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Asteraceae of Alberta

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Asteraceae of Alberta AN ILLUSTRATED KEY TO THE ASTERACEAE OF ALBERTA Compiled and writen by Linda Kershaw April 2019 © Linda J. Kershaw This key was compiled using informaton primarily from Moss (1983), Douglas et. al. (1998), and the Flora North America Associaton (2008), with reference to a few other sources (mainly for Solidago, Hieracium and Pilosella). Taxonomy follows VASCAN (Brouillet, 2015) with a couple of exceptons where Flora North America has taken precedence. The main references are listed at the end of the key. Thanks to Lorna Allen, Patsy Coterill and Elisabeth Beaubien for checking the keys and making many helpful suggestons. Please let me know if there are ways in which the keys can be improved. The 2015 S-ranks of rare species (S1; S1S2; S2; S2S3; SU, according to ACIMS, 2015) are noted in superscript (S1;S2;SU) afer the species names. For more details go to the ACIMS web site. Similarly, exotc species are followed by a superscript X, XX if noxious and XXX if prohibited noxious (X; XX; XXX) according to the Alberta Weed Control Act (2016). ASTERACEAE Aster Family Key to Groups 01a Florets all strap-shaped and ♂+♀; juice milky .............................Group 1 01b Florets not all strap-shaped; strap-shaped 1a forets appear as marginal rays (if present) and are either ♀ or sterile; juice usually watery . 02 2a 02a Flowerheads with ray and disc forets. .03 02b Flowerheads with disc forets only (sometimes with a few small, inconspicuous ray forets) . 05 03a Ray forets white, pink, purple, red or blue . 4a .............................Group 2 03b Ray forets yellow or orange (sometimes 2b purplish to reddish-brown at the base) . .04 04a Pappus of papery scales, frm awns, or lacking; receptacles papery, bristly or naked . Group 3 04b Pappus of hair-like or feathery bristles (at least 4b in part); receptacles naked . Group 4 05a Pappus of hair-like or feathery bristles (at least 5a 5b in part). .Group 5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 05b Pappus of scales, awns or short bristles, a → minute crown or none . Group 6 2a 1a → Group 1: Florets all strap-shaped and ♂+♀; plant juice milky 01a Pappus absent (→) . Lapsana communis X 01b Pappus present. .02 02a Pappus reduced to tiny scales (→); rays blue (rarely pink or white) . Cichorium intybus X 02b Pappus well developed, with feathery or hair- like bristles and/or long scales . .03 03a Pappus of simple (sometimes fnely-barbed) 5a hair-like bristles ...................... 04 3a 03b Pappus of feathery bristles and/or scales . 16 04a Stem leaves well-developed, usually much >1 cm wide ............................ 05 5b 04b Stem leaves mostly <1 cm wide, smaller 3b upwards, sometimes scale-like or absent .08 05a Leaves simple, smooth-edged to shallow- toothed; achenes cylindrical . .Nabalus [Prenanthes] 05b Leaves (at least some) pinnatifd; achenes → fattened ........................... 06 06a Achenes beakless, not enlarged at the tip; leaf bases with clasping lobes (→) . Sonchus 06b Achenes usually beaked (beakless in Lactuca 6a biennis), usually with enlarged tips where the → 6b pappus attaches (→); leaves usually lacking → ear-like basal lobes . 07 3 07a Perennial; fruiting involucres 15-20 mm long; 8a → fowers blue. Mulgedium pulchellum [Lactuca pulchella] 07b Annual or biennial; fruiting involucres 9-15 mm long; fowers yellow, blue or whitish . Lactuca 08a Achenes spiny/prickly and tipped with a long, slender beak (→) . Taraxacum 7b 08b Achenes smooth (or nearly so), without a long 7a 8b beak (except in Agoseris) . 09 09a Florets pink (rarely white); stems with small, scale-like leaves .....................10 09b Florets bright yellow to orange or red; stems leafess or with some well-developed (not scale-like) leaves ....................11 10a Perennial; leaves mainly scale-like, rarely over 10a 5 cm long . Lygodesmia juncea 10b 10b Annual; leaves 5-20 cm long; e AB . Shinnersoseris rostrata [Lygodesmia rostrata] 11a Plants with basal leaves only (or nearly so); 11a fowerheads solitary . .12 13a 11b Plants with some stem leaves; fowerheads few to many ........................13 12a Leaves edged with conspicuous, soft, white hairs; se AB. Nothocalais cuspidata S2 12b Leaves not edged without conspicuous white 13b hairs ........................ Agoseris 13a Achenes beakless, not tapered at both ends . ..................................14 13b Achenes often beaked, tapered at both ends . ..................................15 12a 14a 14a Pappus hairs 25-40+, in 1 row and more or less equal in length; achenes 1-2[2.5] mm long with 10 longitudinal ridges ending above in a projecting tooth; plants usually stoloniferous, overwintering as rosettes; exotic weeds . Pilosella [Hieracium, in part] 14b Pappus hairs [30]40-80, in 2 rows with a few 14b shorter than the rest; achenes 2.5-4.5 mm, with 10 longitudinal ridges merging above into a swollen ring round the top; plants never stoloniferous, overwintering as rosettes or lateral bud; native species . Hieracium 15a Rays mostly 20-50 per fowerhead; plants [5]20-70 cm tall . Crepis 15b Rays mostly 9-12 per fowerhead; plants 5-20[30] cm tall . Askellia [Crepis, in part] 15a 15b 4 16a Ray forets pink (at times white); leaves small, mainly on stems, often scale-like; pappus feathery; s AB . Stephanomeria runcinata 16b Ray forets yellow, orange or purple; leaves well-developed ......................17 17a 17a Pappus of scales and/or bristles; sw AB, montane . Microseris nutans S2 17b Pappus feathery .....................18 16a 18a Flowerheads several; involucral bracts in 2 series; leaves lance-shaped, bristly, coarsely toothed; pappus branches not inter-webbed . Helminthotheca echioides X [Picris echioides] 18b Flowerheads single; involucral bracts in 1 series; leaves linear, smooth-edged, not bristly; pappus branches inter-webbed . 18a ......................... Tragopogon 18b - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Group 2: Flowerheads with ray and disc forets, ray forets white, pink, red, purple or blue 1a 01a Receptacles with papery scales or bristles (only near the middle in Anthemis cotula); pappus of scales, awns, short fat bristles, a 1a 1b tiny crown, or sometimes lacking . .02 01b Receptacles naked or with a row of papery scales between the ray and disc forets; pappus various, often of hair-like bristles . .07 02a Stem leaves opposite and well-developed . Galinsoga quadriradiata X [Galinsoga ciliata] 02b Leaves alternate in the stem (mainly) or mostly basal .............................. 03 03a True ray forets lacking, but marginal disc 2a 3a forets sometimes enlarged into irregular, falsely radiate corollas; receptacles with dense 3b bristles that don’t individually hold forets . Centaurea cyanus X 03b Ray forets present; outermost disc forets not conspicuously enlarged; receptacles with papery scales that each hold a foret . .04 04a Ray forets 1.5-4.5 cm long; receptacles cylindrical (→) . Ratibida columnifera 5a 04b Ray forets seldom >1 cm long; receptacles → 4a fattened to conical . 05 05a Ray forets mostly 3-5, <5 mm long; perennial .............................Achillea 05b Ray forets mostly 10-25, mostly 5-10 mm long; annual ........................06 06a Perennial; rays forets yellow Cota tinctoria X [Anthemis tinctoria] 06b Annual or biennial; ray forets white . 6a 6b .................... Anthemis cotula X 5 07a Pappus on disc forets of hair-like bristles (at least in part) ........................08 07b Pappus on disc forets of scales, awns, papery bristles, a tiny crown, or lacking . .19 08a Basal leaves arrowhead-shaped, heart- shaped or palmately lobed . .Petasites 7a 7b 08b Basal leaves not arrowhead- to heart-shaped or palmately lobed . .09 8a 09a Ray forets many, thread-like, scarcely longer than the disc forets; annual .............. Erigeron canadensis [Conyza canadensis] 09b Ray forets few to many, conspicuous, obviously 9b longer than the disc forets (a few exceptions are either perennial or have involucral bracts with frm, pale bases and green tips) . .10 10a Involucral bracts subequal or somewhat overlapping, herbaceous throughout, often 10a green in part but not defnitely leafy or with pale frm/papery bases and green tips; style branches 0-0.5 mm long (except Aster alpinus) ............................ 11 10b Involucral bracts overlapping (like shingles) 10b with pale, frm/papery bases and green tips or 9a pale and frm/papery throughout, if subequal then the outer bracts are leafy; style branches lance-shaped or narrower, sharp-pointed to long-pointed, usually +0.5 mm long . .12 11a Flowerheads solitary with white to violet, 10- 15 mm long ray forets; achenes fattened, hairy, 2-nerved; style branches lance-shaped or narrower, abruptly sharp-pointed to long- pointed, usually +0.5 mm long; plants 10-30cm tall, rather stout and hairy or short-woolly, foothills to alpine . Aster alpinus 11b Plants differing in one or more ways from 11b above; fowerheads 1-many, with or without 11a white, pink, blue or purple ray forets; achenes usually fattened, hairy and 2(-4)-nerved, but sparsely hairy or hairless and 4-7-nerved in E. glacialis, E. hyssopifolius and E. peregrinus; style branches lance-shaped or broader, abruptly sharp-pointed or blunt tipped, 0-0.5 mm long ..................... Erigeron 12a Leaf tips and teeth usually sharp pointed and ending in a tiny spine . .13 12b Leaves without spines . .14 13a Leaves deeply 1-2-times pinnatifd (some or all lobes or teeth acute and bristle-tipped) . .Machaeranthera tanacetifolia S1 13b Leaves smooth-edged or slightly toothed . 13b . Dieteria canescens [Machaeranthera
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