Course for HPD Teachers Npeachers of Health and Personal Development, Who Are Looking for Helpful Courses at the U.B.C

Have a Coke — so good in laslo, in .such good laste

SAT*-C0ltE"0R-COCA^:OLA"—BOTH TBADE-HARKS MEAN THE fRODUCT OF COCAXOLA LID.- THE WORLD-S BEST-LOVED SPARKLING DRINK. The cheerful lift of Coke adds to the family fun

There's the refreshment of the famous taste ... the gaiety in the quick nalural Hfi-. . . and always the rightness of good taste Coca-Cola brings to any occasion. Keep Coke always on hand—for your family to enjoy . . . anytime. SIGN OF GOOD TASTE

YOUR LOCAL BOTTLER HAS A SPECIAL EVENTS DEPARTMENT BEADT TO ADVISE TOU OF tOUR REFRESHMENT HEEDS FO" OAHCtS. HOME AND SCHOOL MtETINCS. ETC. with TCA's new Tourist fares

wonderful vacation spots...relatives and friends across the country...are only hours — away by air!

Make this the year to see more of Canada ... to visit rela• tives or friends in other parts of the country. TCA's Tourist fares are lower this year-reduced by up to 20%. You've nothing extra to pay for meals, and no tipping!

Sample Tourist fares from Vancouver:

MONTREAL S246oo -ndfrip $5400 round trip

"fly now-pay later" if you wish-10% down gets you OR your way!

More good news from TCA! Now you can fly TCA any• where in Canada or to the United States on TCA's' Pay Later' plan. No fuss-yonr signature on one form is all that is needed-

See your Trave/ Agent or TCA Office—soon/

TRAMS'CANAM MIR LINSB

MAY - JUNE. 19SB TEACHERS' BULLETINS

SUMMER JOB OPPORTUNITIES FOR TBACHBRS IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

Pleasant, Profitable, Educational Work

A Marshall Field family-owned enterprise has open• ings for teachers in interesting vacation positions in the educational field. Fascinating work. If you qual• ify, you will work on a guaranteed income which will substantially supplement your present salary. Train• ing at the close of the school year at company's ex• pense. Permanent positions for those showing leader• ship, ability. Personnel Manager will be in or near your community for personal interview in the near future. Clip coupon today and air mail for a prompt ft personal reply.

CLIP A3>m AIR MAIL COUPON TODAY mu

PERSONNEI, MANAGER, Suite 301 85 Bloor St. E., Toronto 5, Ontario I am interested in learning more about the summer opportunity de• scribed in your ad and would Hke to receive complete information. I understand this places me under no obligation whatsoever.

LAST NAME INITIAL FIRST NAME MR. MRS. MISS

RESIDENCE ADDIIESS TOWN PROVINCE

FIIONE NUMIIEK PRESENT SCHOOL rOSlTION CR,\DE OR SUBJECT

NAME OF SCHOOL SCHOOL ADDRESS SCHOOL CLOSING DATE

THE B. C. TEACHER This Issue This last issue of the year 1957-58 contains the reports ot the Annual General Meet• ing. On page 382 you will find the complete text of the address given by the Minister on April 7. Immediately fol• OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE BRITISH COLUMBIA lowing, on page 389. is the TEACHERS' FEDERATION President's report on her (Agiliated wilh the Canadian Teachers' Federallon) year iin olfice. Then comes Dr. Metheny's address lo the VOLU.ME .\XXVII. No. ,S MAY-JUNE, IPSS delegates: The Courage to Lead. Prim is with us again on page 395. TABLE OF CONTENTS .The report on the Cana• dian Conference on Education FEATURES Page will be found on page 398. More articles on this topic The Minister's Convention Address 382 will be published in the The President's Busy Year Mollie E. Cottingham 389 aului.\n. The Courage to Lead Eleanor Metheny 393 Dr. Harry L. Stein, of the College of Educalion, sug• . Prim Takes to Visual Aids Maurice Gibbons 395 gests ou pace 403 that The Canadian Conference on .secondary n; "•• .inatics teach• Education Mollie E. Cottingham 398 ers may necu'.-ime reeduca• tion. The Pie-education of Secondtiry Mathematics Teachers Harry L. Stein 403

DEPARTMENTS The Editor Comments Specify die Frills 381 EDITORIAL BOARD For Your Infonnation 414 STAN EVANS, On Your Behalf. 416 Editor and Business Manager, Across the Desk 419 A. BARBARA MACFARLANE. Associate Editor. New Books 421 It's News to Us 428 MOLLIE E. COTTINGHAM ESTHER G. HARROP MISCELLANY H. S. JOHNSTON F. P. LIGHTBODY Our Annual Workshop 400 A Home for Every Teacher Rita MacCosham 401 C. D. OVANS Refunds of Pension Payments 413 So Little for Education /. Douglas Ayers and Geraldine Channon 418 An Open Lettrer. 432 The Canadian College of Teachers 4.33 MEMBER EDUCATIONAL The Old Water-wheel, Ashcroft..WiI/ard. E. Irelattd 434 PRESS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA

EDITORIAL OFFICE: 1815 W. 7tli Avenue, Vancouver 9, B.C. OFFICE STAFF B.C.T.F. OFFICERS Published every montli except June, July, August and Septem• C. D. OVANS. MOLLIE E. COTTINGHAM. ber. Advertiser's copy received Ceneral Secretary. President. up to the Ist of the month pre• ceding month of publication. H. N. PARROTT, STAN EVANS, First Vice-President. Annu.i1 Subscription: S2.2S; Federation Members, S1.50. Assistant Ceneral Secretary. R. B. COX. Autliorized as Second Class Mall, Second Vice-President. Post Office Department,' Ottawa. J. A. SPRAGGE, W. M. TOYNBEE. Printed by Evergreen Press Ltd. Executive Assistant. Secretary-Treasurer.

MAY-JUNE, ISSa 373 Provtocia! Teachers' Medical Services Association 1815 West 7th Avenue, Office Hours: Vancouver 9, B.C. Monday-Saturday, 9:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m.

Below we give you one more set of answers to questions about the medical services available. If, during the past few months, we have not anticipated your question, write us and we'll be happy to give you the information you require.

What happens if I move from a district in which Plan A is in effect? A Plan A member transferring to another district in which Plan A is in operation simply notifies the school board and his membership continues without an initiation or transfer fee. If, however, he transfers to a district where Plan A is not in effect, he may (a) maintain his Plan A coverage by paying fhe full fee to the P.T.M.S.A. office or (b) revert to Plan B. In either case, no initiatior. fee is required.

Is there any restriction on whom I may consult? No, members may consult any recognized general practitioner or specialist upon referral.

If my illness becomes chronic, is my coverage limited? Under Plan A there is no limitation. Under Plan B, however, coverage is granted until pernicity is established.

How do I make a claim for medical expenses? Simply call or visit your doctor, showing him your membership card. Then leave the rest to us.

374 THE B. C. TEACHER [Now available for classroom instruction.

e geological and historic^; information about nici • development of the nickel Industry In Canada • mining, milling, smelling and refining the Sudbury nickel ores • the importance of nickel in our everyday lives » the future of the nickel indusliy in Canada; career opportunities

JUST PUBLISHED; THE EXCITING STORY OF NICKEL "The Exciting Story of Nickel", illustrations and diagrams are sub• a beautifully illustrated 32-page jects suited for classroom discussion. booklet in colour is now avaiiable "The Exciting Story of Nickel" free for use in classroom instruc• makes easy and fascinating reading. tion. Written by Alan King It should prove to Ise a worthwhile especially for Canadian youth, teaching aid for you. We will be it has met with the approval of glad to supply enough copies for prominent educators. each pupil in your class. "The Exciting Story of Nickel" ^^ _ ^—» provides interesting and informa• I THE INTEBNATIONAl NICKEL COMPANY tive source material for classes in I OF CANADA, LIMITED, geography, geology, science, history ] 55 Yonit StesL Tcronto and related subjects. The frequent I sir.:

I PIMW lend mt THE EXCITING STORY OF NICKEL:

I copies o( £n£lish .copies of French

NAME

SCHOOL ORitLlES....

ADDRESS .' THE INTERNATIONAL NICKEL COMPANY

OF CANADA, LIMITED CITY..,\... PROVINCE.. SS Yonge Street, Tcronto

'MAY • JUNE. 19S8 1815 WEST 7th AVENUE Vancouver 9, B.C, OFFICE HOURS: 9:00-5:00 PHONE: Tuesday to Friday BAyview 8121 9:00 - 1:00 Saturday

JMA 9A 0(^IU^ ...

I like to have my SAVINGS PROGRAM with the B.C.T.F. Credit Union

1. I like the.convenient hours, The office is open from 9 a.nn. to 5 p.m. Tuesday through Friday, and from 9 a.m. to I p.m. on Saturday.

2. Mike the way in which my savings perform DOUBLE DUTY by earring 31/2 percent interest compounded annually, and by being insured, dollar for dollar, to a maximum of $2,000.00, against my possible death. (This free insurance, by the way, is paid for by the Credit Union.)

3. .1 like the way in which I can transact all my business by mail.

4. I like the cheerful efficient service.

Why don'f you open an account with fh& B.CJ.F. Credit

Union and enjoy these advantages? ,,

THE B. C. TEACHER OVER THE RAINBOW...

How many colors color experience go are there? If you into making Sargent stick to spectral col• Artists' Colors tbe ors that can be clear• perfect partner for ly distinguished by your creative talent. the eye, then, the top estimate is about The same care, 200. But, when you crafslmanship and begin lo add blacks experience which and whiles to make tints and shades, goes inlo making quality professional you may be able to get as many as artist colors is utilized to produce the ten million. Accurate scienlific instru• finest line of Classroom Colors and ments arc made that can delect over Materials available — Sargent Colors 2,000,000 color variations. Years of ...Crayons • Chalks • Poster Colors • research and experience in detecting Clays • They're first choice in the such variations in color are needed classroom for built-in quality, crc- to produce perfect, consistent artists tive use and solid value at modest colors. Decades of such specialized cost.

SARGENT COLORS. LTD., 266 KING STREET WEST. TORONTO 2B, ONTARIO

MAY-JUNE. 1958

4 -0 . Co-operative Association

1815 West Seventh Avenue Vancouver 9, B.C.

Phone BAy>'iew 8121 Manager Available OfRce Hours: Mon. - Fri. 4:30 - 5:30 p.m. Mon. - Fri. 9:00 o.m. - 5:00 p.m. Sot. 9:30 a.m. • 12:00 noon

4 few highlights reported to the Annuol General Meeting

In 1957

Membership increased from 1617 to 1923

Share certificates increased from $10,649 to $12,505

Loan certificate capital increased from $570,400 to $772,600

Mortgage loans granted 54

Mortgage loans repaid 20 ' ' 'I

Further advance has been made to March 3I,\;!958

Membership to 2015 /A

V( Share capital to $13,020 • /' \

Loan certificate capital to $889;300 |

:Our informational outline is yours on request by^nail or phone.

Use Co-operative Loan certificates as a secured ii; ves'ment—interest ; may be compounded on the loan certificates\^atV6,%.

THE B.C. TEACHER The Canadian Army has recently completed a new film "The Way to a Fine Future" depicting the life of the Soldier Apprentice. This outstanding film is produced and directed by Army motion picture technicians and is available for showings in schools across the country.

It illustrates, in dramatic form, the Soldier Apprentice, typical of fine Canadian boys, growing up as alert young men, each being taught a valuable trade, combined with sound military training. These young men are the type that are headed for leadership in Canada's modern Army.

This fihn tnay well be an inspiration to the students in your \ classrooms. Write today requesting a showing in your school of "The Way to a Fine Future", produced in 16 mm full colour \ (miming time 22 minutes);

ARMY HEADQUAftTERS, DIRECTORATE OF MANNING, OTTAWA, ONTARIO Charlesworth Memorial

Applications for the Charles^vorth Memorial Scholarship are called for by the British Columbia Teachers' Federation.

Conditions of the Scholarship are:

1. The award is an annual scholarship of .$200.

2. The scholarship is open to the son or daughter of any present, retired, or deceased member of the British Columbia Teachers' Federation.

3. The award is made upon the basis of demonstrated ability and with some consideration of need.

4. The scholarship is available to students proceeding to the College of Education, to any other faculty of the University, or to any other institution of higher education.

5. Applications should be made in writing to. the General Secretary of the British Columbia Teachers' Federation, 1815 West 7th Avenue, Vancouver 9, B.C., on or before August 15th, 1958.

6. Application forms are available from the Federation Office.

3BO THE B. C. TEACHE": the \^ditor comments'

Specify the Frills

TN any discussion of the cost of education, students of all ranges of ability and inter• we can be practically certain that some• ests there must be a great variety of courses one will come forth with the statement, to offer a program from which all students "It's time we cut out a lot of the frills." can profit. But ask him to specify the frills and the No longer can high schools offer only fuzziness of his thinking is immediately courses in the academic field. Industrial apparent. arts, home economics and commercial In this present round of criticism of edu• courses, with their specialized equipment, cation costs the customary fuzzy thinking must be provided. has again been displayed. We suspect that Another accepted function of the school one criterion used by the critics is to is to aid in developing sound bodies. Gym• classify as a frill any aspect of tlie school nasia are needed to pennit a program of program which was not in eifect when they physical fihiess. went to school. Those critics who call for a removal of Most certainly just because some course "the frills" in education refer to a removal is now part of the curriculum we should of these special courses and the equipment not assume that that justifies its existence. needed for tliem. They are not making Why is the course ofifered? What is the their suggestion with full consideration of purpose of our schools? These are the the effect such a removal would have on questions to be answered. the basic principle of educating all boys There seems to be little criticism of the and girls regardless of their peculiar abili• elementary school program as far as frills ties and interests. are concemed. This is no doubt because all segments of our society have genuinely The alternative to a broad program in• accepted the premise that all children cluding the "speeid" courses is a return to should receive an elementary school educa• the limited curriculum designed for the tion. The program of the elementary school intellectual elite and termination of fonnal is aimed at providing the fundamentals of education for at least fifty percent of our reading, writing and 'rithmetic and the em• youth, at age fifteen. What then would phasis on these corresponds more closely these young people do, for undoubtedly with "what we had when I went to school" industry and business cannot absorb them than do the courses in the secondary school. at such an early age? It is sometimes forgotten that today When we as Canadians spend $60 per schools exist to give every man's child an capita on education compared with $89 education to the extent that he can profit for liquor and tobacco and $120 for the from it. This means tliat we no longer purchase and operation of cars, we have have as high school students only those no argument that we can not afford even whose academic ability and interests will greater expenditure on educi^Jon. (See lead them to university. When we have page 418)

MAY-JUNE. ISSB The Minister's Convention Address

® Invites submissions to Royal Commission

npHIS past twelvemonth has been an ex- concerned with the strained relationships tremely busy year for the Department that have develojjed in so many of the of Education. As a matter of fact, die school districts of our province during the senior officials in my Department tell me past year. that this has been the busiest year in the At the outset, may I say that I have entire history of the Department, and I always recognized the fact that your orga• can well believe them. nization, as an association of employees, In addition to the routine business, which must be concerned with the material re• is normally sufficient to keep every person wards to the members of your j^rofession. in my Department fully occupied, we have I expect, and the public should expect, you had to cope with three extraordinary prob• to be alert to material considerations. On lems: the other hand, the Trustees' Association, as The first was the revision of the Public an association of employers of teachers, Schools Act—an Act which dates back to nmst be equally as concerned about getting 1872. good value for every tax dollar they spend. The second relates to the appointment of Recognizing these two facts, it is fair to a Royal Commission on Education with all conclude that employers and employees the attendant study and assessment re• must, in the inevitable nature of tilings, quired to determine whether or not it was have i^oints of difference in relation to at this time in the public interest to appoint salaries and conditions of employmeni. such a Commission. These differences have occurred in tlie jiast, The third and most trying problem of all but this year was the first time for many has been the Government's concern oyer years that they have reached the point the disputes which have existed between where the welfare or many children teachers' associations and local school throughout the province and, through them, boards in approximately twenty-five or the welfare of the province itself, is threat• more school districts in the province. ened. ; I could speal/.on any one of these mat• In most of the school districts in ques• ters for the fuli fime allotted to me this tion it is apparent that for tactical reasons evening, but I W:!)' endeavor to abbreviate eidier one side or the other, or both, refused my remarks and tbiich on all of them. Since to take advantage of die machinery pro• the last matter is probably uppermost in the vided for settling salary disputes. Under the minds of the members of this convention, I former Public Schools Act there was pro• propose to give it priority and deal with vision for entering into salary agreements it at some length. I am sure that we are all and, in default of agreement, it was pro-

382 THE B. C. TEACHER vidcd tl>at either party could submit the H.C.T.F. As long as the Government of matter to arbitration, and the arbitration this province ijrescribed by statute that no award is to be binding on both parties. qualified person could teach without he- However, instead of applying for arbitra• coming a member of the B.C.T.F., the tion, school boards fixed salaries, and, on Government was quite literally, though in• the otiier hand, teachers' associations de• voluntarily, takuig the side ol^ the teachers clared districts as "non-agreement areas" in a dispute & gainst their employers by rather than applying for arbitration. making the ia-di.spute tactic completely Your organization alleges that in some effective. Such a position was imtenable in districts, school boards, acting on sugges• view of the Go\'ernment's responsibility to tions from their central association, set sal• all the people—not just to any particular aries under Section 47 without first nego• group. When teachers refused to consider tiating in good faith. On the other hand, their use of this particular weapon, the only tlie boards in these districts claim that choice left was to suspend the compulsory negotiations were carried on to the point membership sections of the Public Schools where it was obvious that no agreement Act. could be reached, and then salaries were Automatic Membership Discussed set by the board. Compulsory membership, prescribed by In my view, and I want to make it very statute, is a professional privilege. It was clear, both the setting of salaries without shortly after the impletion of the Cameron negotiation by boards, and the declaring of Report that your organization askerl the districts as "non-agreement areas" by Government to enact legislation making teachers' associations are practices which membership in the B.C. Teachers' Federa• seem to negate the intent of the provisions tion automatic. The following excerpts are of the former Act. Whether you agree with taken from the brief, and the accompanying my opinion or not, I think you will agree letter, of the B.C.T.F. which were presented that the persons who would have suffered to the Government of the province at that most from any continuance of this unsatis• time: factory situation in so many school districts "We would respectfully point out that the of the province were the pupils in the British Columbia Teachers' Federation, schools. That is why the Government now entering its 31st year, is not a new and deemed it necessary to intervene. untried organization. Three-way Responsibilities "Never has the Federation abused the The B.C. School Trustees' Association has considerable prestige and strength it enjoys a responsibility towards its member boards in the staunch support of approximately and the individual trustees. The B.C. 85% of the teachers of this province . . . Teachers' Federation has a responsibility "Never has the Federation encouraged or towards its member associations and the supported a breach of contract or other individual teachers. My responsibility is to• actions of any member, which we believe wards the people of this province in gen• unprofessional or contrary to the interests eral, whether trustees, teachers, or laymen, of education generally ..." and, in particular, towards the pupils in the schools. I endeavored not to take sides On the strength of these and other assur• in this dispute which, after all, was a dis• ances by the teachers' representatives, the pute between emx^loyers and employees. Government of the province enacted the My action in the Legislature, when it be• legislation that enforced automatic mem• came apparent that the in-dispute policy bership in the B.C. Teachers' Federation. was to be continued, is completely con• It must be evident to everyone present sistent with the Government's position. that professional privileges involve profes• Declaring a district a "non-agreement" area sional obhgations. In my opinion, no pro• by the B.C. Teachers' Federation had the fessional group has the right to withhold effect of preventing such a district from essential services from the public because filling its vacancies with members of the of some disagreement with a third party.

333 MAY-JUNE, 19SB For example, the motlical profession may matic membership to deprive the "disputed" not agree with the Government's scale of districts of essential services, it seemed rates paid on behalf of old age pensioners, necessary for the Government to withhold but the doctors do not penalize the iên- the proclamation of the "automatic mem• sioners by widiholding their essential ser• bership" sections in the new Public Sehools vices from this age group. Similarly, the Act. pharmacists may feel that the rates paid by Had the Government done otherwise, it the Government for filling prescriptions for would have been publicly aligning itself welfare cases are inadequate, but they do with the teachers against the school boards not cease to provide their essential services and acting contrary to the public interest to these cases under dispute. Even the Pro• of the people of Briti.sh Columbia. vincial Government Employees' Associa• This was the position when the joint tion, which is not basically a professional meeting of Executives of the B.C.S.T.A. organization, made provision to continue to and the B.C.T.F. occurred. operate essential services if its menibers went on strike. Joint Agreement is Binding The same obligation is expected of the After two days of earnest consideration, teachers as a professional group, because of frank exchange of opinion, of the hard the teaching ijrofession is responsible for work of examining every angle of past posi• the providing of essential services to the tions, present feelings, and possible future children of this province and, in the public solutions, an agreement was reached. This mind, failure to discharge this rcsxônsibility agreement makes possible, without any loss fully is an unprofessional act. of local autonomy or surrender of local initiative by either board or teachers' asso• Children's Welfare Jeopardized ciation, a way out of an existing difficulty Now, in all of the districts in dispute, in districts where disputes exist, if both save one, the normal legal channel for set• sides wish to follow it. It is a binding agree• tlement by arbitration had been originally ment insofar as your provincial organiza• avoided. In the meantime, notices had been tions are concerned—that is, the B.C.T.F. circulated among teachers and students in and the B.C.S.T.A.—and cannot be repu• training as teachers notifying them that diated by either organization. It is not, of these districts were "non-agreement" areas course, binding on the local teachers' asso• where members of the B.C.T.F. present or ciations or local school boards because all future, would not apply while the "no of these organizations are autonomous agreement" condition existed. Paid adver• bodies. tisements were inserted, even in Old Coun• I am prepared to recommend the procla• try, newspapers, advising prospective re• mation of those sections of the Act relating cruits from Great Britain of "no agreement" to compulsory membership as soon as areas, in spite of the fact that no positions settlements are reached in the various dis• were being filled by boards from these ap• tricts in question, thereby ensuring that plicants unless they had been known to be qualified teachers are able to apply for em• vacant prior to the salary dispute. ployment in those districts, and conse• Under these circumstances, when the quently that schools will open for the welfare of the children of the province was instruction of our children in the new school in jeopardy, the Government of the Prov• year. I am anxious to see your organ!:;;ation ince, which has a responsibility to both the have compulsory memhership because I be• teachers and to the school boards, could lieve that teaching should be a profession, not ignore its greater responsibility to the and that every teacher should belong to children of die province. It had to do its an organization that is concerned with the duty in the best interests of the iûblic and welfare of its membersliip. However, I of die school children. For tliis reason, and would hope, too, that every professionally- because the teachers' use of the "no agree• minded teacher in this province will not ment" tactic had the effect of causing auto• only be a passive member by compulsion.

THE B.C. TEACHER The newest nicnilKT i.s welcomed into tlie Le;ii;iie of I'.TSt I'lcsidents!

The Minister was |>hotographcd its he presented his nicss.igc on Monday evening.

Tins .selection of student art work was on tlisplay at Gladstone High .School. hilt an active mcml)cr tlirough participa• Federation are founded. It was only pos• tion. Too often, in any organization affair.s sible because the particiiiaiits in it reali/cd are left to those who will undertake the to the full their grave rcsponsiljilitics to e.verlions and jiressures of olficc, or to those their members, to the geiicral public, whose immediate interest is aroused for a lo the clu'ldrcn of this province. To mc, it .short time by some question which is of was the highest peak yet reached in the purely personal concern. development of trustee and professional The work of this Federation is important responsibility. Your own Executive mem• work. Every teacher v.'ho wishes teaching bers reflected not only their individual to be a profession has not just the right, abilities to act as sound and forward-look• but the duty, to take part in forming the ing leaders of a maturing profession, but policies of his professional organizatiwii, also ill tlicir persons they won respect for whether those policies deal with the inter• the teaching body of this province who ests of teachers as employed pcnsons, or elected them to office. There can lie noth• with the larger issues of education. ing v'Jiy wrong with a federation of asso• ciations that chooses its leaders as wisely Good Conciliators Appointed as you have done. I am very pleased with the calibre of This sense of responsibility of the Feder• l^ersons appointed as conciliators hy both ation was so evident to me as 1 sat and provincial organizations. These conciliators listened that it seemed only just that it will give full time from now until the should be recognized, and I do want to end of the school j'car to this service. I recognize it today. hope that they will neither dictate a solu• tion, nor detract from the prerogatives of Past Achievements Recounted the local parties, but will endeavor to ad• Now, Mr. Chairman, I would like to turn vise them toward the reaching of an agree• to a discussion of the new Public Schools ment. I am confident that, with the co• Act, concentrating particularly on a few of operation of local associations and local the sections concerning teachers and the boards, the present difficulties will .soon be teaching profession. resolved. As an introduction, may I say that by While the matter of payment of the con• working together over the jiast many years ciliators was not discussed at the joint meet• in a spirit of harmony, the Government, the ing of both organizations, nevertheless I am rejirescntatives of the B.C.T.F., and the happy to advise you today that the Govern• representatives of the B.C.S.T.A., have been ment is prepared to pay to your Federation able to improve the legislation in this prov• the expenses of your conciliators up to a ince for the benefit of all parties concerned. maximinn of $500. The same offer, is ex• By way of example, in addition to "auto• tended' to the B.C. School Trustees' Asso• matic membership" the Government has ciation. May I make it very clear that this provided for the security of tenure of assistance was not requested by your I''ed- teachers. It has raised the standards of eratior.; nor has the matter of payment of qualification for teaching. It has reduced expenses been discussed with any member the teaching load, and shortened the teach• of your Federation. It is simply a unilateral ing day. It has established a College of act; by the Government subsequent to the Education to improve the facilities for . meeting, which I hope will be accepted by training of teachers. It has, through revi• your, organization in the same spirit in sions to the Educational Finance Formula which it is offered. contained in the Act, provided large sums -The terms of tliis agreement between of money for the support of teachers' your organization and the B.C.S.T.A. are salaries. It has arranged that the salaries of undoubtedly now well known to you. In teachers be on an annual basis, although my view, the total agreement reached was die teaching year is always less than two not so much a compromise as the result of hundred working days. It has reserved any a realization of the basic and fundamental decision on the desirability of establishing principles on which both Association and a provincial salary scale for teachers, not-

THE B. C. TEACHER 386 withstanding tho fact that in England and Rel'ercnce. To attain the objective, there is in many other parts of the British Com• provision for an Investigation Committee monwealth such scales are fixed by statute. consisting of three persons—one appointf^d It has subsidized the operation of summer ])y tho local school lioard, otic by tlie local schools for teachers. It has provided for the association of teachers, and. a third by tlie teachers a superannuation plan th.at is con• Superintendent of Education. The members stantly being improved. It has contributed of this committee will investigate the com• hundreds of thousands of dollars towards plaint and report their findings and recom• the building ol' teacherages in remote areas mendations to the parties concerned. It to improve the living conditions of teachers. is hoped, by this means, that the Investiga• It has provided better working conditions tion Committee will be able to settle most by increasing its grants towards school of the di.sputes and that there will be very buildings and equipment. Under the new few cases which will have to go beyond Act, the Provincial Government pays 90 this stage to the more formal hearing he- percent of approved capital costs over a fore a Board of Reference. local levy of 4'/2 mills. Salary Procedures Outlined In other words, the Government of the We next come to the method of deter• Province, over the years, has done every• mining teachers' salaries. thing in its power to promote the interests The mode of determining teachers' sal• of the teachers and of the teaching profes• aries will, I suppose, always be open to sion in British Columbia. some dispute, but in the new legislation Some Provisions Continued we have attempted to improve the method This is the background of school legisla• of settlement. The old Act did not specifi• tion directly affecting the working condi• cally provide for negotiation or conciliation. tions for teachers in the recently super• The general practice has been for the em• seded Act. The new Act makes provision ployee and the employer—that is, the for the continuance of these provisions, as teacher and the loeal school board—to ne• well as the introduction of certain new gotiate on salary matters and, in default measures with which I will now deal. of agreement, submit the matter to arbi• tration, under which the decision of the lv the past, there has been general dis- Arbitration Board is final and binding upon satis'action, both on the part of teachers both parties. In the new Act it is prescribed and on the part of school trustees, widi two that, firstly, a certain time period be de• provisions of the old Act. The first relates fined for negotiations between the parties. to th( Board of Reference, and the second, Secondly, if no agreement is arrived at and n ore important, relates to the method through negotiation, that formal concilia• of determining teachers' salaries. tion proceedings will be conducted. In this I shill first deal with provisions of the connection, provision is made for two con• Act re! pecting the Board of Reference. ciliators, one to be appointed by the local Whei a teacher was suspended, trans• school board, and one by the teachers or ferred, or dismissed, he or she always had the local teachers' association. If a satis• the right of appeal to the Council of Pub-, factory settlement is not arrived at during lie Instn i.ction who, in turn, could refer the conciliation, then the third stage—that is, matter t(i a Board of Reference. This was a arbitration—is automatically invoked. tliree-mai board. One member was ap• I am very happy that both your Federa• pointed by the B.C. Teachers' Federation, tion and the B.C. School Trustees' Associa• one was appointed by the British Columbia tion have agreed to follow the spirit and School Trustees' Association, and the intent of the provisions of the new Act Chairman was elected from three members in respect of the determination of teachers' of the Bar appointed by the Chief Justice salaries. The B.C. School Trustees' Associa• of British Columbia. Under the new Act, tion has agreed to use all its influence to provision is made to have an investigation prevent any sehool board from fixing, set• prior to the hearing before the JBoard of ting, or determining salaries without follow-

MAY • JUNE, 19SB 387 ing, in good faitli, tlu; proccdmcs of ncgo- and the results of its lonj; cvpcrienve to tliis tirvlion, conciliation, and arbitration as set Commission. forth in tho new Act. On the other hand, Tin's Commission has been appoinlcd. your Federation has a«rced that where not because T do not feel that tliis jirovinet; salaries have been arrived at by negotiation, has good schools, bnt beciuist! I am <|uit(; conciliation, or arbitration, it will use all its sure thai no sy.slein of cilueiition is so good inHuence to prevent any local association lhat il cannot be impioved. These are criti• from taking any action x^rejudieial to the cal times. Certainly, the riilnrc will bring recruitment of teachers by its board. conditions much different to those existing I am confident that the new Act, widi now. Edueation will have to prepare i\;id these commitments, will work well to tlie plan for the road ahead. An imparl iu! sur• satisfaction of all concerned. vey by a Royal Commission, the first such Before leaving the new Public Schools since 192.'5, shoidd bring into focus the ex• A't I do want particularly to acknowledge isting strengths nn which we may build, an ' express my per.sonal appreciation for tlie exisiing weaknesses which wo may the ri-operation and assistance given by remedy, and the trends which s"jggo.st ]iadis your 1'"deration in tliis revision. The repre• to follow and padis to avoid. sentatives of your Federab'on have contri• Your experience as teachers is important buted in a very large measure to the new for the con.sideratinn of the Commission, Act, and I do want to acknowledge their both in its survey of what is being done, great help. .Tt has bson a big job. The and its reeonimendations as to what might original Public Sehools Act was ti;.;;sed in be done. 187:2 and, since that time, hundreds of Your Federation has, through the years, amendments, additions, alterations, and de• worked co-operadvely with successive Min• letions have been made to meet the chang• isters of Education. It has not always been ing educational and financial conditions possible in the past, nor will it be in the that have characterized the evcr-e.xpanding future, to accept ail of your suggestions development of this province. nor to carry out all i-our Federation's Because of these many changes, tho old wishes. When die Government did not do Act had become a patchwork of legislative so, you may have consoled yourself either provisions that often overlapped and, even with f'iie thought that you were just too far at times, contradicted one another. One of ahead of us and that we'd catch up in time, the most time-consuming tasks in this or with the thought that you had some• revision was the elimination of these con• times been wrong in the past and might tradictions ond the proper organization of even have been wrong in this case. Any• the subject matter. I am sure that it will way, whatever your thoughts, yoi; have not prove to be the "last word" in legisla• always been understanding. tion. Amendments may have to be made In conclusion, may I say this: The Min• from time to time in the future. However, ister of Education exists only for the edu• I think we can all agree that it is a big cational welfare of the children of diis improvement over the old Act, and we now province. So do the teachers. With this ever have up-to-date legislation on which to in mind, may I wish your Federation a suc• base further progress. cessful future, equally strong in tlie respect With reference to the Royal Commission of its teaclier-memliers, and in the respect on Education, may I be permitted to ex• of all citizens because it holds ahvays to its press the hope that your Federation and first objective: "To foster and ijromove the any local association will olfer its advice cause of education in British Columbia."

JUST BEFORE YOU GO — DON'T FORGET TO NAME A DELEGATE TO THE WORKSHOP

3S8 THE B. C. TEACHER Miss Cottingham's report to the Annual General Meelin''.

The Presidenf s Busy Year

MOLLIE E. COTTINGHAM

UST a year ago I came to tin's platform my stead to Victoria, to Fort Nelson, to the J to thank you for according me the great• Kootenays. Many times Mr. Toynbee took est honor and responsibility that you can my Profes.<;iona! Education lecttu'es at the bestow upon a colleague—the privilege of College as well as his own. Mr. John Prior being President of the B.C. Teachers' Fed• travelled to Grand Forks to take a speaking eration. As I faced the twelve months engagement for me. before me at that time, I felt a certain con• For the first time this year the President fidence for I had spent many years in the has had an office from v/hich to work, as service of my fellow teachers and five years well as having a year off from teaching on your central Executive. Moreover, that duties. Unless I was travelling there were confidence was based also upon the inev• very few days upon which I did not spend itable advice, direction and support that I some hours in my office, Sundays included. knew I should receive from the mem• This fact impels me to stress to you the bership. magnitude and extent of the service and activities which your Federation now pro• In a year of events far-reaching in impli• vides for your professional and personal cation for teachers and for education in the welfare. It impels me also to underline the province, your advice and direction have concern, the energy and the devotion which been abundant and your support has been your Executive Assistants and your office loyal. I thank you for them. I thank you stalf expend in your interests. No one who also for the capable Executive with whom has not worked in that office can quite I have shared the grave responsibilities of appreciate the multiple demands, and the leadership. Four other table officers, Mr. frustrations because complete fulfillment Ian Boyd, Immediate Past President, Mr. cannot always be accomiilishcd. These Harold Parrott and Mr. Reg Cox, Vice- co'.ne from the very heavy burden carried Presidents, and Mr. Manson Toynbee, Secre• by the staff. Mr. Ovans, General Secretary, tary-Treasurer, have given me the benefit is broadly responsible for the entire field of their experience and wisdom and have of activities. Mr. Evans, Assistant General travelled hundreds of miles and given time Secretary, is prepared to deputize for die and energy to keep engagements which the General Secretary in every field and is con• President's crowded program would not cerned particularly with Public Relations, permit her to fulfill. To visit local associa• and all aspects of pension problems and tions, to preside at Induction Ceremonies, to The B.C. Teacher. Mr. Allan Spragge, speak at i^ublic meetings, to represent us Executive Assistant, statistical expert, pre• at conferences and on committees, one or pares figures and summaries for salary other of these gentlemen has travelled in negotiations, is responsible for convention

MAY-JUNE, I9S8 389 arrangements, is now beeoming consultant go out from llie work of your secretaries on pensions. Each is prepared, at a mo• and your eomrnittees. At this ])()int may T ment's notice, to give advice, lo droii every• empliasi'/e that the Imrden now upon yo ir thing and travel whert-ver he is need(!d in office executives is too heavj' a load to the province or to carry the full burden in afford tliem (and you) Ihe satisfaetion of the office when the others are absent. More• giving each task the full atteiilion it de• over, no major commiltee meets without the mands. Only the adequacy of stenograpliic service of one or all of those men as con• and clerical stafl' mr.kes possible the service sultant. Miss Macfarlane takes almost full those executives are now giving. You must responsibility for the actual publication of soon face the decision as to whether you The B.C. Teacher, handles salary indem• wish to curtail expansion in order to keep nity claims, works in tlie field of Public widiin the limits of present top level execu• Relations. It has indeed been a privilege tive endurance or continue expansion of and an education to work widi this splendid serviee and provide the necessary top level quartet. It has been no less a privilege to stafi; without which further expansion is observe the immense volume of correspon• impossible. To this end Table Officers rnd dence, reports, notices, minutes, circular recent past presidents will meet again this letters, that must be processed by the office suinmer to discuss goals and activities of staff. Only the hard work, the high stan• the Federation. dards of quality, the devotion to duty, and The Building is Completed the willingness to spend hours of overtime For two of the busiest years of i:)lanning in your interests, make possible the informa• for the new building I was Chairman of the tion and the service that yon receive, both Property Management Committee. Thus I individually and through your local associa• deem it, indeed, a privilege to be president tions and committees. I wish I could take in the first year of occupancy, to have had time to outline for you the work of each the responsibility of completing the fur• person individually. I know of no office nishing of executive offices, staff room, staff to compare with this one, and the foyers, auditorium, and board rooms, to turnover of personnel is slight—you are for• have had the honor of receiving the keys tunate indeed! from the contractor at the official opening, Many Duties Undertaken and to receive guests upon that occasion There are tvvo major aspects to the lead• and on the two days of open house in Octo• ership of the President: leadership of the ber. Here in these physical surroundings internal organization with all its myriad planned for our needs, we have all our activities and interwoven lines of com• services under one roof. Already the expan• munication, leadership in representing you, sion of Credit Union business makes it like• the professional body of teachers, to the ly that that service will need larger space public and to other organizations. very shoiUy, while the work-room, in which all duplicating and mailing are handled, I shall speak first of my work as it con• will not likely be adequate for our needs cerned activities within the Federation. after two more years of expansion at the During the Summer Workshop of 1957, I present rate. presided at sessions of Table Officers and Past Presidents which lasted four days. At With the best executive and office staff in these sessions the duties of office personnel the world, your Federation would be noth• and the organization of office work were ing without die unselfish and tireless efforts discussed. Recommendations to the E.xecu- of lunidreds of members of local and central tive were implemented when we moved Federation committees as well as tlim into our new building, with the result that Boards of your three subsidiary services, sufRcient additions to stenographic and M.S.A., Credit Union and Co-op. To these clerical staff and to equipment made pos- niembers, so many of whom are known to sible a more immediate processing of the me personally, my gratitude and congratu• immense volume of materials which must lations for the work you are doing and the

THE B. C. TEACHER 390 and must succeed in providing for three satisfaction you find through service to your aspects of professional growth, in-service fellow teachers. Much as I .should have education, inspiration from visiting speakers liked to attend all meetings of our thirty- and discussion of Federation business. If three Federation committees, this was im• they fail to do so, we are not justified in possible. I did attend .some meetings of requesting the time for these conventions, fourteen of tiiem. I presided at a joint and we do ourselves more harm than good meeting of Lesson Aids, Curriculum and In- as a profession through tho unfavorable service Education committees from which recommendations, now being implemented, impres.sions wc create upon the local public will coordinate the work of these commit• and upon convention visitors. It is hearten• tees and put the experience and critical ing to know that at a very good meeting appraisal of more teachers at the disposal March 22, past and present Fall Convention of Lesson Aids, for the maintenance of chairmen .spent a whole day discu.ssing high standards in this rapidly expanding problems and sharing information about service. the excellent convention programs v/hich have been worked out. I am confident that I have been Chairman of the newly the standard of these programs will become established Relations Commission from imiformly high throughout the province as which personnel travel to local areas to a result of that meeting. help smooth out problems which, if left to Local Associations Visited develop, might become ethics cases. With an entire year to devote to Federa• A promotion to a vice-principalship has tion duties, it might well be expected that made it impossible for Mr. Norval Brown, your President would travel widely to visit Chairman of Finance, to continue repre• local associations and meet teachers every• senting the V.S.S.T.A. on the Executive where. Unfortunately, this year, the i^res- Committee. Under this circumstance your sure of responsibilities to the Federation as Executive has asked me as President, to a whole have made it necessary for me to take over his responsibility as signing officer refuse many such invitations and to disap• and official chairman of Finance for the point other local associations after their balance of the year. invitations had been accepted. To those Committees Hard at Work local associations which have welcomed me I have suggested to ten professional com• with such warm hospitality I am sincerely mittees—Acceleration and the Gifted Child, grateful. On these occasions I have been Academic Standards, Curriculum, In-service asked to address public meetings, to speak Education, Lesson Aids, Philosophy of Edu• to joint meetings of teachers and school cation, Professional Education and Induc• boards, to talk to future teacher clubs, to tion, Supervision Practices, Teacher Educa• the student bodies in high schools, to visit tion and Certification and Workload—that rural schools, to conduct Induction Cere• their activities be intensified in preparation monies, to act as consultant at in-service for the Federation's Master Brief to be i)re- workshops, to discuss problems with indi• sented to the Royal Commission on Educa• viduals and with teacher associations. It tion in British Columbia. Local associations was a special pleasure to go to such places are free also to present briefs provided a as Vanderhoof, Ucluelet and Tofino which copy is first submitted to the central office have not for some time been visited by an to ensure that conflicting views on major elected Federation officer. I have so far criticisms and recommendations will not be made seventeen such visits, east, west and submitted from within our professional north, and only the protraction of other organization. duties, which I have undertaken recently, In this year as President I have attended will prevent my making the other visits four Fall Conventions, bringing to a total scheduled for the balance of the year. To of sixteen my convention visits since I be• all who invited me or planned to do so, my came a Table Officer. I believe sincerely sincere thanks. Continued on page 109 that these conventions must be so planned 391 MAY - JUNE. 1958 Mr. H. L. .Smith, retired priiicsjial ot Victoria High 11. It. Cox presented ine tlharlesworth Memorial School, received the Tergusson Memorial Award from Award to Allan Trojan, .son of .Mrs. L. S. Trojan, L. C Curtis, Chainnan of the conunittee, wliile Mrs. a teacher in North Vancouver. Smith looked cm.

The new Table OHicers are R. II. Cox, First Vice-President; H. N. Parrott, President; Mrs. H. E. Hodson, Secretary-Treasurer; and \V. Janzen, .Second Vice-President.

Miss Cottingliam presented a totem to Dr. Metheny North Vanctniver Teacher Terence O'Mallcy rccciv- at the Delegates' Limcheon. ed the C;hristie Scholarsliip for Teacliers from Mrs. Kerr.

39Z THE B. C. TEACHER The Courage to Lead

ELEANOR METHENY

A basic quality in teachers

THHE most basic neecl we have today is world. An operator is motivated by desire for courageous people who will accept for power or status which is rooted in fear the responsibility and risks of leadership- of people and their power to thwart his people who are big enough and brave aims. enough to dare to try to change human Within this context, I shall confine my behavior and the situations in which human comments to five characteristics of effective beings live. In short, leaders. leadership. Leaders are persons who have the ability To be effective, a leader must be aware to produce significant change in the be• of people as individuals, rather than see havior of people or in sitiuitions in which them as things, objects, abstractions, or human beings live. All persons have this groups. He deals with the man across the ability to some extent, but the leader is table from him, not "the public." He aware of his abilit>' to affect the lives of focuses on the freckle-faced youngster in people and he accepts the responsibility for the front row, not "the child." He sees each changing lives in directions he believes to person as a unique human being whose be desirable. life is important, but neither more nor less Who shall say what is desirable or un• important than his own. And in this essen• desirable? This is the crux of the problem tial one-to-one relationship, he is aware of of leadership, Every leader must take the himself as a jjerson who has accepted some risk of being wrong. He cannot escape measure of responsibility for anodier per• this responsibility by saying: "Someone else son's life. said this is right." As a leader, he must act To be effective, a leader must focus his on his own belief, figuratively "staking his efforts on specific goals. He does not life" and the lives of others on what he, squander his resources by offering bits of himself, believes to be right or good. himself to every worthy cause that comes Even though we cannot define"desl-able" along. He uses his resources constructively and "undesirable" changes in categorical by concentrating them on selected objec• terms, we can define the characteristics of tives. He has the courag-; to say "no" to the good leader as distinguished from the many interesting possibilities in order to manipulator, the dictator, or the "big ojjer- have the strength to say "yes" to his own ator." prime responsibilities. A leader believes in something. An oper• To be effective, a leader must accept tlie ator wants something for himself. reality of situations, people, himself, and A leader's focus is on the development of the facts—then act within that framework. that which he believes is good. An oper• He does not seek a "magic answer" or a ator's focus is on what he will get out of it. A leader uses himself to develop some• thing in people. An operator uses other This article is the outline upon which people to get what he wants. Dr. Metheny based her address at the A leader is motivated by love for people Delegates' Luncheon, Monday, April 7, and faith in their ability to build a better 1958.

MAY - JUNE. 1958 393 "wliipping boy." He recognizes lliat any by o'lciiiig tlieiii a specific direction for big problem is complex and cannot bi; llie (.'xpressioii of iheir concern, .\eeepling solved overnigbt. He knows there are no the reality of llu; tol"l situation, which in- sweeping answers which will resolve im• cliidet; failure as well as occasional success, mediately all need for continuous human ho I'eeogni/es that the real meaning of his elfort in moving toward the ideals of demo• life is found in living out his own honest cracy. But he does not give up. Realistically beliels. he asks: "What can I do today to be an Problems arc Relatetl asset rather than a liability to the long-term But diis is not enough. No problem exists solution of these problems?" in a vaeinim. All problems in education Our "crisis in education" exists because and human welfare are related, and no in• our most basic belief is that education is dependent soluti(ms can be found which the best thing than can happen to a child, ignore the whole picture. To be totally and we v.ant more of it, not less. Recogni;:- effective, a leader must see the relation.ship ing this, the educational leader does not of his own chosen job to the jobs and sit back and wait for a miracle, he rolls up responsibilities of other people. If he fails his sleeves, does what he can. 9.v.d oirers to do this, he tends to magnify the im- what he has in an attempt to make a l^ortance of his own concerns and distorts mirncJc happen. And as he does so, other his own significance. lie sees everyone who like-minded people are encouraged to make does not actively promote his specific aims as tlieir seemingly small contribution, and his opposed to them. He feels that "the whole efforts are multiplied manyfold. world is against me "and becomes defensive The Test of a Leader and abused. And, as he does so, he misses The real test of a leader comes when he the real significance of his own efforts as meets opposition and failure. This happens a part of a bigger whole which encompasses to all leaders because their ideal is always the aims of all phases of education and beyond their ability to attain it, and because human betterment; and he wastes in self- at times the strength of Uie opposition is pity the energy which might be better greater than their own. Every leader wortiiy spent in cooperating with others who are of the name has known the anguish of working toward the same larger goals. seemingly utter defeat. But even as he suc• The real leaders who will shape the cumbs to his own discouragement and future are those who have the personal, decides to give up, he discovers that he down-to-earth courage it takes to live dieir cannot live with himself if he quits trying. beliefs minute by minute, year after year; He realizes that there is nothing less satis• the courage of men and women who believe fying than being called "a good Joe" by that people are more important than things; people with whom he basically disagrees— the courage to choose specific goals and people who are opposed to the values which focus their efforts upon attaining them; the he, himself, believes are good. He dis• courage to accept reality and work within covers that the opinions which count with it; the courage to live out their own beliefs and purposes in the face of failure and op• him are the opinions of the people whom position; the courage to look beyond the he identifies as good because they stand limits of their own concerns and see them for the values he, himself, cherishes. He in perspective as parts of a larger whole; discovers that life can have no greater re• the courage of men and women who know ward than diat of being counted with tlie what counts with them and have the people he considers good. And even as he courage to stand up for what they believe makes this decision, he discovers that he is is right. not alone. In every community there are This is the quiet, effective courage re• good people who want good things for quired of those who cheerfully accept the their children, and these people will stand risks of leadership because they know life with him and support him if he, himself, offers no greater satisfactions than those will provide a channel for their good will which stem from the courage to lead.

394 THE B. C. TEACHER Prim Takes to Visual Aids

MAURICE GffiBONS

T>RIM felt wonderful again. It was that "Now where was I?" ^ ecstatic anticipation which overcame "In the middle of the Lake," tittered him when he was going to teach a prepared Alice. "The Lake District, sir." lesson. And this lesson on the Romantic Prim quickly found his place and re• Poets was prepared to the last minute. Be• sumed blandly. "This is the country which fore him, on his desk, lay the films that inspired Wordsworth's great poem ... all Grimsby had just handed back to him— right, Jensen, what is it?" Prim's own films of Britain. A brief pic• "Isn't he liie guy that started a whole torial tour of the Lake Country. Discuss string of stores? the lives of a few selected poets, read one "He is not, and ..." or two poems, and tlien the mimeographed "Sir, are your films regular sixteen milli• question booklets—perfect. It had to be meter?" chirped Oswald. perfect. "Yes, but we're straying from the subject. This was the period that Maria taught in As I was saying about Wordsworth; he the room next to his—and the two rooms often travelled with Coleridge, who you were conveniently joined by a private door know, was a dope ..." —a door through which Maria inevitably "Are you really going to use this peeped to greet him. Today he would be machine?" It was Oswald again. prepared. After luring her into the room "Yes. Now will you stop inter ..." with a spectacular lesson Prim would non• "But, sir, it's just that you're going to chalantly mention that the films he was really flip." showing were only a sample of the many "I don't like your attitude, Oswald. In varied cinema studies he had made during fact, I'm on the verge of dispensing a deten• his week in Europe and would she care to tion ..." . . . and then Grimsby would be out-foxed "Sir. This is a fihnstripprojector. " at last—"or rather out 20th Centouy Foxed," Prim blanched briefly then dispatched thought Prim, supporting himself on the Oswald, with an encouraging pat or two on desk. the head, to fetch the correct projector. In Eustace smiled broadly as the children the interim, Eustace, ignoring Jensen's un- filed in; then, when they were all settled, derbreath comment—"This is obviously a he began. "Now, class, we're going to study Rank production"—made several comments the Romantic Poets. To begin . . . Yes, about "The Ancient Mariner" and the alba• Epsom, you may. I do wish you'd take care tross before Oswald struggled in, walking of that sort of thing between periods . . . almost at right angles to balance the big To begin, we will look at some movies of machine. Prim immediately put the class the Lake District in England which I took to work copying down the page numbers myself while I was there. Now these films of all the poems in the book and began set• . . . yes, Oswald, what do you want?" ting up the movie projector. With a sigh of "Are you going to show them on this relief he discovered a simplified diagram of machine, sir?" asked the boy. the loading process. Unfortunately, the "Of course. Now don't interrupt," an• machine had not been simplified too. swered Prim, slightly peeved at the inter• He discovered two spring cables and ruptions. managed vnth considerable effort to get

395 MAY-JUNE. 1958 Permission to reprint any of the stories "No wonder they call them Romantics, about Eustace Prim must be obtained Mr. Prim," commented Alice amid the dis• from the author, a teacher at West Van• appointed "alihs!" couver High SchooL "That's his tyi>ical method of approach," mumbled another. "Hey, this is better than Hitchcock. How them looped around the table to hold the did the plot develop, sir?" added Jensen projector steady. Then, gaining confidence, mischievously. he bolted the two long handles to the back Taking a deep breath. Prim set the class of the machine and fittetl a small reel neatly to work copying out the first lines of all the behind tlie last film guide, inside the case. poems in the book and then began to re• Moving swiftly now, with Hollywood wind the film so that the shots of the Lake hands, he coiled his film in an exact replica District would be first. Swiftly and deftly of the outline of tlie chart; with tlie help of he removed the film from the cogs and slots two students lifted it to the machine and and wheels; strung it adroitly between the carefully stuffed, tucked, and prodded it two reels and turned on the power switch. into place in the cogs and shafts; clamped With a high speed whirr the film began to the film in place; threw all tlie switches; spin from one roll to the other. In a nonce called the class to attention; ordered the the loose end was flapping against his guid• lights turned off, and, wearing a subtle ing hand. Alice turned to Jensen but the smile of conquest, turned on the machine. jest died on her lips as she intercepted the As he turned the knob, the projector's spring teacher's murderous glare, and she turned legs shot down, and Prim was able, with a back to her task. In an amazing display of nimble dive, to catch the projector just be• precision he wove the woof of film in the fore it catapulted from the table. simplified arabesque outlined in the sim• Eustace glanced nervously at the door plified diagram. An expectant hush had which separated him from Maria. Merci• fallen over the class. Glancing anxiously at fully, it was still closed. "Goodness!" he the door to Maria's room, Eustace tucked exclaimed to himself, "Imagine where I the white leader into the gathering reel. would be now if I hadn't planned." Putting A nonchalant smile crept over Prim's face the class to work copying down all the titles as he addressed the class again: "Well, boys of the poems in the text, he took the film and girls, these unexpected difficulties will out and began again. With the aid of such arise. We must leam to take them in our helpful hints from Oswald as "any kid who's stride and calmly work out a solution. I seen a projector before knows the reel believe we are now ready to see the Lake armature simply bolts on. there, sir," Prim Country which inspired so much romantic finally threaded the film into the machine. poetry." The lights were turned out, a brief Once again he stopped the class and square appeared on the screen, the class ordered the lights extinguished. Oswald chanted the inevitable count-down, and threw the switch. An.id cheers the screen finally a picture of Stonehenge glittered flickered to life. Suddenly from a Iddney- beautifully before the class. shaped swimming pool a girl emerged, feet first, floated gracefully through the air, som• "Ah, I seen this on TV lots of times," com• ersaulting as she went, and landed on a plained Jensen. high diving platform. Prim, aghast, was so "This is only the beginning," answered engrossed in plotting the traitorous Grims• Prim, "Northern England is next." by's fate for not rewinding the film that he "When are we going to get talkies in this did not stop the macliine before the picture school?" groused another. showed himself, in a Bikini, chasing a long- The scene shifted to an idyUic country legged beauty headlong down Brighton valley when, suddenly, the picture began Beach backwards. Planting himself firmly jumping violently up and down. Almost un• in front of the fatal door he ordered Oswald concerned, Eustace continued to smile at to turn off the macliine. The tone of the the class as he clawed at tlie black box to third order brought results. open the little door. The machine, mean-

THE B. C. TEACHER 306 while, clattered violeiUly. Finally he ripped and there—youVe ready to begin," finished aside the little door to die machine's in• Maria, smiling. nards, and, by cupping his hands quickly, Prim called the class to order again, had he was just able to catch the little pieces the lights quenched, and widi a flip of the of film which fluttered like snowflakes from switch set the movie in modon. Despite his the vibrating mechanism. dejection, a faint twinkle of delight ap• "That's a break!" punned a student just peared in his eyes as, at last, a clear betore he was banished from the room. And sequence of one of the lakes appeared on afterwards those who were nearby reported, the screen. After discrediting Alice's claim although it is beyond the wildest imagina• that the shot was taken from Penticton and tion to conceive of such a thing, that the reprimanding Oswald for making a shadow• teacher actually resorted to some rather graph of what he interpreted as rabbit's ears, Eustace launched into a running com• strong colloquialisms at this point. But he mentary of the country and the poets. did not quit. Help Comes to Prim "This was the scenery which—what was that?" Setting the class to work copying down "The bell, sir," called someone above the the titles, page numbers, writer's name, and clapping of closing books. first line of the poems in the text, he set "Oh, no! Well, so much for the Roman• to work anew. Frenetically he combed tics," sighed Prim. "Next day we'll begin the through the machinery, straightening the Victorian Poets—and, no, Alice, I did not gnawed film, but he could not discover get pictures of them. Complete your notes what was wrong. It was at this point that for next day," he called after the e.xodus. the worst happened. He turned just in time After dismantling the projector somewhat to see Maria's bright yellow frock flash in more roughly than was necessary, Eustace the doorway. Eustace turned helplessly to• approached the door which led to i^Iaria's ward her. "Ah, Miss Palpitalli, you're the classroom. Pie ran over his lines briefly then embodiment of . . . er . . . the picture of strode through die doorway and ap• Spring," he gushed. proached her desk. "Why, Mr. Prim, you seem to be having "Miss Palpitalli, you didn't really have some difficulty vwth the projector." an opportunity to see the films I was show• Eustace turned too late to see who said, ing of my trip to Europe. I thought you "Hah!" "Well, as a matter of fact, this pro• might like to come to my home on Fri• jector does seem to have a few quirks day ..." which I can't put my finger on," he said, "Oh, that's very kind of you, Mr. Prim," cutting off any comments with a panoramic soothed Maria, "but J saw that film at Mr. glare. "I do wish maintenance would keep Grimsby's just last night." them in order." "You wha ... I" gasped Prim, knotting "Perhaps I can be of some assistance," spontaneously. Then in constrained tones he suggested Maria, "with the machine." added hastily, "I see. Perhaps some other "That's very kind of you but I don't. . . " evening." interposed Prim with an overtone of mas• Allegro he was down die hall to the office, culine superiority. had dialed a number on the telephone, and "Why, of course, there's your trouble- was waiting anxiously for an answer. "That see," said Maria pointing to where the film plotting unprincipled physics . . . Hello . . . looped in behind the lens. "You're flat on is that the Laugh a Minute Novelty Shop your top and you've got too much in your . . . Good . . . My name is Prim, Eustace middle. The result, of course, is sag at your Prim . . . yes i. . . I want to order one of bottom. No wonder you got flutter." those film.s we rented for the men's stag Prim blushed and straightened uncon• . . . that's it .. now on die leader I want you to put the tide 'Physics, the Law of sciously. Reaction'... yes, that's it," chortled Eustace "Now.we'U just balance the ,'oops, tighten gleefully as his imagination clicke

397 MAY-JUNE. 1958 TT'OR years people elosely connected widi education have been increasingly alarmed about the magnitude of the task which we have set ourselves in Canada— to provide the maximum formal edueation at public expense for every man's child. Perhaps those with mort reason to be The alarmed at the growing crisis have been the teachers and professors who face their classes every day and know to what extent the time and talents of students and in• Canadian structors are being wasted or used to best advantage, despite the rising costs of edu• cation. Never in the history of our country have so many boys and girls been kept in Conference school and university so long at such great expense as now. Never have teachers and professors been in such short supply. Never have dieir tasks been so heavy. Never has the supply of well prepared professional, on industrial, and technological workers been so far short of the needs of our society. No matter how critical the problem, in a democratic nation the solution must await Education the awakening of public opinion and only through the time-consuming democratic process can action be effected. Despite the two previous conferences, one on technically-trained manpower held at St. Andrews, N.B., in September, 1955, and the Ottawa Conference on The Crisis Ni LLIE E. COTTINGHAM in High Education in November, 1956, the Canadian public was still reluctant to be• lieve that schools and universities are about to be swamped, that too many loafers are hampering the work of tlie secondary schools while too many bright students are financially unable to complete their educa• tion. The Canadian Teacheis' Federation thought that it was time for a concerted effort to get action on these problems. Plan• ning began in the final months of 1956, and 850 delegates from all walks of life nineteen national organizations agreui to from all parts of Canada met in a four-sponsor the Canadian Conference on Edu• day conference in a cooperative effortcatio n to be held in Ottawa. Thus it was to solve some of the problems whichtha t the Canadian Manufacturers' Associa• confront Canadian education. tion, the Chambers of Commerce, the Cana- diar? Labor Congress, the Canadian Federa• tion of Agriculture, found common ground with organizations of teachers, trustees and parents and with societies engaged in wel- fai-e or training activities.

398 THE B. C. TEACHER The mimber of delegates attending grew —Quantity and Quality. At tiie final plenary from 350 in the planning stages to 850 at ses.sion on Thursday recommendations from opening of the conference. The distribution the workshop discussions were considered was interesting. Eight percent were dele• by the entire conference, and the brilliant gates at large and conference personnel, Sir Ronald Gould gave an appraisal of the three percent came from government entire proceedings. departments, eight percent represented A fund of $50,000, supplied by the spon• press, publicity, G.H.C. and National Film soring organizations, financed the planning Board, twenty-one percent were teachers sessions and the physical arrangements. and professors, thirty-three percent were Each sponsoring organization jiaid the from associations and .service clubs not registration fees and expenses of its own representing taxpayers, nineteen percent delegates. Organization and direction of the were from professional and business asso• smooth-functioning public relations machi• ciations representing taxpayers, eight per• nery was the responsibility of the Imperial cent were school trustees. These delegates Oil Company, whose George Lawrence was from organizations which speak for two in charge. million Canadians in four days listened to 74 major addresses and numerous group Sputnik Spurs Us On discussions, 0-r?ly a miracle of planning got This conference was planned long before them through the conference. A special staff U.S.S.R. launched its Sputniks into outer kept public relations smooth. A duplicating space, but these evidences of scientific room poured out printed texts of speeches. achievement on the part of our northern In the press room a few doors away, thirty neighbor increased the significance of this reporters and newsmen, as well as people national discussion on the problems of from three Ottawa papers, culled news education in Canada, where our strange from millions of words. At least one Van• scale of values causes us to sp,?nd twice as couver paper sent its Educational Editor, much on liquor and tobacco as we do on but when the thirty delegates from B.C. formal education and almost four times as returned they found that current rei)orts much on defense. in this province had been woefully thin. Dr. Wilder Penfield, distinguished brain At least one hundred French-speaking specialist and Director of the Conference, Canadians participated and many speeches gave the keynote address. "Dissatisfaction were given in two languages, emphasizing, with the support of education and the per• especially for us from tlie West, what we formance of educationists has led to this are inclined to disregard, that our nation is meeting," he said, "and the educationists have it in their power to mould our future." bi-cultural and almost one-third of our Dr. Penfield had visited U.S.S.R. two years population is French-speaking. ago. There he found the prestige and the Program of the Conference level of pay for teachers and professors con• The conference opened Sunday evening siderably higher comparatively than they with an address of welcome from the are in Canada. Russia had a better system Mayor of Ottawa and greetings from of scholarships for its able students and its Roman Catholic, Protestant and Jewish training of prospective teaehers and univer• clergy, each speaking in two languages. sity professors was far more rigid and exact• Monday was devoted to two plenary ses• ing. However, he suspected that in Russia sions and a dinner. For the next two days students specialize too early without being members were in "workshops" to discuss grounded in the humanities. eight topics: Buildings and Equipment, "The specialist who has a broader educa• Education for Leisure, Financing Educa• tional basis leads a better life." At the same tion, Higher Education (of v/hich Dr. N. A. time Dr. Penfield felt that more emphasis M. MacKenzie was chairman), Organization should be put on trade schools and tech• and Curricula, Role of the Home in Educa• nical colleges in Canada. tion, Special Needs in Education, Teachers Continued on page 407

399 MAY-JUNE. 19S8 August Workshop combines vacation loith education.

Our Annual Worksliop

E urge all local associations to name 2. Philo.sophy of Edueation, with the re• Wdelegates to the Ninth Annnal B.C.T.F. source person being either Howard Mc• Workshop to be held at Notre Dai.uj Col• Allister, Chairman of the B.C.T.F Philos• lege in Nelson, August 24 to 30 inclusive. ophy of Education or Mrs. Loriil Hanney, Incoming officers will find this program committee member. particularly valuable. 3. Efficacy of Fall Conventions, with Bert What is the B.C.T.F. Workshop? It is a Curtis of North Vancouver as resource per• week's program of group discussions inter• son. spersed with addresses and panel discus• 4. Public Relations, widi resource person sions aimed at acquainting the delegates Chuck Bayley, Director of Publications, with some of the major areas of education Vancouver School Board. with which we should be concerned this Special speakers will be Dr. J. F. K. year. It is an opportunity to talk over in English of the Department of Education, "bull session" style many educational prob• Dr. M. H. Scargill of the University of lems and interests shared by teachers. It Alberta and Mrs. Lois Haggen, M.L.A. is a way of spending a very enjoyable week Officials of the Consolidated Mining & participating with fellow teachers in many Smelting Co. will join with a sehool prin- social activities planned by the Workshop ciiJal to consider whether or not our curri• Social Committee. It is an opportimity to culum is keeping up with lechnological visit the beautiful West Kootenay area and advances. partake of the hospitality of our fellow "Free time" will be spent in touring the teachers there. It is an opportimity "to CM. and S. plant at Trail, in swimming drink at the fountain," to know the issues, in the lovely Kootenay Lake, in boating, to become informed, and to provide leader• in fishing, in playing golf, in taking one ship with respected vigor. of the many pleasant drives in the Nelson While attendance is mainly for local area and in just plain loafing. association delegates, we shall have room for individual teachers interested in spend• Accommodation will be the best yet. ing an enjoyable and profitable week in The t\vo-year okl dormitory of Notre Dame most pleasant surroundings. If you are in• College with its many conveniences will terested write to Stan Evans at the B.C.T.F". house delegates "living in" while the main oflSce. Delegates to past workshops have building will be workshop headquarters. always wished to go again and we always For those delegates wishing to take their have a fair number of repeaters. families, there is plenty of suitable motel The group discussion topics are: accommodation at rates about $8.50 per day. I. B.C.T.F. Objectives and Activities, with Past President Joe Phillipson as re• The cost of room and board at the dorm source person. is $45 for the week.

400 THE B. C. TEACHEH m A Home for Every Teacher

The Multi-Teachcragc provides attractive and comfortablble •homes .

RITA MacCOSHAM

Howe Sound School Board's complete housing program has a holding power on teachers.

cost of an adequate province-wide build• TT IS no secret that teacliers have heen ing program was far beyond the Federa• hard to get and hard to hold, especially tion's means. Besides which, the headaches in country districts. School boards offer oE being an absentee landlord made the in• many inducements: bonuses for isolation, vestment impractical and well-nigh impos• high minima, short increment plans, Sum• sible. The Howe Sound trustees recognized mer School pay, but some pay attention to the biggest problem of all in rural areas —housiug. Accommodation is often too The greatest deterrent to getting high-priced or poor in quality. Many teachers to go into and to stay in rural teachers have had to live in converted areas is the lack of suitable accommoda• woodsheds or crowded attics with ill- tion. Many school boards have recog• assorted cast-off furnishings. Others have nized this problem and have made been reluctantly accepted as "boarders" or commendable efforts partially to meet had to live in hotels. the problem by building teacherages. The most complete project undertaken Many school boards have given some in B.C. is that of the progressive Howe consideration to this problem but the Board Sound School Board. Comfortable, at• in Howe Sound District No. 48, forty miles tractive duplexes in each of the six two- out of Vancouver in a fast-growing area, room school areas meet the need there. has taken tlie initiative and is now com• In Squamish an $86,000 apartment block pleting a major housing program which pro• contains four family units and eight vides smart, modern homes for 35 of its 50 single units.Thirty-five of the district's 50 teaehers at prices that do not frighten teachers are happily housed in accom• teachers away. This is the first district in modation owned by the School Board. British Columbia to undertake a complete housing program in keeping with its school- We congratulate the Howe Sound building program. The B.C.T.F. built a trustees on their initiative in meeting , duplex some years ago but the tremendous their teacher-housing problem.

MAY-JUNE, 19S8 There are now si.\ new duplexes, one al- laelied to each two-room cltiiuMilary school, each built ami allraetively furnished at an approximate eosl of •'!>17,()()(). The Iwelvt;-

suite apartmen' block cost f?lo,{)(W and was

funiislied for au extra $lf,()()(). T\\i.\ funiislt- iiigs, planned l)y an interior deconilor, in• clude an electric stove, I'ritlge, living room suite, drapes and lamps, antl so on. Each The kitchens in Ihe nnilti-teachcrnge are very unit of the duplexes has a liviug-rnom, kit• nice to «orl4 in. chen, bath, and two liedrooms and is de• signed lo accommodate a small family. Four lioiising as a local matter whicli could best suites in the Mulli-Teacherage are also be handled locally. family units. The remaining eight suites are With the encouragement of Inspector T. for single teachers and have a living-room, G. Carter, the Board embarked tipon its kitchen and bath. ambitious building program some two years ago and now has furnished, modern homes attached to most of the smaller schools in the district besides a twelve-suite Multi- Teacherage located at Sqtiamish where a large high school caters to Sciuamish, Brit• annia, Brackendale and the surrounding area. There was a real need for housing in this area. The mtm with a family had to come prepared to build or pay boom-rents. Few families were willing to accept "boarders." A center for logging and mining, the dis• trict began humming with construction The duplex teacherages have two-bedroom suites. men when the B.C. Electric launched its Cheakamus Dam project and the Provincial Rentals range from .$35 for the single Govermuent brought in work crews for the suites to $57 for die large suites and in• P.G.E. extension and for the highway. Then clude fuel, electricity, and water. In the Premier Bennett announced a great new duplexes fuel only is included. The cost to industrial expansion for Squamish and the teachers breaks down at soiriething like $5 price of building lots and rentals rocketed per room plus the cost of heating and ser• into the orbit of Sputnik. vices (the School Board looks after main• Squamish and the whole Howe Sound tenance and heating). The District is thus area (with the exception of the company iible to cover its cost of operation plus half town of Britannia) needed teacher housing the amortization payments on its invest• badly. ment. Howe Sound School Board has pioneered A corner ot one living room shows the stairs a plan to make teaching in rural areas up to the .second storey. almost as attractive as teaching in the lar• ger cities. Is this the answer to teacher- turnover? It is at least a tremendous step forward. Teachers are people. They want to be paid a respectable wage, but they also want to live graciously without living beyond their means.

THE B. C. TEACHER Summary of Salary Scales June, 1958

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Modern Mathematics demands that Secondarij School Math Teachers be Re-educated. Does the B.C.T.F. have a responsibilitti for this re-education?

The Re-education of Secondary Mathematics Teachers

HARRY L. STEIN

NE cannot hirn today to the literature some permutations and combinations. Until O on the teaching of mathematics in two years ago, it is unlikely that much secondary schools without the feeling that emphasis was placed upon such modem there are rumblings—nay, even tremors- topics as truth tables, Boolean algebra, the which give notice of impending upheavals theory of sets, vectors and matrices. In the in the content and methodology of our high second year his course was very likely an school mathematics program. It is difficult introduction to differential and integral cal• to say whether or not this means that many culus with the traditional applications to of our traditional topics will be replaced maxima and minima, areas, and finite and by so-called "modem matliematics" in infinite series. The third and fourth year revolutionary fashion, or whether or not courses likely consisted of further topics in there will be a gradual introduction of algebra and geometry with the possible modem mathematical symbolism through addition of differential equations and some the medium of some of the traditional advanced calculus. topics. However, this we do know—the This fine background has made the high structure, form, and content of college school mathematics teacher awaie of what mathematics is changing rapidly. (3ur high was in store for tliose of his students who school graduates of the past two years have were destined to enter university. He knew encountered a vastly different first year what would be required of them and he program at university from that of their knew, therefore, how to prepare them. He predecessors. This program is reputed to realized the need for accuracy in algebraic be only a modest introduction of some of manipulation; for an understanding of a the newer topics of modem mathematics. few of the basic theoreins of Euclidian What will be the situation when the geometry, and for developing the ability to changes become more radical? solve certain type problems involving The well-trained high school mathe• matics teacher of today, or possibly yester• At the Editor's invitation Dr. Harry L. day, has probably had three or four years Stein discusses some of the aspects of of undergraduate mathematics which "em• "Modem Mathematics" and indicates the phasized rather heavily the branch of mathematics commonly knovra as analysis." necessity for teachers of secondary His first year work consisted of the usual school mathematics to become conver• topics, quadratics, arithmetic and geo• sant with these. metric series, the elements of trigonometry, Dr. Stein is supervisor of Graduate elementary analytical geometry up to the Studies, College of Education, Univer• conies, the binomial theorem and possibly sity of B.C.

MAY-JUNB. 1988 simple, simultaneous linear, and quadratic 8. Euclidian geometry will take a back equations. He also knew that his students seat. There will be geometry of three di• would have need of a knowledge of Carte• mensions. sian coordinates, and he knew how to drill 9. Statistical reasoning will become a them in the plotting of certain lines and part of many phases of math instmction. curves. All of this was very fine, except for 10. The historical development of mathe• one thing. Such a high school mathematics matics will be given greater attention." teacher did not realize that serious change in the college program would be forth• In a litde pamphlet issued by the Com• coming, and it is extremely unlikely that he mission on Mathematics of the College En• kept himself up-to-date with the changes trance Examination Board, titled "Modem that are actually taking place, not only in Mathematics and its xjlace in the secondary college mathematics, but also in liigh school school," Albert J. VIeder says: mathematics. "Modem mathematics is both a point of view and new subject matter . . . The new Mathematics of. the Future point of view is attained by looking at the Arcording to Howard F. Fehr, President content of elementary mathematics in the of the National Council of Teachers of light of the new subject matter. Mathematics and a i^rofessor at Teachers "It should be noted at once that there is College, Columbia, no sharp dividing line between 'traditional' "A decade from now, when high school mathematics and 'modern' mathematics. mathematics takes on modem attire, it will The development of mathematics has been look like this: continuous; the newer ideas have grown 1. Tlie artificial separation of algebra, out of the older; and many teachers have geometry, and analysis will be eliminated. been presenting traditional content from a 2. Solid geometry as a separate course point of view accurately described as will disappear from the curriculum. modern. 3. The logaritlimic solution of triangles "A very simple example will suffice. Many will be dispensed with. a first year algebra student has been told, 4. Trigonometry will become an integral ai

THE B. C. TEACHER 404 new vocabulary when there will be time mathematics in British Columbia high- enough at the college level for him to ac• schools is to keep pace with progress that quire these terms. This, however, appears is being made elsewhere, British Colmnbia only to be begging the question. As Robert high school mathematics teaching will have K. Rourke points out in "The Mathematics to keep pace also. This objective can be Teacher" (February, 1958) there are five accomplished in two ways, by means of good, sound reasons for using certain ideas in-service re-education and by means of of modem mathematics in building a high pre - service education of mathematics school curriculum. teachers. "1. To clarify. We have a lot of fuzz in The Commission on Mathematics of the our texts and in our teaching. At many Ccllege Entrance Examination Boiird has points, modem thinking can help us to recently (September, 1957) issued a pam• shaqjen the ideas and bring them into phlet urging that immediate attention be better fonns. given to the' problem of the re-education 2. To simplify. We need to delete many of teachers of high school mathemaHcs. useless and vague tenns. Modem notions "The Commission has pointed out tliat can help us trim off a lot of the fat. neither its recommendations nor those of 3. To unify. We have long talked about any other group ca;- be accepted, acted the need for integration and integrating upon, and implcmcnxed except by tin- concepts. Where can we find a better inte• efforts of teachers of mathematics through• grator than the concept of a set? Sets give out the coimtry. Only if teachers find these a new unity to the study of equations, recommendations worthy of favorable con• inequalities, functions, sample spaces, and sideration, wholeheartedly accept them iis so forth. having at least a probable validity, and 4. To broaden old ideas. We can gain undertake to implement them in their and give new insights into many topics, classrooms, can the program of the Com• such as, for example, graphs and loci, thus mission be changed from a paper formula• developing new interest and enthusiasm. tion to a practical reality." 5. To introduce important new ideas. A Background Material Needed great portion of the modem vocabulary and many modern concepts are quite with• The Commission points out further that in the range of abilities of high school stii• only those who have begun dieir teaching dents. Often these notions are easier than careers recently have had an opportunity traditional materials. Here is an opportun• to take modem college courses, and even ity to help our shidents prepare for college many of these had high school training of more effectively." a more traditional character. The result is that in their own high school teaching they The v/riter of the above quotation goes often revert to teaching what was taught on io give further examples of the impli• to them when they were in high school. cations of twentieth century mathematics for high schools and tlie readers of this "What is contemporary mathematics? article may get a good deal of enlighten• Where can we leam it? How can we use ment and enjoyment from reading the it?" These are questions asked by many entire arlicle. mathematics teachers. The Commission It v/ould be possible to abstract from suggests a few answers. The writer will the literature a great many more quotations add to these suggestions. to ilhi'slTate the need for our mathematics One of the obvious answers is, of course, teachors to alert themselves to the changes summer courses offered by the Mathematics that are taking place. Obviously, our De• Department of the University. The standard partment of Education, whose resix)nsibil- advanced courses offered by most depart• ity it is to consider curriculum changes, ments are likely to be unsuitable to many would be loathe to initiate any extensive teachers simply because whatever prere• revision of the high school courses if tliey quisites they mAy have had will have suf• ' felt that the teachers were unable to cope fered from desuetude. Education courses, with the courses themselves. However, if in methodology, mi.xed vnth some of the

MAY-JUNE. 19S8 AOS newer content are likewise probably un• provement. Even the careful reading of suitable because at this point what the such texts as Allendoefer and Oakley's Prin• teachers need is not methodology but sub• ciples of Mathematics, (McGraw-Hill); ject matter. A co-operative effort on the Kemeny, Snell, and Thompsons's Introduc• part of Education Departments and Mathe• tion to Finite Mathematics, (Prentice Hall) matics Departments is necessary to set up will be extremely helpful. Teachers can ob• tain from the University of Illinois, Com• appropriate courses to meet the need. As the mittee on School Mathematics, the teachers' Commission points out, "co-operation will editions of the new "first course." It makes often bring about more effective recruit• fascinating reading. The 1957 Yearbook of ment of participants, improved communica• the National Council of Teachers of Mathe• tion between departments concemed, and matics contains a series of monographs on increased understanding of their mutual modem mathematics \vritten especially for responsibility for the improvement of secondary school teachers. The periodicals, secondary school instruction." In this re• "The Mathematics Teacher," "Sehool gard, the University of British Columbia Science and Mathematics," and "The Amer• has already made a beginning by bringing ican Mathematical Monthly" are excellent to the summer session Professor Polya of sources, not only of subject matter, but of Stanford University, an outstanding author• research and experimentation, curriculum ity in the field.^t o give a course which wll developments, critical articles, and answers be at least introductory to the lines we to questions regarding modem mathematics have been considering. in the high school classroom. The first two To Solve the Problem periodicals mentioned should be in every However, sununer courses alone will only high school hbrary. scratch the surface of the problem that It was mentioned earlier that a second needs to be solved. Smnmer courses, parti• approach to the problem might be through cularly for those who have spent many pre-service education of mathematics summers at university can be very burden• teachers. The University Department of some. Teachers, too, need vacations. Con- Mathematics is giving serious consideration sequendy a number of other suggestions to this problem and we may be certain that are set forth to cope, partially at least, with a program of special .training for potential the need. mathematics teachers will be developed in 1. Local workshops might be organized the very near future. by the B.C.T.F., with the assistance of One final question should be po.^ed. If University staff. Mutual self-enlightenment the thoughts expressed in this article are can go a long way towards helping teachers to bear fruit, from whom should leadership to become aware of what is new in the in this regard be expected? Should leader• field. . siiip come from the University and its 2. Local seminars could be conducted College of Education? from the Department on a few successive weekends. The Mathe• of Education? from the Teachers' Federa• matics Departinent of the University will tion? from the rank and file of madiematics willingly co-operate vidth small groups of teachers? or from the public we serve? The teachers anxious to embark on such a pro• writer, personally, does not know the an• gram. , - swer. But of this he is sure: if the teachers 3. The orgaaization of a local branch of of high school mathematics in the province the National Council of Teachers of Mathe• of British Columbia have the appropriate matics would be a motivating step. Inviting degree of professional consciousness and competent mathematicians to participate the intellectual acumen to accompany it, in discussion would stimulate interest. it will not be long before a demand for the 4. Talks to high school classes and even modernization of the high school program parent-teacher groups might be undertaken will be faced by the appropriate authorities, by appropriate University personnel. and help in achieving this desirable goal 5. Independent study cannot be over• forthcoming from the Universi^. looked as an excellent means of self-im-

-) THE B. C. TEACHER 406

V salaries to attract and hold the best in The Canadian Conference teaching. In U.S.S.R. university xjrofessors Continued from page 399 are paid up to $50,000 (in U.S. dollars). He set the whole problem squarely be• The teaching profession must win for itself fore the delegates when he said: the prestige it has never had, but teachers "Looking to the future we face two possi• cannot be expected to do everything. When bilities; the ending of this civilization such will parents become concerned about the as it is, or its final flowering and fulfillment quality of their children's education? in greater progress. Education is our only Teaching should be richer metaphysically hope, our challenge in the peaceful compe• with cross-references between subjects. It tition of tlie future. But, if war should is easier to find someone to teach a special• come, our wits might well save us. We ized course narrowly than to find a well would be well advised to spend on the educated person to teach the basic subjects cultivation of those wits a sum comparable with imagination. with what we are spending on explosive Education in Other Lands defense." Especially in tlie field of higher Mr. Alexei Tovstogan, Second Secretary, education. Dr. Penfield felt that financial Embassy of the U.S.S.R., Ottawa, speaking support must be doubled, but that support for his country, recounted a proud record must leave these institutions complete free• of achievement during the 41 years since dom of development. Responsibility for the revolution. In 1917, 95 percent of Rus• support of teaching at all educational levels sia's population was illiterate and many rests with the provinces, but industry, labor ethnic groups had no viritten language. and the federal government could provide Today 50,000,000 in a total population of scholarships. 220,000,000 are being educated in 59 lan• American and Canadian Education guages. Almost one-fifth of the normal uni• At that same session representatives of versity age group 18-25 years are in Soviet four nations, on a panel entitled The Pur• universities. (In Canada the fraction is less pose of Education, described the goals for than one tenth.) The prestige of the teach• public education in their countries and the ing profession and of intellectual accom• systems through which those goals are plishment is symbolized by the immense 32- being achieved. Dr. Wm. Carr, Executive storey building which is the University of Secretary of the National Education Asso• Moscow. It stands out above all others as ciation, told us that up to the present the one approaches the city from any direction. educational system of the United States Sir Ronald Gould, Secretary of the had been concemed with quantity and with National Union of Teachers of England the diversity of the vast armies of students and Wales and President of the World Con• who must be accpiptimodated in the public federation of Organizations of the Teaching schools. The tendency has been to adjust Profession, pointed out that it is useless to the program to the learner and to be con• discuss education without determining cerned mainly with getting pupils into what it is for. "The aims and purposes of school. Now the Americans are beginning education arii a favorite subject for those to be concerned with quality and with what on the fringe of education who know noth• the students will get out of school. ing about the real problems. They quickly Speaking for Canada, Dr. A. W. Trueman, become airborne and soar into the strato• Director of the Canada Council and former• sphere, flying about like unguided missiles." ly president of University of New Bruns• The motto of his own school had been wick, confined his comments to the needs (translated from Latin) "Learn or Leave!" of higher education. His remark—"There is "Translated into American slang, this would nothing much wrong with Canadian educa• say: "Pep without Purpose is Piffle!" tion that a great deal of money will not put We must know our purpose in education. right''—was given wide publicity. The purpose determines content, methods, ), He stressed the need for adequate buildings, relations between education and

407 MAY .JUNE. 19S8 business, etc. The aims of education reveal To him it is incredible that a generally the innermost philosophy of a nation. satisfactory solution of the grants question, "Man lives in three overlapping worlds, within the framework cf the B.N.A. Act, a material world of commerce, agriculture has not been adopted. Another solution be• and industry, a social world (which the sides that of divorcing research from educa• Greeks would have called the political tion could be requiring large corporations world), and a spiritual world. to make tax-d(iductiblfc ])ayinents to a cen• "The child must be prepared to live satis• tral agency, these to be distributed among factorily in all three. No school alone can provinces on i basis of population for uni• attain this tremendous goal. Newspapers, versities. His rrasoning was that the pro• magazines, clubs, radio, churches, industry fessions and bnit'ness had a natural obliga• and above all, the homes have their part tion to assist ;-3(iacation by providing its to play. tools ancl sup^wyiiig teachers. How else can their own needs 5or trained personnel be "Democracy without education is hypoc• met? risy without limitation." Dr. Marcel Faribault, formerly Secretary- Dr. Faribault found two other disson• General of the University of Montreal, and ances in Canada's educational symphony. now General Manager of the General Trust Indians had to wait until February, 1958, to of Canada addressed the plenary session on get their first official scholarships to univer• the topic. Education is many things. He sity. Are we doing for them our whole oudined the gradual acquisition of moral family duty? virtues through the family, the school, the Radio and television still do not play an professions, society and teacher instruction. adecjuate role in education in this vast and The greatest prerequisite of the student dispersed nation. Locally-operated stations is the capacity to wonder and everyone is he felt shoukl be dedicated to the single an educator as well as a student. purpose of education at all levels in a land Voicing the point of view of his com• where, and at a time when, winters are patriots in Quebec, he said: "Federal grants long, poiiulation is scattered, teachers are in in support of universities, whatever their critically short supply and school building form, have created in some parts of Canada costs are high. a festering wound which is enlarging year • • • • by year and is highly detrimental to the In this article Miss Cottingham, B.C.T.F. unity of the nation." He feels that federal President, reports on Conference High• financial support and the control over uni• lights of the First Canadian Conference on versities which must accompany that sup• Education. port is justified only in the field of scientific Reports by the other B.C.T.F. delegates research where the welfare of the whole in the fall issues will cover discussions on nation is concerned. the various commissions. Research, he states, is no part of educa• Thirty-one resolutions were approved by tion but if there is any specific character to the delegates. These will appear' in the a university it is that of education. The tvvo September issue of the magazine. ought to be divorced. There Are Four Defects

A MONG learners there are four defects teacher knows the character of his mind, he with which the teacher must make him• can save the leamerMrom the defect to self acquainted. Some err in the multitude which he is liable. Teaching should be of their studies; some, in their fewness; directed to develop that in which the pupil some, in the feeling of ease witli which they excels, and correct the defects to which he proceed; and some, in the readiness with is prone. CONFUCIUS which they stop. "ITiese four defects arise from the diflFerence of their minds. When a in Record on tlie Subject of Education.

THE B. C. TEACHER

4 Conference on Education, I travelled to The President's Busy YearOttaw a in June and October, 1957. Widi Continued from page 391 your Immediate Past President, two Vice- Presidents and General Secretary I attended In fulfilling the second major aspect of all sessions of this conference in Febmary, my service to you, namely, leadership in 1958. I was vice-chairman of the Conimi.s- representing our Federation to odier sion for which I had helped to plan the organizations and to the public, I have program. By dint of travelling the long travelled several times across this continent. way home, I was able to visit officials in I have been taped for radio broadcasts and the Departments of Education and Youth have faced the TV cameras. and Welfare in Quebec City to get in• fonnation on arts and crafts, vocational With the assistance of Table Officers I and technical schools in Quebec. I visited was hostess on your behalf at a buffet din• officials in the Federal Bureau of Education ner to delegates to the National Conference and in the National Education Association of Home and School and Parent-Teacher in Washington, D.C, to obtain infonnation Associations last June, and participated in on control by teacher associations of certi• x panel on Teacher Recruitment at that fication of teachers and improvement of conference. As a consequence of my being curricula in the United States. I met officials a delegate to the annual conference of the in the offices of the Califomia Teachers' Canadian Teachers' Federation, I was for Association in San Francisco to leam what a year C.T.F. representative on a National progress toward teacher control of certifi• Committee for Recruitment and Retention cation is being made in the state of Cali• of Qualified Teaehers; other members fomia. represented the Canadian Education As• In December, 1957, with Mr. Ovans, I sociation, The Canadian School Trustees' attended the Western Conference for presi• Association and the Canadian Home and dents and general secretaries of provincial School and Parent-Teacher Federation. In teaeher associations. This experience, so August, 1957, the Canadian Teachers' Fed• fmitful of ideas, I have reported to you in eration decided to withdraw from this the March issue of the magazine. Because Joint Committee. this year it is the tum of Briti.sli Columbia Activity at National Level to send the westem C.T.F. delegate to the I attended the Annual Conference of the C.E.A. Short Course on Administration, Canadian Teachers' Federation in Edmon• and because it was requested that this per• ton in August, 1957, where I chaired the son be a classroom teacher, your Executive Committee on Resolutions and worked Committee has asked me to attend this with Professor D. C. Munroe on the pre• course in Toronto during the last three sentation of the proposed constitution of weeks in May, 1958. the Canadian College of Teachers which In the Provincial Field was adopted at that conference. I have been asked to give a paper on A Centurtj Thus, I have endeavored to serve your of Education in British Columbia to the interests at the national level. What have I first meeting of the Canadian College of done on your behalf within this province? Teachers in August, 1958. In September, I am completing my sixth year as your 1957, I attended the AnnualConference of representative on the Senate of the Uni• the Canadian Education Association in versity of British Columbia, and I am a Fredericton and the Conference of the Can• member of the Senate Committee on Hon• adian School Trustees' Association. At one orary Degrees. Last summer I again worked session of the latter conference I partici• with Dean Gage in reading scholarship pated in a panel on Recruittnent of Quali• applications and making tlie choice of reci• fied Teachers. pients of B.C.T.F. awards to students in the College of Education, i As one member of the planning com• mittee for the Commission on Teachers- In the fall of 1957 our Table Officers on Quantity and Quality for the Canadian your behalf were hosts to the Faculty of

409 MAY-JUNE. 1988 tlie College of Education. During the 1957- committees, one to view and make recom• 58 term we have, with the co-operation of mendations for the improvement of the the Dean and the faculty, been able to Department's educational exhibit in the present our series of lectures on professional B.C. Building at the P.N.E., the other to education more effectively to small classes make a study of experiments with the use of students on the regular schedule. This of television for educational purposes and program was successfully organized by Mr. report on Tlie Future of Television in the Boyd; your iDresident took a number of Schools of British Columhia. These reports these lectures in Vancouver, spoke at the were prepared, presented and favorably re• Workshop dinner and addressed the student ceived. body at the Victoria branch of the College. Still More Meetings I have spoken on the Teacher Shortage, As your President, I was privileged to Teacher Recruitment, Lnprovement of sit on the floor of the House at the official Teaching to local P.-T.A. groups, and on opening of the Provincial Legislature and panels both from the platform and on the to attend the Premier's Reception. Your radio. Not infrequently the occasion turned Table Officers and the General Secretary, into a warm debate on merit pay for Mr. Ovans, presented the 1957 A.G.M. teachers. I have reported on numerous oc• resolutions to the Minister of Education casions upon the Canadian Conference on and with die Executive Assistant, Mr. Education. Spragge, presented the Federation's latest I have attended meetings of the Educa• brief on Education Finance to the Min• tion Research Committee and the Provin• ister, after B.C.S.T.A., U.B.C.M. and P.-T.F. cial Education Committee. The fonner had all either withdrawn or failed to indi• represents the Department and the College cate their desire to continue as part of the as well as ourselves. The latter represents Joint Committee on Education Finance. Trustees and Parent-Teacher Federation in With your First Vice-President and General addition. Secretary, I sat all day at the joint meeting Activity is Continuous of the Department, B.C.S.T.A. and an ob• server from the U.B.C.M. to study the draft This year the Lay Conference on Educa• of Bill 66 before it was presented to the tion, January 29, was sponsored by the Legislature. In this new Public Schools Act B.C. branch of the Canadian Labor Con• several clauses give authority for rights gress. It served in large measure to prepare which we have long sought as a profession. B.C. particii^ants and public for the Can• adian Conference on Education. With Mr. One matter of grave concern occupied Evans and Mr. Boyd I helped in the plan• our attention throughout the year. The ning, spoke at the opening and chaired a Actuary's recommendations for an increase follow-up meeting, February 8, for B.C. in pension benefits had not been imple• delegates to the Ottawa Conference. mented by legislation at the 1957 Session. With Mr. Boyd, I attended meetings of With Mr. Syd Taylor, Chairman of the the Alumni Committee on Education which B.C.T.F. Pensions Committee, with Table over some months concemed itself with Officers, with Mr. Spragge and Mr. Evans, preparing terms of reference for a possible we pressed our case on the Provincial Royal Commission on Education. I atten• Secretary, the Premier, the Cabinet, the ded a planning meeting for the annual High special Cabinet Committee on Pensions School Conference at the University toward until our efforts were justified by the Min• which our Federation makes a grant. ister's announcement on Febmary 14 in the Legislature that the desired changes would Our relations with ofBcials of the Depart• be forthcoming at this session. ment of Education have continued to be characterized by mutual respect and es• And now I come to the gravest responsi• teem. I was your representative on the bility which this year has brought. As Provincial Curriculum Advisory Board. teachers we have for some time viewed Dr. English, who presided, asked me to with alarm die growing shortage of well- undertake the chairmanship of two sub- qualified recruits to our profession, the in-

4IO THE B.C. TEACHER creasing burdens dirust upon us in oiu' purse. This was widely demonstrated in classrooms, and die resulting threat to the the press, in all but a few thoughtful edi• quality of educational service in this jirov- torials, and it was shown in the Legislature. ince. We know that unless x^restige and On March 20 I accci^tcd on your behalf remuneration are accorded our i^rofession an invitation to a joint meeting of the full in measure proportionate to the ti-aining wo elected Executives of B.C.S.T.A. and must have and the service we must give B.C.T.F. held in Victoria March 29 and 30 as teachers, we will not either recruit or under the Minister's chairmanship. Local hold the good teachers we must have. The associations diroughout die iDrovince sent future of this province depends upon the letters and telegrams offering advice and education of its youth. The finest school support. On the evening of March 28 the buildings and the most exj^ensive equip• full li.C.T.F. Executive met in our audi• ment are naught without good teachers. torium to exchange infonnation upon the While continuing to persist in the expensive temper of teacher' associations and the re• goal of keeping every man's child in school lationship with local school boaids, both in for the maximum time regardless of his areas where that relationship %vas smooth capability, desire or achievement, the pub• and where it was the reverse. We also dis• lic loudly protests the increasing cost of cussed thoroughly all issues which would personnel to undertake this mammoth task. likely arise at this meeting. It was the Tlie same public makes no protest at the concensus that die withholding of auto• increasing costs of other sei-vices or of matic membership by the Cabinet" should chrome-trimmed cars, TV sets and other not be discussed in a joint meeting with luxuries of our western civilization. trustees as this was an issue between B.C.T.F. and Government. Surely teachers have a right to expect from their employer-trustees sujiport for The Victoria Meeting their efforts to jjersuade the public of the Joint and private sessions of both Execu• worth of education. In many local areas tives continued Saturday from 10 a.m. to that is happily the case and trustees and 10:30 p.m. with recesses for meals at which teachers work together for the benefit of your Executive continued discussions. Dr. educational service. It is, on the other hand, Campbell, Dr. English, Mr. Levirs, and Mr. a dismal, discouraging prospect when Espley were also present. At 10:30 p.m. we teachers must do all the jiersuading and were still adamant in face of proposals both must even battle with local trustees to from trustees and Minister, and the latter obtain adequate remuneration for their said to me as we adjourned: "If you are services. Can teachers tolerate such condi• prepared to budge one square inch, I tions which lead to low teacher morale, should like to know where it is." dilution of teacher quality, and high turn• Your Executive adjourned to the hotel, over of staff—all to the detriment of the children who must attend schools in those where we agreed that some plan of pro• areas. cedure must come out of this meeting. By 12:30 a.m. we had worked out a submission Teachers Stand Firm for the session the following morning. Rather than see that situation spread Promptly at 9:30 a.m. we presented our throughout the province teachers this year six points. Both Execudves went into cau• have taken a strong stand. Sir Ronald cus. In the afternoon the trustees returned, Gould, the most brilliant speaker at the presented a counter-proposal which we re• Canadian Conference, remarked: "No pro• fused, then proceeded to refuse ours. Then fession worth its salt will be pushed the Minister asked me whether I had a around!" Our determination and that of further proposal. My reply: "No!" the trustees has brought us to an impasse At that point he announced: "I have a in 25 districts in this province. iroposal!" and departed, in a few moments It is easy to blame the teachers and lose le returned with his proposal, which is re• sight of the basic educational issues be• printed here. Some items were based upon cause teachers are paid from the public items in our submission of the moniing.

41t MAY-.iONE. 19S8 (The precise wording of items 8 and 9 was (9) That both organizations agree to not submitted to the joint meeting, but follow the spirit and intent of the provi• worked out later by the Minister. The sions of the new Public Schools Act in joint meeting had accepted the spirit of respect of the determination of teachers' these items.) Both Executives again went salaries: into caucus. Our decision to accept was (a) The B.C. School Tmstees' Associa• not unanimous. tion will agree to use all its influence to (1) That the opportunity' for conciliation prevent any school board from fixing, set• be given to each of the twenty-four districts ting or determining salaries without follow• now in dispute. ing in good faith the procedures of nego• (2) That two conciliators be appointed, tiation, conciliah'on and arbitration set one from each of the elected Executives forth in the new Act. of the B.C. School Trustees' Association (b) The B.C. Teachers' Federation and the B.C. Teachers' Federation. agrees that where salaries have been arriv• (3) That the conciliators so appointed ed at by negotiation, conciliation or arbi• shall endeavor to bring the local board and tration it will agree to use all its influence the local teachers' association into agree• to prevent any local association from tak• ment and for die purpose aforesaid the ing any ach'on prejudicial to the recmit- conciliators shall devote tlieir full time and ment of teachers by its board. attention. A Period of Truce (4) Conciliations shall commence forth• On your behalf your Executive have un• with and be completed as rapidly as pos• dertaken that we shall, in good faith, give sible and in any case not later than June 30. diis machinery a fair chance to work in (5) Both Executives shall use their in• a truce jperiod which tenninates June 30. fluence to prevent all publicity in regard to The limits of our undertaking go no further the school districts concemed at both pro• than these points. Our respective associa• vincial and local levels. tions have appointed Mr. A. M. Harvey (6) That a pennanent joint committee and myself to act as conciliators in the to consist of an equal number of repre• twenty-four districts. For my part and sentatives of the Executive of the B.C. yours, I tmst, it is my sincere hope that the School Trustees' Association and the Exec• local parties may reach a settlement with• utive of the B.C. Teachers' Federation be out calling upon the assistance of the con• appointed to consider matters of common ciliators. In any case, let us hope that the interest which local boards and local teach• machinery will get into motion "forthwith" ers' associations may consult before taking as the Minister states. any precipitate action. (7) That in respect of School District May I say how privileged and proud I No. 36 (Surrey) the salary award arrived was to lead that delegation of twenty-five at by arbitration shall be final and binding teachers, everyone of whom in appearance, on both parties but that a special com• manner and presentation was a professional mittee comprised of representatives of the person. It is my plci. ,../e to pass on to the B.C. School Tmstee •' Association, the B.C. delegates here the compliments of die of• Teachers* Federation, the Department of ficials of the Departinent as they were ex• Education, the Board of School Tmstees pressed to rxie that Sunday aftemoon. I of School District No. 36 (Surrey), and was grateful to Mr. Parrott who chaired the Surrey Teachers' Association examine the caucus sessions, thus relieving me of into certain other matters of concern to the considerable sh-ain and permitting me to Board and the teachers. participate in discussions. (8) That the B.C. Teachers' Federation There stands my record of the year thus agrees to insert an advertisement in British far. I thank you for the many opportunities papers advising that the B.C. Teachers' you have afforded me in this year of chal• Federation approves applications being lenge and sometinies of tumioil. I tliank made by teachers for employment in any you again for your advice and support nnd sduvol district of the province. for your tolerance of my shortcomings.

THE B. C. TEACHER 412 Refunds of Pension Payments rpHE following is a list of teachers who have not contributed to the Teachers' Pen- sions Fund for a period of two years or more. Under the provisions of the Statute an absence from active teaching service of more than two years constitutes withdrawal from the system, provided the said absence is not occasioned by Military Service or for the purpose of study at some recognized University.

If these teachers have definitely left the teaching profession, they are entitled to a refund of the amount of accumulated contributions lying to their credit in the Fund, and they should make application for a refund of same. Any information regarding the present addresses of diese teachers would be greatly appreciated, and all communi• cations should be forwarded to the Commissioner of Teachers' Pensions, Parliament Buildings, Victoria, B.C.

Irwiii, Mrs. Rebecca ^[aric .May. Gilbert Arthur Smith, Mrs. Margaret Mcintosh .Meaiiselle. Kathleen Mary .Smith, Mrs. Patricia Margaret J.ick.sori, Mrs. Geraldine .Sylvia Mcehan. Mrs. Gim Lan .Syzanne Smith, Robin Nelson James, Enid .Mills. Eithne Joan Smith, Mrs. Susan Alice Jamieson, Jean Evelyn .Soltis. Mrs. Theresa Gertrude Jefferies, Daphne Ann Nelson, Mrs. Helen Edith Spencer, Mrs. Lena Johnson, Arthur Roy Newbury, Mrs. Mary Elizabeth Sperling, Mrs. Phyllis Ruth Johnson, Kasper Marvin McLean Strum, Mrs. Gladys G. M. Jolinson, Mrs. Marjoric Ethel .N'ewman, Robert Wm. Sutherland, David Gilchrist Johnson, I^Irs. Phyllis Wensley Sutherland, Edith Marie Johnston, Howard Earl Oates, Kathleen Sutherland, Gilbert Jones, Mrs. Margaret Isabell Orr, Jean Eileen Sutherland, Mrs. Thelma Hilda Owens, Mrs. Madeline Barbara Sweet, Mrs. Marjory Hazel Kavanagh, Mrs. Veronia Frances Oxley, Mrs. Marion Mills Kehler, Peter Tait, Miss Margaret Mary Miller Kelly, Mi-s. Mary Elizabeth Gwinnett Palmer, Mrs. Audrey Olive Taylor, Mrs. Frances Jessie Kennedy, Mrs. Bella I'catt, Margaret Elizabeth Taylor, Mrs. Sonja Marryatt Kerr, Donald George Pedersen. Ingrid Hee Thompson, Annie Joyce Charlotte Kinley, Mrs. Grace Isabel Peters, Mary Thompson, Mrs. Doreen Mabel Kirkby, Mrs. Jean Hall Pidcock, .Mrs. Elizabeth Madeline Thomson, Mrs. Elta Knowles, Mrs. Florence Pion. Evelyn Edna Thomson. Jean Morton Kunody, Mrs. Molly Georgina Planidin, Mrs. Kathleen Mary Lynn Thorburn, Agnes Marie Podovelnikolf, Mrs. Marion Jeanette Tink, Jeanette Dorothy Lane, Joanne Frances Poole, Vera Madeline Trctiaic, Miss Olga Latimer. Florence Esther Powell, Stanley Horton Tunbridge, Mrs. Catherine Leaver, Nancy Preston, Mrs. Norma Joan Lenardon, Dante .Anthony Unger, Mrs. Anne Marie Lepine, Hazel Erna Quainton, Dalla June Evelyn Lewis, John Frederick Van Volkingburgh, Wilna Je.Tn Lowe, Mrs. Mavis Maude Evelyn Rabkin, Kalman Joseph Vickers, Jacqueline Anne Lundin, Esther Catherine Race, Mrs. Doris Maru: Therese Vigder, Doris Lybeck, Josephine Nellie Reith, Helen Wilma Reynard. Mrsi. Mary Jocelyn Wanderer, Mrs. Dorothy Jane McAbec, Mrs. Janet Ruth Rhone, Frank R. Wasley, Adeline i MacDiarmid, John Arnold Richards, Mrs. Bronia Pauline Weathcrbe, Mrs. Joan Esther McDonald, Mrs. Florence Reairice Riley, Mrs. Marie Emma Dorothy Webster, Mrs. Dorothy Patricia McDonald, Mary Belle Roat, Kathleen Lily Matilda Webster, Mrs. Florence Anna McDougall, Jean Ritchie Robertson,Mrs. Dorothy Evelyn Webster, James Benin McEacliern, Ailsa Evelyn RoaS, Alice Argo Welsh, Mrs. Joan Frances McElwain, Lena Mildred Riiinohr, Edward Earl White, Patricia Frances McCowan, Mrs. Dorothy Regina Rutlicrglen, Mrs. Eleanor Margaret Whittles, Mrs. Evangeline Anna Mcintosh, Donald Wilkie, Allan Harvey McKenzie, Mrs. Lilly Salting, Charles Philip Young, Mrs. Katharine Patricia Mackinnon, Alaisdair Sawatsky, Walter Voinig, Miss Velma Isobel MacLaurin, Evelyn Margaret Schroeder, Mrs. Mary Vou ngs, Mrs. Sheila Henrictte MacSavaney, Diane Gertrude Sederberg, Mrs. Beatrice Catherine Selby, Mrs. Lyiian Gertrude Zaharik, Mrs. Mileva Magusin, Betty Shiirpe, Mrs. Joan Roach Manley, Bryan Walker Shewchuk, Mary Caniphell, Jessie ; Manning, Mrs. Winifred Elsie Siler, Dorothy Viola Chapman, Arthur Armstrong Marc, Mrs. Lynda Jean Simpkins, Eva Grace Gillespie, Mrs. Elizabeth Anna Martin, Carol Marjorie Skokizuk, Emilie Jones, Mrs. Dorothy Lewis Ma.son, Mrs. Nancy Josephine Smith,Mrs. Laura Rose Sterling, Charles Hubert

MAY-JUNE. 1958 413 jor'^our injormation^-^

School of Education, University of Southern Conference of Scliool California; and Dr. G. M. Dunlop, Chair• Principals man, Division of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Albeita. CONFERENCE and workshop courses John McGechaen of the Faculty and Col• A on The Leadership Role of the Prin• lege of Education, University of British cipal, will be held July 14 and July 25 on Columbia is Director of the conference die campus of the University of British Columbia. The course has been arranged by the North York, Ontaiio British Columbia School Trustees' Associa• tion, the British Columbia Teachers' Feder• A SALARY agreement which is uccept- ation, the British Columbia Department of able to die Negotiating Committee of Education, and the Faculty and College of the North York Secondary School Teachers Education of the University of British and to the Provincial Executive of the Columbia. Dr. J. F. K. English, Assistant O.S.S.T.F. has been reached with the North Deputy Minister of Education, is chairman York Board of Education. This cancels the of the Planning Committee which consists item published on p. 350 of the April issue of representatives of each sponsoring orga• of The B.C. Teacher. nization. The aim of the course is to determine how principals may best discharge their roles as leaders in improving the educa• tional opportunities of the children of the province by (1) studying administrative and supervisory problems; (2) examining methods of administration and supervision at present being used successfully through• out the province; (3) considering practices in vogue elsewhere; and (4) enabling prin• cipals to plan and suggest improvements in their own schools and districts. for a relaxing Experienced consultants will advise each study group. These are: Mr. B. C. GilHe, Victoria; Mr. Walter Hartrick, Trail; Mr. Everett J. Irwin, Vancouver; Mr. Donald Wherever you go for your summer holi• L. Pritchard, Vancouver; and Mr. Adam days, you'll enjoy the trip there and back Robertson, Creston. all the more when you go Canadian National. Travel relaxed, arrive refresh• A daily lecture series is scheduled as well. ed... by CNR you have a wide choice The following speakers are among those of day and night accommodations to fit any travel budget. who have been invited: Mr. Franklin Aik your total Canadian National Levirs, Chief Inspector of Schools for passanger lieprBsenialive abouf special fartjs for teachers ond students British Columbia; Sir Arthur Binns, former• rolurning far ttie fall term. ly Chief Education Officer, Lancashire, England; Mr. H. M. Mason, Chief Inspector •of Schools, Nova Scotia; Dr. Earl F. Cames, NAD I AN rTAtlSNALi

THE B. C. TEACHER 414 SUMMER SEMINARS The British Columbia Teachers' Federation takes Pleasure in Announcing its Second Annual Program of Short Summer Courses being Sponsored in Co-operation with the Depart• ment of Extension, University of British Columbia.

1. A Seminar in Linguistics Time—July 4 and 5 Place—B.C.T.F. Building, Vancouver. Registration Fee—$5.00 Seminar Chairman—Mr. D. Dashwood-Jones, Vice-Principal, Inglewood Junior High School, West Vancouver, B.C. This two-day seminar will be addressed by visiting linguists of outstanding reputation. Contributions will also be made by teachers of English at both the secondary and university level. The seminar arises out of the study that has been carried on for the past two years by the Linguistics Sub-Committee relative to the teaching of English in the secondary school. The seminar is intended to acquaint secondary English teachers and principals with the findings of the Sub- Committee. Registration will be limited to sixty persons.

2, Workshop on the Teaching of Primary Arithmetic Time—July 7-18 Place—University of British Columbia Regisyi-ation Fee—$20.00 Workshop Director—Miss Kathleen Collins, Primary Supervisor, Burnaby, B.C. A two-week workshop course thflt will stress practical ideas for the improve• ment of the primary arithmetic program. The five hours of daily sessions will include lectures, demonstration c assfcs, group discussions, and the preparation of teaching-aid materials. Registration for the workshop will be limited to thirty persons.

3. Seminar on the History of British Columbia Time—July 21-26 Place—University of British Columbia This seminar which is intended to mark Centennial Year will receive addresses from outstanding authorities in the field of B.C. history and will be "open to both teachers and laymen. If you are interested in participating in any of these short, non-credit courses, please write to the Chairman, B.C.T.F. In-service Education Committee, 1815 West 7th Avenue, Vancouver 9, B.C. Applications for admission to the courses must be filed by June 20, 1958, and will be accepted in the order received.

415 MAY - JUNE. 1958 A PRIL, as every teacher knows, was the May 3, 4 cuhninating month for all the work- Mr. R. B. Cox, Second Vice-President, sat done in committees during the year. After as Federation member on the special com• the reports were considered at the Annual mittee inquiring into the Surrey situation. General Meeting, many committees re• May 3 ceived instructions for further study and Mr. Toynbee represented the Federation these began immediately. Committees at the convention of the B.C. Association of which have met in Aprd and will meet dur• Social Workers. ing the months of May and June include Mr. Cox and Mr. Ovtns attended a the following: Executive, Pensions, Public special meeting of the Surrey Teacl:ers' Relations, Supervision Practices, Workshop, Association. Convention, Salary, In-service Education, Mr. J. A. Spragge, Executive Assistant, and Acceleration and Gifted Child. attended the annual dinner of the Langley Teachers' Association in Langley. April 2, 3 May 7 Mr. Evans, Assistant General Secretary, was at Victoria College to give Education Mr. H.' N. Parrott, First Vice-President, students an opportunity to discuss employ• and Mr. Ovans attended a meeting of the ment possibilities and to check over the Joint Board of the College of Educntion. survey cards. Mr. Evans attended a meeting of the Planning Committee of the B.C. Education April 17 - May 12 Conference to evaluate the 1958 conlerence Miss Cottingham spent full time in and make plans for the conference in 1959. various parts of the province as the Federa• May 13 tion member of the conciliation team. Mr. Boyd, Past President, assumed the April 21 duties of conciliator as Miss Cottingham prepared to leave for Toronto. Mr. W. M. Toynbee, Secretarj'-Treasurer, spoke to the Maple Ridge Teacher.s' Asso• May 14 ciation on In-service Education. Mr. Evans attended the annual confer• April 28 ence of the B.C. Adult Education Asso• ciation. / Mr. Ovans, General Secretary, was in Kelowna for a meeting with the teachers May 15-30 there. Miss Cottingham was in Toronto as representative of the four western provinces April 30 at the C.E.A. Course in Educational Mr. Ovans was a member of a panel dis• Leadership. cussing the problems of the teen-ager who May 16 cannot fit into the academic school at a Mr. Evans went to Tahsis to meet the meeting of the Kensington School P.-T.A. teachers in that area and to attend a one- in Burnaby. , day institute. April 30, May 1, 2 May 22-24 Mr. Evans attended the 7th Annual In• The Federation was represented at the stitute of the B.C. Corrections Association Western Conference of Teacher Educators, as a panel member and group discussion held in Banff, by Mr. Parrott and Mr. leader. Ovans.

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MAY - JUNE. 1958 417 The Research Division of the Canadian Teachers' Federation considers Canadian spending habits So Little for Education

J. DOUGLAS AYERS and GERALDINE CHANNON

TN i'J'57 it is estimated that the people of was $60. This is contrasted with a per ••- Canada spent about $1 billion for all capita expenditure of $89 for liquor and education—public, elementary and second• tobacco and a per capita expenditure of ary, higher education, private, etc. This $1 $120 for the purchase and operation of cars. billion amounted to about $1 in S31 of our In otiier words, we spend twice as much on national wealth, or 3.2 percent of it. cars as on educating all our children. I'he three levels of government, federal, For public, elementary and secondary provincial, and municipal combined, spent education, we spent $776 million of more for social welfare and transportation which only 58 percent went to instructional and communications (primarily roads) and salaries. Teachers' salaries in Canada ave• twice as much for defence as they did for raged only $3,150 in 1957. A great deal of education. Does anyone think we spend too money goes to other services and operation much fo'- highways—a rapidly deteriorating and maintenance, but in recent years we asset coripared with the education acquired have been spending more and more for by oiu: children? school plant. No one would deny that expenditure for In 1955 we constructed and equipped education has been increasing by leaps and elementary and secondary schools worth bounds. In fact it has been increasing faster $189 million. At present costs, we can ex• than our wealth. However, the proportion pect to spend no less than this amount for of school children to the producers of oin: years to come as enrolment will increase wealth, the labor force, has been increas• by 160,000 pupils or more a year. ing. In 1946 there were 474 students for Increasing enrolment will necessitate in• every 1,000 in the labor force; in 1957 there creased operating expenditure too. It is were 619 students for every 1,000. There• estimated that by 1960 we will be spending fore, we must expect to contribute a greater more than $1,040 million for elementary share of our earnings to education. and secondary education, $230 million for In 1957 we spent $988.9 million for all liigher education, and $72 million for other education. This amount is equivalent to education for a total bill of $1,342 million. $164 per member of tlie labor force or 66 But even this amount will require our cents for each working day (250 working spending only 3.5 percent of our national days in the year). Per capita expenditure wealth.

For Reflection

A LL learning is a voyage of discovery into A LL who have meditated on tlie art of the unknovra, which must be under- governing mankind have been con- taken in the faith that knowledge is good vinced that tlie fate of empires depends on for its own sake and ignorance evil. the education of youth. ••' T. E. A. VERrrY BENJAMIN FRANKLIN in On Becoming a Teacher. in Poor Richard.

418 THE B. C. TEACHER Across the hsh- Accommodation for Men which offers a comprehensive solution to a coniple.v problem, is surely a document of 4738 West 6t]i Ave., some significance and one which is worthy Vancouver 8, B.C. of more than tlie three sentences with which March 31, 1958 the reviewer dismisses the purpose of d^.e Dear CharHe: pamphlet. The program devised by Mr. During the past year I have become in• Dashwood-Jones is one which deserves a volved in the operation of a new fraternity careful and thoughtful appraisal which is house on tlie campus, and am currendy largely missing in these reviews. trying to find suitable tenants for the Tho splitting of the appraisal of the pro• summer months. gram outlined in the pamphlet among four It occurred to me that some of the teach• reviewers is the second factor contributing ers who will be coming to summer session to the unsatisfactorj' nature of the general in July and August might very well find our review of the program. That criticism which quarters bodi convenient and attractive. is offered seems to lack scope and insight. We have a very capable house motiier and We are told in criticism of the whole affair excellent cook, and can provide either room that there is a spelling mistake on page 17. only, or both room and board for up to 20 And in nuining full tilt at Mr. I. A. Richards men. and Cambridge University, the reviewer I'm writing you with the thought that has surely chosen a windmill which even you might wish to bring this facility to the the; redoubtable Don Qui.vote would have attention of those of your members who left unmolested. will be seeking quarters during the summer. I think I can safely say they will not be If teachers are to avoid increasingly re• able to find as attractive quarters, at the pressive direction from outside sources or: price we are willing to consider, anywhere matters concerning their activities in the else in the city. classroom, they must accept the responsi• bility of self-direction. The pamphlet in Yours very truly, question represents a significent step to• R. M. BiDBS wards such self-direction in an important field. It is therefore regrettable that its ad• Disappointed Reader vent was not greeted by more signs of ap• 3990 Marguerite Street, preciation and critical evaluation in The Vancouver 9, B.C. B.C. Teacher. March 23, 1958. j;\ Yours truly, Dear Mr. Evans, BABR GREENFIELD. I was greatly disappointed with the re• views which appeiired in the March issue of The B.C. Teacher of Pamphlet No. 1 of The B.C. Civil Service the B.C. Teachers' Federation, entided requires Leaders Guide for a Reading Course in the Teaching of trose. My disappointment TEACHERS stems from t^vo sources. Girls Industrial School—Burnaby First, the reviews do not seem to appreci• Brannan Lake School for Boys^—Nanaimo ate the importance of an occasion when Salary—based on qualifications and experience. These teachers, free from the encumbrance of positions offer an excellent opportunity for a teacher ' interested in delinquent children. Teaching assign• Departmental or University direction, co• ments are varied. The schools are modern rehabilita• tion institutions following progressive treatment operatively seek the solution of a profession programi. For further information and application forms apply to the Chairman, Civil Service Commis• al problem related directly to course con• sion, Parliament Buildings, 544 Michigan Street, tent and teaching methods. This pamphlet. Victoria, IMMEDIATELY. Competition No. 58:213.

MAY.JUNE. 1958 419 MATHEMATICS THROUGH EXPERIENCE

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ANNOUNCEMENTS COMMERCE AND ECONOMICS Queen's Printer. Ott.iw.T, 1957. has prepared a Introduction to Business, by Clinton A. useful innovation for classrooin use. It is in a photo• graphic field, pictures for which liavo been pro• Reed, Hobart H. Conover and Robert duced by the National Film Board in collaboration E. Stearns. Macmillan Company of witli various government departments. The siil)jctt Canada, Toronto, 1958. .$3.95 matter deals with several of Canada's leading in• dustries, and in separate files tells the complete This is a clearly-written, well-illustralcd survey story of each industry. The price is nol mentioned ot tlie basic knowledge required for furtlier busi• ill the press release except in the words "nominal ness Iraining. .\ vocabulary preview at the begin• sum." ning of each unit, usc of color for emphasis, fre• The files arc termed Flat Sets and the subjects quent u.se of boxed examples, and an adetiuale treated are The Story of Milk, Maple Sugnr, A/ijiiiig section of review questions at the end of eacli unit, in Canada, Pacific Coast Fisliini^, Canadian Eskimos, are noteworthy features ot the book. However, this Loggitig in Canada, The Rockies. The Flat Sets is an American text designed for use in American are prepared on 8i/4xll cards and should furnish schools and because ot tlie nature of the subject good visual aids. matter, its v.ilue to Canadian u.sers is limited Three pamphlets published by H.M. Stationery accordingly.—R.^V.H. Office, London, are obtainable from the United Kingdom Information, 119 Adelaide St. West, Tor• Understanding the Canadian Economy, by onto. The subject of each is a special phase of W. Trimble. Copp, Clark (Western education in F.ngland, and all should prove not Division), Toronto, 1957. $3.00 only informative but also interesting to Canadians working in educational circles. The titles and prices The author presents a clear explanation of basic postpaid arc as follows: economic concepts as related to the Canadian economy. Particularly valuable as a teaching aid to 1. The Training of Teachers—Ministry of those teachers dealing with economics, it clarifies such topics as Canada's internation.al trade position, Education Pamphlet No. 34. Sltj: discusses the business cycle and relates it to Keynes' This describes and discusses a plan for a Ihree- Theory, explains the functions ot the Bank of )ear training college course. Canada. In total, Ihis book contains more theory than the authorized text in this field, which would 2. Stanilards of Reading 1948-1956-Mims- make it a valuable classroom reference.—R.W.H. try of Education Pamphlet No. 32. 50«i Surveys of illiteracy made in recent years, and FRENCH the procedure used in determining any improve- ineiit in reading are discussed. L'Arche de Noel, by Gale Young. Mac• millan Company of Canada, Toronto. 3. Stonj of Post-War School Building-mn- 954 istry of Educadon Pamphlet No. 53. This is a charming little book or, rather, booklet, 68{«. written to provide lively reading matter for children In view of the rapid growth of Canadian school who are just beginning French. There is a wide population and the consequent necessary building everyday vocabulary used ir. simple grammatical of schools, this pamphlet should be very interesting construction. No formal vocabulary is included in lo us in Canada. the book; nor indeed is it at all necessary, for new words as they occur can be easily recognized from Vacations Abroad Vol. X, 1958. Uneico Pub• delightful illustrations. Those words not illustrated could easily be guessed by their context. Learning lication, Paris, France. Price 300fr. has been facilitated Ijolh by repetition and by $1,00 5/ simplification: the "vous" form of address is used A bulletin printed in English, French and Span• throughout and the verb lenses are restricted to ish containing information about vacation oppor• Present, Perfect and Future with "aller." There are tunities in 58 countries. The material includes all soMgs and scenes and dialog. The book is suitable necessary data about vacation courses which will in as a supplementary.reader at the introduction of some cases carry college credits; study tours; hostels; the Beginner's French Course for it provides both holiday camps; scholarships. Where courses ot study a background and a stimulus to more formal work. are mentioned, fees for registration and participa• All ot the material is suitable for class participa• tion are stated. Inclusive costs for work, living and tion.—D.O-J. travelling expfinses are quoted. The course labelled Bates College (see p. 113) would be a wonderful Cinq Annies dc Frangais (I) Premiere venture for those who enjoy Florentine and Italian yin7iee, by M. Shocket. Macmillan Com• urt. Teachers interested in travel or study abroad should secure this bulletin and u.se it when plan• pany of Canada, Toronto, 1958. §1.20 ning their courses or holiday overseas. An attractive and well organized textbook for

MAY-JUNE, 1958 421 lirsi year French—tbe first of a scries of five, cnvcv- ing live years' work. It is planned primarily for "direct method" but liic material is organized so that teachers who prefer, or classes which need, more formal instruc• School District No. 45 tion may use the book along that line. Each les.son (•nineteen in all) is a neatly packaged unit con• WEST VANCOUVER taining dialog or story or playlet, action words, eye-catching illustrations, items lor formal Icarning. exercises on any cr all of the foregoing, and a game Applications are Invited for the following or a song, or both. The exercises and games are the kind which may positions: be atlapted, or expanded, easily, and the songs alone arc worth possession of the book. .All the familiar Wesi Vancouver Senior High School: favorites are there, written in single notes, treble clef alone, with syllables matched to the note—a Biology real jirop for those ti'ho feel shaky when faced witli English a song to icach. The gramm.ir presented in the lessons is gathered New Hillside Junior High School: together in a section which follows the last lesson. Science and Mathematics This grammar set:tion is excellently organized foi teaching, for study, or for quick review. Following Industrial Arts this is an equally good section on the irregular Girls' Physical Education verbs covered. At the end is a vocabulary in French Music to English only, and a brief resume of the con• tents (grimmar and verbs) of each lesson. Elemeniary Schools: The work covered is much the same as in our own first year French, but is more complete in Intermodiate Grades—young men given .some parts, and includes many more irregular verbs. preference. There is no formal English to French translation. In the five year course as outlined, exercises of that Application forms and Interviews can be sort do not come tuitil fourth year, the aim of the arranged by calling C. I. Taylor, District Super- course being "to render the student articulate in intendent, at WAInut 2-6178 or by writing to accurate and living French." School Boord Office, 1735 Inglewood. This textbook (originally planned for schools in England) would be very acceptable for first year French—either as the one and only, or as an extra text to accompany the one now in use, especially for the second half of the year—I.R.W.

LITERATURE AND READING School District No. 3 British Columbia: A Centerinial Anthology, Reginald Ej're Watters, Editor-in- (KIMBERLEY) Chief. McClelland and Stewart, Toron• Teachers Required September, 1958 to, 1958. Illustrated. 571pp. $5.00 This is the best of the productions in honor of a provincial anniversary. The beau'iful physical ap• I. SECONDARY pearance of the book,' the interpolation of attractive Senior Math & Science photos in color and in black and white, the line drawings and the wood-cuts, the arrangement of Senior English the subject matter in live divisions each dealing Senior Home Economics with a specific British Columbian topic—these are Music Teacher (Choral) the noteworthy quce Apply Board of School Truiteei, Boi 1329, Kimberley, of honor. However this may, be simply the reviewer's B.C. - Phone LU 2-3J11 personal attitude. Extremely interesting is the story Encloie last Inspector's report. A brochure on Kim• of Kelowna's authentic coat-of-arKs and armorial berley and District »lll be mailed to applicants. crest, since this city is the only British Columbia community to be so marked.

THE B. C. TEACHER 422 Tlie seciion entitled "Hays of otir Vears" describes in journalistic style—indeed many of the iiciiis are copied from very old newspaper issues—incidents of prime importance to people or communities. Every Teacher The next .section "The Sea our Doorway" tells in verse, prose and picture of B.C.'s contact with the IS INVITED . . . sea. Perhaps Earle Birney's poem David, so descrip• tive of courage in life and death, is the most sig• nificant part of Section Three "Mountains enfold THE "SUMMER HOLIDAY" us." .Section Four "The Glow of our Lamps" takes readers travelling everywhere in the province- Teachers' Food Club north, t.ist, south and west. In the last section "Cor• ridors of our Spirit" are the stories of well-known Offers British Columbians. Jack Scott's beautiful and 1) A 4 Months' Food Supply pathetic account of Pauline Johnson's life and death is here; so while her verse may have been neglected, (Beef, Pork, Fowl, Vegatables, Butter, her life story has not. Ice Cream, etc. — ail Choice) The Editorial Committee is really to be com• AND mended for having accomplished an outstanding and splendid piece of work, for taken all in all, the 2) A Deluxe Homefreezer anthology as was said in the opening sentence, is the.best yet. produced, as a.7provincial-recognition. It is a volume that any of us should be proud to FOR $25.00 PERMOMTH own.—E.G.H. {for bofh food and freezer) Beginning in the Language Arts, by Phyllis Bowers. J. M. Dent & Sons (Canada) No Monthly Payments Ltd., Toronto, 1957. $3.00 Until October This is one book ot a series classified as the For information phone Canadian Teachers' Professional Library written by a Canadian teacher on the stall ot McGill Univer• sity, Faculty of Education. It is written for Canadian Dickens 4614 schools and the material is chosen with a Canadian MRS. GRAY, Food Consultant basis. Thus it is easy to understand its value to MONARCH STORES LTD.. 1379 Kingsway Canadian teachers. "The author has divided the chapters into two sections. Chapters 1-7 deal with oral expression, and chapters 8-16 with written forms, with all subject matter selected for Grades I, II and III. At the end of each chapter are a number ot suggestions "For Further Study" which are extremely useful and thought-provoking. The earliest elforts in the child's speech have School District No. 7 not been neglected; and on page 10 are to be found listed the Aims o£ Instruction in the Language (NELSON) Artsl'These are to provide the child with (1) rich developmental experiences which will give him need Applications are invited for elemen• for varied language activities; (2) experiences that will enable him to communicate effectively; (3) ex• tary and secondary f-'ositlons for Sep• periences that will help him to listen intelligently; tember, 1958. (4) experiences that will help him to read thought• fully and critically. . Some of the secondary subjects re• There are plans outlined which, because of their practical nature, will help all teachers, both exper• quired are: Girls P.E., Home Economics, ienced and inexperienced. The Editor's Introduc• Commerce, Biology, Senior English, tion contains the following sentence: "Teachers engaged in the difficult and important task of Music (Band). teaching English to young children wi'l welcome the publication ot this book." Such a statement is Scale EB —2950 to 4600 (10 steps) self-explanatory. Definite suggestions for work in poetry, prose, or drama lessons, spelling, handwrit• EA —3250 to 5100 (II steps) ing, and reading have been included. The author explains also the use antl value of pictures, ch.arts SB —4000 to 6400 (12 steps) and other visual aids. Chf.pler II, entitled "Con• sidering the methods of reading instructions," dis• SA —4300 to 6800 (12 steps) cusses helpfully the Word, Phonic, Sentence-Story, ( and Activity methods. Here is a professional book which can be highly recommended.—E.G.H. Write to J. S. Livingstone, Secretary- White Water, by Vivian Breck. Toronto, Treasurer, S.D. No. 7, Nelson, B.C., en• Doubleday Publishers, 1958. $2.95 i\ novel for young adults combining the ele• closing a recenf impector's report. '•' ments of a "family story," love ot the outdoors,

MAY - JUNE. 19SS 423 courage :iiui g a month. No. 9 - 2.'il0 Lonsdale, Xortli Viinoou- Hook I is ;in excellent book. The .set-up is clear vsr. YUkon 7-8074, to the cliild, ilie pictures are htrge and ineaiiingfiil, and a minimum of inslniciion is iieedetl, Unforiu- 70B BUNT—July and Ausust. furnished 3- room penthouse apartment; suit two; $130 a iiately it does not cover the curricultim for this month; no children. Call E.Merald 357S, Van• grade. couver. This is a book lhat Cratle I teadiers would be very happy to use in their work.—L.C.C. POB RENT—July and August, modern apart• ment, fully furnished: suit two: in centt-r of New Westminster, close to shopj)ing and Arithmetic for Camidians, by Geraldine Bir• bu.sses; 30-min, drive to University. Call LAkeview G-743G. kett and Marion Jones. Macmillan ; POB BENT — July and August, furnished Company of Canada, Toronto, 1958. duplex; one block west of Granville Street 120pp. Bk. II 70(t on 13th Avenue: garden and garage. Write or phone Mr. E. Nelmes. No. 4 - 1265 West 12th This is a \ery line workbook. The work is vriried Ave., Vancouver 9, CE^ar 3152. and carefully progressive, ll is well suited to the ( ability of Grade 11. The nuinber pictures are very : ANTES TO BENT—Home or cabin for sum• mer session. Vancouver; teacher and family good; directions are very clear ;iiui e;isiiy followed. : (two dandy little girls); will tend garden Nuinber concepts are presented in many problems and baby-sit children or dog while you enjoy which should develop good reasoning ability. 'The j your vacation. H. Miles, 1111 Empress Ave., Victoria. pages presenting fractions, measures and money : arc parlicularly good. WANTED TO BENT—Housekeeping room or small suite near University gates: summer Unfortunately, the new Course of Study is more | session. Miss M. K. Boulter. 1758 - 7th St; extensive than courses formerly used, and lliis hook S.W.. Calgary. does not cover all requirements.—E.F.S. POB SAIiE—30-ft. furnl.shed house trailer situated on U.B.C. Campus; $1950 or swap MISCELLANEOUS for Volkswagen. B. Byers, Acadia Trailer Camp, U.B.C, Vancouver 8. ALma 0038. Public Affairs Pamphlets, 22 East 38th: WANTED TO EZCHANQE—July and August, Street, New York 16. 25c each • one-bedroom apartment, furnished; no cliil• No. 200 Time fnr music, by Reatricc Landcck dren; South tirunville area; for similar accommodation in Vernon or area. Write P. (music educator and author) B. Kilby, 1585 West ioth Ave., Vancouver How parents can interest children in music, anil: 9 or phone BAyview 5940. begin their study on instruments. No. 202 Tlie Labour Movement in U.S., by Jack POB RENT—July 1 to mid-August, bachelor suite, furnlslied; Oak Bay waterfront, mag• Barbash (former Educatiomil Director in .AFL- ! nificent view; low rent, Ideal for summer CIO, now professor) ! school. Write Elizabeth Morland, 2612 Thorpe A summary of U.S. union organization, objectives,. ; Place, Victoria, problems and prospects with emphasis on democracy i POB BENT—July and August, new two-bed• and house-cleaning. room home on Panorama Ridge, Surrey. No. 204 Your cliild's emotional health, by Annn Among trees on 4 acres, has partial view, W. M. Wolf (Start of Child Study Association, < garden, privacy; piano, television, radio, oil heat, all conveniences; power mower and writer) ' tractor, garage; phone and city water. 15 Advises of ways for providing emotional security min. to bathing at Crescent and White Kock; and meeting childhood crises.—G.H.C. 6 min. to Newton Plaza, a modern complete sliopping center. Rent $100 a month. Phone Newton 705-L-l or call at 5734 Roebuck Cataloguel957,Canadian Government Pub• Road. Owner (retired principal) going east lications. Queen s Printer, Ottawa, 1957. for visit. $1.00 (bilingual) ACCOMUOSATION POB S.S. STTOENTS— Room .'LUd board; room suitable for 1 or 2; Lists by Dominion Government departments of transportation to U.B.C. for 10 a.m. lecture their 1957 publications. Tho.sc that are free are with owner. Enquire Mrs. L. G. Williams, obiainable from the Department publishing them; 4257 Greta St., S. Burnaby, HEmlock 3-2752. those with a listed price attached ;iie obtainable- WANTED TO BENT—July and August, two- from the Queen's Primer. This catalog is useful bedroom house, preferably on North Shore. to schools for information about books relating lo Call Roy Atkinson, YUkon 7-4886. sciences and social studies. Of note particularly are

424 THE B. C. TEACHER. lliL- 21 lepoiis :ii\d sliulics of llic Goidoii toiiuiiis- sion, many of which are individual studies of Cana- diau iiidusliics. e.g. informalion on lishcrics, priced hctween jOc and $1.00 for material not readily obtainable elsewhere. This catalog, with similar annual volumes for 1!),")!. I'JS.") and lOriG, adds lo the volume for 19.53 ® BRILLIANT ivliich consolidated all uialcrial then a\'ailablc from the past. In atlditiou, sectional catalogs are now being compiled, e.g. that of Labour Puhlicaiions ® OPAQUE printed November 1955.—G.H.C. United Nations Department of Public In• ® ECONOMICAL formation. Disarmament and llie United Nations. Ryerson Press, Toronto, 1958. 25c \'arious materials Trom the General .Assembly's Twelfth Session, and while scarcely a progress re• port, ijuile revealing of very real difliculties. .An excellent summarization.—G.H.C.

Hoiv to Make $18,000 a Year Free-Lance Writing, by Larrar Farston. Hawthorn Books Inc., New York, 1957. (Cana• TEMPERA dian agents McClelland & Stewart, Toronto.) §5.50 BLOCKS This book is indeed interesting. U was written by a successful free-lance author who rather glibly RECOMMENDED AND USED shows his methods of making $18,000 per year. One gets the impression from his egocentric work that BY LEADING ART EDUCA• he really does not explain to the reader "how it is TIONISTS FROM COAST TO done." It would have been rewarding if he had elaborated on his techniques of writing rather than COAST speaking mysteriously at length about the critical editors he had encountered. The reader will find refreshing the vastness of the scope whicli the writer covers in his work. The writer is successful and he keeps us well reminded of that fact.—D.S. PHYSICAL EDUCATION The. Place of Sport in Education. PubHshed by U.N.E.S.C.O. Available from Uni• versity ,of Toronto Press, Toronto. Price 40c Is school sport "only a somewhat pointless form of play which threatens to rob the child of hours which are vital to his studies" as educationalists in France maintain? Or are sports and games N.B. Covers as much as nearly 3 "an essential function of school education" as is the general attitude in Sweden? lbs. of powder. For arguments in support of these points of view, and others, all teachers, especially ot P.E., No. 2 Large Block 2^/' Diameter will find this publication very valuable. In parti- Thick. culai, it will provide ammunition for those who X %" desire a more positive approach towards sport in Canada.-G.F.S. MADE iN 27 BRILLIANT SCIENCE COLOURS Science in Everyday Life, by Obourn, Send for FREE, illustraied, 101 page catalogue Heiss, and Montgornery. Van Nos- tj-and, Toronto, 1957. 600 pp. $5.00 SINCE 1766 A revision ot the 1953 edition to include recent developments in atomic energy. This is another of the problem-solving-activity publications. The physical and biological sciences are dealt with at Science 20 level with energy being the general 16 APEX ROAD TORONTO 19 theme throughout. Each chapter is well summar• ized and there is a good glossary at the end. One

MAY • JUNE. 1958 4\„ 425 lack is llie complete omission of niatliemalical prob• Bcdsiead" and many oilicis. Boys interested in lems. In their place are many questions tor discus• aviation will enjoy reading this liule book. It sion, and situations which give practice in problem would be a valuable addition to the school library. solving wliereby students are enabled "to use their -B.I I.e. own senses in collecting, organizing, interpreting, evaluating and applying infonnation." SOCIAL STUDIES Outstanding units are those on Weather and Climate, Our Earth and Neighbors in Space, and A Story Workbook in British History, by Conservation of Natural Resources. A good supple• John Brennan. Co]pp, Clark, Toronto, mentary book—D.D.R. 1957. 206 pp., $1.00 The Ages of Douglas Fir; The Renewal of This volume presents a series of stories describ• ing the development of Britain from the earliest the Coastal Forest. These two pam• days to Britain as a modern world po%ver and phlets were jirepared by J. Miles Gib• leader of the Commonwealth. Each chapter is fol• son, Dean of the Faculty of Forestry, lowed by eight or ten review questions, with spaces provided for answers in scnlence form. This book University of New Brunswick. VanDu- was read by three pupils, in Grades III, VI and sen Foundation (a fund of The Van• VII. .Ml expressed enjoyment. The volume should be invaluable for extra reading by advanced pupils couver Foundation), Vancouver, 1958. in the iiilermediatc grades.—W.M. The first of these pamphlets is a nicely illustrated story of tlie life history of Douglas lir as an associa• Travellers West, by Mary Quayle Innis. tion of trees in relation to their environment. (Copied from the title page.) It is interestingly Clarke, Irwin & Co. Ltd., Toronto, written and discusses and describes such topics as 1956. $3.50 the Ages ot Douglas fir; The overmature forest; This refreshing work vividly portrays lite on thr Second giowth .stands; Reproduction stage; Not Western Canadian plains in the lale 19th century. satisfactorily restocked areas. The material would The candor exhibited by Mrs. Innis can be matclied make help for a good essay in forestry subjects. only in her attempt to paint truthful pictures of the The second pamphlet discusses such subjects as achievements and privations of the Earl of Southesk. the Renew.il of the Coastal Forest; Importance of Viscount Milton, Dr.Clie.ad!e, Sandford Fleming and Douglas fir; How can it be maintained?; Establish• George Grant. The two young nobles took the jour• ment by nalural regeneration; Est;iblislinicnt by ney for the sport; Fleming and Grant to publicize direct seeding; Legal responsibility tor regenerating routes across our West.—D.S. cut-over land; What is happening? Tliere are several very nice photographic illus'ratioiis, and there is a The Magic of the Ages, by E. Thomas. good amount of informaticn on the subject which is so necessary to British Columbia's economy. Hamilton School Publications and -E.G.H. Specialties Ltd., Saskatoon, 1957. Human Biology, by E. D. Allright. Mac• A work-book for Grades VII-VIII. This is some• what inisle.-idiiig in that the author has not included millan Company of Canada, Toronto, very much material for the Grade VII course 1958. $1.35 (about 3 of the 124 pages). While it is an invaluable aid for the teacher, 1 feel that the average class This book deals with human anatomy and would not use all of the material contained. The physiology, inheritance, organisms responsible for author iias devoted far too much time and space disease and the individual and communal incisures for the study of the I'niled States (40 ot the 124 to bring them under control. The latter part of the pages). This section includes many good ideas but book is concerned with housing, community plan• they are too misleading for the average class. There ning, water supply, sewage disposal (in Great Brit• is not enough space allowed for the study of early ain) as it pertains to health. Canada and the fight tor responsible government. It is well written; easy to read, yet goes into It you arc looking for ideas for a study of the considerable detail. The text seems to move along U.S.A. then this book is a m-.ist as an aid. and in a more logical fashion than our present Biology there should be one for each leacher.—R.A.J. texts, and it is amply illustrated with uncluttered diagrams. It is good for supplementary reading since Untrodden Ways, by J. D. Vallance. Heb- it ties up loose ends neatly. The latter part of the book, although concerned mainly with health prob• den Printing Co., Victoria, 1958. $3.85 lems in British communities, is useful for informa• plus 20^; ta.\. (B.C. Agent, Mrs. R. I. tion. Here is a book well worth its purchase price ot $1.35.-H.H.M. Simms, 3019 Quadra St., Victoria, B.C.) Here is the best book about British Columbia's Helieopters Work Like This, by Basil Arkell history lhat has appeared thiT; far in the Centennial and John Taylor. J. M. Dent and Sons Year. As stated iu the foreword, it is suited to those "who desire a better acquaintance with the high• (Canada) Ltd., Toronto, 1956. $2.00 lights ot our early history." The author has made This is a book for children twelve to sixteen years great elfort and has engaged in literally world-wide of .age. The complex mechanism ot the helicopter correspondence to gather and to arrange his ma• is described in non-technical terms. The authors terial. , trace the history of the machine from the early The arrangement used in the book is unique, sketches ot Leonardo da Vinci to the modern de• being a combination ot authentic pictures, illus• signs ot Sikorsky. They describe the many varia• lrations, facts, dates set down chronologically and tions in design, such as the autogyro, the tandem- the insertion of some pages containing "Famous. rotor helicopter, the convertiplane, the "Flying Firsts" information. The pictures and illustrations.

4£6 THE B. C. TEACHER collected ate the icsidt of ten years' work by the archivist and lie;id of the historical section, has author. There arc also many inlereslinj; accounts gone deeply into authentic records and documents of early days and some events not so early in to bring his readers :i f;isciiiatiiig account of the Britisli Columbia which will fascinate a reader. sinkings, the victories, the courage, the ciidunince, Two of these are "riie change in the rule of the and even the mistakes that filled six years of naval road"—"the first automobile in Uritisli Cohimbia." w:irf:iie and took the lives of iiniiiy British and Included is statistical information such as lists Canadian "lais" who watched over the destiny of of Colonial Governors before Confederation: Prem• the .N'orth Atlantic convoys or :i5sisted in the epi• iers after Confederation; Lieuleiiant-Governois af• sodes at Crete and Dunkirk. ter Confederation. There is also biographical ma• Victory al Si-a is factual yet reads almost like terial about the early explorers of the I'acilic Coast fiction. Names familiar in the press such as Bis• and inland districts. marck, Scharnhorsl, Tirpitz, Graf Spec, Mtirniansk. Tlie style is, to use a somewhat strange expression, Casablanca; terms like "wolf-packs of U-boats." historically informal which adds particularly to its "sea-front of Dieppe" gilp our attention as we seem value as a mine of useful information. It is highly almost to watch what the commandeisinchief arc recommended for .school libraries.—E.G.H. stalking. The tale of "the men who go down to the sea in ships" and their many deeds of val{)r is Victory at Sea, by Lt.-Commander P. K. vividly related-and the following quotation from Kemp, R.N. Frederick Miiller, London, the dust-jacket puts the picture into a true per• spective: "The bitter fighting of the Mediterranean 1957. Illustrated. $6.50 (Canadian convoys, the long desperate struggle in the -Atlantic, Agent S. J. Reginald Saunders, Toronto the actions in the icy wastes of the Arctic Ocean, Ihe great carrier attacks in the I'acific . . . all tliese I.) arc shown in their true pattern against the back• Here is the story of British se;i power and its p;in ground of strategic planning which led to the final in World War II. The author, who is the .Admiralty victory."—E.G.H.

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Eric J. Dunn The following are some examples: Windsor $4100-$7100(non-specialist) rpRIC JOHN DUNN died on Easter Sun- 4600- 7700(specialists) ^ day at his home at Cranbrook, B.C. increments 5x200 then 300 He was fifty-three years of age. Beamsville $4100-$7000 The faith that the Department of Educa• 4500- 7400 tion had in him is shown by the fact that increments 5x200 then 300 at the time of his death he was an Inspector Dunnville $4000-$7000 of Schools for the Fernie District, where 4300- 7300 he had been given a unique and difficult increments 300 assignment. Nickel Disbict $4400-$7400 Eric had outstanding qualities that were 5000- 8000 plain to those who knew him best. Among increments 5x200 then 300 these was his ability to discuss any topic Sault Ste. Marie $4300-$7100 with sympathetic understanding. And not 4800- 7600 only in the realm of ideas, but even in a increments 3G0 field as specific as that of practical educa• tion, he had valuable and firm convictions, The above scales are quite typical. They whether they dealt with curriculum revi• apply in the first five districts advertising sion or student discipline. That he had the vacancies. happy faculty of bringing out the best qualities in his teachers and pupils is attested by many in the Alberni Valley Regina Salary Scale where as teacher and principal he taught HE following salary scale will apply for twenty-five years. He lacked arrogance T in Regina Collegiate schools effective altogether and, although he had strong con• September, 1958: victions, he was always courteous to an• II III IV V other's point of view without giving the 3100 3600 4300 4700 feeling that he was merely exercising toler• 9x200 10x230 10x240 10x250 ance. 1x100 Eric was too young to leave a world in 500O 5900 6700 7200 which he had still so much to accompHsh. Principals 133J% of category V maxi• —M.H.C.W. mum. Vice-principals 116§% of category V maximum. /') Ontario Secondary Salaries Category IV calls for one Uegree; cate• gory V, two degrees. I "for 1958 HE Toronto Globe and Mail, April 2 Teaching Abroad Under T edition, carried three and one-half pages of teachers-wanted advertisements. the Colombo Plan Salaries offered commencing September, HEN Miss Cottingham was in Ottawa 1958, show that Ontario teachers made very W in February, she had occasion to talk good gains this year. Particularly at the with Mr. I. A. Hodson, of the Intemational secondary school level salaries offered are Economic and Technical Co-operation well ahead of current B.C. patterns. Division of the Department of Trade and

428 THE B. C. TEACHER Commerce. Thi.s is tlie office which is High Scliool St^miiiar responsible for the administration of Canada's contribution to the Colombo on U.N. Plan. While every fully qualified and ex• perienced teacher is needed in the schools rriHE Sixdi Annual High School Seminar of British Columbia, the Federation would -•- on United Nations will be held from be remiss as a x^rofessional organization Monday, August 25, to Friday, August 29, if it failed to inform the membership at the Youth Training Center of the Uni• of unique opportunities for professional versity of Briti.sh Columbia. Lectures will growth abroad, in nations where educa• be given by members of the University tional needs are even more desperate than faculty, of the U.N. Association and others, they are in Canada. on the subject "United Nations and the Afro-Asian powers." The fee for room and For the teacher with, experience, good health, confidence and courage, who seeks board, tuition and social evenis is to bo $.35. to give educational service in pioneering Students chosen to attend may be spon• conditions as a representative of Canada sored by student councils, P.-T.A.'s, church abroad, there were forty such positions groups, service clubs, or other local organi• awaiting applications on February first. zations and business firms. Any member of the B.C.T.F. who is in• In addition to the course on international terested in such an opportunity may get affairs, the students are offered a varied further information by writing Mr. I. A. program of social events. Hodson or Mr. A. R. Winship, of the Application forms and further informa• above department, Ottawa. tion may be obtained from the United Na• tions Association in Canada, 1300 Robson Bumaby Teacher Awarded Street, Vancouver 5. Essay Prize Course for HPD Teachers npEACHERS of Health and Personal Development, who are looking for helpful courses at the U.B.C. Summer Ses• sion, should investigate the course in Per• sonal and Business Finance (Commerce 376). It includes such practical topics as Investments, Banking, Consumer Credit, Insurance, Home Ownership, Wills and Personal Budgets; Teachers interested .should write, or telephone, to R. H. Hey• wood, Faculty of Commerce. Scotland in a; New Way IM GOLDIE of the Burnaby North High WO weeks of appealing culture and J School and a long time member of the T crowded Scottish life can be yours for Provincial Teachers' Medical Association Miss Ida Kimber, M.A., 6 Argyle Place, Board, was awarded fourth prize in an Edinburgh 9, offers a new way to visit in essay contest advertised in Life Magazine. the Edinburgh area. Several study courses The contest was sponsored by the Mutual are available and there is opportunity to Life Insurance Company of Newark, N.J., visit historic places in and around the city. and Johnson and Johnson Surgical Supply A general fee $45 covers the courses; room Company. Jim received an education schol• and full board in a Scottish home come to arship of $1500 for his son for his essay on $66. "The Importance of a Good Education." Further information is obtainable from Congratuladons, Jim. Miss Kimber.

MAY-JUNE, 1958 429 195S - 1959. Eligibility requirenients range Special Fares i'or Autuiiiii from first yeiu- students majoring in Educa• QPECIAL fares have been autliorized by tion to second year students majoring in ^ the Canadian Passenger Association Science or in Geophysics. Interested per• for teacliers and students travelling by triun sons attending or planning to attend ont; from their homes in Canada to stations in of these universities may obtain further in• Canada at which they will attend univer• formation by contacting their university sity, college or other educational institu• directly. tions. No certificate or other formality is In addition to the above, which aro ad• necessary to obtain the special form of ministered by the universities, there are ticket—agents will issue them on request. t^venty scholarships in Geophysics which The round trip tickets will be issued are administered by the Society of Explora• from July 25 to October 25, inchisive, and tion Geophysici.sts of Tulsa, Oklaliorna. will be valid returning from stations at Most of these cany an annual stipend of which the university, college or odier edu• $750 per year or more and are available cational institution is located to the starting to students planning to attend Canadian point only within die i^eriod March 25 to Universities as well as American. Eligibil• June 30, 1959. Other regulations can be ity requirements are generally for seniors .T obtained from railway ticket agents. post graduate students in high schools who intend to pursue a course in Geophysics C.S.E.G. Geophysical or related science while in college and who inieiid to prepare themselves for a ciu-eer Scholarships in Geophysics. Undergraduate students al• 'VrlNE academic scholarships in Geo- ready in universities are also eligible. A • - ^ physics and related subjects which are few of the scholarships also require that sponsored by the Catiadian Society of E.\- the candidates' parents must be engaged in ploration Geophysicists are available at tlio exploration geophysics. Inforination regard• ing diese scliolarships may be obtained by following universities: University of Al• writing the Scholarship Committee, Society berta—three; University of B.C.—one; Uni• of Exploration Geophysicists, Box 1536, versity of Sa.sk.—two; University of ^A'este^1 Tulsa, Oklaliorna. It is suggested that stu• Ont.—two; Queens Ur'.versity—one. dents wishing to qualify for the academic These schohirships, all for an amount of year 1958-59 write for application forms $350 per year, are available to students of immediately. these universities for the academic yeai-

SUMMER HOURS During the months of July and August the Federation Office will be open from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. Monday to Friday

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430 THE B. C. TEACHER Teachers Are Praising

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431 MAY - JUNE. 19SB An Open Letter

Booth Memorial High School, ing. I have now been actively teacliing for Prince Rupert, B.C. dirce years. Such a little comjiarccl widi March 15, 1958. your honorable service. Mis.s Elizabeth Thoma.s, I look back on the days of general police Penticton High School, duties ou the Canadian prairies as a very Penticton, B.C. happy time. Never did I see the worried Dear Miss Thomas, faces so evident at certain times of the year in high school stafl^ rooms. How shall 1 I read in "The Province" of Friday, handle II3 this afternoon? Why did Mr. March 14, that you plan to retire on June Johiis think I was at fault and not his 180 30 from your position as high school teaclier 111. Tommy, aged 17, who has lieeii so in Penticton after teaching for 38 years in .spoiled at home? Why is 18-year-old Elva schools in that district. allowed to repeat a course for the third May I first of all tell you that all teachers year? Just some of our problems. Miss everywhere will bo wishing you well in Thomas. Let me assure you diat escorting your retirement and many years to enjoy violent lunatics on the prairies, taking all the beauties of the Okanagan and to travel kinds of desperate criminals by air, car, on visits to other places. May I also apolo• train or occasionally on foot was child's gise for writing to you although I have play compared to some of die teaching never had the pleasure of meeting you. situations I have seen in this province in I admire tremendously all those who the past three years. reach retirement in the teaching profession; alas, they are all too few. Even if you had Like yourself, I am able to handle my only been teaching thirty pupils each year, classes. The preparation of les.sons the over i'140 pupils would have passed under night before takes two hours. The marking your (guidance. Actually as a high school of books, papers, term examinations and teacher you have probably taught several keeping of records takes up half my week• times that number and even in elementary end. Extra-curricular activities in the schoo! schools die load per teacher is now usually take up some lunch periods and time after nearer forty than thirty. school. All good teachers work a 60-hour When you first started teaching, presum• week during the term. And in the summer? ably shortly after the first World War, your Seven week^ of Summer Session at the Uni• district was quite small. Now it is bursting versity, no pay and expenses going on as at the seams with a huge high school and usual. Some, of course, can not afford to many schools being enlarged. go. They must work. Teachers learn to hide their difficulties Reg. McCracken, the head of our Socials and no doubt over the years heart aches department, died of a heart attack just and gray hairs become synonymous. In my before the New Year. He was only 55 but own case. Miss Thomas, I spent eigliteen had taught for many years. Early in De• years in the R.CM. Police and two in the cember we returned after supper to the Canadian Army before I got my R.C.M. school to make up our Ciiristmas test. After Police pension and entered teacher train• an hour's work I asked him what the main

432 THE B. C. TEACHER reward was diat ho got from teaching. He Don't forget to apply for your ]ieiisi()ii, smiled iiappily when lie sliyly lold inc of Miss Thomas. You do not got it aiitomati• the loiters received from graleful pupils, cally; you must apply. It should be $6,000 Ihe few hurried words of thanks at the eiicl a year but I am afraid it will be miieli, much of an atler-seliool conference. less. However, you know tho situation- Whenever 1 meet a scliool trustee, 1 first only teachers know what leaching really is. politely en(|uire if lu; has ever laught public With all best wi.shes school. If he has he knows some of our Yours very truly, difficulties; if he has nol, ho may have HAIUIY W. KlHKPATlUCK some idea. We will try to carry the torch on for you, P.S. Yes, 1 agree, if classes were smaller, Miss Tliomas. More than ten percent of us disciplinary problems would be less. But will disappear from public school leaching classes are getting larger all die time as forever each year. Miss Tliomas. But the thoro pro fewer teachers compared to the remainder will carry on. number of pupils.

The Canadian College of Teachers

rril-lE FIRST Council of the Canadian by die College or teaching experience and College of Teachers held its initial study recognized as an acceptable alterna• meeting in Ottawa in February. The Col• tive lege, created last fall by the Canadian (c) five years successful teaching ex• Teachers* Federation, is a new "learned perience in public or accredited private society" in the field of education. It is not schools a training school but a group of top level (d) at present engaged in leaching or educators who will work for the improve• administration in the field of teaching ment of education through the raising of (e) where circumstances jiermit, a mem• professional standards among teachers. bership in provincial or national professio• Members of the Council of the Collego nal organizations arc: (f) a distinctive contribution to educatio• Professor D. C. Munroe, Macdonald Col• nal, professional and community growth lege, Quebec (President) which has brought credit to the teaching Miss Caroline Robins, Saskatoon, Saskatch• profession. ewan (Vice-President) The registration fee for Members of the Mr. George G. Croskery, Ottawa, Ontario College is $25.00 payable upon acceptance (Secretary-Treasurer) as a Member. The Annual Membership Dr. M. E. LaZerte, Winnipeg, Manitoba Fee is $5.00. Annual fees paid now will Mr. George L. Roberts, Oshawa, Ontario cover membership for the period from date Mr. Frank G. Patten, Ottawa, Ontario of payment until June 30, 1959. Miss Gene Morison, Halifax, Nova Scotia The first Annual Meeting of the College Mr. Clifford Andrews, St. John's, New• will be held on Monday and Tuesday, foundland August 11 and 12, 1958, at the Sheraton- Miss Ruby McLean, Leamini •.on, Ontario. Brock Hotel, Niagara Falls, Ontario, im• The Council invites plications for mediately preceding the Annual Conference membership from persons with the follow• of the Canadian Teachers' Federation. ing qualifications: Application forms may be obtained on (a) a permanent teaching certificate valid request from: The Secretary, Canadian in a province of Canada College of Teachers, 444 MacLaren Street, (b) a degree from a university recognized Ottawa 4, Ontario.

MAY - JUNE, 1958 433 WILLARD E. IRELAND The Old Water-wheel, Ashcroft, 1942

From an original Water-color in the Provincial Archives, by A. Fairbairn.

agent for the district, ancl Clement, elected A . M. D. FAIRBAIRN, who now lives in California, was Private Secretary at to die Legi.slative Council in 1864, became Goveniment House in Victoria from 1926 a Senator after Confederation, ancl from to 1943 ancl, in addition, a story writer, 1881 to 1886 was Lieutenant-Governor of dramatist, actor, musician ancl artist. One British Columbia. As early as 1867 he was funcdon of the artist, he believes, should be serving as local magistrate, and from 1889 to 1907, some three years before he died, he to record the past for the sake of the was a County Court Judge. In their leisure future: this he did in his many paintings of time tho Comwalls added considerable Bridsh Columbia. gaiety to the social life of the Cariboo: they Arriving in Victoria in June, 1862, Cle• established yearly race meets at Ashcroft, ment Francis Cornwall, then aged 26, and and even imported a pack of hounds from his younger brodier, Henry, made their England, dienceforth "riding to hounds"— way toward the Cariboo gold fields. But though the quarry was coyote instead of they quickly decided to devote themselves fox—in the tradiHonal manner. to farming and pre-empted "a desirable The water-wlieel which diey built in looking flat" on the right bank of the 1863 developed five horse-power. Accord• Thompson near Cache Creek, on the wagon ing to Clement's diar)' it took nearly six road then being constructed from Cook's mondis to construct, and required "3,72,5 FeiTy (later Spence's Bridge) to Clinton. feet" of lumber, whip sawn from the trees With suflicient capital to weadier any tem• on the property. Sixteen feet in diameter porary adversity, the Comwalls could and three feet wide, it was cjvershot, water nevertheless work hard with their own being led to it by a wooden flume fed by an hands; they were well educated; they were earth ditch nearly 1000 feet long. Also resourceful and enterprising. The brodiers shown in die painting is part of the machin• called dieir place "Ashcroft" after their old ery of the litde grist mill. There is a tradi• home in Gloucestershire, and by the end of tion that the stones came from the mill 1862 they had built a house and other fann projected in 1848 by the Hudson's Bay buildings, planted a garden and commenc• Company on the MilJsti-cam near Victoria, ed an irrigation system, arranged to import but diis cannot be confirmed from Cle• catde from Oregon, and bought another ment's diaiy, in which there is unfortunately 1800 acres of land. Ne.xt year they erected a gap between 10 July 1864 and 17 Novem• "Ashcroft House" for the accommodation ber 1866, when the grist mill is known to of travellers, and also constructed the have been in full swing. It has also been water-wheel on the cover. In 1864 they put said that tho mill did not cease operadon up a sav/-mill to supply local dc^-niands; and until 1887. The remains of the water-wheel shortly after, for their roadhouse was could sdll be seen as late as 1948, when directly affected by the extremely high, the mill stones were taken from the original price cf flour, they added a grist mill. site "up the creek" and placed on display at the side of die road noar the 85-year-old The Comwalls also had a strong sense road-house, the present Ashcroft Manor. of public duty. Henry was the first Indian

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