Norwegian Rock Caverns
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NORWEGIAN ROCK CAVERNS NORWEGIAN TUNNELLING SOCIETY PUBLICATION NO. 25 NORWEGIAN TUNNELLING SOCIETY REPRESENTS EXPERTISE IN • Hard Rock Tunneling techniques • Rock blasting technology • Rock mechanics and engineering geology USED IN THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF • Hydroelectric power development, including: - water conveying tunnels - unlined pressure shafts - subsurface power stations - lake taps - earth and rock fill dams • Transportation tunnels • Underground storage facilities • Underground openings for for public use NORSK FORENING FOR FJELLSPRENGNINGSTEKNIKK Norwegian Tunnelling Sosiety [email protected] - www.tunnel.no www.nff.no - www.wtc2017.com Photo: Hæhre Entreprenør AS NORWEGIAN ROCK CAVERNS Publication No. 25 NORWEGIAN TUNNELLING SOCIETY 2016 DESIGN/PRINT BY HELLI - VISUELL KOMMUNIKASJON, OSLO, NORWAY NORWEGIAN TUNLLIN E NG SOCIETY PUBLICAO TI N NO. 25 PUBLICATION NO. 25 © Norsk Forening for Fjellsprengningsteknikk NFF ISBN 978-82-9264-37-8 Front page image: Holmestrand underground railway station. Courtesy: Norwegian National Rail Administration Layout/Print: HELLI - Visuell kommunikasjon AS [email protected] www.helli.no DISCLAIMER “Readers are advised that the publications from the Norwegian Tunnelling Society NFF are issued solely for informational purpose. The opinions and statements included are based on reliable sources in good faith. In no event, however, shall NFF or the authors be liable for direct or indirect incidental or consequential damages resulting from the use of this information.” 2 NORWEGIAN TUNLLIN E NG SOCIETY PUBLICAO TI N NO. 25 FOREWORD The present publication, No. 25 in the English language series from the Norwegian Tunnelling Society NFF, has - as always – the intention of sharing with interna- tional colleagues and friends the latest news and experience in the use of the under- ground. This time we want to show our various use of rock caverns, thus the title “Norwegian Rock Caverns”. One good reason for selecting this topic and title, is that next year, 2017, the World Tunnel Congress (WTC) will take place in Bergen on the Norwegian west coast. And the slogan for the congress is “Surface Challenges, - Underground Solutions.” As we expect that many of the readers of this publication will take part in the WTC in Bergen, we have included examples of rock caverns located in or near Bergen, - Bergen known as “The city with seven mountains.” Technical excursions to many of these caverns will be offered to the WTC participants. On behalf of NFF we express our sincere thanks to the authors and the contributors of this publication. Without their efforts the distribution of Norwegian tunnelling experience would not have been possible. Oslo April 2016 Norwegian Tunnelling Society, NFF - International Committee Einar Broch Elisabeth Grasbakken Øyvind Engelstad Gunnar Gjæringen Editorial Committee 3 CONTENTS FOREWORD................................................................................................................................................................ 3 01. UTILIZATION OF ROCK CAVERNS IN NORWAY ...................................................................................... 9 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................9 2 Caverns for Storing ........................................................................................................................................10 3 Caverns for Municipal Installations ...............................................................................................................11 4 Caverns for Industrial Installations ................................................................................................................12 5 Caverns for Entertainment and Recreation ....................................................................................................13 6 Concluding Remarks ......................................................................................................................................15 References ..........................................................................................................................................................15 02. UTILIZATION OF THE UNDERGROUND FOR INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE BERGEN REGION 17 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................17 2 Types of Caverns ............................................................................................................................................17 3 Maremine Cave ..............................................................................................................................................18 4 Telecommunications Centre ...........................................................................................................................18 5 Oil And Gas ....................................................................................................................................................18 6 Bridge .............................................................................................................................................................20 7 Railway ...........................................................................................................................................................20 8 Hydro Power ..................................................................................................................................................20 9 Roads ..............................................................................................................................................................22 10 Water Treatment Plant ..................................................................................................................................24 11 The Bergen Light Railway ..........................................................................................................................24 12 Underground Parking Facilities ...................................................................................................................24 13 Shelters .........................................................................................................................................................25 14 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................................25 References ..........................................................................................................................................................25 03. PLANNING, DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF LARGE ROCK CAVERNS ...................................... 27 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................27 2 Planning ..........................................................................................................................................................27 3 Design .............................................................................................................................................................30 4 Construction ...................................................................................................................................................33 References ..........................................................................................................................................................35 04. CONTINUED ROCK STRESS AND DISPLACEMENT MEASUREMENTS COMBINED WITH NUMERICAL MODELING AS AN ACTIVE, REALISTIC ROCK ENGINEERING TOOL .................. 37 Abstract ...............................................................................................................................................................37 1 Stress Measurement Methods at SINTEF ......................................................................................................37 2 Stress Monitoring Method at SINTEF �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������39 3 Combination of Stress Measurement ............................................................................................................40 4 Application at Rana Gruber Mine ..................................................................................................................40 5 Conclusions ....................................................................................................................................................43 6 Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................................43 References ..........................................................................................................................................................45 5 ITA – AITES General Assembly and World Tunnel Congress: In the beautiful city of Bergen Norway 9. – 15. June 2017 The Norwegian Tunnelling Society welcomes you! More information at www.wtc2017.com Photo: Scott Sporleder 05. EXPERIENCES FROM UTILIZING NORWEGIAN PROJECT EXECUTION PRINCIPLES IN JRC ROCK CAVERN PROJECT - SINGAPORE ................................................................................................... 47 1 Jurong Rock Caverns