Wilder Penfield MD 1891-1976 • B Spokane, Washington • College- Princeton • Rhode Scholarship- Oxford ̶ Studied Neuropathology under Sherrington • France WW1-dresser in military hosp • Wounded when ferry (SS Sussex) was torpedoed • Med School- John Hopkins (1918) • Resident –PBB Harvard, then Oxford (met Osler) • Worked with Pio del Río Hortega on oligos in Spain • Apprenticeship with Cushing in Boston • Faculty- Neurologic Institute, New York • Developed interested in epilepsy surgery ̶ Met Rockefeller • 1928-McGill Univ/Royal Victoria Hosp-1st Neurosurgeon • 1934-1st Dir Montreal Neurologic Institute (est. with Rockefeller funding) Wilder Penfield MD 1891-1976

• 1934- Canadian Citizen • 1943-Fellow Royal Society • 1953-Order of Merit • 1960-Lister Medal, UK – Retired • 1967-Companion of The Order of Canada • In retirement he wrote a novel “The Torch” and a autobiography No Man Alone • 1976- died of abdominal cancer • Founder of clinical neuroscience in Canada • Pioneer of; – Epilepsy surgery – Brain localization of functions by stimulation during surgery Wilder Penfield MD 1891-1976 Scientific Accomplishments • “Montreal Procedure” for Epilepsy – Destroyed nerve cells in brain where seizures originated – Brain exposed under local anesthesia – Stimulated cortex, observed exposers – Goal- reduce side effects of surgery • By-product- created maps of sensory & motor cortices – Major contribution to localization – Cortical homunculus – Charted functions of temporal lobes – Stim: recalled dreams, smells, visual, and auditory hallucinations, memory recollections, déjà vu, fear From Speech and Brain Mechanisms . Wilder Penfield MD 1891-1976 Publications Epilepsy and Epilepsy and the Speech and Brain Cerebral Functional Anatomy of Mechanisms (1959) Localization (1941) the Human Brain (1954) Wilder Penfield MD 1891-1976

• .

1968 1977 Wilder Penfield book in Dr. Barohn’s Library Prospect and Retrospect in Neurology (1955)

• . Montreal Neurological Institute (est. 1934)

.