lichens survive low nitrogen conditions by partnering with cyanobacteria that can fix nitrogen Lucking et al., 2009. American Journal
Recommended publications
  • Genetic Variation Within and Among Populations of the Threatened Lichen Lobaria Pulmonaria in Switzerland and Implications for I

    Genetic Variation Within and Among Populations of the Threatened Lichen Lobaria Pulmonaria in Switzerland and Implications for I

    MEC820.fm Page 2049 Saturday, December 18, 1999 1:20 PM Molecular Ecology (1999) 8, 2049–2059 GeneticBlackwell Science, Ltd variation within and among populations of the threatened lichen Lobaria pulmonaria in Switzerland and implications for its conservation S. ZOLLER,* F. LUTZONI† and C. SCHEIDEGGER* *Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland, †Department of Botany, The Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago IL 60605, USA Abstract The foliose epiphytic lichen Lobaria pulmonaria has suffered a significant decline in European lowlands during the last decades and therefore is considered as endangered throughout Europe. An assessment of the genetic variability is necessary to formulate biologically sound conservation recommendations for this species. We investigated the genetic diversity of the fungal symbiont of L. pulmonaria using 143 specimens sampled from six populations (two small, one medium, three large) in the lowland, the Jura Moun- tains, the pre-Alps and the Alps of Switzerland. Among all nuclear and mitochondrial regions sequenced for this study, variability was found only in the internal transcribed spacer (ITS I), with three polymorphic sites, and in the nuclear ribosomal large subunit (nrLSU), with four polymorphic sites. The variable sites in the nrLSU are all located within a putative spliceosomal intron. We sequenced these two regions for 81 specimens and detected six genotypes. Two genotypes were common, two were found only in the more diverse populations and two were found only in one population each. There was no correlation between population size and genetic diversity. The highest genetic diversity was found in populations where the fungal symbiont is reproducing sexually.
  • Field Guide to the Ecosites of Saskatchewan's Provincial Forests

    Field Guide to the Ecosites of Saskatchewan's Provincial Forests

    Field Guide to the Ecosites of Saskatchewan’s Provincial Forests M.S. McLaughlan, R.A. Wright, and R.D. Jiricka Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication McLaughlan, M.S. Field guide to the ecosites of Saskatchewan’s provincial forests/M.S. McLaughlan, R.A. Wright, R.D. Jiricka. Issued by: Forest Service. Available also on the Internet. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-926841-18-2 1. Forest site quality - Saskatchewan. 2. Forest ecology - Saskatchewan. I. Wright, Robert A. (Robert Alexander), 1955- II. Jiricka, R.D., 1953- III. Saskatchewan. Forest Service IV. Saskatchewan. Ministry of Environment. V. Title QH541.5 F6 M4 2010 577.3097124 C2010-905524-1 This publication may be obtained from: Saskatchewan Ministry of Environment Forest Service Box 3003 Prince Albert, Saskatchewan S6V 6G1 General Inquiries: [email protected] An electronic copy (in Adobe Acrobat portable document format - PDF) of this document is available from: http://www.environment.gov.sk.ca/forests Front cover photo: Pitcher-plant and small bog cranberry; two species common to Saskatchewan’s wetland ecosites. Back cover photo: Juniper hair-cap moss; a common upland moss found on dry or exposed sites. Abstract McLaughlan, M.S.; Wright, R.A.; Jiricka, R.D. 2010. Field guide to the ecosites of Saskatchewan’s provincial forests. Saskatchewan Ministry of Environment, Forest Service. Prince Albert, Saskatchewan. 343 pp. Abstract The forest ecosystems of Saskatchewan are represented at the site level with 81 ecosites that span Saskatchewan’s four ecozones: Taiga Shield, Boreal Shield, Boreal Plain and Prairi e. Field sampling provided the raw data upon which the ecosite classification was built.
  • The Puzzle of Lichen Symbiosis

    The Puzzle of Lichen Symbiosis

    Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 1503 The puzzle of lichen symbiosis Pieces from Thamnolia IOANA ONUT, -BRÄNNSTRÖM ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS ISSN 1651-6214 ISBN 978-91-554-9887-0 UPPSALA urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-319639 2017 Dissertation presented at Uppsala University to be publicly examined in Lindhalsalen, EBC, Norbyvägen 14, Uppsala, Thursday, 1 June 2017 at 09:15 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The examination will be conducted in English. Faculty examiner: Associate Professor Anne Pringle (University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Botany). Abstract Onuț-Brännström, I. 2017. The puzzle of lichen symbiosis. Pieces from Thamnolia. Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 1503. 62 pp. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. ISBN 978-91-554-9887-0. Symbiosis brought important evolutionary novelties to life on Earth. Lichens, the symbiotic entities formed by fungi, photosynthetic organisms and bacteria, represent an example of a successful adaptation in surviving hostile environments. Yet many aspects of the lichen symbiosis remain unexplored. This thesis aims at bringing insights into lichen biology and the importance of symbiosis in adaptation. I am using as model system a successful colonizer of tundra and alpine environments, the worm lichens Thamnolia, which seem to only reproduce vegetatively through symbiotic propagules. When the genetic architecture of the mating locus of the symbiotic fungal partner was analyzed with genomic and transcriptomic data, a sexual self-incompatible life style was revealed. However, a screen of the mating types ratios across natural populations detected only one of the mating types, suggesting that Thamnolia has no potential for sexual reproduction because of lack of mating partners.
  • Global Biodiversity Patterns of the Photobionts Associated with the Genus Cladonia (Lecanorales, Ascomycota)

    Global Biodiversity Patterns of the Photobionts Associated with the Genus Cladonia (Lecanorales, Ascomycota)

    Microbial Ecology https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-020-01633-3 FUNGAL MICROBIOLOGY Global Biodiversity Patterns of the Photobionts Associated with the Genus Cladonia (Lecanorales, Ascomycota) Raquel Pino-Bodas1 & Soili Stenroos2 Received: 19 August 2020 /Accepted: 22 October 2020 # The Author(s) 2020 Abstract The diversity of lichen photobionts is not fully known. We studied here the diversity of the photobionts associated with Cladonia, a sub-cosmopolitan genus ecologically important, whose photobionts belong to the green algae genus Asterochloris. The genetic diversity of Asterochloris was screened by using the ITS rDNA and actin type I regions in 223 specimens and 135 species of Cladonia collected all over the world. These data, added to those available in GenBank, were compiled in a dataset of altogether 545 Asterochloris sequences occurring in 172 species of Cladonia. A high diversity of Asterochloris associated with Cladonia was found. The commonest photobiont lineages associated with this genus are A. glomerata, A. italiana,andA. mediterranea. Analyses of partitioned variation were carried out in order to elucidate the relative influence on the photobiont genetic variation of the following factors: mycobiont identity, geographic distribution, climate, and mycobiont phylogeny. The mycobiont identity and climate were found to be the main drivers for the genetic variation of Asterochloris. The geographical distribution of the different Asterochloris lineages was described. Some lineages showed a clear dominance in one or several climatic regions. In addition, the specificity and the selectivity were studied for 18 species of Cladonia. Potentially specialist and generalist species of Cladonia were identified. A correlation was found between the sexual reproduction frequency of the host and the frequency of certain Asterochloris OTUs.
  • Insights Into the Ecology and Genetics of Lichens with a Cyanobacterial Photobiont

    Insights Into the Ecology and Genetics of Lichens with a Cyanobacterial Photobiont

    Insights into the Ecology and Genetics of Lichens with a Cyanobacterial Photobiont Katja Fedrowitz Faculty of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences Department of Ecology Uppsala Doctoral Thesis Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala 2011 Acta Universitatis agriculturae Sueciae 2011:96 Cover: Lobaria pulmonaria, Nephroma bellum, and fallen bark in an old-growth forest in Finland with Populus tremula. Part of the tRNALeu (UAA) sequence in an alignment. (photos: K. Fedrowitz) ISSN 1652-6880 ISBN 978-91-576-7640-5 © 2011 Katja Fedrowitz, Uppsala Print: SLU Service/Repro, Uppsala 2011 Insights into the Ecology and Genetics of Lichens with a Cyanobacterial Photobiont Abstract Nature conservation requires an in-depth understanding of the ecological processes that influence species persistence in the different phases of a species life. In lichens, these phases comprise dispersal, establishment, and growth. This thesis aimed at increasing the knowledge on epiphytic cyanolichens by studying different aspects linked to these life stages, including species colonization extinction dynamics, survival and vitality of lichen transplants, and the genetic symbiont diversity in the genus Nephroma. Paper I reveals that local colonizations, stochastic, and deterministic extinctions occur in several epiphytic macrolichens. Species habitat-tracking metapopulation dynamics could partly be explained by habitat quality and size, spatial connectivity, and possibly facilitation by photobiont sharing. Simulations of species future persistence suggest stand-level extinction risk for some infrequent sexually dispersed species, especially when assuming low tree numbers and observed tree fall rates. Forestry practices influence the natural occurrence of species, and retention of trees at logging is one measure to maintain biodiversity. However, their long-term benefit for biodiversity is still discussed.
  • Monitoring Air Quality in Class I Wilderness Areas of the Northeastern United States Using Lichens and Bryophytes Alison C

    Monitoring Air Quality in Class I Wilderness Areas of the Northeastern United States Using Lichens and Bryophytes Alison C

    United States Department of Agriculture Monitoring Air Quality in Class I Wilderness Areas of the Northeastern United States Using Lichens and Bryophytes Alison C. Dibble, James W. Hinds, Ralph Perron, Natalie Cleavitt, Richard L. Poirot, and Linda H. Pardo Forest Service Northern Research Station General Technical Report NRS-165 December 2016 1 Abstract To address a need for air quality and lichen monitoring information for the Northeast, we compared bulk chemistry data from 2011-2013 to baseline surveys from 1988 and 1993 in three Class I Wilderness areas of New Hampshire and Vermont. Plots were within the White Mountain National Forest (Presidential Range—Dry River Wilderness and Great Gulf Wilderness, New Hampshire) and the Green Mountain National Forest (Lye Brook Wilderness, Vermont). We sampled epiphyte communities and found 58 macrolichen species and 55 bryophyte species. We also analyzed bulk samples for total N, total S, and 27 additional elements. We detected a decrease in Pb at the level of the National Forest and in a subset of plots. Low lichen richness and poor thallus condition at Lye Brook corresponded to higher N and S levels at these sites. Lichen thallus condition was best where lichen species richness was also high. Highest Hg content, from a limited subset, was on the east slope of Mt. Washington near the head of Great Gulf. Most dominant lichens in good condition were associated with conifer boles or acidic substrates. The status regarding N and S tolerance for many lichens in the northeastern United States is not clear, so the influence of N pollution on community data cannot be fully assessed.
  • Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts of the Lichen Parmelia Sulcata and Its

    Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts of the Lichen Parmelia Sulcata and Its

    Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts of the Lichen Parmelia sulcata and its Salazinic Acid Constituent Mehmet Candana, Meral Yılmaza, Turgay Tayb, Murat Erdemb, and Ays¸en Özdemir Türka,* a Anadolu University, Department of Biology, 26470 Eskis¸ehir, Turkey. Fax: +90 2223204910. E-mail: [email protected] b Anadolu University, Department of Chemistry, Fig. 1. Chemical structure of salazinic acid. 26470 Eskis¸ehir, Turkey * Author for correspondence and reprint requests Z. Naturforsch. 62c, 619Ð621 (2007), 2001). That is why many secondary metabolites in received March 8/May 4, 2007 lichens are antigrowth, antimicrobial or antiherbi- The antimicrobial activity of the acetone, chloroform, vore agents (Huneck, 1999, 2001, 2006; Fahselt, diethyl ether, methanol, and petroleum ether extracts of the lichen Parmelia sulcata and its salazinic acid constitu- 1994). It appears that more than 50% of the lichen ent have been screened against twenty eight food-borne species have substances with antimicrobial activity bacteria and fungi. All of the extracts with the exception against human disease organisms. The antibiotic of the petroleum ether extract showed antimicrobial ac- effect of a number of lichen metabolites was gen- tivity against Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacillus cereus, Ba- cillus subtilis, Listeria monocytogenes, Proteus vulgaris, erally found to be significant for Gram-positive Yersinia enterocolitica, Staphylococcus aureus, Strepto- bacteria, but ineffective against Gram-negative coccus faecalis, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, As- bacteria. pergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Penicillium no- This study was carried out to screen the antimic- tatum. Salazinic acid did not show antimicrobial activity against L. monocytogenes, P. vulgaris, Y. enterocolitica, robial activity of extracts of the lichen Parmelia and S.
  • Australasian Lichenology Number 56, January 2005

    Australasian Lichenology Number 56, January 2005

    Australasian Lichenology Number 56, January 2005 Australasian Lichenology Number 56, January 2005 ISSN 1328-4401 The Austral Pannaria immixta c.olonizes rock, bark, and occasionally bryophytes in both shaded and well-lit humid lowlands. Its two most distinctive traits are its squamulose thallus and its gyrose apothecial discs. 1 mm c:::::===-­ CONTENTS NEWS Kantvilas, ~ack Elix awarded the Acharius medal at IAL5 2 BOOK REVIEW Galloway, DJ-The Lichen Hunters, by Oliver Gilbert (2004) 4 RECENT LITERATURE ON AUSTRALASIAN LICHENS 7 ADDITIONAL LICHEN RECORDS FROM AUSTRALIA Elix, JA; Lumbsch, HT (55)-Diploschistes conception is 8 ARTICLES Archer, AW-Australian species in the genus Diorygma (Graphidaceae) ....... 10 Elix, JA; Blanco, 0; Crespo, A-A new species of Flauoparmelia (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) from Western Australia ...... .... ............................ ...... 12 Galloway, DJ; Sancho, LG-Umbilicaria murihikuana and U. robusta (Umbili­ cariaceae: Ascomycota), two new taxa from Aotearoa New Zealand .. ... .. ..... 16 Elix, JA; Bawingan, PA; Lardizaval, M; Schumm, F-Anew species ofMenegazzia (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) and new records of Parmeliaceae from Papua New Guinea and the Philippines .................................. .. .................... 20 Malcolm, WM-'ITansfer ofDimerella rubrifusca to Coenogonium ........ ......... 25 Johnson, PN- Lichen succession near Arthur's Pass, New Zealand ............... 26 NEWS JACK ELIXAWARDED THE ACHARIUS MEDALAT IAL5 The recent Fifth Conference of the International Association for Lichenology (1AL5) in Tartu, Estonia, was a highly successful event, and most Australasian lichenologists will have the opportunity to read of its various academic achieve­ ments in other media*. The social programme included the traditionallAL Din­ ner, where, after many days of symposia, poster sessions, excursions, meetings and other lichenological events, conference delegates mingle informally and dust away their weariness over food and drink.
  • A Checklist of Lichens Collected During the First Howard Crum Bryological Workshop, Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area

    A Checklist of Lichens Collected During the First Howard Crum Bryological Workshop, Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area

    Opuscula Philolichenum, 2: 1-10. 2005. Contributions to the Lichen Flora of Pennsylvania: A Checklist of Lichens Collected During the First Howard Crum Bryological Workshop, Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area RICHARD C. HARRIS1 & JAMES C. LENDEMER2 ABSTRACT. – A checklist of 209 species of lichens and lichenicolous fungi collected during the First Howard Crum Bryological Workshop in the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area, Pennsylvania, USA is provided. The new species Opegrapha bicolor R.C. Harris & Lendemer, collected during the Foray, is described. Chrysothrix flavovirens Tønsberg and Merismatium peregrinum (Flotow) Triebel are reported as new to North America. On April 23-26, 2004, we were graciously allowed to be commensals during the First Howard Crum Bryological Workshop in the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area, Pennsylvania, USA. Given the dearth of knowledge of lichen distributions in Pennsylvania and the overall lack of recent vouchers, this was a valuable opportunity to collect in what turned out to be a rich and interesting area. We were quite surprised by the apparent high lichen diversity, as well as the number of novelties and rarities, in an area so close to the East Coast megalopolis. In four half-days in the field, we collected 209 species in a limited area of the Pennsylvania part of the Park. Some are clearly new to science of which, Opegrapha bicolor is described here (see Endnote). Two presumably undescribed species of Fellhanera will be published elsewhere, and the Halecania will be included in a forthcoming treatment of Ozark lichens. Others are left for the future, as present material (and our knowledge) are inadequate.
  • Biological Soil Crust Community Types Differ in Key Ecological Functions

    Biological Soil Crust Community Types Differ in Key Ecological Functions

    UC Riverside UC Riverside Previously Published Works Title Biological soil crust community types differ in key ecological functions Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2cs0f55w Authors Pietrasiak, Nicole David Lam Jeffrey R. Johansen et al. Publication Date 2013-10-01 DOI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.05.011 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Soil Biology & Biochemistry 65 (2013) 168e171 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Soil Biology & Biochemistry journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/soilbio Short communication Biological soil crust community types differ in key ecological functions Nicole Pietrasiak a,*, John U. Regus b, Jeffrey R. Johansen c,e, David Lam a, Joel L. Sachs b, Louis S. Santiago d a University of California, Riverside, Soil and Water Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Sciences, 2258 Geology Building, Riverside, CA 92521, USA b University of California, Riverside, Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA c Biology Department, John Carroll University, 1 John Carroll Blvd., University Heights, OH 44118, USA d University of California, Riverside, Botany & Plant Sciences Department, 3113 Bachelor Hall, Riverside, CA 92521, USA e Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic article info abstract Article history: Soil stability, nitrogen and carbon fixation were assessed for eight biological soil crust community types Received 22 February 2013 within a Mojave Desert wilderness site. Cyanolichen crust outperformed all other crusts in multi- Received in revised form functionality whereas incipient crust had the poorest performance. A finely divided classification of 17 May 2013 biological soil crust communities improves estimation of ecosystem function and strengthens the Accepted 18 May 2013 accuracy of landscape-scale assessments.
  • An Evolving Phylogenetically Based Taxonomy of Lichens and Allied Fungi

    An Evolving Phylogenetically Based Taxonomy of Lichens and Allied Fungi

    Opuscula Philolichenum, 11: 4-10. 2012. *pdf available online 3January2012 via (http://sweetgum.nybg.org/philolichenum/) An evolving phylogenetically based taxonomy of lichens and allied fungi 1 BRENDAN P. HODKINSON ABSTRACT. – A taxonomic scheme for lichens and allied fungi that synthesizes scientific knowledge from a variety of sources is presented. The system put forth here is intended both (1) to provide a skeletal outline of the lichens and allied fungi that can be used as a provisional filing and databasing scheme by lichen herbarium/data managers and (2) to announce the online presence of an official taxonomy that will define the scope of the newly formed International Committee for the Nomenclature of Lichens and Allied Fungi (ICNLAF). The online version of the taxonomy presented here will continue to evolve along with our understanding of the organisms. Additionally, the subfamily Fissurinoideae Rivas Plata, Lücking and Lumbsch is elevated to the rank of family as Fissurinaceae. KEYWORDS. – higher-level taxonomy, lichen-forming fungi, lichenized fungi, phylogeny INTRODUCTION Traditionally, lichen herbaria have been arranged alphabetically, a scheme that stands in stark contrast to the phylogenetic scheme used by nearly all vascular plant herbaria. The justification typically given for this practice is that lichen taxonomy is too unstable to establish a reasonable system of classification. However, recent leaps forward in our understanding of the higher-level classification of fungi, driven primarily by the NSF-funded Assembling the Fungal Tree of Life (AFToL) project (Lutzoni et al. 2004), have caused the taxonomy of lichen-forming and allied fungi to increase significantly in stability. This is especially true within the class Lecanoromycetes, the main group of lichen-forming fungi (Miadlikowska et al.
  • The Revision of Specimens of the Cladonia Pyxidata-Chlorophaea Group

    The Revision of Specimens of the Cladonia Pyxidata-Chlorophaea Group

    Acta Mycologica DOI: 10.5586/am.1087 ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPER Publication history Received: 2016-04-02 Accepted: 2016-12-21 The revision of specimens of the Cladonia Published: 2017-01-16 pyxidata-chlorophaea group (lichenized Handling editor Maria Rudawska, Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Ascomycota) from northeastern Poland Sciences, Poland deposited in the herbarium collections of Funding Research funded by the Polish University in Bialystok Ministry of Science and Higher Education within the statutory research. Anna Matwiejuk* Competing interests Department of Plant Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Bialystok, Konstantego No competing interests have Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland been declared. * Email: [email protected] Copyright notice © The Author(s) 2017. This is an Open Access article distributed Abstract under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, In northeastern Poland, the chemical variation of the Cladonia chlorophaea-pyxi- which permits redistribution, data group was much neglected, as TLC has not been used in delimitation of spe- commercial and non- cies differing in the chemistry. As a great part of herbal material of University in commercial, provided that the article is properly cited. Bialystok from NE Poland was misidentified, I found my studies to be necessary. Based on the collection of 123 specimens deposited in Herbarium of University Citation in Bialystok, nine species of the C. pyxidata-chlorophaea group are reported from Matwiejuk A. The revision of NE Poland. The morphology, secondary chemistry, and ecology of examined li- specimens of the Cladonia pyxidata-chlorophaea group chens are presented and the list of localities is provided. The results revealed that (lichenized Ascomycota) from C.