Recommended Vernacular Names for Common Plants of British Columbia

RECOMMENDED VERNACULAR NAMES FOR COMMON PLANTS OF BRITISH COLUMBIA

Compiled by Del Meidinger

RR 87002-HQ

R·E·S·E·A·R·C·H REPORT Internal Reports of the Ministry of Forests and Lands Research Program

Ministry of Forests and Lands RECOMMENDED VERNACULAR NAMES FOR COMMON PLANTS OF BRITISH COLUMBIA

compiled by Del Meidinger

Research Branch British Columbia Ministry of Forests and Lands Victoria, B.C.

September 1987 This publication is RR87002-HQ

Copies of this report may be obtained, depending upon supply from:

Research Branch B.C. Ministry of Forests and Lands 1450 Government Street Victoria, B.C.

Citation:

Meidinger, D. 1987. Recommended vernacular names for common plants of British Columbia. B.C. Min. For. and Lands, Research Report RR87002-HQ.

The contents of this report may not be cited in whole or in part with out the approval of the Director of Research, B.C. Ministry of Forests and Lands, Victoria.

ii PREFACE

The main objective of this publication is to recommend common names for the indicator plants used in Ecology Programme publications. For some species, there are many common names — for others, there may be only one or even none in “common” usage. For species with many vernacular names, the choice of any one name is often arbitrary, however, I tried to choose the name that is most commonly used in floras and plant guides relevant to British Columbia. For species with no real “common” name, I used whatever I could find or whatever has been suggested to users of the Ecosystem Classification system at Ministry training courses. This list does not present common names for all plant species in British Columbia, but only for those that: 1) have “indicator” value; 2) are not rare or localized in distribution; and, 3) could be useful in ecosystem identification as they do not require a compound microscope or specialized chemicals for identification (as do most mosses, lichens and liverworts). The term “indicator” has a very broad and varied usage, but for this publication it generally refers to plants that are general to specific indicators of climate, soil moisture and soil nutrient regime, or successional development . Scientific names (latin names) are from the following sources: Crum, H.A., W.C. Steere and L.E. Anderson. 1973. A new list of mosses of North America north of Mexico. The Bryologist 73:499-543. Hale, M.E. Jr. and W.L. Culberson. 1970. A fourth checklist of the lichens of the continental United States and Canada. The Bryologist 73:499-543. Stottler, R. and B. Crandall-Stottler. 1977. A checklist of the liverworts and hornworts of North America. The Bryologist 80:405-428. Taylor, R.L. and B. MacBryde. 1977. Vascular plants of British Columbia: a descriptive resource inventory. The University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver, B.C. For vascular plants not found in Taylor and MacBryde (1977), scientific nomenclature follows: Kartesz, J.T. and R. Kartesz. 1980. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. Volume\II. The biota of North America. The University of North Carolina Press. Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A. 498 p. In addition to Taylor and MacBryde (1977), the following references were used for determining common names: Clark, L.J. 1973. Wild flowers of British Columbia. Gray’s Publishing Ltd. Sidney, B.C., Canada. 591 p. Douglas, G.W. 1982. The sunflower family (Asteraceae) of British Columbia. Voume I - Senecioneae. Province of British Columbia, Ministry of the Provincial Secretary and Government Services. Victoria, B.C. Occasional Papers of the British Columbia Provincial Museum No. 23. 180 p. Harthill, M.P. and I. O’Connor. 1975. Common mosses of the Pacific coast. Naturegraph Publishers, Inc. Healdsburg, Calif. U.S.A. 119 p. Hitchcock, C.L. and A. Cronquist. 1973. Flora of the Pacific Northwest. An illustrated manual. University of Washington Press. Seattle, Wash., U.S.A. 730 p. Lyons, C.P. 1974. Trees, shrubs and flowers to know in British Columbia. J.M. Dent and Sons Ltd. 194 p. Moss, E.H. 1974. Flora of Alberta. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Ontario. 546 p. Pojar, J., R. Love, D. Meidinger and R. Scagel. 1982. Some common plants of the Sub-Boreal Spruce Zone. Province of British Columbia Ministry of Forests. Victoria, B.C. Land Management Handbook No. 6. 102 p.

iii Porsild, A.E. 1974. Rocky Mountain wildflowers. National Museums of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario. Natural History Series, No. 2. 454 p. Scoggan, H.J. 1978/79. The flora of Canada. Parts 2-4. National Museums of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario. Publications in Botany No.\7(2-4). Welsh, S.L. 1974. Anderson’s flora of Alaska and adjacent parts of Canada. Brigham Young University Press. Provo, Utah. 724 p.

iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to thank the many individuals that helped me with the list — their encouragement and valuable comments were greatly appreciated. My Forest Service colleagues — Ray Coupe and Anna Roberts (Williams Lake), Jim Pojar (Smithers), Fraser Russell (Kamloops), and Bob Green (Vancouver) — all were very helpful. Ted Lea (Victoria), Gail Ross (Chilliwack) and especially Bill Merilees (North Vancouver) of the Ministry of Environment and Parks all provided useful comments. George Douglas was also very helpful in the comments he offered. Carmen Cadrin and Tracy Fleming assisted in producing the earlier versions of this list. Linda Fraser, Louise Gronmyr and Jean Stringer typed the manuscript, and the typesetting was done by Beth Collins.

v LATIN NAME COMMON NAME Abies amabilis amabilis fir Abies grandis grand fir Abies lasiocarpa subalpine fir Abronia latifolia yellow sand-verbena Acer circinatum vine maple Acer glabrum Douglas maple Acer macrophyllum bigleaf maple Achillea millefolium yarrow Achillea millefolium var. lanulosa western yarrow Achlys triphylla vanilla-leaf Aconitum columbianum Columbian monkshood Aconitum delphiniifolium mountain monkshood Actaea rubra baneberry Adenocaulon bicolor pathfinder Adiantum pedatum maidenhair fern Agoseris aurantiaca orange agoseris Agoseris elata tall agoseris Agoseris glauca pale agoseris Agoseris grandiflora large-flowered agoseris Agoseris heterophylla annual agoseris Agropyron dasystachyum downy wheatgrass Agropyron pectiniforme crested wheatgrass Agropyron repens quackgrass Agropyron smithii western wheatgrass Agropyron spicatum bluebunch wheatgrass Agropyron trachycaulum* slender wheatgrass (syn.Agropyron pauciflorum) Agropyron violaceum broad-glumed wheatgrass Agrostis aequivalvis northern bentgrass Agrostis exarata spike bentgrass Agrostis gigantea redtop Agrostis humilis alpine bentgrass Agrostis idahoensis Idaho bentgrass Agrostis pallens dune bentgrass Agrostis scabra hair bentgrass Agrostis stolonifera creeping bentgrass Agrostis thurberiana Thurber’s bentgrass Agrostis variabilis mountain bentgrass Aira caryophyllea silver hairgrass Aira praecox early hairgrass Alisma plantago-aquatica water-plantain Allium acuminatum Hooker’s onion Allium cernuum nodding onion Allium geyeri Geyer’s onion Allium schoenoprasum wild chives Allotropa virgata candystick

* not in Taylor and MacBryde LATIN NAME COMMON NAME Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia mountain alder Alnus rubra red alder Alnus viridis ssp. fruticosa green alder Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata Sitka alder Alopecurus aequalis little meadow-foxtail Alopecurus arundinaceus* creeping meadow-foxtail Alopecurus geniculatus water meadow-foxtail Alopecurus pratensis meadow-foxtail Alyssum alyssoides pale alyssum Ambrosia chamissonis silver burweed Amelanchier alnifolia saskatoon Amerorchis rotundifolia round-leaved orchis Amsinckia menziesii small-flowered fiddleneck Anaphalis margaritacea pearly everlasting Andromeda polifolia bog-rosemary Androsace septentrionalis northern fairy-candelabra Anemone drummondii alpine anemone Anemone lyallii Lyall’s anemone Anemone multifida cut-leaved anemone Anemone narcissiflora narcissus anemone Anemone parviflora northern anemone Anemone richardsonii yellow anemone Angelica arguta sharptooth angelica Angelica genuflexa kneeling angelica Antennaria dimorpha low pussytoes Antennaria lanata woolly pussytoes Antennaria luzuloides woodrush pussytoes Antennaria microphylla rosy pussytoes Antennaria neglecta field pussytoes Antennaria parvifolia Nuttall’s pussytoes Antennaria pulcherrima ssp. anaphaloides tall pussytoes Antennaria pulcherrima ssp. pulcherrima showy pussytoes Antennaria racemosa racemose pussytoes Antennaria umbrinella umber pussytoes Anthemis arvensis corn chamomile Anthemis tinctoria yellow chamomile Anthoxanthum odoratum sweet vernalgrass Apocynum androsaemifolium spreading dogbane Apocynum cannabinum hemp dogbane Aquilegia brevistyla blue columbine Aquilegia flavescens yellow columbine Aquilegia formosa red columbine Arabis divaricarpa spreading-pod rockcress Arabis drummondii Drummond’s rockcress Arabis glabra tower mustard Arabis hirsuta hairy rockcress Arabis holboellii Holboell’s rockcress Arabis lyallii Lyall’s rockcress Arabis lyrata lyre-leaved rockcress Arabis sparsiflora sickle-pod rockcress

2 LATIN NAME COMMON NAME Aralia nudicaulis wild sarsaparilla Arbutus menziesii arbutus Arceuthobium campylopodum western dwarf mistletoe Arctagrostis latifolia polargrass Arctium lappa great burdock Arctium minus common burdock Arctostaphylos alpina alpine bearberry Arctostaphylos columbiana hairy manzanita Arctostaphylos rubra red bearberry Arctostaphylos uva-ursi kinnikinnick Arenaria capillaris thread-leaved sandwort Aristida longiseta red three-awn Armeria maritima thrift Arnica alpina alpine arnica Arnica amplexicaulis streambank arnica Arnica chamissonis meadow arnica Arnica cordifolia heart-leaved arnica Arnica fulgens orange arnica Arnica latifolia mountain arnica Arnica mollis hairy arnica Arnica parryi Parry’s arnica Arnica rydbergii Rydberg’s arnica Artemisia arctica mountain sagewort Artemisia campestris northern wormwood Artemisia dracunculus tarragon Artemisia frigida pasture sage Artemisia lindleyana Columbia mugwort Artemisia ludoviciana western mugwort Artemisia michauxiana Michaux’s mugwort Artemisia suksdorfii Suksdorf’s mugwort Artemisia tilesii Aleutian mugwort Artemisia tridentata big sagebrush Artemisia tripartita threetip sagebrush Aruncus dioicus goatsbeard Asarum caudatum wild ginger Asclepias speciosa showy milkweed Asparagus officinalis asparagus Asplenium trichomanes maidenhair spleenwort Asplenium viride green spleenwort Aster alpinus alpine aster Aster borealis rush aster Aster campestris meadow aster Aster ciliolatus fringed aster Aster conspicuus showy aster Aster eatonii Eaton’s aster Aster engelmannii Engelmann’s aster Aster foliaceus leafy aster Aster modestus great northern aster Aster occidentalis western aster Aster pansus tufted white prairie aster

3 LATIN NAME COMMON NAME Aster sibiricus arctic aster Aster subspicatus Douglas’ aster Astragalus aboriginum Indian milk-vetch Astragalus agrestis field milk-vetch Astragalus alpinus alpine milk-vetch Astragalus americanus American milk-vetch Astragalus beckwithii Weiser milk-vetch Astragalus canadensis Canada milk-vetch Astragalus collinus hillside milk-vetch Astragalus eucosmus elegant milk-vetch Astragalus filipes threadstalk milk-vetch Astragalus lotiflorus lotus milk-vetch Astragalus miser timber milk-vetch Astragalus purshii woollypod milk-vetch Astragalus robbinsii Robbins’ milk-vetch Astragalus tenellus pulse milk-vetch Athyrium filix-femina lady fern Aulacomnium palustre glow moss agrohordeum macounii Macoun’s wildrye

Balsamorhiza deltoidea deltoid balsamroot Balsamorhiza sagittata arrow-leaved balsamroot Barbilophozia lycopodioides common leafy liverwort Bartramia pomiformis apple moss Bassia hyssopifolia five-hooked bassia Beckmannia syzigachne sloughgrass Bellis perennis English daisy Betula glandulosa scrub birch Betula nana swamp birch Betula neoalaskana Alaska paper birch Betula occidentalis water birch Betula papyrifera paper birch Bidens cernua nodding beggarticks Bistorta bistortoides American bistort Bistorta vivipara alpine bistort Blechnum spicant deer fern Boschniakia hookeri groundcone Botrychium boreale northern grape fern Botrychium lunaria moonwort Botrychium multifidum leathery grape fern Botrychium virginianum rattlesnake fern Bouteloua gracilis blue grama Boykinia occidentalis coast boykinia Brachythecium albicans lawn moss Brasenia schreberi watershield Brassica rapa bird rape mustard Bromus anomalus nodding brome Bromus carinatus California brome Bromus ciliatus fringed brome Bromus inermis ssp. inermis smooth brome Bromus inermis ssp. pumpellianus pumpelly brome

4 LATIN NAME COMMON NAME Bromus mollis soft brome Bromus sitchensis Alaska brome Bromus tectorum cheatgrass Bromus vulgaris Columbia brome

Calamagrostis canadensis bluejoint Calamagrostis inexpansa narrow-spiked reedgrass Calamagrostis lapponica Lapland reedgrass Calamagrostis nutkaensis Pacific reedgrass Calamagrostis purpurascens purple reedgrass Calamagrostis rubescens pinegrass Calamagrostis scribneri Scribner’s reedgrass Calamagrostis stricta slimstem reedgrass Callitriche palustris spring water-starwort Calochortus apiculatus threespot mariposa lily Calochortus macrocarpus sagebrush mariposa lily Caltha leptosepala white marsh-marigold Caltha leptosepala var. biflora two-flowered white marsh-marigold Caltha leptosepala var. leptosepala alpine white marsh-marigold Calypso bulbosa fairyslipper Calystegia sepium hedge bindweed Calystegia soldanella beach bindweed Camassia leichtlinii great camas Camassia quamash common camas Camelina microcarpa little-podded falseflax Campanula lasiocarpa mountain harebell Campanula rotundifolia common harebell Campanula scouleri Scouler’s harebell Capsella bursa-pastoris shepherd’s purse Cardamine bellidifolia alpine bitter-cress Cardamine breweri Brewer’s bitter-cress Cardamine cordifolia heart-leaved bitter-cress Cardamine nuttallii Nuttall’s bitter-cress Cardamine occidentalis western bitter-cress Cardamine oligosperma little western bitter-cress Cardamine pensylvanica Pennsylvania bitter-cress Cardamine umbellata Siberian bitter-cress Carduus nutans nodding thistle Carex aenea bronze sedge Carex albonigra two-toned sedge Carex amplifolia bigleaf sedge Carex angustior narrow-leaved sedge Carex aperta Columbia sedge Carex aquatilis water sedge Carex arcta northern clustered sedge Carex atherodes awned sedge Carex athrostachya slender-beaked sedge Carex atrosquama black-scaled sedge Carex aurea golden sedge Carex bebbii Bebb’s sedge Carex bipartita two-parted sedge Carex breweri Brewer’s sedge

5 LATIN NAME COMMON NAME Carex brunnescens brownish sedge Carex buxbaumii Buxbaum’s sedge Carex canescens grey sedge Carex capillaris hairlike sedge Carex capitata capitate sedge Carex chordorrhiza cordroot sedge Carex concinna low northern sedge Carex concinnoides northwestern sedge Carex crawfordii Crawford’s sedge Carex cusickii Cusick’s sedge Carex deflexa bent sedge Carex deweyana Dewey’s sedge Carex diandra lesser panicled sedge Carex dioica ssp. gynocrates yellow bog sedge Carex disperma soft-leaved sedge Carex douglasii Douglas’ sedge Carex eburnea bristle-leaved sedge Carex enanderi Enander’s sedge Carex filifolia thread-leaved sedge Carex flava yellow-fruited sedge Carex foenea hay sedge Carex heleonastes Hudson Bay sedge Carex hendersonii Henderson’s sedge Carex hoodii Hood’s sedge Carex hystericina porcupine sedge Carex illota sheep sedge Carex interior inland sedge Carex laeviculmis smooth-stemmed sedge Carex lanuginosa woolly sedge Carex lasiocarpa slender sedge Carex lenticularis lens-fruited sedge Carex leporina harefoot sedge Carex leptalea bristle-stalked sedge Carex limosa shore sedge Carex livida pale sedge Carex loliacea ryegrass sedge Carex macloviana thick-headed sedge Carex macrochaeta large-awned sedge Carex media Scandinavian sedge Carex mertensii Mertens’ sedge Carex microchaeta small-awned sedge Carex microglochin few-seeded bog sedge Carex nardina spikenard sedge Carex nigricans black alpine sedge Carex obnupta slough sedge Carex obtusata blunt sedge Carex oederi green sedge Carex parryana Parry’s sedge Carex pauciflora few-flowered sedge Carex paupercula poor sedge Carex paysonis Payson’s sedge

6 LATIN NAME COMMON NAME Carex peckii Peck’s sedge Carex pensylvanica long-stoloned sedge Carex petasata pasture sedge Carex phaeocephala dunhead sedge Carex phyllomanica coastal stellate sedge Carex podocarpa short-stalked sedge Carex praeceptorum teacher’s sedge Carex praegracilis field sedge Carex prairea* prairie sedge Carex praticola meadow sedge Carex proposita Smokey Mountain sedge Carex pyrenaica Pyrenean sedge Carex raynoldsii Raynolds’ sedge Carex retrorsa long-bracted sedge Carex richardsonii Richardson’s sedge Carex rossii Ross’ sedge Carex rostrata beaked sedge Carex sartwellii Sartwell’s sedge Carex saxatilis russet sedge Carex saximontana Rocky Mountain sedge Carex scirpoidea single-spiked sedge Carex scopulorum Holm’s Rocky Mountain sedge Carex simulata* short-beaked sedge Carex sitchensis Sitka sedge Carex spectabilis showy sedge Carex sprengelii Sprengel’s sedge Carex stenophylla narrow-leaved sedge Carex stipata awl-fruited sedge Carex stylosa long-styled sedge Carex sychnocephala long-beaked sedge Carex tenera* tender sedge Carex tenuiflora sparse-leaved sedge Carex trisperma three-seeded sedge Carex vaginata sheathed sedge Carex vesicaria inflated sedge Cassiope lycopodioides club-moss mountain-heather Cassiope mertensiana white mountain-heather Cassiope stelleriana Alaskan mountain-heather Cassiope tetragona four-angled mountain-heather Castilleja angustifolia northwestern paintbrush Castilleja cervina deer paintbrush Castilleja cusickii Cusick’s paintbrush Castilleja hispida harsh paintbrush Castilleja hyetophila coastal red paintbrush Castilleja lutescens yellowish paintbrush Castilleja miniata common red paintbrush Castilleja parviflora small-flowered paintbrush Castilleja rhexifolia alpine paintbrush Castilleja sulphurea sulphur paintbrush Castilleja thompsonii Thompson’s paintbrush Ceanothus sanguineus redstem ceanothus

7 LATIN NAME COMMON NAME Ceanothus velutinus snowbrush Centaurea cyanus cornflower Centaurea diffusa diffuse knapweed Centaurea maculosa spotted knapweed Centaurea nigra black knapweed Centaurea repens Russian knapweed Cerastium arvense field chickweed Cerastium beeringianum Bering chickweed Cerastium fischerianum Fischer’s chickweed Cerastium fontanum mouse-ear chickweed Ceratophyllum demersum coontail Chaenactis douglasii hoary false yarrow Chamaecyparis nootkatensis yellow-cedar Chamaedaphne calyculata leatherleaf Chamaerhodos erecta chamaerhodos Chamomilla suaveolens pineapple weed Cheilanthes feei Fees’ lip fern Chenopodium album lamb’s-quarters Chenopodium capitatum strawberry-blite Chenopodium rubrum red goosefoot Chimaphila menziesii Menzies’ pipsissewa Chimaphila umbellata prince’s pine Chorispora tenella blue-mustard Chrysosplenium tetrandrum northern golden-saxifrage Chrysothamnus nauseosus rabbit-brush Cichorium intybus chicory Cicuta douglasii water-hemlock Cinna latifolia nodding wood-reed Circaea alpina enchanter’s nightshade Cirsium arvense Canada thistle Cirsium brevistylum short-styled thistle Cirsium edule edible thistle Cirsium hookerianum Hooker’s thistle Cirsium undulatum wavy-leaved thistle Cirsium vulgare bull thistle Cladina rangiferina reindeer lichen Cladothamnus pyroliflorus copperbush Clarkia pulchella pink fairies Claytonia cordifolia heart-leaved springbeauty Claytonia lanceolata western springbeauty Claytonia perfoliata miner’s-lettuce Claytonia sibirica Siberian miner’s-lettuce Clematis ligusticifolia white clematis Clematis occidentalis blue clematis Clintonia uniflora queen’s cup Collinsia grandiflora large-flowered blue-eyed Mary Collinsia parviflora small-flowered blue-eyed Mary Collomia grandiflora large-flowered collomia Collomia heterophylla vari-leaved collomia Collomia linearis narrow-leaved collomia

8 LATIN NAME COMMON NAME Comandra umbellata pale comandra Conium maculatum poison-hemlock Conyza canadensis horseweed Coptis aspleniifolia fern-leaved goldthread Coptis trifolia three-leaved goldthread Corallorhiza maculata spotted coralroot Corallorhiza maculata ssp. maculata spotted coralroot Corallorhiza maculata ssp. mertensiana western coralroot Corallorhiza striata striped coralroot Corallorhiza trifida yellow coralroot Cornus canadensis bunchberry Cornus nuttallii western flowering dogwood Cornus sericea red-osier dogwood Cornus unalaschkensis cordilleran bunchberry Corydalis aurea golden corydalis Corydalis pauciflora blue corydalis Corydalis sempervirens pink corydalis Corylus cornuta beaked hazelnut Crataegus columbiana red hawthorn Crataegus douglasii black hawthorn Crataegus monogyna common hawthorn Crepis atrabarba slender hawksbeard Crepis capillaris smooth hawksbeard Crepis elegans elegant hawksbeard Crepis intermedia gray hawksbeard Crepis occidentalis western hawksbeard Crepis tectorum annual hawksbeard Cryptogramma crispa parsley fern Cynoglossum boreale northern hound’s-tongue Cynoglossum officinale common hound’s-tongue Cynosurus echinatus hedgehog dogtail Cypripedium calceolus yellow ladyslipper Cypripedium passerinum sparrow’s-egg ladyslipper Cypripedium montanum mountain ladyslipper Cystopteris fragilis fragile fern Cystopteris montana mountain bladder fern Cytisus scoparius Scotch broom

Dactylis glomerata orchardgrass Danthonia californica California oatgrass Danthonia canadensis Canadian oatgrass Danthonia intermedia* timber oatgrass Danthonia sericea downy oatgrass Danthonia spicata poverty oatgrass Daucus carota wild carrot Daucus pusillus American wild carrot Delphinium bicolor Montana larkspur Delphinium glaucum tall larkspur Delphinium menziesii Menzies’ larkspur Delphinium nuttallianum upland larkspur Deschampsia cespitosa tufted hairgrass

9 LATIN NAME COMMON NAME Deschampsia elongata slender hairgrass Descurainia pinnata western tansymustard Descurainia richardsonii Richardson’s tansymustard Descurainia sophia flixweed Dicentra formosa bleeding heart Dicentra uniflora steer’s head Dicranum fuscescens curly heron’s-bill moss Dicranum polysetum wavy-leaved moss Dicranum scoparium broom moss Dicranum tauricum broken-leaf moss Digitalis purpurea foxglove Disporum hookeri Hooker’s fairybells Disporum smithii Smith’s fairybells Disporum trachycarpum rough-fruited fairybells Distichlis spicata seashore saltgrass Distichlis stricta alkali saltgrass Dodecatheon conjugens slimpod shootingstar Dodecatheon hendersonii broad-leaved shootingstar Dodecatheon jeffreyi Jeffrey’s shootingstar Dodecatheon pulchellum few-flowered shootingstar Draba aurea golden draba Draba cana lance-leaved draba Draba cinerea gray-leaved draba Draba crassifolia thick-leaved draba Draba densifolia Nuttall’s draba Draba glabella smooth draba Draba incerta Yellowstone draba Draba lonchocarpa lance-fruited draba Draba nemorosa woods draba Draba oligosperma few-seeded draba Draba paysonii Payson’s draba Draba praealta tall draba Draba reptans* Carolina draba Draba stenoloba Alaska draba Dracocephalum parviflorum American dragonhead Drepanocladus uncinatus sickle moss Drosera anglica long-leaved sundew Drosera rotundifolia round-leaved sundew Dryas drummondii yellow mountain-avens Dryas integrifolia entire-leaved mountain-avens Dryas octopetala white mountain-avens Dryopteris assimilis spiny wood fern Dryopteris filix-mas male fern Dryopteris fragrans fragrant shield fern

Echium vulgare viper’s bugloss Elaeagnus commutata wolf-willow Eleocharis acicularis needle spike-rush Eleocharis ovata blunt spike-rush Eleocharis palustris common spike-rush Eleocharis quinqueflora few-flowered spike-rush

10 LATIN NAME COMMON NAME Eleocharis rostellata beaked spike-rush Elymus canadensis Canada wildrye Elymus cinereus giant wildrye Elymus glaucus blue wildrye Elymus hirsutus hairy wildrye Elymus innovatus fuzzy-spiked wildrye Elymus mollis dune wildrye Empetrum nigrum crowberry Epilobium anagallidifolium alpine willowherb Epilobium angustifolium fireweed Epilobium ciliatum purple-leaved willowherb Epilobium glaberrimum smooth willowherb Epilobium glandulosum sticky willowherb Epilobium hornemannii Hornemann’s willowherb Epilobium latifolium broad-leaved willowherb Epilobium luteum yellow willowherb Epilobium minutum small-flowered willowherb Epilobium palustre swamp willowherb Equisetum arvense common horsetail Equisetum fluviatile swamp horsetail Equisetum hyemale scouring-rush Equisetum laevigatum smooth scouring-rush Equisetum palustre marsh horsetail Equisetum pratense meadow horsetail Equisetum scirpoides dwarf scouring-rush Equisetum sylvaticum wood horsetail Equisetum telmateia giant horsetail Equisetum variegatum northern scouring-rush Erigeron acris bitter fleabane Erigeron aureus golden fleabane Erigeron caespitosus tufted fleabane Erigeron compositus cut-leaved daisy Erigeron corymbosus long-leaved fleabane Erigeron divergens spreading fleabane Erigeron filifolius thread-leaved fleabane Erigeron flagellaris trailing fleabane Erigeron glabellus smooth daisy Erigeron grandiflorus large-flowered daisy Erigeron linearis line-leaved fleabane Erigeron lonchophyllus spear-leaved fleabane Erigeron peregrinus subalpine daisy Erigeron philadelphicus Philadelphia fleabane Erigeron pumilus shaggy fleabane Erigeron speciosus showy fleabane Erigeron strigosus rough-stemmed fleabane Eriogonum flavum yellow buckwheat Eriogonum heracleoides parsnip-flowered buckwheat Eriogonum niveum snow buckwheat Eriogonum ovalifolium cushion buckwheat Eriogonum umbellatum sulfur buckwheat

11 LATIN NAME COMMON NAME Eriophorum angustifolium narrow-leaved cotton-grass Eriophorum brachyantherum short-anthered cotton-grass Eriophorum chamissonis Chamisso’s cotton-grass Eriophorum gracile slender cotton-grass Eriophorum scheuchzeri Scheuchzer’s cotton-grass Eriophorum vaginatum sheathed cotton-grass Eriophorum viridicarinatum green-keeled cotton-grass Eriophyllum lanatum woolly eriophyllum Erodium cicutarium stork’s-bill Erophila verna spring whitlow-grass Erysimum asperum prairie rocket Erysimum cheiranthoides wormseed mustard Erysimum inconspicuum small wallflower Erythronium grandiflorum glacier lily Erythronium oregonum white fawn lily Erythronium revolutum pink fawn lily Euphorbia esula leafy spurge

Fauria crista-galli deer-cabbage Festuca altaica Altai fescue Festuca arundinacea tall fescue Festuca baffinensis Baffin fescue Festuca brachyphylla alpine fescue Festuca idahoensis Idaho fescue Festuca occidentalis western fescue Festuca pratensis meadow fescue Festuca rubra red fescue Festuca saximontana Rocky Mountain fescue Festuca scabrella rough fescue Festuca subulata bearded fescue Festuca subuliflora crinkle-awned fescue Festuca viridula green fescue Fragaria chiloensis coastal strawberry Fragaria vesca wood strawberry Fragaria virginiana wild strawberry Fragaria virginiana ssp. glauca blue-leaved strawberry Fritillaria camschatcensis northern rice-root Fritillaria lanceolata chocolate lily Fritillaria pudica yellow bell

Gaillardia aristata brown-eyed Susan Galeopsis tetrahit common hemp-nettle Galium aparine cleavers Galium boreale northern bedstraw Galium cymosum Pacific bedstraw Galium kamtschaticum boreal bedstraw Galium trifidum small bedstraw Galium triflorum sweet-scented bedstraw Gaultheria hispidula creeping-snowberry Gaultheria humifusa alpine-wintergreen

12 LATIN NAME COMMON NAME Gaultheria ovatifolia western tea-berry Gaultheria shallon salal Gentiana affinis prairie gentian Gentiana calycosa mountain bog gentian Gentiana douglasiana swamp gentian Gentiana glauca glaucous gentian Gentiana platypetala broad-petalled gentian Gentiana prostrata moss gentian Gentiana sceptrum king gentian Gentianella amarella northern gentian Gentianella propinqua four-parted gentian Gentianella tenella slender gentian Geocaulon lividum bastard toad-flax Geranium bicknellii Bicknell’s geranium Geranium carolinianum Carolina geranium Geranium erianthum northern geranium Geranium molle dovefoot geranium Geranium richardsonii white geranium Geranium robertianum Robert geranium Geranium viscosissimum sticky geranium Geum aleppicum yellow avens Geum calthifolium caltha-leaved avens Geum macrophyllum large-leaved avens Geum perincisum sharp-toothed avens Geum rivale water avens Geum rossii Ross’ avens Geum schofieldii Queen Charlotte avens Geum triflorum old man’s whiskers Gilia capitata globe gilia Glaux maritima sea-milkwort Glyceria borealis northern mannagrass Glyceria elata tall mannagrass Glyceria grandis reed mannagrass Glyceria occidentalis western mannagrass Glyceria striata fowl mannagrass Gnaphalium chilense cotton-batting cudweed Gnaphalium purpureum purple cudweed Gnaphalium uliginosum marsh cudweed Goodyera oblongifolia rattlesnake-plantain Goodyera repens dwarf rattlesnake orchid Grindelia integrifolia Puget Sound gumweed Grindelia nana low gumweed Grindelia squarrosa curly-cup gumweed Gymnocarpium dryopteris oak fern

Hackelia arida sagebrush stickseed Hackelia deflexa nodding stickseed Hackelia diffusa spreading stickseed Hackelia floribunda many-flowered stickseed Hackelia micrantha blue stickseed Haplopappus lyallii Lyall’s goldenweed Hedysarum alpinum alpine hedysarum

13 LATIN NAME COMMON NAME Hedysarum boreale northern hedysarum Hedysarum sulphurescens yellow hedysarum Hemitomes congestum gnome-plant Heracleum sphondylium cow-parnsip Heterotheca villosa hairy golden-aster Heuchera chlorantha meadow alumroot Heuchera cylindrica round-leaved alumroot Heuchera glabra smooth alumroot Heuchera micrantha small-flowered alumroot Hieracium albertinum western hawkweed Hieracium albiflorum white-flowered hawkweed Hieracium aurantiacum orange hawkweed Hieracium canadense Canada hawkweed Hieracium cynoglossoides hound’s-tongue hawkweed Hieracium gracile slender hawkweed Hieracium scouleri Scouler’s hawkweed Hieracium triste woolly hawkweed Hieracium umbellatum narrow-leaved hawkweed Hierochloe alpina alpine sweetgrass Hierochloe odorata common sweetgrass Hippuris vulgaris mare’s-tail Holcus lanatus Yorkshire fog Holodiscus discolor ocean-spray Honkenya peploides seabeach sandwort Hordeum brachyantherum meadow barley Hordeum jubatum foxtail barley Huperzia selago fir clubmoss Hydrophyllum capitatum bullhead waterleaf Hydrophyllum tenuipes Pacific waterleaf Hylocomium splendens step moss Hypericum anagalloides bog St. John’s-wort Hypericum formosum western St. John’s-wort Hypericum perforatum common St. John’s-wort Hypochaeris glabra smooth cat’s-ear Hypochaeris radicata hairy cat’s-ear Hypopitys monotropa pinesap Impatiens aurella orange touch-me-not Impatiens capensis spotted touch-me-not Impatiens ecalcarata spurless touch-me-not Impatiens glandulifera policeman’s helmet Impatiens noli-tangere common touch-me-not Ipomopsis aggregata scarlet gilia Iris missouriensis western blue iris Iris pseudacorus yellow iris Isopterygium elegans elegant moss Isothecium spiculiferum variable moss

Juncus acuminatus tapered rush Juncus alpinoarticulatus alpine rush Juncus arcticus arctic rush

14 LATIN NAME COMMON NAME Juncus articulatus jointed rush Juncus bolanderi Bolander’s rush Juncus bufonius toad rush Juncus castaneus chestnut rush Juncus confusus Colorado rush Juncus drummondii Drummond’s rush Juncus effusus common rush Juncus ensifolius dagger-leaved rush Juncus filiformis thread rush Juncus gerardii mud rush Juncus kelloggii Kellogg’s rush Juncus longistylis long-styled rush Juncus mertensianus ssp. mertensianus Mertens’ rush Juncus mertensianus ssp. gracilis Nevada rush Juncus nodosus tuberous rush Juncus parryi Parry’s rush Juncus tenuis slender rush Juncus torreyi Torry’s rush Juncus triglumis three-flowered rush Juncus vaseyi Vasey’s rush Juniperus communis common juniper Juniperus horizontalis creeping juniper Juniperus scopulorum Rocky Mountain juniper

Kalmia microphylla spp. microphylla alpine bog-laurel Kalmia microphylla ssp. occidentalis bog-laurel Kobresia myosuroides Bellard’s kobresia Kobresia simpliciuscula simple kobresia Koeleria macrantha junegrass

Lactuca biennis tall blue lettuce Lactuca tatarica ssp. pulchella blue lettuce Lamium amplexicaule common dead-nettle Lappula redowskii western stickseed Lappula squarrosa bristly stickseed Larix laricina tamarack Larix lyallii alpine larch Larix occidentalis western larch Lathyrus japonicus beach pea Lathyrus latifolius broad-leaved peavine Lathyrus nevadensis purple peavine Lathyrus ochroleucus creamy peavine Ledum glandulosum trapper’s tea Ledum groenlandicum Labrador tea Ledum palustre northern Labrador tea Lemna minor common duckweed Lemna trisulca ivy-leaved duckweed Lepidium bourgeauanum branched pepper-grass Lepidium densiflorum prairie pepper-grass

15 LATIN NAME COMMON NAME Lepidium perfoliatum clasping-leaved pepper-grass Lepidium virginicum tall pepper-grass Leptarrhena pyrolifolia leatherleaf saxifrage Lesquerella douglasii Columbia bladderpod Leucanthemum vulgare oxeye daisy Leucolepis menziesii palm tree moss Lewisia pygmaea alpine lewisia Lewisia rediviva bitterroot Ligusticum calderi Calder’s lovage Ligusticum canbyi Canby’s lovage Ligusticum grayi Gray’s lovage Lilaeopsis occidentalis western lilaeopsis Lilium columbianum tiger lily Lilium philadelphicum wood lily Linanthus harknessii Harkness’ flaxflower Linanthus septentrionalis northern flaxflower Linaria dalmatica dalmatian toadflax Linaria vulgare butter-and-eggs Linnaea borealis twinflower Linum lewisii wild blue flax Listera borealis northern twayblade Listera caurina northwestern twayblade Listera convallarioides broad-leaved twayblade Listera cordata heart-leaved twayblade Lithophragma glabrum smooth woodland star Lithophragma parviflorum small-flowered woodland star Lithophragma tenellum slender woodland star Lithospermum incisum yellow gromwell Lithospermum ruderale lemonweed Lloydia serotina alp lily Lobaria pulmonaria lungwort Lobelia dortmanna water lobelia Loiseleuria procumbens alpine-azalea Lolium perenne perennial ryegrass Lomatium ambiguum swale desert-parsley Lomatium dissectum fern-leaved desert-parsley Lomatium geyeri Geyer’s desert-parsley Lomatium gormanii Gorman’s desert-parsley Lomatium macrocarpum large-fruited desert-parsley Lomatium nudicaule barestem desert-parsley Lomatium triternatum narrow-leaved desert-parsley Lomatium utriculatum spring gold Lonicera ciliosa western trumpet honeysuckle Lonicera dioica red honeysuckle Lonicera hispidula hairy honeysuckle Lonicera involucrata black twinberry Lonicera utahensis Utah honeysuckle Lotus corniculatus birds-foot trefoil Lotus denticulatus meadow birds-foot trefoil Luetkea pectinata partridgefoot

16 LATIN NAME COMMON NAME Lupinus arcticus arctic lupine Lupinus bicolor two-coloured lupine Lupinus burkei bigleaf lupine Lupinus lepidus prairie lupine Lupinus littoralis seashore lupine Lupinus nootkatensis Nootka lupine Lupinus polyphyllus large-leaved lupine Lupinus sericeus silky lupine Lupinus sulphureus sulphur lupine Luzula arctica arctic woodrush Luzula arcuata curved alpine woodrush Luzula hitchcockii smooth woodrush Luzula multiflora many-flowered woodrush Luzula parviflora small-flowered woodrush Luzula piperi Piper’s woodrush Luzula spicata spiked woodrush Luzula wahlenbergii Wahlenberg’s woodrush Lychnis coronaria rose campion Lycopodium alpinum alpine clubmoss Lycopodium annotinum stiff clubmoss Lycopodium clavatum running clubmoss Lycopodium complanatum ground-cedar Lycopodium obscurum ground-pine Lycopodium sitchense Alaska clubmoss Lygodesmia juncea rush-like skeletonplant Lysichiton americanum skunk cabbage Lysimachia thyrsiflora tufted loosestrife

Madia exigua little tarweed Madia glomerata clustered tarweed Madia gracilis slender tarweed Madia madioides woodland tarweed Mahonia aquifolium tall Oregon-grape Mahonia nervosa dull Oregon-grape Mahonia repens creeping Oregon-grape Maianthemum canadense wild lily-of-the-valley Maianthemum dilatatum false lily-of-the-valley Malus fusca Pacific crab apple Matteuccia struthiopteris ostrich fern Medicago lupulina black medic Medicago sativa alfalfa Melampyrum lineare cow-wheat Melica bulbosa oniongrass Melica smithii Smith’s melic Melica subulata Alaska oniongrass Melilotus alba white sweet-clover Melilotus officinalis yellow sweet-clover Mentha arvensis field mint Mentha spicata spearmint

17 LATIN NAME COMMON NAME Mentzelia albicaulis small-flowered mentzelia Mentzelia laevicaulis blazing-star Menyanthes trifoliata buckbean Menziesia ferruginea false azalea Mertensia longiflora long-flowered bluebells Mertensia maritima sea bluebells Mertensia paniculata tall bluebells Microseris borealis apargidium Microseris nutans nodding microseris Microsteris gracilis pink twink Mimulus alsinoides chickweed monkey-flower Mimulus floribundus purple-stemmed monkey-flower Mimulus guttatus yellow monkey-flower Mimulus guttatus ssp. guttatus yellow monkey-flower Mimulus guttatus ssp. haidensis Haida monkey-flower Mimulus lewisii pink monkey-flower Mimulus moschatus musk-flower Mimulus tilingii mountain monkey-flower Minuartia biflora mountain sandwort Minuartia nuttallii Nuttall’s sandwort Minuartia obtusiloba alpine sandwort Minuartia rossii northern sandwort Minuartia rubella boreal sandwort Minuartia tenella slender sandwort Mitella breweri Brewer’s mitrewort Mitella nuda common mitrewort Mitella ovalis oval-leaved mitrewort Mitella pentandra five-stamened mitrewort Mitella trifida three-toothed mitrewort Mnium leafy moss Mnium spinulosum red-mouthed leafy moss Moehringia lateriflora blunt-leaved sandwort Moehringia macrophylla big-leaved sandwort Monarda fistulosa var. mollis wild bergamot Monarda menthifolia mint-leaved bergamot Moneses uniflora single delight Monotropa uniflora Indian-pipe Montia chamissoi Chamisso’s montia Montia fontana blinks Montia linearis narrow-leaved montia Montia parvifolia small-leaved montia Muhlenbergia asperifolia alkali muhly Muhlenbergia filiformis slender muhly Muhlenbergia glomerata marsh muhly Muhlenbergia richardsonis mat muhly Mycelis muralis wall-lettuce Myosotis arvensis field forget-me-not Myosotis asiatica mountain forget-me-not Myosotis laxa small-flowered forget-me-not Myosotis scorpioides common forget-me-not Myosotis stricta blue forget-me-not

18 LATIN NAME COMMON NAME Myosotis sylvatica wood forget-me-not Myosotis verna spring forget-me-not Myosurus aristatus bristly mousetail Myrica gale sweet gale Myriophyllum spicatum var. exalbescens northern spiked water-milfoil Nemophila breviflora Great Basin nemophila Nemophila menziesii baby-blue-eyes Nuphar lutea yellow waterlily Nymphaea odorata fragrant waterlily Nymphaea tetragona pygmy waterlily

Oemleria cerasiformis Indian-plum Oenanthe sarmentosa water-parsley Oenothera depressa yellow evening-primrose Oenothera pallida pale evening-primrose Onobrychis viciifolia sainfoin Oplopanax horridus devil’s club Opuntia fragilis brittle prickly-pear cactus Opuntia polyacantha plains prickly-pear cactus Orobanche californica California broomrape Orobanche fasciculata clustered broomrape Orobanche uniflora naked broomrape Orthilia secunda one-sided wintergreen Orthocarpus bracteosus rosy owl-clover Orthocarpus luteus yellow owl-clover Orthocarpus tenuifolius thin-leaved owl-clover Oryzopsis asperifolia rough-leaved ricegrass Oryzopsis exigua little ricegrass Oryzopsis micrantha little-seeded ricegrass Oryzopsis pungens short-awned ricegrass Osmorhiza chilensis mountain sweet-cicely Osmorhiza depauperata blunt-fruited sweet-cicely Osmorhiza occidentalis western sweet-cicely Osmorhiza purpurea purple sweet-cicely Oxyria digyna mountain sorrel Oxytropis campestris field locoweed Oxytropis deflexa pendant-podded locoweed Oxytropis nigrescens blackish locoweed Oxytropis podocarpa stalked-pod locoweed Oxytropis sericea silky locoweed Oxytropis splendens showy locoweed

Panicum capillare common witchgrass Panicum occidentale western witchgrass Panicum oligosanthes Scribner’s witchgrass Parnassia fimbriata fringed grass-of-Parnassus Parnassia kotzebuei Kotzebue’s grass-of-Parnassus Parnassia palustris northern grass-of-Parnassus Parnassia parviflora small-flowered grass-of-Parnassus Paxistima myrsinites falsebox

19 LATIN NAME COMMON NAME Pedicularis bracteosa bracted lousewort Pedicularis capitata capitate lousewort Pedicularis contorta coil-beaked lousewort Pedicularis groenlandica elephant’s head Pedicularis labradorica Labrador lousewort Pedicularis langsdorfii Langsdorf’s lousewort Pedicularis macrodonta boreal lousewort Pedicularis ornithorhyncha bird’s-beak lousewort Pedicularis parviflora small-flowered lousewort Pedicularis racemosa sickletop lousewort Pellaea glabella smooth cliff-brake Peltigera canina dog lichen Penstemon albertinus Alberta penstemon Penstemon attenuatus taper-leaved penstemon Penstemon confertus yellow penstemon Penstemon davidsonii Davidson’s penstemon Penstemon ellipticus oval-leaved penstemon Penstemon eriantherus fuzzy-tongued penstemon Penstemon fruticosus shrubby penstemon Penstemon nemorosus woodland penstemon Penstemon ovatus broad-leaved penstemon Penstemon procerus small-flowered penstemon Penstemon serrulatus coast penstemon Perideridia gairdneri yampah Petasites frigidus sweet coltsfoot Petasites nivalis arctic coltsfoot Petasites palmatus palmate coltsfoot Petasites sagittatus arrow-leaved coltsfoot Phacelia franklinii Franklin’s phacelia Phacelia hastata silverleaf phacelia Phacelia heterophylla varileaf phacelia Phacelia leptosepala narrow-sepaled phacelia Phacelia linearis thread-leaved phacelia Phacelia sericea silky phacelia Phalaris arundinacea reed canarygrass Phalaris canariensis canarygrass Philadelphus lewisii mock-orange Philonotis fontana spring moss Phleum alpinum alpine timothy Phleum pratense timothy Phlox caespitosa tufted phlox Phlox diffusa spreading phlox Phlox longifolia long-leaved phlox Phlox speciosa showy phlox Phragmites australis common reed Phyllodoce empetriformis pink mountain-heather Phyllodoce glanduliflora yellow mountain-heather Physocarpus capitatus Pacific ninebark Physocarpus malvaceus mallow ninebark Picea engelmannii Engelmann spruce

20 LATIN NAME COMMON NAME Picea glauca white spruce Picea glauca x engelmannii hybrid white spruce Picea mariana black spruce Picea sitchensis Sitka spruce Picea sitchensis x glauca (= P. x lutzii) Roche spruce Pinguicula vulgaris butterwort Pinus albicaulis whitebark pine Pinus banksiana jack pine Pinus contorta var. contorta shore pine Pinus contorta var. latifolia lodgepole pine Pinus flexilis limber pine Pinus monticola western white pine Pinus ponderosa ponderosa pine / yellow pine Plagiobothrys scouleri Scouler’s popcornflower Plagiothecium undulatum flat moss Plantago elongata slender plantain Plantago lanceolata ribwort plantain Plantago major common plantain Plantago patagonica Indian-wheat Platanthera chorisiana small bog-orchid Platanthera dilatata white bog-orchid Platanthera hyperborea green-flowered bog-orchid Platanthera obtusata one-leaved rein-orchid Platanthera orbiculata round-leaved rein-orchid Platanthera stricta slender bog-orchid Platanthera unalascensis Alaska rein-orchid Plectritis congesta sea blush Pleurozium schreberi red-stemmed feathermoss Poa alpina alpine bluegrass Poa annua annual bluegrass Poa arctica arctic bluegrass Poa bulbosa bulbous bluegrass Poa canbyi Canby’s bluegrass Poa compressa Canada bluegrass Poa cusickii Cusick’s bluegrass Poa fendleriana muttongrass Poa glauca glaucous bluegrass Poa glaucifolia pale-leaved bluegrass Poa gracillima Pacific bluegrass Poa incurva curly bluegrass Poa interior inland bluegrass Poa juncifolia alkali bluegrass Poa lanata hairy bluegrass Poa laxiflora lax-flowered bluegrass Poa leptocoma bog bluegrass Poa lettermanii Letterman’s bluegrass Poa nemoralis wood bluegrass Poa nervosa Wheeler’s bluegrass Poa nevadensis Nevada bluegrass Poa palustris fowl bluegrass

21 LATIN NAME COMMON NAME Poa pattersonii Patterson’s bluegrass Poa pratensis Kentucky bluegrass Poa reflexa nodding bluegrass Poa rupicola timberline bluegrass Poa sandbergii Sandberg’s bluegrass Poa stenantha Trinius’ bluegrass Poa trivialis roughstalk bluegrass Polemonium boreale northern Jacob’s-ladder Polemonium caeruleum tall Jacob’s-ladder Polemonium elegans elegant Jacob’s-ladder Polemonium micranthum annual Jacob’s-ladder Polemonium pulcherrimum showy Jacob’s-ladder Polemonium viscosum sticky Jacob’s-ladder Polygonum amphibium water smartweed Polygonum aviculare prostrate knotweed Polygonum douglasii Douglas’ knotweed Polygonum fowleri Fowler’s knotweed Polygonum hydropiper marshpepper smartweed Polygonum hydropiperoides swamp smartweed Polygonum kelloggii Kellogg’s knotweed Polygonum majus wiry knotweed Polygonum minimum leafy dwarf knotweed Polygonum nuttallii Nuttall’s knotweed Polygonum paronychia beach knotweed Polygonum persicaria lady’s-thumb Polygonum ramosissimum yellow-flowered knotweed Polygonum spergulariiforme spurry knotweed Polypodium glycyrrhiza licorice fern Polypodium hesperium western polypody Polypodium montense Pacific polypody Polypodium scouleri leatherleaf polypody Polystichum braunii Braun’s holly fern Polystichum lonchitis mountain holly fern Polystichum munitum sword fern Polytrichum juniperinum juniper haircap moss Polytrichum piliferum awned haircap moss Populus balsamifera poplar Populus balsamifera ssp. balsamifera balsam poplar Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa black cottonwood Populus tremuloides trembling aspen Potamogeton alpinus northern pondweed Potamogeton epihydrus ribbon-leaved pondweed Potamogeton filiformis slender-leaved pondweed Potamogeton foliosus closed-leaved pondweed Potamogeton gramineus grass-leaved pondweed Potamogeton natans floating-leaved pondweed Potamogeton nodosus long-leaved pondweed Potamogeton pectinatus fennel-leaved pondweed Potamogeton pusillus small pondweed Potamogeton robbinsii Robbin’s pondweed

22 LATIN NAME COMMON NAME Potamogeton vaginatus sheathed pondweed Potamogeton zosteriformis eel-grass pondweed Potentilla anserina silverweed Potentilla argentea silvery cinquefoil Potentilla arguta white cinquefoil Potentilla diversifolia diverse-leaved cinquefoil Potentilla drummondii Drummond’s cinquefoil Potentilla flabellifolia fan-leaved cinquefoil Potentilla fruticosa shrubby cinquefoil Potentilla glandulosa sticky cinquefoil Potentilla gracilis graceful cinquefoil Potentilla hippiana woolly cinquefoil Potentilla hookeriana Hooker’s cinquefoil Potentilla hyparctica arctic cinquefoil Potentilla nivea snow cinquefoil Potentilla norvegica Norwegian cinquefoil Potentilla ovina sheep cinquefoil Potentilla palustris marsh cinquefoil Potentilla pensylvanica prairie cinquefoil Potentilla quinquefolia five-leaved cinquefoil Potentilla rivalis brook cinquefoil Potentilla uniflora one-flowered cinquefoil Potentilla villosa villous cinquefoil Prenanthes alata western rattlesnake-root Prenanthes racemosa purple rattlesnake-root Prunella vulgaris self-heal Prunus emarginata bitter cherry Prunus pensylvanica pin cherry Prunus virginiana choke cherry Pseudotsuga menziesii Douglas-fir Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca interior Douglas-fir Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii coast Douglas-fir Pteridium aquilinum bracken Pterospora andromedea pinedrops Ptilium crista-castrensis knight’s plume Puccinellia borealis northern alkaligrass Puccinellia distans weeping alkaligrass Puccinellia interior inland alkaligrass Puccinellia nutkaensis Pacific alkaligrass Puccinellia nuttalliana Nuttall’s alkaligrass Puccinellia pumila dwarf alkaligrass Pulsatilla occidentalis western pasqueflower Pulsatilla patens ssp. multifida prairie crocus Purshia tridentata antelope-brush Pyrola asarifolia pink wintergreen Pyrola chlorantha green wintergreen Pyrola dentata Nootka wintergreen Pyrola elliptica white wintergreen Pyrola grandiflora arctic wintergreen Pyrola minor lesser wintergreen Pyrola picta white-veined wintergreen

23 LATIN NAME COMMON NAME Quercus garryana Garry oak

Ranunculus abortivus kidney-leaved buttercup Ranunculus acris meadow buttercup Ranunculus amphibius stiff-leaved water-buttercup Ranunculus aquatilis white water-buttercup Ranunculus cardiophyllus heart-leaved buttercup Ranunculus cooleyae Cooley’s buttercup Ranunculus cymbalaria shore buttercup Ranunculus eschscholtzii subalpine buttercup Ranunculus flabellaris yellow water-buttercup Ranunculus flammula lesser spearwort Ranunculus glaberrimus sagebrush buttercup Ranunculus gmelinii small yellow water-buttercup Ranunculus hyperboreus far-northern buttercup Ranunculus inamoenus unlovely buttercup Ranunculus lapponicus Lapland buttercup Ranunculus macounii Macoun’s buttercup Ranunculus nivalis snow buttercup Ranunculus occidentalis western buttercup Ranunculus orthorhynchus straight-beaked buttercup Ranunculus pedatifidus birdfoot buttercup Ranunculus pensylvanicus Pensylvania buttercup Ranunculus repens creeping buttercup Ranunculus reptans spear-leaved buttercup Ranunculus sceleratus celery-leaved buttercup Ranunculus uncinatus little buttercup Ranunculus verecundus modest buttercup Rhacomitrium canescens grey frayed-cap moss Rhamnus alnifolius alder-leaved buckthorn Rhamnus purshianus cascara Rhinanthus minor yellow rattle Rhododendron albiflorum white-flowered rhododendron Rhododendron lapponicum Lapland rosebay Rhododendron macrophyllum Pacific rhododendron Rhus glabra sumac Rhynchospora alba beak-sedge Rhytidiadelphus loreus lanky moss Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus bent-leaf moss Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus electrified cat’s-tail moss Rhytidiopsis robusta pipecleaner moss Ribes bracteosum stink currant Ribes cereum squaw currant Ribes divaricatum wild gooseberry Ribes glandulosum skunk currant Ribes howellii maple-leaved currant Ribes hudsonianum northern black currant Ribes inerme white-stemmed gooseberry Ribes irriguum Idaho gooseberry Ribes lacustre black gooseberry

24 LATIN NAME COMMON NAME Ribes laxiflorum trailing black currant Ribes lobbii gummy gooseberry Ribes montigenum mountain gooseberry Ribes oxyacanthoides northern gooseberry Ribes sanguineum red-flowering currant Ribes triste red swamp currant Ribes viscosissimum sticky currant Ricciocarpos natans floating liverwort Robinia pseudoacacia black locust Romanzoffia sitchensis Sitka mistmaiden Rorippa curvipes blunt-leaved yellow cress Rorippa sylvestris creeping yellow cress Rosa acicularis prickly rose Rosa gymnocarpa baldhip rose Rosa nutkana Nootka rose Rosa pisocarpa clustered wild rose Rosa woodsii prairie rose Rubus arcticus dwarf nagoonberry Rubus chamaemorus cloudberry Rubus discolor Himalayan blackberry Rubus idaeus red raspberry Rubus laciniatus evergreen blackberry Rubus leucodermis black raspberry Rubus nivalis snow bramble Rubus parviflorus thimbleberry Rubus pedatus five-leaved bramble Rubus pubescens trailing raspberry Rubus spectabilis salmonberry Rubus ursinus trailing blackberry Rumex acetosa garden sorrel Rumex acetosella sour weed Rumex crispus curly dock Rumex maritimus golden dock Rumex obtusifolius broad-leaved dock Rumex occidentalis western dock

Sagina saginoides arctic pearlwort Sagittaria latifolia wapato Salicornia europaea European glasswort Salicornia europaea ssp. europaea green European glasswort Salicornia europaea ssp. rubra red European glasswort Salix alaxensis Alaska willow Salix amygdaloides peach-leaf willow Salix arbusculoides northern bush willow Salix arctica arctic willow Salix athabascensis Athabasca willow Salix barclayi Barclay’s willow Salix barrattiana Barratt’s willow Salix bebbiana Bebb’s willow Salix brachycarpa short-fruited willow Salix candida hoary willow

25 LATIN NAME COMMON NAME Salix cascadensis Cascade willow Salix commutata variable willow Salix discolor pussy willow Salix drummondiana Drummond’s willow Salix exigua coyote willow Salix farriae Farr’s willow Salix geyeriana Geyer’s willow Salix glauca grey-leaved willow Salix hookeriana Hooker’s willow Salix interior sandbar willow Salix lanata woolly willow Salix lasiandra Pacific willow Salix maccalliana Maccall’s willow Salix mackenzieana Mackenzie’s willow Salix myrtillifolia bilberry willow Salix novae-angliae New England willow Salix pedicellaris bog willow Salix planifolia tea-leaved willow Salix polaris polar willow Salix pseudomonticola mountain willow Salix pyrifolia balsam willow Salix reticulata netted willow Salix reticulata ssp. nivalis snow willow Salix scouleriana Scouler’s willow Salix sessilifolia soft-leaved willow Salix sitchensis Sitka willow Salix stolonifera stoloniferous willow Salix vestita rock willow Salsola kali Russian thistle Sambucus cerulea blue elderberry Sambucus racemosa red elderberry Sanguisorba annua annual burnet Sanguisorba canadensis Sitka burnet Sanguisorba menziesii Menzies’ burnet Sanguisorba officinalis great burnet Sanicula crassicaulis Pacific sanicle Sanicula graveolens Sierra sanicle Sanicula marilandica black snake-root Sarracenia purpurea pitcher-plant Satureja douglasii yerba buena Saxifraga adcendens wedge-leaved saxifrage Saxifraga aizoides evergreen saxifrage Saxifraga bronchialis spotted saxifrage Saxifraga cernua nodding saxifrage Saxifraga cespitosa tufted saxifrage Saxifraga ferruginea Alaska saxifrage Saxifraga flagellaris stoloniferous saxifrage Saxifraga integrifolia grassland saxifrage Saxifraga lyallii red-stemmed saxifrage Saxifraga mertensiana wood saxifrage

26 LATIN NAME COMMON NAME Saxifraga nelsoniana brook saxifrage Saxifraga nivalis alpine saxifrage Saxifraga occidentalis western saxifrage Saxifraga odontoloma stream saxifrage Saxifraga oppositifolia purple mountain saxifrage Saxifraga rufidula rusty-haired saxifrage Saxifraga tolmiei Tolmie’s saxifrage Saxifraga tricuspidata three-toothed saxifrage Scheuchzeria palustris scheuchzeria Schizachne purpurascens false melic Schoenocrambe linifolia flax-leaved plainsmustard Scirpus lacustris great bulrush Scirpus microcarpus small-flowered bulrush Scirpus nevadensis Nevada bulrush Scirpus paludosus alkali bulrush Scolochloa festucacea sprangle-top Scutellaria angustifolia narrow-leaved skullcap Scutellaria galericulata marsh skullcap Scutellaria lateriflora blue skullcap Sedum divergens spreading stonecrop Sedum integrifolium roseroot Sedum lanceolatum lance-leaved stonecrop Sedum oreganum Oregon stonecrop Sedum spathulifolium broad-leaved stonecrop Sedum stenopetalum worm-leaved stonecrop Selaginella densa compact selaginella Selaginella selaginoides low selaginella Selaginella sibirica northern selaginella Selaginella wallacei Wallace’s selaginella Senecio canus woolly groundsel Senecio conterminus high alpine butterweed Senecio cymbalarioides alpine meadow butterweed Senecio eremophilus dryland ragwort Senecio foetidus sweet-marsh butterweed Senecio indecorus rayless mountain butterweed Senecio integerrimus western groundsel Senecio jacobaea tansy ragwort Senecio lugens black-tipped groundsel Senecio newcombei Newcombe’s butterweed Senecio pauciflorus rayless alpine butterweed Senecio pauperculus Canadian butterweed Senecio pseudaureus streambank butterweed Senecio streptanthifolius Rocky Mountain butterweed Senecio sylvaticus wood groundsel Senecio triangularis arrow-leaved groundsel Senecio vulgaris common groundsel Setaria viridis green bristlegrass Shepherdia canadensis soopolallie Sibbaldia procumbens sibbaldia

27 LATIN NAME COMMON NAME Silene acaulis moss campion Silene alba white campion Silene antirrhina sleepy catchfly Silene dichotoma forked catchfly Silene douglasii Douglas’ campion Silene menziesii Menzies’ campion Silene noctiflora night-flowering catchfly Silene parryi Parry’s campion Silene scouleri Scouler’s campion Silene vulgaris bladder campion Sisymbrium altissimum tall tumble-mustard Sisymbrium loeselii Loesel’s tumble-mustard Sisymbrium officinale hedge mustard Sisyrinchium californicum golden-eyed grass Sisyrinchium douglasii satin-flower Sisyrinchium idahoense Idaho blue-eyed-grass Sisyrinchium inflatum purple blue-eyed-grass Sisyrinchium littorale shore blue-eyed-grass Sisyrinchium montanum mountain blue-eyed-grass Sisyrinchium septentrionale northern blue-eyed-grass Sitanion hystrix squirreltail grass Sium sauve water-parsnip Smelowskia calycina alpine smelowskia Smilacina racemosa false Solomon’s-seal Smilacina stellata star-flowered false Solomon’s-seal Smilacina trifolia three-leaved false Solomon’s-seal Solanum americanum black nightshade Solanum dulcamara bittersweet Solanum rostratum buffalo-bur Solanum triflorum cut-leaved nightshade Solidago canadensis Canada goldenrod Solidago gigantea smooth goldenrod Solidago missouriensis Missouri goldenrod Solidago multiradiata northern goldenrod Solidago spathulata spike-like goldenrod Sonchus arvensis perennial sow-thistle Sonchus oleraceus annual sow-thistle Sorbus aucuparia European mountain-ash Sorbus scopulina western mountain-ash Sorbus sitchensis Sitka mountain-ash Sparganium emersum emersed bur-reed Sparganium emersum var. angustifolium narrow-leaved bur-reed Sparganium emersum var. emersum simple-stemmed bur-reed Sparganium emersum var. multipedunculatum floating bur-reed Sparganium eurycarpum broad-fruited bur-reed Sparganium hyperboreum northern bur-reed Sparganium minimum small bur-reed Spartina gracilis alkali cordgrass Spergula arvensis corn-spurry Spergularia canadensis Canadian sand-spurry

28 LATIN NAME COMMON NAME Spergularia macrotheca beach sand-spurry Spergularia rubra red sand-spurry Sphagnum sphagnum Sphagnum capillaceum common red sphagnum Sphagnum fuscum common brown sphagnum Sphagnum girgensohnii common green sphagnum Spiraea betulifolia birch-leaved spirea Spiraea densiflora subalpine spirea Spiraea douglasii hardhack Spiraea douglasii ssp. douglasii hardhack Spiraea douglasii ssp. menziesii pink spirea Spiraea pyramidata pyramid spirea Spiranthes romanzoffiana ladies’ tresses Spirodela polyrhiza great duckweed Sporobolus cryptandrus sand dropseed Stachys cooleyae Cooley’s hedge-nettle Stachys mexicana Mexican hedge-nettle Stachys palustris swamp hedge-nettle Stellaria calycantha northern starwort Stellaria crispa crisp starwort Stellaria longifolia long-leaved starwort Stellaria longipes long-stalked starwort Stellaria media chickweed Stenanthium occidentale mountainbells Stephanomeria tenuifolia narrow-leaved skeletonweed Stipa comata needle-and-thread grass Stipa hymenoides Indian-ricegrass Stipa occidentalis stiff needlegrass Stipa richardsonii spreading needlegrass Stipa spartea porcupinegrass Stipa viridula green needlegrass Stokesiella oreganum Oregon beaked moss Streptopus amplexifolius clasping twistedstalk Streptopus roseus rosy twistedstalk Streptopus streptopoides small twistedstalk Suaeda depressa seablite Suksdorfia ranunculifolia buttercup-leaved saxifrage Suksdorfia violacea violet saxifrage Symphoricarpos albus common snowberry Symphoricarpos mollis trailing snowberry Symphoricarpos occidentalis western snowberry Symphoricarpos oreophilus mountain snowberry

Tanacetum bipinnatum western dune tansy Tanacetum vulgare common tansy Taraxacum ceratophorum horned dandelion Taraxacum laevigatum red-seeded dandelion Taraxacum lyratum horned dandelion Taraxacum officinale common dandelion Taxus brevifolia western yew

29 LATIN NAME COMMON NAME Tellima grandiflora tall fringecup Tetradymia canescens gray horsebrush Thalictrum alpinum alpine meadowrue Thalictrum occidentale western meadowrue Thalictrum sparsiflorum few-flowered meadowrue Thalictrum venulosum veiny meadowrue Thelypteris phegopteris beech fern Thlaspi arvense field pennycress Thuja plicata western redcedar Tiarella laciniata cut-leaved foamflower Tiarella trifoliata three-leaved foamflower Tiarella unifoliata one-leaved foamflower Tofieldia coccinea northern false asphodel Tofieldia glutinosa sticky false asphodel Tofieldia pusilla common false asphodel Tolmiea menziesii piggy-back plant Tomenthypnum nitens golden fuzzy fen moss Torreyochloa pauciflora weak false-manna Toxicodendron diversilobum poison-oak Toxicodendron rydbergii poison-ivy Tragopogon dubius yellow salsify Tragopogon porrifolius common salsify Tragopogon pratensis meadow salsify Trautvetteria caroliniensis false bugbane Trichophorum alpinum Hudson Bay clubrush Trichophorum cespitosum tufted clubrush Trientalis europaea northern starflower Trientalis latifolia broad-leaved starflower Trifolium aureum yellow clover Trifolium dubium small hop clover Trifolium hybridum alsike clover Trifolium pratense red clover Trifolium repens white clover Triglochin maritimum seaside arrow-grass Triglochin palustre marsh arrow-grass Trillium ovatum western trillium Trisetum cernuum nodding trisetum Trisetum spicatum spike trisetum Triteleia hyacinthina fool’s-onion Trollius laxus globeflower Tsuga heterophylla western hemlock Tsuga mertensiana mountain hemlock Typha latifolia cattail

Ulex europaeus gorse Urtica dioica stinging nettle Utricularia intermedia flat-leaved bladderwort Utricularia minor lesser bladderwort Utricularia vulgaris greater bladderwort

30 LATIN NAME COMMON NAME Vaccinium alaskaense Alaskan blueberry Vaccinium caespitosum dwarf blueberry Vaccinium deliciosum blue-leaved huckleberry Vaccinium membranaceum black huckleberry Vaccinium microcarpum dwarf bog cranberry Vaccinium myrtilloides velvet-leaved blueberry Vaccinium myrtillus low bilberry Vaccinium ovalifolium oval-leaved blueberry Vaccinium ovatum evergreen huckleberry Vaccinium oxycoccos bog cranberry Vaccinium parvifolium red huckleberry Vaccinium scoparium grouseberry Vaccinium uliginosum bog blueberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea lingonberry Vahlodea atropurpurea mountain hairgrass Valeriana dioica marsh valerian Valeriana sitchensis Sitka valerian Valeriana sitchensis ssp. scouleri Scouler’s Sitka valerian Veratrum viride Indian hellebore Verbascum blattaria moth mullein Verbascum phlomoides woolly mullein Verbascum thapsus great mullein Veronica americana American brooklime Veronica anagallis-aquatica water speedwell Veronica cusickii Cusick’s speedwell Veronica filiformis slender speedwell Veronica peregrinus purslane speedwell Veronica scutellata marsh speedwell Veronica serpyllifolia thyme-leaved speedwell Veronica wormskjoldii alpine speedwell Viburnum edule highbush-cranberry Viburnum opulus American bush-cranberry Vicia americana American vetch Vicia cracca tufted vetch Vicia gigantea giant vetch Vicia sativa common vetch Vicia villosa hairy vetch Viola adunca early blue violet Viola canadensis Canada violet Viola glabella stream violet Viola langsdorfii Alaska violet Viola macloskeyi small white violet Viola nephrophylla northern bog violet Viola nuttallii Nuttall’s violet Viola nuttallii ssp. nuttallii yellow prairie violet Viola nuttallii ssp. praemorsa yellow montane violet Viola nuttallii ssp. vallicola yellow sagebrush violet Viola orbiculata round-leaved violet Viola palustris marsh violet Viola renifolia kidney-leaved violet

31 LATIN NAME COMMON NAME Viola sempervirens trailing yellow violet Viola septentrionalis northern violet Vulpia myuros rattail fescue Vulpia octoflora six-weeks fescue

Woodsia glabella smooth woodsia Woodsia oregana Oregon woodsia Woodsia scopulina Rocky Mountain woodsia

Xerophyllum tenax bear-grass

Zigadenus elegans mountain death-camas Zigadenus venenosus meadow death-camas

32 COMMON NAME LATIN NAME agoseris, annual Agoseris heterophylla agoseris, large-flowered Agoseris grandiflora agoseris, orange Agoseris aurantiaca agoseris, pale Agoseris glauca agoseris, tall Agoseris elata alder, green Alnus viridis ssp. fruticosa alder, mountain Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia alder, red Alnus rubra alder, Sitka Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata alfalfa Medicago sativa alkaligrass, dwarf Puccinellia pumila alkaligrass, inland Puccinellia interior alkaligrass, northern Puccinellia borealis alkaligrass, Nuttall’s Puccinellia nuttalliana alkaligrass, Pacific Puccinellia nutkaensis alkaligrass, weeping Puccinellia distans alpine-azalea Loiseleuria procumbens alpine-wintergreen Gaultheria humifusa alumroot, meadow Heuchera chlorantha alumroot, round-leaved Heuchera cylindrica alumroot, small-flowered Heuchera micrantha alumroot, smooth Heuchera glabra alyssum, pale Alyssum alyssoides American brooklime Veronica americana anemone, alpine Anemone drummondii anemone, cut-leaved Anemone multifida anemone, Lyall’s Anemone lyallii anemone, narcissus Anemone narcissiflora anemone, northern Anemone parviflora anemone, yellow Anemone richardsonii angelica, kneeling Angelica genuflexa angelica, sharptooth Angelica arguta antelope-brush Purshia tridentata apargidium Microseris borealis apple, Pacific crab Malus fusca arbutus Arbutus menziesii arnica, alpine Arnica alpina arnica, hairy Arnica mollis arnica, heart-leaved Arnica cordifolia arnica, meadow Arnica chamissonis arnica, mountain Arnica latifolia arnica, orange Arnica fulgens arnica, Parry’s Arnica parryi arnica, Rydberg’s Arnica rydbergii arnica, streambank Arnica amplexicaulis arrow-grass, marsh Triglochin palustre arrow-grass, seaside Triglochin maritimum asparagus Asparagus officinalis aspen, trembling Populus tremuloides asphodel, common false Tofieldia pusilla

33 COMMON NAME LATIN NAME asphodel, northern false Tofieldia coccinea asphodel, sticky false Tofieldia glutinosa aster, alpine Aster alpinus aster, arctic Aster sibiricus aster, Douglas’ Aster subspicatus aster, Eaton’s Aster eatonii aster, Engelmann’s Aster engelmannii aster, fringed Aster ciliolatus aster, great northern Aster modestus aster, leafy Aster foliaceus aster, meadow Aster campestris aster, rush Aster borealis aster, showy Aster conspicuus aster, tufted white prairie Aster pansus aster, western Aster occidentalis avens, caltha-leaved Geum calthifolium avens, large-leaved Geum macrophyllum avens, Queen Charlotte Geum schofieldii avens, Ross’ Geum rossii avens, sharp-toothed Geum perincisum avens, water Geum rivale avens, yellow Geum aleppicum azalea, false Menziesia ferruginea baby-blue-eyes Nemophila menziesii balsamroot, arrow-leaved Balsamorhiza sagittata balsamroot, deltoid Balsamorhiza deltoidea baneberry Actaea rubra barley, foxtail Hordeum jubatum barley, meadow Hordeum brachyantherum bassia, five-hooked Bassia hyssopifolia beak-sedge Rhynchospora alba bear-grass Xerophyllum tenax bearberry, alpine Arctostaphylos alpina bearberry, red Arctostaphylos rubra bedstraw, boreal Galium kamtschaticum bedstraw, northern Galium boreale bedstraw, Pacific Galium cymosum bedstraw, small Galium trifidum bedstraw, sweet-scented Galium triflorum beggarticks, nodding Bidens cernua bentgrass, alpine Agrostis humilis bentgrass, creeping Agrostis stolonifera bentgrass, dune Agrostis pallens bentgrass, hair Agrostis scabra bentgrass, Idaho Agrostis idahoensis bentgrass, mountain Agrostis variabilis bentgrass, northern Agrostis aequivalvis bentgrass, spike Agrostis exarata bentgrass, Thurber’s Agrostis thurberiana

34 COMMON NAME LATIN NAME bergamot, mint-leaved Monarda menthifolia bergamot, wild Monarda fistulosa var. mollis bilberry, low Vaccinium myrtillus bindweed, beach Calystegia soldanella bindweed, hedge Calystegia sepium birch, Alaska paper Betula neoalaskana birch, paper Betula papyrifera birch, scrub Betula glandulosa birch, swamp Betula nana birch, water Betula occidentalis bistort, alpine Bistorta vivipara bistort, American Bistorta bistortoides bitter-cress, alpine Cardamine bellidifolia bitter-cress, Brewer’s Cardamine breweri bitter-cress, heart-leaved Cardamine cordifolia bitter-cress, little western Cardamine oligosperma bitter-cress, Nuttall’s Cardamine nuttallii bitter-cress, Pennsylvania Cardamine pensylvanica bitter-cress, Siberian Cardamine umbellata bitter-cress, western Cardamine occidentalis bitterroot Lewisia rediviva bittersweet Solanum dulcamara blackberry, evergreen Rubus laciniatus blackberry, Himalayan Rubus discolor blackberry, trailing Rubus ursinus bladderpod, Columbia Lesquerella douglasii bladderwort, flat-leaved Utricularia intermedia bladderwort, greater Utricularia vulgaris bladderwort, lesser Utricularia minor blazing-star Mentzelia laevicaulis bleeding heart Dicentra formosa blinks Montia fontana blue-eyed Mary, large-flowered Collinsia grandiflora blue-eyed Mary, small-flowered Collinsia parviflora blue-eyed-grass, Idaho Sisyrinchium idahoense blue-eyed-grass, mountain Sisyrinchium montanum blue-eyed-grass, northern Sisyrinchium septentrionale blue-eyed-grass, purple Sisyrinchium inflatum blue-eyed-grass, shore Sisyrinchium littorale blue-mustard Chorispora tenella bluebells, long-flowered Mertensia longiflora bluebells, sea Mertensia maritima bluebells, tall Mertensia paniculata blueberry, Alaskan Vaccinium alaskaense blueberry, bog Vaccinium uliginosum blueberry, dwarf Vaccinium caespitosum blueberry, oval-leaved Vaccinium ovalifolium blueberry, velvet-leaved Vaccinium myrtilloides bluegrass, alkali Poa juncifolia bluegrass, alpine Poa alpina bluegrass, annual Poa annua

35 COMMON NAME LATIN NAME bluegrass, arctic Poa arctica bluegrass, bog Poa leptocoma bluegrass, bulbous Poa bulbosa bluegrass, Canada Poa compressa bluegrass, Canby’s Poa canbyi bluegrass, curly Poa incurva bluegrass, Cusick’s Poa cusickii bluegrass, fowl Poa palustris bluegrass, glaucous Poa glauca bluegrass, hairy Poa lanata bluegrass, inland Poa interior bluegrass, Kentucky Poa pratensis bluegrass, lax-flowered Poa laxiflora bluegrass, Letterman’s Poa lettermanii bluegrass, Nevada Poa nevadensis bluegrass, nodding Poa reflexa bluegrass, Pacific Poa gracillima bluegrass, pale-leaved Poa glaucifolia bluegrass, Patterson’s Poa pattersonii bluegrass, roughstalk Poa trivialis bluegrass, Sandberg’s Poa sandbergii bluegrass, timberline Poa rupicola bluegrass, Trinius’ Poa stenantha bluegrass, Wheeler’s Poa nervosa bluegrass, wood Poa nemoralis bluejoint Calamagrostis canadensis bog-laurel Kalmia microphylla ssp. occidentalis bog-laurel, alpine Kalmia microphylla spp. microphylla bog-orchid, green-flowered Platanthera hyperborea bog-orchid, slender Platanthera stricta bog-orchid, small Platanthera chorisiana bog-orchid, white Platanthera dilatata bog-rosemary Andromeda polifolia boykinia, coast Boykinia occidentalis bracken Pteridium aquilinum bramble, five-leaved Rubus pedatus bramble, snow Rubus nivalis bristlegrass, green Setaria viridis brome, Alaska Bromus sitchensis brome, California Bromus carinatus brome, Columbia Bromus vulgaris brome, fringed Bromus ciliatus brome, nodding Bromus anomalus brome, pumpelly Bromus inermis ssp. pumpellianus brome, smooth Bromus inermis ssp. inermis brome, soft Bromus mollis broom, Scotch Cytisus scoparius broomrape, California Orobanche californica broomrape, clustered Orobanche fasciculata

36 COMMON NAME LATIN NAME broomrape, naked Orobanche uniflora brown-eyed Susan Gaillardia aristata buckbean Menyanthes trifoliata buckthorn, alder-leaved Rhamnus alnifolius buckwheat, cushion Eriogonum ovalifolium buckwheat, parsnip-flowered Eriogonum heracleoides buckwheat, snow Eriogonum niveum buckwheat, sulfur Eriogonum umbellatum buckwheat, yellow Eriogonum flavum buffalo-bur Solanum rostratum bugbane, false Trautvetteria caroliniensis bugloss, viper’s Echium vulgare bulrush, alkali Scirpus paludosus bulrush, great Scirpus lacustris bulrush, Nevada Scirpus nevadensis bulrush, small-flowered Scirpus microcarpus bunchberry Cornus canadensis bunchberry, cordilleran Cornus unalaschkensis bur-reed, broad-fruited Sparganium eurycarpum bur-reed, emersed Sparganium emersum bur-reed, floating Sparganium emersum var. multipedunculatum bur-reed, narrow-leaved Sparganium emersum var. angustifolium bur-reed, northern Sparganium hyperboreum bur-reed, simple-stemmed Sparganium emersum var. emersum bur-reed, small Sparganium minimum burdock, common Arctium minus burdock, great Arctium lappa burnet, annual Sanguisorba annua burnet, great Sanguisorba officinalis burnet, Menzies’ Sanguisorba menziesii burnet, Sitka Sanguisorba canadensis burweed, silver Ambrosia chamissonis bush-cranberry, American Viburnum opulus butter-and-eggs Linaria vulgare buttercup, birdfoot Ranunculus pedatifidus buttercup, celery-leaved Ranunculus sceleratus buttercup, Cooley’s Ranunculus cooleyae buttercup, creeping Ranunculus repens buttercup, far-northern Ranunculus hyperboreus buttercup, heart-leaved Ranunculus cardiophyllus buttercup, kidney-leaved Ranunculus abortivus buttercup, Lapland Ranunculus lapponicus buttercup, little Ranunculus uncinatus buttercup, Macoun’s Ranunculus macounii buttercup, meadow Ranunculus acris buttercup, modest Ranunculus verecundus buttercup, Pensylvania Ranunculus pensylvanicus buttercup, sagebrush Ranunculus glaberrimus buttercup, shore Ranunculus cymbalaria buttercup, snow Ranunculus nivalis

37 COMMON NAME LATIN NAME buttercup, spear-leaved Ranunculus reptans buttercup, straight-beaked Ranunculus orthorhynchus buttercup, subalpine Ranunculus eschscholtzii buttercup, unlovely Ranunculus inamoenus buttercup, western Ranunculus occidentalis butterweed, alpine meadow Senecio cymbalarioides butterweed, Canadian Senecio pauperculus butterweed, high alpine Senecio conterminus butterweed, Newcombe’s Senecio newcombei butterweed, rayless alpine Senecio pauciflorus butterweed, rayless mountain Senecio indecorus butterweed, Rocky Mountain Senecio streptanthifolius butterweed, streambank Senecio pseudaureus butterweed, sweet-marsh Senecio foetidus butterwort Pinguicula vulgaris cactus, brittle prickly-pear Opuntia fragilis cactus, plains prickly-pear Opuntia polyacantha camas, common Camassia quamash camas, great Camassia leichtlinii campion, bladder Silene vulgaris campion, Douglas’ Silene douglasii campion, Menzies’ Silene menziesii campion, moss Silene acaulis campion, Parry’s Silene parryi campion, rose Lychnis coronaria campion, Scouler’s Silene scouleri campion, white Silene alba canarygrass Phalaris canariensis canarygrass, reed Phalaris arundinacea candystick Allotropa virgata carrot, American wild Daucus pusillus carrot, wild Daucus carota cascara Rhamnus purshianus cat’s-ear, hairy Hypochaeris radicata cat’s-ear, smooth Hypochaeris glabra catchfly, forked Silene dichotoma catchfly, night-flowering Silene noctiflora catchfly, sleepy Silene antirrhina cattail Typha latifolia ceanothus, redstem Ceanothus sanguineus chamaerhodos Chamaerhodos erecta chamomile, corn Anthemis arvensis chamomile, yellow Anthemis tinctoria cheatgrass Bromus tectorum cherry, bitter Prunus emarginata cherry, choke Prunus virginiana cherry, pin Prunus pensylvanica chickweed Stellaria media chickweed, Bering Cerastium beeringianum

38 COMMON NAME LATIN NAME chickweed, field Cerastium arvense chickweed, Fischer’s Cerastium fischerianum chickweed, mouse-ear Cerastium fontanum chicory Cichorium intybus chives, wild Allium schoenoprasum cinquefoil, arctic Potentilla hyparctica cinquefoil, brook Potentilla rivalis cinquefoil, diverse-leaved Potentilla diversifolia cinquefoil, Drummond’s Potentilla drummondii cinquefoil, fan-leaved Potentilla flabellifolia cinquefoil, five-leaved Potentilla quinquefolia cinquefoil, graceful Potentilla gracilis cinquefoil, Hooker’s Potentilla hookeriana cinquefoil, marsh Potentilla palustris cinquefoil, Norwegian Potentilla norvegica cinquefoil, one-flowered Potentilla uniflora cinquefoil, prairie Potentilla pensylvanica cinquefoil, sheep Potentilla ovina cinquefoil, shrubby Potentilla fruticosa cinquefoil, silvery Potentilla argentea cinquefoil, snow Potentilla nivea cinquefoil, sticky Potentilla glandulosa cinquefoil, villous Potentilla villosa cinquefoil, white Potentilla arguta cinquefoil, woolly Potentilla hippiana cleavers Galium aparine clematis, blue Clematis occidentalis clematis, white Clematis ligusticifolia cliff-brake, smooth Pellaea glabella cloudberry Rubus chamaemorus clover, alsike Trifolium hybridum clover, red Trifolium pratense clover, small hop Trifolium dubium clover, white Trifolium repens clover, yellow Trifolium aureum clubmoss, Alaska Lycopodium sitchense clubmoss, alpine Lycopodium alpinum clubmoss, fir Huperzia selago clubmoss, running Lycopodium clavatum clubmoss, stiff Lycopodium annotinum clubrush, Hudson Bay Trichophorum alpinum clubrush, tufted Trichophorum cespitosum collomia, large-flowered Collomia grandiflora collomia, narrow-leaved Collomia linearis collomia, vari-leaved Collomia heterophylla coltsfoot, arctic Petasites nivalis coltsfoot, arrow-leaved Petasites sagittatus coltsfoot, palmate Petasites palmatus coltsfoot, sweet Petasites frigidus columbine, blue Aquilegia brevistyla

39 COMMON NAME LATIN NAME columbine, red Aquilegia formosa columbine, yellow Aquilegia flavescens comandra, pale Comandra umbellata coontail Ceratophyllum demersum copperbush Cladothamnus pyroliflorus coralroot, spotted Corallorhiza maculata coralroot, spotted Corallorhiza maculata ssp. maculata coralroot, striped Corallorhiza striata coralroot, western Corallorhiza maculata ssp. mertensiana coralroot, yellow Corallorhiza trifida cordgrass, alkali Spartina gracilis corn-spurry Spergula arvensis cornflower Centaurea cyanus corydalis, blue Corydalis pauciflora corydalis, golden Corydalis aurea corydalis, pink Corydalis sempervirens cotton-grass, Chamisso’s Eriophorum chamissonis cotton-grass, green-keeled Eriophorum viridicarinatum cotton-grass, narrow-leaved Eriophorum angustifolium cotton-grass, Scheuchzer’s Eriophorum scheuchzeri cotton-grass, sheathed Eriophorum vaginatum cotton-grass, short-anthered Eriophorum brachyantherum cotton-grass, slender Eriophorum gracile cottonwood, black Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa cow-parnsip Heracleum sphondylium cow-wheat Melampyrum lineare cranberry, bog Vaccinium oxycoccos cranberry, dwarf bog Vaccinium microcarpum creeping-snowberry Gaultheria hispidula cress, blunt-leaved yellow Rorippa curvipes cress, creeping yellow Rorippa sylvestris crowberry Empetrum nigrum cudweed, cotton-batting Gnaphalium chilense cudweed, marsh Gnaphalium uliginosum cudweed, purple Gnaphalium purpureum currant, maple-leaved Ribes howellii currant, northern black Ribes hudsonianum currant, red swamp Ribes triste currant, red-flowering Ribes sanguineum currant, skunk Ribes glandulosum currant, squaw Ribes cereum currant, sticky Ribes viscosissimum currant, stink Ribes bracteosum currant, trailing black Ribes laxiflorum daisy, cut-leaved Erigeron compositus daisy, English Bellis perennis daisy, large-flowered Erigeron grandiflorus daisy, oxeye Leucanthemum vulgare daisy, smooth Erigeron glabellus

40 COMMON NAME LATIN NAME daisy, subalpine Erigeron peregrinus dandelion, common Taraxacum officinale dandelion, horned Taraxacum ceratophorum (lyratum) dandelion, red-seeded Taraxacum laevigatum dead-nettle, common Lamium amplexicaule death-camas, meadow Zigadenus venenosus death-camas, mountain Zigadenus elegans deer-cabbage Fauria crista-galli desert-parsley, barestem Lomatium nudicaule desert-parsley, fern-leaved Lomatium dissectum desert-parsley, Geyer’s Lomatium geyeri desert-parsley, Gorman’s Lomatium gormanii desert-parsley, large-fruited Lomatium macrocarpum desert-parsley, narrow-leaved Lomatium triternatum desert-parsley, swale Lomatium ambiguum devil’s club Oplopanax horridus dock, broad-leaved Rumex obtusifolius dock, curly Rumex crispus dock, golden Rumex maritimus dock, western Rumex occidentalis dogbane, hemp Apocynum cannabinum dogbane, spreading Apocynum androsaemifolium dogstail, hedgehog Cynosurus echinatus dogwood, red-osier Cornus sericea dogwood, western flowering Cornus nuttallii Douglas-fir Pseudotsuga menziesii Douglas-fir, coast Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas-fir, interior Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca draba, Alaska Draba stenoloba draba, Carolina Draba reptans* draba, few-seeded Draba oligosperma draba, golden Draba aurea draba, gray-leaved Draba cinerea draba, lance-fruited Draba lonchocarpa draba, lance-leaved Draba cana draba, Nuttall’s Draba densifolia draba, Payson’s Draba paysonii draba, smooth Draba glabella draba, tall Draba praealta draba, thick-leaved Draba crassifolia draba, woods Draba nemorosa draba, Yellowstone Draba incerta dragonhead, American Dracocephalum parviflorum dropseed, sand Sporobolus cryptandrus duckweed, common Lemna minor duckweed, great Spirodela polyrhiza duckweed, ivy-leaved Lemna trisulca

elderberry, blue Sambucus cerulea elderberry, red Sambucus racemosa

41 COMMON NAME LATIN NAME elephant’s head Pedicularis groenlandica eriophyllum, woolly Eriophyllum lanatum evening-primrose, pale Oenothera pallida evening-primrose, yellow Oenothera depressa fairy-candelabra, northern Androsace septentrionalis fairybells, Hooker’s Disporum hookeri fairybells, rough-fruited Disporum trachycarpum fairybells, Smith’s Disporum smithii fairyslipper Calypso bulbosa false Solomon’s-seal Smilacina racemosa false Solomon’s-seal, star-flowered Smilacina stellata false Solomon’s-seal, three-leaved Smilacina trifolia false-manna, weak Torreyochloa pauciflora falsebox Paxistima myrsinites falseflax, little-podded Camelina microcarpa feathermoss, red-stemmed Pleurozium schreberi fern, beech Thelypteris phegopteris fern, Braun’s holly Polystichum braunii fern, deer Blechnum spicant fern, Fees’ lip Cheilanthes feei fern, fragile Cystopteris fragilis fern, fragrant shield Dryopteris fragrans fern, lady Athyrium filix-femina fern, leathery grape Botrychium multifidum fern, licorice Polypodium glycyrrhiza fern, maidenhair Adiantum pedatum fern, male Dryopteris filix-mas fern, mountain bladder Cystopteris montana fern, mountain holly Polystichum lonchitis fern, northern grape Botrychium boreale fern, oak Gymnocarpium dryopteris fern, ostrich Matteuccia struthiopteris fern, parsley Cryptogramma crispa fern, rattlesnake Botrychium virginianum fern, spiny wood Dryopteris assimilis fern, sword Polystichum munitum fescue, alpine Festuca brachyphylla fescue, Altai Festuca altaica fescue, Baffin Festuca baffinensis fescue, bearded Festuca subulata fescue, crinkle-awned Festuca subuliflora fescue, green Festuca viridula fescue, Idaho Festuca idahoensis fescue, meadow Festuca pratensis fescue, rattail Vulpia myuros fescue, red Festuca rubra fescue, Rocky Mountain Festuca saximontana fescue, rough Festuca scabrella fescue, six-weeks Vulpia octoflora

42 COMMON NAME LATIN NAME fescue, tall Festuca arundinacea fescue, western Festuca occidentalis fiddleneck, small-flowered Amsinckia menziesii fir, amabilis Abies amabilis fir, grand Abies grandis fir, subalpine Abies lasiocarpa fireweed Epilobium angustifolium flax, wild blue Linum lewisii flaxflower, Harkness’ Linanthus harknessii flaxflower, northern Linanthus septentrionalis fleabane, bitter Erigeron acris fleabane, golden Erigeron aureus fleabane, line-leaved Erigeron linearis fleabane, long-leaved Erigeron corymbosus fleabane, Philadelphia Erigeron philadelphicus fleabane, rough-stemmed Erigeron strigosus fleabane, shaggy Erigeron pumilus fleabane, showy Erigeron speciosus fleabane, spear-leaved Erigeron lonchophyllus fleabane, spreading Erigeron divergens fleabane, thread-leaved Erigeron filifolius fleabane, trailing Erigeron flagellaris fleabane, tufted Erigeron caespitosus flixweed Descurainia sophia foamflower, cut-leaved Tiarella laciniata foamflower, one-leaved Tiarella unifoliata foamflower, three-leaved Tiarella trifoliata fool’s-onion Triteleia hyacinthina forget-me-not, blue Myosotis stricta forget-me-not, common Myosotis scorpioides forget-me-not, field Myosotis arvensis forget-me-not, mountain Myosotis asiatica forget-me-not, small-flowered Myosotis laxa forget-me-not, spring Myosotis verna forget-me-not, wood Myosotis sylvatica foxglove Digitalis purpurea fringecup, tall Tellima grandiflora

gentian, broad-petalled Gentiana platypetala gentian, four-parted Gentianella propinqua gentian, glaucous Gentiana glauca gentian, king Gentiana sceptrum gentian, moss Gentiana prostrata gentian, mountain bog Gentiana calycosa gentian, northern Gentianella amarella gentian, prairie Gentiana affinis gentian, slender Gentianella tenella gentian, swamp Gentiana douglasiana geranium, Bicknell’s Geranium bicknellii geranium, Carolina Geranium carolinianum

43 COMMON NAME LATIN NAME geranium, dovefoot Geranium molle geranium, northern Geranium erianthum geranium, Robert Geranium robertianum geranium, sticky Geranium viscosissimum geranium, white Geranium richardsonii gilia, globe Gilia capitata gilia, scarlet Ipomopsis aggregata glasswort, European Salicornia europaea glasswort, green European Salicornia europaea ssp. europaea glasswort, red European Salicornia europaea ssp. rubra globeflower Trollius laxus gnome-plant Hemitomes congestum goatsbeard Aruncus dioicus golden-aster, hairy Heterotheca villosa golden-eyed-grass Sisyrinchium californicum golden-saxifrage, northern Chrysosplenium tetrandrum goldenrod, Canada Solidago canadensis goldenrod, Missouri Solidago missouriensis goldenrod, northern Solidago multiradiata goldenrod, smooth Solidago gigantea goldenrod, spike-like Solidago spathulata goldenweed, Lyall’s Haplopappus lyallii goldthread, fern-leaved Coptis aspleniifolia goldthread, three-leaved Coptis trifolia gooseberry, black Ribes lacustre gooseberry, gummy Ribes lobbii gooseberry, Idaho Ribes irriguum gooseberry, mountain Ribes montigenum gooseberry, northern Ribes oxyacanthoides gooseberry, white-stemmed Ribes inerme gooseberry, wild Ribes divaricatum goosefoot, red Chenopodium rubrum gorse Ulex europaeus grama, blue Bouteloua gracilis grass, needle-and-thread Stipa comata grass, squirreltail Sitanion hystrix grass-of-Parnassus, fringed Parnassia fimbriata grass-of-Parnassus, Kotzebue’s Parnassia kotzebuei grass-of-Parnassus, northern Parnassia palustris grass-of-Parnassus, small-flowered Parnassia parviflora gromwell, yellow Lithospermum incisum ground-cedar Lycopodium complanatum ground-pine Lycopodium obscurum groundcone Boschniakia hookeri groundsel, arrow-leaved Senecio triangularis groundsel, black-tipped Senecio lugens groundsel, common Senecio vulgaris groundsel, western Senecio integerrimus groundsel, wood Senecio sylvaticus groundsel, woolly Senecio canus

44 COMMON NAME LATIN NAME grouseberry Vaccinium scoparium gumweed, curly-cup Grindelia squarrosa gumweed, low Grindelia nana gumweed, Puget Sound Grindelia integrifolia

hairgrass, early Aira praecox hairgrass, mountain Vahlodea atropurpurea hairgrass, silver Aira caryophyllea hairgrass, slender Deschampsia elongata hairgrass, tufted Deschampsia cespitosa hardhack Spiraea douglasii hardhack Spiraea douglasii ssp. douglasii harebell, common Campanula rotundifolia harebell, mountain Campanula lasiocarpa harebell, Scouler’s Campanula scouleri hawksbeard, annual Crepis tectorum hawksbeard, elegant Crepis elegans hawksbeard, gray Crepis intermedia hawksbeard, slender Crepis atrabarba hawksbeard, smooth Crepis capillaris hawksbeard, western Crepis occidentalis hawkweed, Canada Hieracium canadense hawkweed, hound’s-tongue Hieracium cynoglossoides hawkweed, narrow-leaved Hieracium umbellatum hawkweed, orange Hieracium aurantiacum hawkweed, Scouler’s Hieracium scouleri hawkweed, slender Hieracium gracile hawkweed, western Hieracium albertinum hawkweed, white-flowered Hieracium albiflorum hawkweed, woolly Hieracium triste hawthorn, black Crataegus douglasii hawthorn, common Crataegus monogyna hawthorn, red Crataegus columbiana hazelnut, beaked Corylus cornuta hedge-nettle, Cooley’s Stachys cooleyae hedge-nettle, Mexican Stachys mexicana hedge-nettle, swamp Stachys palustris hedysarum, alpine Hedysarum alpinum hedysarum, northern Hedysarum boreale hedysarum, yellow Hedysarum sulphurescens hellebore, Indian Veratrum viride hemlock, mountain Tsuga mertensiana hemlock, western Tsuga heterophylla hemp-nettle, common Galeopsis tetrahit highbush-cranberry Viburnum edule honeysuckle, hairy Lonicera hispidula honeysuckle, red Lonicera dioica honeysuckle, Utah Lonicera utahensis honeysuckle, western trumpet Lonicera ciliosa horsebrush, gray Tetradymia canescens

45 COMMON NAME LATIN NAME horsetail, common Equisetum arvense horsetail, giant Equisetum telmateia horsetail, marsh Equisetum palustre horsetail, meadow Equisetum pratense horsetail, swamp Equisetum fluviatile horsetail, wood Equisetum sylvaticum horseweed Conyza canadensis hound’s-tongue, common Cynoglossum officinale hound’s-tongue, northern Cynoglossum boreale huckleberry, black Vaccinium membranaceum huckleberry, blue-leaved Vaccinium deliciosum huckleberry, evergreen Vaccinium ovatum huckleberry, red Vaccinium parvifolium

Indian-pipe Monotropa uniflora Indian-plum Oemleria cerasiformis Indian-ricegrass Stipa hymenoides Indian-wheat Plantago patagonica iris, western blue Iris missouriensis iris, yellow Iris pseudacorus

Jacob’s-ladder, annual Polemonium micranthum Jacob’s-ladder, elegant Polemonium elegans Jacob’s-ladder, northern Polemonium boreale Jacob’s-ladder, showy Polemonium pulcherrimum Jacob’s-ladder, sticky Polemonium viscosum Jacob’s-ladder, tall Polemonium caeruleum junegrass Koeleria macrantha juniper, common Juniperus communis juniper, creeping Juniperus horizontalis juniper, Rocky Mountain Juniperus scopulorum kinnikinnick Arctostaphylos uva-ursi knapweed, black Centaurea nigra knapweed, diffuse Centaurea diffusa knapweed, Russian Centaurea repens knapweed, spotted Centaurea maculosa knight’s plume Ptilium crista-castrensis knotweed, beach Polygonum paronychia knotweed, Douglas’ Polygonum douglasii knotweed, Fowler’s Polygonum fowleri knotweed, Kellogg’s Polygonum kelloggii knotweed, leafy dwarf Polygonum minimum knotweed, Nuttall’s Polygonum nuttallii knotweed, prostrate Polygonum aviculare knotweed, spurry Polygonum spergulariiforme knotweed, wiry Polygonum majus knotweed, yellow-flowered Polygonum ramosissimum kobresia, Bellard’s Kobresia myosuroides kobresia, simple Kobresia simpliciuscula

46 COMMON NAME LATIN NAME Labrador tea Ledum groenlandicum Labrador tea, northern Ledum palustre ladies’ tresses Spiranthes romanzoffiana lady’s-thumb Polygonum persicaria ladyslipper, mountain Cypripedium montanum ladyslipper, sparrow’s-egg Cypripedium passerinum ladyslipper, yellow Cypripedium calceolus lamb’s-quarters Chenopodium album larch, alpine Larix lyallii larch, western Larix occidentalis larkspur, Menzies’ Delphinium menziesii larkspur, Montana Delphinium bicolor larkspur, tall Delphinium glaucum larkspur, upland Delphinium nuttallianum leatherleaf Chamaedaphne calyculata lemonweed Lithospermum ruderale lettuce, blue Lactuca tatarica ssp. pulchella lettuce, tall blue Lactuca biennis lewisia, alpine Lewisia pygmaea lichen, dog Peltigera canina lichen, reindeer Cladina rangiferina lilaeopsis, western Lilaeopsis occidentalis lily, alp Lloydia serotina lily, chocolate Fritillaria lanceolata lily, glacier Erythronium grandiflorum lily, pink fawn Erythronium revolutum lily, sagebrush mariposa Calochortus macrocarpus lily, threespot mariposa Calochortus apiculatus lily, tiger Lilium columbianum lily, white fawn Erythronium oregonum lily, wood Lilium philadelphicum lily-of-the-valley, false Maianthemum dilatatum lily-of-the-valley, wild Maianthemum canadense lingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea liverwort, common leafy Barbilophozia lycopodioides liverwort, floating Ricciocarpos natans lobelia, water Lobelia dortmanna locoweed, blackish Oxytropis nigrescens locoweed, field Oxytropis campestris locoweed, pendant-podded Oxytropis deflexa locoweed, showy Oxytropis splendens locoweed, silky Oxytropis sericea locoweed, stalked-pod Oxytropis podocarpa locust, black Robinia pseudoacacia loosestrife, tufted Lysimachia thyrsiflora lousewort, bird’s-beak Pedicularis ornithorhyncha lousewort, boreal Pedicularis macrodonta lousewort, bracted Pedicularis bracteosa lousewort, capitate Pedicularis capitata

47 COMMON NAME LATIN NAME lousewort, coil-beaked Pedicularis contorta lousewort, Labrador Pedicularis labradorica lousewort, Langsdorf’s Pedicularis langsdorfii lousewort, sickletop Pedicularis racemosa lousewort, small-flowered Pedicularis parviflora lovage, Calder’s Ligusticum calderi lovage, Canby’s Ligusticum canbyi lovage, Gray’s Ligusticum grayi lungwort Lobaria pulmonaria lupine, arctic Lupinus arcticus lupine, bigleaf Lupinus burkei lupine, large-leaved Lupinus polyphyllus lupine, Nootka Lupinus nootkatensis lupine, prairie Lupinus lepidus lupine, seashore Lupinus littoralis lupine, silky Lupinus sericeus lupine, sulphur Lupinus sulphureus lupine, two-coloured Lupinus bicolor mannagrass, fowl Glyceria striata mannagrass, northern Glyceria borealis mannagrass, reed Glyceria grandis mannagrass, tall Glyceria elata mannagrass, western Glyceria occidentalis manzanita, hairy Arctostaphylos columbiana maple, bigleaf Acer macrophyllum maple, Douglas Acer glabrum maple, vine Acer circinatum mare’s-tail Hippuris vulgaris marsh-marigold, alpine white Caltha leptosepala var. leptosepala marsh-marigold, two-flowered white Caltha leptosepala var. biflora marsh-marigold, white Caltha leptosepala meadow-foxtail Alopecurus pratensis meadow-foxtail, creeping Alopecurus arundinaceus* meadow-foxtail, little Alopecurus aequalis meadow-foxtail, water Alopecurus geniculatus meadowrue, alpine Thalictrum alpinum meadowrue, few-flowered Thalictrum sparsiflorum meadowrue, veiny Thalictrum venulosum meadowrue, western Thalictrum occidentale medic, black Medicago lupulina melic, false Schizachne purpurascens melic, Smith’s Melica smithii mentzelia, small-flowered Mentzelia albicaulis microseris, nodding Microseris nutans milk-vetch, alpine Astragalus alpinus milk-vetch, American Astragalus americanus milk-vetch, Canada Astragalus canadensis milk-vetch, elegant Astragalus eucosmus milk-vetch, field Astragalus agrestis milk-vetch, hillside Astragalus collinus

48 COMMON NAME LATIN NAME milk-vetch, Indian Astragalus aboriginum milk-vetch, lotus Astragalus lotiflorus milk-vetch, pulse Astragalus tenellus milk-vetch, Robbins’ Astragalus robbinsii milk-vetch, threadstalk Astragalus filipes milk-vetch, timber Astragalus miser milk-vetch, Weiser Astragalus beckwithii milk-vetch, woollypod Astragalus purshii milkweed, showy Asclepias speciosa miner’s-lettuce Claytonia perfoliata miner’s-lettuce, Siberian Claytonia sibirica mint, field Mentha arvensis mistletoe, western dwarf Arceuthobium campylopodum mistmaiden, Sitka Romanzoffia sitchensis mitrewort, Brewer’s Mitella breweri mitrewort, common Mitella nuda mitrewort, five-stamened Mitella pentandra mitrewort, oval-leaved Mitella ovalis mitrewort, three-toothed Mitella trifida mock-orange Philadelphus lewisii monkey-flower, chickweed Mimulus alsinoides monkey-flower, Haida Mimulus guttatus ssp. haidensis monkey-flower, mountain Mimulus tilingii monkey-flower, pink Mimulus lewisii monkey-flower, purple-stemmed Mimulus floribundus monkey-flower, yellow Mimulus guttatus monkey-flower, yellow Mimulus guttatus ssp. guttatus monkshood, Columbian Aconitum columbianum monkshood, mountain Aconitum delphiniifolium montia, Chamisso’s Montia chamissoi montia, narrow-leaved Montia linearis montia, small-leaved Montia parvifolia moonwort Botrychium lunaria moss, apple Bartramia pomiformis moss, awned haircap Polytrichum piliferum moss, bent-leaf Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus moss, broken-leaf Dicranum tauricum moss, broom Dicranum scoparium moss, curly heron’s-bill Dicranum fuscescens moss, electrified cat’s-tail Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus moss, elegant Isopterygium elegans moss, flat Plagiothecium undulatum moss, glow Aulacomnium palustre moss, golden fuzzy fen Tomenthypnum nitens moss, grey frayed-cap Rhacomitrium canescens moss, juniper haircap Polytrichum juniperinum moss, lanky Rhytidiadelphus loreus moss, lawn Brachythecium albicans moss, leafy Mnium moss, Oregon beaked Stokesiella oreganum

49 COMMON NAME LATIN NAME moss, palm tree Leucolepis menziesii moss, pipecleaner Rhytidiopsis robusta moss, red-mouthed leafy Mnium spinulosum moss, sickle Drepanocladus uncinatus moss, spring Philonotis fontana moss, step Hylocomium splendens moss, variable Isothecium spiculiferum moss, wavy-leaved Dicranum polysetum mountain-ash, European Sorbus aucuparia mountain-ash, Sitka Sorbus sitchensis mountain-ash, western Sorbus scopulina mountain-avens, entire-leaved Dryas integrifolia mountain-avens, white Dryas octopetala mountain-avens, yellow Dryas drummondii mountain-heather, Alaskan Cassiope stelleriana mountain-heather, club-moss Cassiope lycopodioides mountain-heather, four-angled Cassiope tetragona mountain-heather, pink Phyllodoce empetriformis mountain-heather, white Cassiope mertensiana mountain-heather, yellow Phyllodoce glanduliflora mountainbells Stenanthium occidentale mousetail, bristly Myosurus aristatus mugwort, Aleutian Artemisia tilesii mugwort, Columbia Artemisia lindleyana mugwort, Michaux’s Artemisia michauxiana mugwort, Suksdorf’s Artemisia suksdorfii mugwort, western Artemisia ludoviciana muhly, alkali Muhlenbergia asperifolia muhly, marsh Muhlenbergia glomerata muhly, mat Muhlenbergia richardsonis muhly, slender Muhlenbergia filiformis mullein, great Verbascum thapsus mullein, moth Verbascum blattaria mullein, woolly Verbascum phlomoides musk-flower Mimulus moschatus mustard, bird rape Brassica rapa mustard, hedge Sisymbrium officinale mustard, tower Arabis glabra mustard, wormseed Erysimum cheiranthoides muttongrass Poa fendleriana nagoonberry, dwarf Rubus arcticus needlegrass, green Stipa viridula needlegrass, spreading Stipa richardsonii needlegrass, stiff Stipa occidentalis nemophila, Great Basin Nemophila breviflora nettle, stinging Urtica dioica nightshade, black Solanum americanum nightshade, cut-leaved Solanum triflorum nightshade, enchanter’s Circaea alpina

50 COMMON NAME LATIN NAME ninebark, mallow Physocarpus malvaceus ninebark, Pacific Physocarpus capitatus

oak, Garry Quercus garryana oatgrass, California Danthonia californica oatgrass, Canadian Danthonia canadensis oatgrass, downy Danthonia sericea oatgrass, poverty Danthonia spicata oatgrass, timber Danthonia intermedia* ocean-spray Holodiscus discolor old man’s whiskers Geum triflorum onion, Geyer’s Allium geyeri onion, Hooker’s Allium acuminatum onion, nodding Allium cernuum oniongrass Melica bulbosa oniongrass, Alaska Melica subulata orchardgrass Dactylis glomerata orchid, dwarf rattlesnake Goodyera repens orchis, round-leaved Amerorchis rotundifolia Oregon-grape, creeping Mahonia repens Oregon-grape, dull Mahonia nervosa Oregon-grape, tall Mahonia aquifolium owl-clover, rosy Orthocarpus bracteosus owl-clover, thin-leaved Orthocarpus tenuifolius owl-clover, yellow Orthocarpus luteus

paintbrush, alpine Castilleja rhexifolia paintbrush, coastal red Castilleja hyetophila paintbrush, common red Castilleja miniata paintbrush, Cusick’s Castilleja cusickii paintbrush, deer Castilleja cervina paintbrush, harsh Castilleja hispida paintbrush, northwestern Castilleja angustifolia paintbrush, small-flowered Castilleja parviflora paintbrush, sulphur Castilleja sulphurea paintbrush, Thompson’s Castilleja thompsonii paintbrush, yellowish Castilleja lutescens partridgefoot Luetkea pectinata pasqueflower, western Pulsatilla occidentalis pathfinder Adenocaulon bicolor pea, beach Lathyrus japonicus pearlwort, arctic Sagina saginoides pearly everlasting Anaphalis margaritacea peavine, broad-leaved Lathyrus latifolius peavine, creamy Lathyrus ochroleucus peavine, purple Lathyrus nevadensis pennycress, field Thlaspi arvense penstemon, Alberta Penstemon albertinus penstemon, broad-leaved Penstemon ovatus penstemon, coast Penstemon serrulatus penstemon, Davidson’s Penstemon davidsonii

51 COMMON NAME LATIN NAME penstemon, fuzzy-tongued Penstemon eriantherus penstemon, oval-leaved Penstemon ellipticus penstemon, shrubby Penstemon fruticosus penstemon, small-flowered Penstemon procerus penstemon, taper-leaved Penstemon attenuatus penstemon, woodland Penstemon nemorosus penstemon, yellow Penstemon confertus pepper-grass, branched Lepidium bourgeauanum pepper-grass, clasping-leaved Lepidium perfoliatum pepper-grass, prairie Lepidium densiflorum pepper-grass, tall Lepidium virginicum phacelia, Franklin’s Phacelia franklinii phacelia, narrow-sepaled Phacelia leptosepala phacelia, silky Phacelia sericea phacelia, silverleaf Phacelia hastata phacelia, thread-leaved Phacelia linearis phacelia, varileaf Phacelia heterophylla phlox, long-leaved Phlox longifolia phlox, showy Phlox speciosa phlox, spreading Phlox diffusa phlox, tufted Phlox caespitosa piggy-back plant Tolmiea menziesii pine, jack Pinus banksiana pine, limber Pinus flexilis pine, lodgepole Pinus contorta var. latifolia pine, ponderosa/yellow Pinus ponderosa pine, shore Pinus contorta var. contorta pine, western white Pinus monticola pine, whitebark Pinus albicaulis pineapple weed Chamomilla suaveolens pinedrops Pterospora andromedea pinegrass Calamagrostis rubescens pinesap Hypopitys monotropa pink fairies Clarkia pulchella pink twink Microsteris gracilis pipsissewa, Menzies’ Chimaphila menziesii pitcher-plant Sarracenia purpurea plainsmustard, flax-leaved Schoenocrambe linifolia plantain, common Plantago major plantain, ribwort Plantago lanceolata plantain, slender Plantago elongata poison-hemlock Conium maculatum poison-ivy Toxicodendron rydbergii poison-oak Toxicodendron diversilobum polargrass Arctagrostis latifolia policeman’s helmet Impatiens glandulifera polypody, leatherleaf Polypodium scouleri polypody, Pacific Polypodium montense polypody, western Polypodium hesperium pondweed, closed-leaved Potamogeton foliosus

52 COMMON NAME LATIN NAME pondweed, eel-grass Potamogeton zosteriformis pondweed, fennel-leaved Potamogeton pectinatus pondweed, floating-leaved Potamogeton natans pondweed, grass-leaved Potamogeton gramineus pondweed, long-leaved Potamogeton nodosus pondweed, northern Potamogeton alpinus pondweed, ribbon-leaved Potamogeton epihydrus pondweed, Robbin’s Potamogeton robbinsii pondweed, sheathed Potamogeton vaginatus pondweed, slender-leaved Potamogeton filiformis pondweed, small Potamogeton pusillus popcornflower, Scouler’s Plagiobothrys scouleri poplar Populus balsamifera poplar, balsam Populus balsamifera ssp. balsamifera porcupinegrass Stipa spartea prairie crocus Pulsatilla patens ssp. multifida prince’s pine Chimaphila umbellata pussytoes, field Antennaria neglecta pussytoes, low Antennaria dimorpha pussytoes, Nuttall’s Antennaria parvifolia pussytoes, racemose Antennaria racemosa pussytoes, rosy Antennaria microphylla pussytoes, showy Antennaria pulcherrima ssp. pulcherrima pussytoes, tall Antennaria pulcherrima ssp. anaphaloides pussytoes, umber Antennaria umbrinella pussytoes, woodrush Antennaria luzuloides pussytoes, woolly Antennaria lanata

quackgrass Agropyron repens queen’s cup Clintonia uniflora

rabbit-brush Chrysothamnus nauseosus ragwort, dryland Senecio eremophilus ragwort, tansy Senecio jacobaea raspberry, black Rubus leucodermis raspberry, red Rubus idaeus raspberry, trailing Rubus pubescens rattle, yellow Rhinanthus minor rattlesnake-plantain Goodyera oblongifolia rattlesnake-root, purple Prenanthes racemosa rattlesnake-root, western Prenanthes alata redcedar, western Thuja plicata redtop Agrostis gigantea reed, common Phragmites australis reedgrass, Lapland Calamagrostis lapponica reedgrass, narrow-spiked Calamagrostis inexpansa reedgrass, Pacific Calamagrostis nutkaensis reedgrass, purple Calamagrostis purpurascens reedgrass, Scribner’s Calamagrostis scribneri reedgrass, slimstem Calamagrostis stricta

53 COMMON NAME LATIN NAME rein-orchid, Alaska Platanthera unalascensis rein-orchid, one-leaved Platanthera obtusata rein-orchid, round-leaved Platanthera orbiculata rhododendron, Pacific Rhododendron macrophyllum rhododendron, white-flowered Rhododendron albiflorum rice-root, northern Fritillaria camschatcensis ricegrass, little Oryzopsis exigua ricegrass, little-seeded Oryzopsis micrantha ricegrass, rough-leaved Oryzopsis asperifolia ricegrass, short-awned Oryzopsis pungens rockcress, Drummond’s Arabis drummondii rockcress, hairy Arabis hirsuta rockcress, Holboell’s Arabis holboellii rockcress, Lyall’s Arabis lyallii rockcress, lyre-leaved Arabis lyrata rockcress, sickle-pod Arabis sparsiflora rockcress, spreading-pod Arabis divaricarpa rocket, prairie Erysimum asperum rose, baldhip Rosa gymnocarpa rose, clustered wild Rosa pisocarpa rose, Nootka Rosa nutkana rose, prairie Rosa woodsii rose, prickly Rosa acicularis rosebay, Lapland Rhododendron lapponicum roseroot Sedum integrifolium rush, alpine Juncus alpinoarticulatus rush, arctic Juncus arcticus rush, Bolander’s Juncus bolanderi rush, chestnut Juncus castaneus rush, Colorado Juncus confusus rush, common Juncus effusus rush, dagger-leaved Juncus ensifolius rush, Drummond’s Juncus drummondii rush, jointed Juncus articulatus rush, Kellogg’s Juncus kelloggii rush, long-styled Juncus longistylis rush, Mertens’ Juncus mertensianus ssp. mertensianus rush, mud Juncus gerardii rush, Nevada Juncus mertensianus ssp. gracilis rush, Parry’s Juncus parryi rush, slender Juncus tenuis rush, tapered Juncus acuminatus rush, thread Juncus filiformis rush, three-flowered Juncus triglumis rush, toad Juncus bufonius rush, Torry’s Juncus torreyi rush, tuberous Juncus nodosus rush, Vasey’s Juncus vaseyi ryegrass, perennial Lolium perenne

54 COMMON NAME LATIN NAME sage, pasture Artemisia frigida sagebrush, big Artemisia tridentata sagebrush, threetip Artemisia tripartita sagewort, mountain Artemisia arctica St. John’s-wort, bog Hypericum anagalloides St. John’s-wort, common Hypericum perforatum St. John’s-wort, western Hypericum formosum sainfoin Onobrychis viciifolia salal Gaultheria shallon salmonberry Rubus spectabilis salsify, common Tragopogon porrifolius salsify, meadow Tragopogon pratensis salsify, yellow Tragopogon dubius saltgrass, alkali Distichlis stricta saltgrass, seashore Distichlis spicata sand-spurry, beach Spergularia macrotheca sand-spurry, Canadian Spergularia canadensis sand-spurry, red Spergularia rubra sand-verbena, yellow Abronia latifolia sandwort, alpine Minuartia obtusiloba sandwort, big-leaved Moehringia macrophylla sandwort, blunt-leaved Moehringia lateriflora sandwort, boreal Minuartia rubella sandwort, mountain Minuartia biflora sandwort, northern Minuartia rossii sandwort, Nuttall’s Minuartia nuttallii sandwort, seabeach Honkenya peploides sandwort, slender Minuartia tenella sandwort, thread-leaved Arenaria capillaris sanicle, Pacific Sanicula crassicaulis sanicle, Sierra Sanicula graveolens saskatoon Amelanchier alnifolia satin-flower Sisyrinchium douglasii saxifrage, Alaska Saxifraga ferruginea saxifrage, alpine Saxifraga nivalis saxifrage, brook Saxifraga nelsoniana saxifrage, buttercup-leaved Suksdorfia ranunculifolia saxifrage, evergreen Saxifraga aizoides saxifrage, grassland Saxifraga integrifolia saxifrage, leatherleaf Leptarrhena pyrolifolia saxifrage, nodding Saxifraga cernua saxifrage, purple mountain Saxifraga oppositifolia saxifrage, red-stemmed Saxifraga lyallii saxifrage, rusty-haired Saxifraga rufidula saxifrage, spotted Saxifraga bronchialis saxifrage, stoloniferous Saxifraga flagellaris saxifrage, stream Saxifraga odontoloma saxifrage, three-toothed Saxifraga tricuspidata saxifrage, Tolmie’s Saxifraga tolmiei saxifrage, tufted Saxifraga cespitosa

55 COMMON NAME LATIN NAME saxifrage, violet Suksdorfia violacea saxifrage, wedge-leaved Saxifraga adcendens saxifrage, western Saxifraga occidentalis saxifrage, wood Saxifraga mertensiana scheuchzeria Scheuchzeria palustris scouring-rush Equisetum hyemale scouring-rush, dwarf Equisetum scirpoides scouring-rush, northern Equisetum variegatum scouring-rush, smooth Equisetum laevigatum sea blush Plectritis congesta sea-milkwort Glaux maritima seablite Suaeda depressa sedge, awl-fruited Carex stipata sedge, awned Carex atherodes sedge, Bebb’s Carex bebbii sedge, beaked Carex rostrata sedge, bent Carex deflexa sedge, bigleaf Carex amplifolia sedge, black alpine Carex nigricans sedge, black-scaled Carex atrosquama sedge, blunt Carex obtusata sedge, Brewer’s Carex breweri sedge, bristle-leaved Carex eburnea sedge, bristle-stalked Carex leptalea sedge, bronze Carex aenea sedge, brownish Carex brunnescens sedge, Buxbaum’s Carex buxbaumii sedge, capitate Carex capitata sedge, coastal stellate Carex phyllomanica sedge, Columbia Carex aperta sedge, cordroot Carex chordorrhiza sedge, Crawford’s Carex crawfordii sedge, Cusick’s Carex cusickii sedge, Dewey’s Carex deweyana sedge, Douglas’ Carex douglasii sedge, dunhead Carex phaeocephala sedge, Enander’s Carex enanderi sedge, few-flowered Carex pauciflora sedge, few-seeded bog Carex microglochin sedge, field Carex praegracilis sedge, golden Carex aurea sedge, green Carex oederi sedge, grey Carex canescens sedge, hairlike Carex capillaris sedge, harefoot Carex leporina sedge, hay Carex foenea sedge, Henderson’s Carex hendersonii sedge, Holm’s Rocky Mountain Carex scopulorum sedge, Hood’s Carex hoodii sedge, Hudson Bay Carex heleonastes sedge, inflated Carex vesicaria

56 COMMON NAME LATIN NAME sedge, inland Carex interior sedge, large-awned Carex macrochaeta sedge, lens-fruited Carex lenticularis sedge, lesser panicled Carex diandra sedge, long-beaked Carex sychnocephala sedge, long-bracted Carex retrorsa sedge, long-stoloned Carex pensylvanica sedge, long-styled Carex stylosa sedge, low northern Carex concinna sedge, meadow Carex praticola sedge, Mertens’ Carex mertensii sedge, narrow-leaved Carex angustior sedge, narrow-leaved Carex stenophylla sedge, northern clustered Carex arcta sedge, northwestern Carex concinnoides sedge, pale Carex livida sedge, Parry’s Carex parryana sedge, pasture Carex petasata sedge, Payson’s Carex paysonis sedge, Peck’s Carex peckii sedge, poor Carex paupercula sedge, porcupine Carex hystericina sedge, prairie Carex prairea* sedge, Pyrenean Carex pyrenaica sedge, Raynolds’ Carex raynoldsii sedge, Richardson’s Carex richardsonii sedge, Rocky Mountain Carex saximontana sedge, Ross’ Carex rossii sedge, russet Carex saxatilis sedge, ryegrass Carex loliacea sedge, Sartwell’s Carex sartwellii sedge, Scandinavian Carex media sedge, sheathed Carex vaginata sedge, sheep Carex illota sedge, shore Carex limosa sedge, short-beaked Carex simulata* sedge, short-stalked Carex podocarpa sedge, showy Carex spectabilis sedge, single-spiked Carex scirpoidea sedge, Sitka Carex sitchensis sedge, slender Carex lasiocarpa sedge, slender-beaked Carex athrostachya sedge, slough Carex obnupta sedge, small-awned Carex microchaeta sedge, Smokey Mountain Carex proposita sedge, smooth-stemmed Carex laeviculmis sedge, soft-leaved Carex disperma sedge, sparse-leaved Carex tenuiflora sedge, spikenard Carex nardina sedge, Sprengel’s Carex sprengelii

57 COMMON NAME LATIN NAME sedge, teacher’s Carex praeceptorum sedge, tender Carex tenera* sedge, thick-headed Carex macloviana sedge, thread-leaved Carex filifolia sedge, three-seeded Carex trisperma sedge, two-parted Carex bipartita sedge, two-toned Carex albonigra sedge, water Carex aquatilis sedge, woolly Carex lanuginosa sedge, yellow bog Carex dioica ssp. gynocrates sedge, yellow-fruited Carex flava selaginella, compact Selaginella densa selaginella, low Selaginella selaginoides selaginella, northern Selaginella sibirica selaginella, Wallace’s Selaginella wallacei self-heal Prunella vulgaris shepherd’s purse Capsella bursa-pastoris shootingstar, broad-leaved Dodecatheon hendersonii shootingstar, few-flowered Dodecatheon pulchellum shootingstar, Jeffrey’s Dodecatheon jeffreyi shootingstar, slimpod Dodecatheon conjugens sibbaldia Sibbaldia procumbens silverweed Potentilla anserina single delight Moneses uniflora skeletonplant, rush-like Lygodesmia juncea skeletonweed, narrow-leaved Stephanomeria tenuifolia skullcap, blue Scutellaria lateriflora skullcap, marsh Scutellaria galericulata skullcap, narrow-leaved Scutellaria angustifolia skunk cabbage Lysichiton americanum sloughgrass Beckmannia syzigachne smartweed, marshpepper Polygonum hydropiper smartweed, swamp Polygonum hydropiperoides smartweed, water Polygonum amphibium smelowskia, alpine Smelowskia calycina snake-root, black Sanicula marilandica snowberry, common Symphoricarpos albus snowberry, mountain Symphoricarpos oreophilus snowberry, trailing Symphoricarpos mollis snowberry, western Symphoricarpos occidentalis snowbrush Ceanothus velutinus soopolallie Shepherdia canadensis sorrel, garden Rumex acetosa sorrel, mountain Oxyria digyna sour weed Rumex acetosella sow-thistle, annual Sonchus oleraceus sow-thistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis spearmint Mentha spicata spearwort, lesser Ranunculus flammula speedwell, alpine Veronica wormskjoldii speedwell, Cusick’s Veronica cusickii

58 COMMON NAME LATIN NAME speedwell, marsh Veronica scutellata speedwell, purslane Veronica peregrinus speedwell, slender Veronica filiformis speedwell, thyme-leaved Veronica serpyllifolia speedwell, water Veronica anagallis-aquatica sphagnum Sphagnum sphagnum, common brown Sphagnum fuscum sphagnum, common green Sphagnum girgensohnii sphagnum, common red Sphagnum capillaceum spike-rush, beaked Eleocharis rostellata spike-rush, blunt Eleocharis ovata spike-rush, common Eleocharis palustris spike-rush, few-flowered Eleocharis quinqueflora spike-rush, needle Eleocharis acicularis spirea, birch-leaved Spiraea betulifolia spirea, pink Spiraea douglasii ssp. menziesii spirea, pyramid Spiraea pyramidata spirea, subalpine Spiraea densiflora spleenwort, green Asplenium viride spleenwort, maidenhair Asplenium trichomanes sprangle-top Scolochloa festucacea spring gold Lomatium utriculatum springbeauty, heart-leaved Claytonia cordifolia springbeauty, western Claytonia lanceolata spruce, black Picea mariana spruce, Engelmann Picea engelmannii spruce, hybrid white Picea glauca x engelmannii spruce, Roche Picea sitchensis x glauca (= P. x lutzii) spruce, Sitka Picea sitchensis spruce, white Picea glauca spurge, leafy Euphorbia esula starflower, broad-leaved Trientalis latifolia starflower, northern Trientalis europaea starwort, crisp Stellaria crispa starwort, long-leaved Stellaria longifolia starwort, long-stalked Stellaria longipes starwort, northern Stellaria calycantha steer’s head Dicentra uniflora stickseed, blue Hackelia micrantha stickseed, bristly Lappula squarrosa stickseed, many-flowered Hackelia floribunda stickseed, nodding Hackelia deflexa stickseed, sagebrush Hackelia arida stickseed, spreading Hackelia diffusa stickseed, western Lappula redowskii stonecrop, broad-leaved Sedum spathulifolium stonecrop, lance-leaved Sedum lanceolatum stonecrop, Oregon Sedum oreganum stonecrop, spreading Sedum divergens stonecrop, worm-leaved Sedum stenopetalum

59 COMMON NAME LATIN NAME stork’s-bill Erodium cicutarium strawberry, blue-leaved Fragaria virginiana ssp. glauca strawberry, coastal Fragaria chiloensis strawberry, wild Fragaria virginiana strawberry, wood Fragaria vesca strawberry-blite Chenopodium capitatum sumac Rhus glabra sundew, long-leaved Drosera anglica sundew, round-leaved Drosera rotundifolia sweet gale Myrica gale sweet-cicely, blunt-fruited Osmorhiza depauperata sweet-cicely, mountain Osmorhiza chilensis sweet-cicely, purple Osmorhiza purpurea sweet-cicely, western Osmorhiza occidentalis sweet-clover, white Melilotus alba sweet-clover, yellow Melilotus officinalis sweetgrass, alpine Hierochloe alpina sweetgrass, common Hierochloe odorata tamarack Larix laricina tansy, common Tanacetum vulgare tansy, western dune Tanacetum bipinnatum tansymustard, Richardson’s Descurainia richardsonii tansymustard, western Descurainia pinnata tarragon Artemisia dracunculus tarweed, clustered Madia glomerata tarweed, little Madia exigua tarweed, slender Madia gracilis tarweed, woodland Madia madioides tea-berry, western Gaultheria ovatifolia thimbleberry Rubus parviflorus thistle, bull Cirsium vulgare thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense thistle, edible Cirsium edule thistle, Hooker’s Cirsium hookerianum thistle, nodding Carduus nutans thistle, Russian Salsola kali thistle, short-styled Cirsium brevistylum thistle, wavy-leaved Cirsium undulatum three-awn, red Aristida longiseta thrift Armeria maritima timothy Phleum pratense timothy, alpine Phleum alpinum toad-flax, bastard Geocaulon lividum toadflax, dalmatian Linaria dalmatica touch-me-not, common Impatiens noli-tangere touch-me-not, orange Impatiens aurella touch-me-not, spotted Impatiens capensis touch-me-not, spurless Impatiens ecalcarata trapper’s tea Ledum glandulosum

60 COMMON NAME LATIN NAME trefoil, birds-foot Lotus corniculatus trefoil, meadow birds-foot Lotus denticulatus trillium, western Trillium ovatum trisetum, nodding Trisetum cernuum trisetum, spike Trisetum spicatum tumble-mustard, Loesel’s Sisymbrium loeselii tumble-mustard, tall Sisymbrium altissimum twayblade, broad-leaved Listera convallarioides twayblade, heart-leaved Listera cordata twayblade, northern Listera borealis twayblade, northwestern Listera caurina twinberry, black Lonicera involucrata twinflower Linnaea borealis twistedstalk, clasping Streptopus amplexifolius twistedstalk, rosy Streptopus roseus twistedstalk, small Streptopus streptopoides

valerian, marsh Valeriana dioica valerian, Scouler’s Sitka Valeriana sitchensis ssp. scouleri valerian, Sitka Valeriana sitchensis vanilla-leaf Achlys triphylla vernalgrass, sweet Anthoxanthum odoratum vetch, American Vicia americana vetch, common Vicia sativa vetch, giant Vicia gigantea vetch, hairy Vicia villosa vetch, tufted Vicia cracca violet, Alaska Viola langsdorfii violet, Canada Viola canadensis violet, early blue Viola adunca violet, kidney-leaved Viola renifolia violet, marsh Viola palustris violet, northern Viola septentrionalis violet, northern bog Viola nephrophylla violet, Nuttall’s Viola nuttallii violet, round-leaved Viola orbiculata violet, small white Viola macloskeyi violet, stream Viola glabella violet, trailing yellow Viola sempervirens violet, yellow montane Viola nuttallii ssp. praemorsa violet, yellow prairie Viola nuttallii ssp. nuttallii violet, yellow sagebrush Viola nuttallii ssp. vallicola

wallflower, small Erysimum inconspicuum wall-lettuce Mycelis muralis wapato Sagittaria latifolia water-buttercup, small yellow Ranunculus gmelinii water-buttercup, stiff-leaved Ranunculus amphibius water-buttercup, white Ranunculus aquatilis water-buttercup, yellow Ranunculus flabellaris water-hemlock, Douglas’ Cicuta douglasii

61 COMMON NAME LATIN NAME waterleaf, bullhead Hydrophyllum capitatum waterleaf, Pacific Hydrophyllum tenuipes waterlily, fragrant Nymphaea odorata waterlily, pygmy Nymphaea tetragona waterlily, yellow Nuphar lutea water-milfoil, northern spiked Myriophyllum spicatum var. exalbescens water-milfoil, whorled Myriophyllum verticillatum water-parsley Oenanthe sarmentosa water-parsnip Sium sauve water-plantain Alisma plantago-aquatica watershield Brasenia schreberi water-starwort, spring Callitriche palustris wheatgrass, bluebunch Agropyron spicatum wheatgrass, broad-glumed Agropyron violaceum wheatgrass, crested Agropyron pectiniforme wheatgrass, downy Agropyron dasystachyum wheatgrass, slender Agropyron trachycaulum* (Agropyron pauciflorum) wheatgrass, western Agropyron smithii whitlow-grass, spring Erophila verna wild ginger Asarum caudatum wild sarsaparilla Aralia nudicaulis wildrye, blue Elymus glaucus wildrye, Canada Elymus canadensis wildrye, dune Elymus mollis wildrye, fuzzy-spiked Elymus innovatus wildrye, giant Elymus cinereus wildrye, hairy Elymus hirsutus wildrye, Macoun’s x Agrohordeum macounii willow, Alaska Salix alaxensis willow, arctic Salix arctica willow, Athabasca Salix athabascensis willow, balsam Salix pyrifolia willow, Barclay’s Salix barclayi willow, Barratt’s Salix barrattiana willow, Bebb’s Salix bebbiana willow, bilberry Salix myrtillifolia willow, bog Salix pedicellaris willow, Cascade Salix cascadensis willow, coyote Salix exigua willow, Drummond’s Salix drummondiana willow, Farr’s Salix farriae willow, Geyer’s Salix geyeriana willow, grey-leaved Salix glauca willow, hoary Salix candida willow, Hooker’s Salix hookeriana willow, Maccall’s Salix maccalliana willow, Mackenzie’s Salix mackenzieana willow, mountain Salix pseudomonticola willow, netted Salix reticulata

62 COMMON NAME LATIN NAME willow, New England Salix novae-angliae willow, northern bush Salix arbusculoides willow, Pacific Salix lasiandra willow, peach-leaf Salix amygdaloides willow, polar Salix polaris willow, pussy Salix discolor willow, rock Salix vestita willow, sandbar Salix interior willow, Scouler’s Salix scouleriana willow, short-fruited Salix brachycarpa willow, Sitka Salix sitchensis willow, snow Salix reticulata ssp. nivalis willow, soft-leaved Salix sessilifolia willow, stoloniferous Salix stolonifera willow, tea-leaved Salix planifolia willow, variable Salix commutata willow, woolly Salix lanata willowherb, alpine Epilobium anagallidifolium willowherb, broad-leaved Epilobium latifolium willowherb, Hornemann’s Epilobium hornemannii willowherb, purple-leaved Epilobium ciliatum willowherb, small-flowered Epilobium minutum willowherb, smooth Epilobium glaberrimum willowherb, sticky Epilobium glandulosum willowherb, swamp Epilobium palustre willowherb, yellow Epilobium luteum wintergreen, arctic Pyrola grandiflora wintergreen, green Pyrola chlorantha wintergreen, lesser Pyrola minor wintergreen, Nootka Pyrola dentata wintergreen, one-sided Orthilia secunda wintergreen, pink Pyrola asarifolia wintergreen, white Pyrola elliptica wintergreen, white-veined Pyrola picta witchgrass, common Panicum capillare witchgrass, Scribner’s Panicum oligosanthes witchgrass, western Panicum occidentale wolf-willow Elaeagnus commutata wood-reed, nodding Cinna latifolia woodland star, slender Lithophragma tenellum woodland star, small-flowered Lithophragma parviflorum woodland star, smooth Lithophragma glabrum woodrush, arctic Luzula arctica woodrush, curved alpine Luzula arcuata woodrush, many-flowered Luzula multiflora woodrush, Piper’s Luzula piperi woodrush, small-flowered Luzula parviflora woodrush, smooth Luzula hitchcockii woodrush, spiked Luzula spicata woodrush, Wahlenberg’s Luzula wahlenbergii

63 COMMON NAME LATIN NAME woodsia, Oregon Woodsia oregana woodsia, Rocky Mountain Woodsia scopulina woodsia, smooth Woodsia glabella wormwood, northern Artemisia campestris yampah Perideridia gairdneri yarrow Achillea millefolium yarrow, hoary false Chaenactis douglasii yarrow, western Achillea millefolium var. lanulosa yellow bell Fritillaria pudica yellow-cedar Chamaecyparis nootkatensis yerba buena Satureja douglasii yew, western Taxus brevifolia Yorkshire fog Holcus lanatus

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