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Eureka Worldto Your Good Ideas May Start in a University, but Great Ideas Don’T Stay There

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Eureka Worldto Your Good Ideas May Start in a University, but Great Ideas Don’T Stay There Volume 4, Number 1, Summer 2009 RESEARCH, DISCOVERY AND INNOVATION AT MCGILL UNIVERSITY From Eureka Worldto your Good ideas may start in a university, but great ideas don’t stay there. From healthier babies to heartier crops (and even swimming robots), discover 33 ways that McGill research changes lives. PLUS: à Epigenetic breakthrough à A memory pioneer speaks à China’s cultural history Summer 2009 headway Volume 4, Number 1 Research, discovery and innovation at McGill University Headway (ISSN 1911-8112) 1 MESSAGE FROM THE VICE-PRINCIPAL is published twice a year by the Vice-Principal (Research 2 WORKSPACE and International Relations) Go inside a paleontologist’s cabinet of curiosities. and the Office of Public Affairs NEWS McGill University 3 Meet McGill’s three new Killam Prize laureates and read about the latest discoveries, awards and innovations. EDITOR James Martin IN FOCUS CONSULTING EDITORS Susan Murley 7 The Legacy of Child Abuse Jacquie Rourke A startling new study suggests that physical and emotional child abuse makes dramatic changes to young male victims’ brains—increasing the odds that they’ll GRAPHIC DESIGNER grow up to become men who commit suicide. Carmen Jensen SPECIAL THANKS TO COVER STORY Jake Brennan Laurie Devine 10 From Eureka to Your World Jane Jackel In the world of McGill research, creating new knowledge isn’t an end—it’s the Daniel McCabe beginning of creating life-changing innovations. Tara Shaughnessy Jennifer Towell IN DEPTH CORRESPONDENCE Headway 23 The King of (Understanding) Pain 1555 Peel Street New Canadian Medical Hall of Fame inductee Ronald Melzack talks about the Suite 900 history—and future—of alleviating chronic pain. Montreal, Quebec H3A 3L8 26 Over the Great Wall [email protected] Telephone: 514-398-7404 For over 40 years, historian Robin Yates has been bringing early Chinese cultural Fax: 514-398-2700 history—and technology, and archaeology, and poetry—to the West. Pour recevoir un exemplaire FIRST PERSON de cette publication en français, veuillez communiquer avec 28 Memory Pioneer nous à l’adresse ci-dessus ou consulter Neuropsychologist Brenda Milner reflects on her illustrious career—and the current http://francais.mcgill.ca/headway/ state of Canadian science. Publication Agreement Number 40031154 29 MAKING HEADWAY Headway can be found online at When Canadians wanted to know the time, they listened to the www.mcgill.ca/headway/ McGill Observatory. Literally. ON THE COVER Montreal illustrator Matt Forsythe’s work has appeared in the Wall Street Journal, chickaDEE and the McGill News. His graphic novel ojingogo, published by Drawn & Quarterly, won the Pigskin Peters Award for best experimental or non-narrative work at the 2009 Doug Wright Awards. contents Research Message from the Vice-Principal (Research and International Relations) “Canada is a solid, middle-of-the-road performer.” That’s the conclusion of Canada’s Science, Technology and Innovation Council in its 2008 State of the Nation report, which benchmarks Canada’s performance on a wide range of science, technology and innovation indicators on an international scale. The STIC says that improving Canada’s performance “will require a concerted, coordinated effort by Canadian business, higher education, government and non-profit institutions.” Indeed. Solid isn’t a point of pride. The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development ranks Canada near the very bottom in terms of private sector–university collaboration—far behind leaders Finland, Sweden and Belgium, and even Iceland, Portugal and the Slovak Republic. The problem is a lack of dialogue: In the STIC report, innovative Canadian firms say their most important sources of information are clients, suppliers and trade shows—not universities, despite the fact that higher education institutions account for 34 per cent of R&D in Canada, equivalent to $10 billion. This disconnect must be addressed if Canada is to parlay its investments and strengths into improved competitiveness. McGill University has a strong track record of industry collabora- tion—in fact, the cover story of this issue of Headway looks at some of the outstanding research that has led to many successful, life- improving ventures—but we know there’s much more work to be done. We are currently transforming our research portfolio to respond to the dynamic nature of our research partnerships. This restructuring will streamline our services to our researchers so that we can better capitalize on opportunities, whether they concern partnerships with government, industry, or academe. And we are taking proactive steps—like the recent Crossroad for BioTransfer event (see page 22 for coverage), which allows our world-class investigators to showcase their discoveries to private sector investors and partners. There’s no question we have the talent. Consider our three new Killam Prize winners, Philippe Gros, Wagdi Habashi and François Ricard. Or our new Killam Fellowship winner, Robert Brandenberger. Or cognitive neuroscience pioneer Brenda Milner, who, as this magazine was about to go to press, added Grand Officer in the Order of Quebec to her already lengthy list of honours. Or our two new Steacie Fellowship recipients, Andrew Hendry and Karim Nader. I could go on. The challenge now is to work across sectors so that we can strategically focus that talent, allowing it to truly fulfill its vast potential. Because the middle of the road is not where we’re destined to be. DiscoveryDenis Thérien Vice-Principal (Research and International Relations) InnovationMcGill University 1 WORKSPACE Hans Larsson From the tender age of five, all Hans Larsson ever wanted to be found evidence of the oldest carnivorous amphibians in Niger. In was a vertebrate paleontologist. He devoured dinosaur books the lab, Larsson recently made headlines for his current work to and pestered his parents into summer camping trips in the fossil- reverse-engineer a chicken embryo that will grow dinosaur-like rich Alberta badlands—which is how a 14-year-old Larsson ended teeth, tail and claws—a project funded by paleontologist Jack up meeting paleontology legend Philip Currie. Currie was impressed Horner, the inspiration for the film Jurassic Park. Larsson’s office by this enthusiastic kid and gave him two pieces of advice: keep on the third floor of the Redpath Museum is a veritable curiosity pursuing scientific study, and go to McGill. Larsson did both. Now closet of wonders from Earth’s ancient past—and a testament to the Canada Research Chair in Vertebrate Paleontology and curator his bottomless passion for discovery.■ of vertebrate paleontology at McGill’s Redpath Museum, Larsson divides his time between the field and the lab. He’s discovered Hans Larsson, photographed in his Redpath Museum office on April 8, physical proof that dinosaurs once lived in Canada’s Arctic and 2009, by Rachel Granofsky. Larsson did fieldwork near Monte Alto, The four books that most fueled Larssonʼs scientific Jar of African Polypterid Brazil, in the late nineties. A local curiosity and sense of adventure: fishes, which can use their museum was so proud of its titanosaur Ends of the Earth by Roy Chapman Andrews (1929) fins to walk on land. collection̶“just a leg bone and three The Logic of Scientific Discovery by Karl Popper (1934) Larssonʼs lab is starting to or four tail vertebrae”̶that they sold Osteology of the Reptiles by Alfred Romer (1956) explore the biomechanical solid metal souvenir models of the entire Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution state of the fish before it beast. “Of course I had to get one.” by Robert Carroll (1987) made the transition to land. Plastic skeleton for teaching animal diversity and vertebrate evolution. Cast of a Tyrannosaurus rex jaw. Last summer, during his “Bringing anatomy back to human form is more intuitive for students̶ annual fossil expedition to Saskatchewan, Larssonʼs team we all use our anatomy,” says Larsson. “For human evolution, I also bring discovered the back end of a baby T‑rex skull̶possibly in a very old gorilla skeleton that we have in the museumʼs basement so the smallest such specimen ever found. This summer, heʼs students can get to see some biology, not just PowerPoint slides.” going back to dig it out. 2 Headway Summer 2009 NEWS Owen Egan On May 11, McGill Principal Heather Munroe‑Blum (left) Killam Prize hat trick and Vice‑Principal (Research and International Relations) Denis Thérien (right) joined George Cooper, Managing and fellowship Trustee of the Killam Trusts (second from right) in the Life Sciences Complex to honour new The Canada Council awards the annual Killam Prizes to distinguished Killam Prize laureates (left to right) Philippe Gros, Canadian scholars in the fields of health sciences, natural sciences, François Ricard and Wagdi G. Habashi. engineering, social sciences and humanities. Five $100,000 prizes are awarded each year—one in each field—and on May 11, McGill a generous and excellence-driven program because it supports and researchers took home three of them. Philippe Gros (health sciences) honours the research leaders in our institutions. It’s a reminder that is James McGill Professor in Biochemistry in the Rosalind and Morris a university’s main business is the production of deep knowledge, as Goodman Cancer Centre; his groundbreaking genetics research has led well as the education of highly skilled, highly trained students.” to the identification of the gene that causes spina bifida, the A jury of 14 eminent Canadian scholars selects the recipients of the isolation of the cancer resistant “mdr” family of genes, and the Killam Prizes and Fellowships. The program is funded through lifetime identification of new genes that give rise to susceptibility to malaria. and testamentary gifts from Dorothy J. Killam, in memory of her Wagdi G. Habashi (engineering) is a professor in the Department of husband, Izaak Walton Killam. ■ Mechanical Engineering and an international leader in the field of computational fluid dynamics, which is crucial to dealing with the potentially dangerous problem of in-flight icing of aircraft.
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