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Afghanistan Strategy Issue 56, 1st Quarter 2010 New Journal from NDU Press PRISM JFQ National Defense University (NDU) is pleased to introduce PRISM, a complex operations journal. PRISM will explore, promote, and debate emerging thought and best practices as civilian capacity increases in operations in order to address challenges in stability, reconstruction, security, coun- terinsurgency, and irregular warfare. PRISM complements Joint Force Quarterly, introduced by General Colin Powell, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, 16 years ago to similarly advance joint force integration and understanding. Complexity in PRISM welcomes articles on a broad range of complex operations issues, especially those that focus on the nexus of civil-military integration. The journal will be published four times a year both online and in hardcopy. Manuscripts submitted to PRISM should be between 2,500 and 6,000 words in length and sent via email to [email protected]. AFGHaniStan StrateGY Call for Entries for the 2010 JOINT FORCE QUARTERLY Secretary of Defense National Security Essay Competition and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Strategic Essay Competition Are you a Joint Professional Military Education (JPME) stu- typically occurs each spring. JPME colleges are free to run their dent? Imagine your winning essay appearing in a future issue own internal competitions to select nominees but must meet of Joint Force Quarterly. In addition, a chance to catch the ear these deadlines: of the Secretary of Defense or the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff on an important national security issue, recognition by n April 27, 2010: colleges submit nominated essays to peers, and monetary prizes await the winners. NDU Press for first round of judging. Who’s Eligible: Students at the JPME colleges, schools, and n May 18–19, 2010: final judging and selection of programs, including Service research fellows and international winners. students. National Defense University Press conducts the What: Research and write an original, unclassified essay in competitions with the generous support of the NDU one or more of the various categories. May be done in conjunc- Foundation. For further information, see your college’s tion with a course writing requirement. Must be selected by essay coordinator or go to: and submitted through your college. www.ndu.edu/inss/Press/NDUPress_SECDEFEC.htm When: Essays may be written any time during the 2009- www.ndu.edu/inss/Press/NDUPress_CSEC.htm 2010 academic year, but students are encouraged to begin the process early and avoid the end-of-academic-year rush that ISSUE ® fifty -SIX, 1 -SIX, U.S. Special Operations Command ST quarter JOINT FORCE QUARTERLY Global Insurgency: Point/Counterpoint Published for the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff by National Defense University Press 2010 National Defense University, Washington, DC JOINT FORCE QUARTERLY JFQ Dialogue Inside NEW for the Center for the Study of Weapons of Mass Destruction st Issue 56, 1 Quarter 2010 3 Ambassadors to the World: A New Paradigm for Public Diplomacy and (WMD Center) Strategic Communication By Robert D. Deutsch from NDU Press Public Engagement 101: What Strategic Communication Is, Isn’t, Col David H. Gurney, USMC (Ret.) 6 Editor and Should Be By Kristin M. Lord [email protected] Case Study 1 Executive Editor Jeffrey D. Smotherman, Ph.D. 10 “Strategic Communication” Is Vague: Say What You Mean Supervisory Editor George C. Maerz By Christopher Paul President Nixon’s Decision to Renounce the U.S. Offensive Production Supervisor Martin J. Peters, Jr. Biological Weapons Program Open Letter Senior Copy Editor Calvin B. Kelley 14 Book Review Editor Lisa M. Yambrick Letters to the Editor In the first of a new series of case studies, coauthors Jonathan B. Tucker 15 Graphic Design Tara J. Parekh and Erin R. Mahan examine President Nixon’s 1969 decision to re- Internet Publications Editor Joanna E. Seich Forum nounce offensive biological weapons. This renunciation of biological Design Chris Dunham and Jeremy Swanston, and toxin weapons was the first time that a major power unilaterally U.S. Government Printing Office abandoned an entire category of armament. The decision opened the 16 Executive Summary way for the 1972 Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention, while Printed in St. Louis, Missouri Afghanistan: Context and What’s Next By Volney F. Warner 18 marking the end of three longstanding assumptions regarding U.S. by chemical and biological weapons policy: that chemical and biological 25 Winning Afghanistan at the Community Level: A Rejoinder to Volney F. Warner and “C” By Christopher D. Kolenda weapons were inextricably linked, that an offensive biological capabil- ity was required for deterrence, and that the United States needed to be A Better War in Afghanistan By John A. Nagl NDU Press is the National Defense University’s 32 prepared to retaliate in kind to a biological weapons attack. cross-component, professional military and academic publishing house. It publishes books, 40 Unified Effort: Key to Special Operations and Irregular Warfare policy briefs, occasional papers, monographs, and in Afghanistan By Christopher J. Lamb and Martin Cinnamond special reports on national security strategy, defense policy, national military strategy, regional security 54 Civil-Military Integration in Afghanistan: Creating Unity of Command affairs, and global strategic problems. By Joshua W. Welle Occasional Paper 7 This is the authoritative, official U.S. Department Special Feature of Defense edition of JFQ. Any copyrighted portions Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction: Looking Back, of this journal may not be reproduced or extracted Interview with Admiral Eric T. Olson, USN, Commander, without permission of the copyright proprietors. Joint 60 Looking Ahead Force Quarterly should be acknowledged whenever U.S. Special Operations Command material is quoted from or based on its content. In this general assessment of the 20 years since the United States began U.S. Special Operations: Context and Capabilities in Irregular Warfare 64 worrying seriously about the risks of regional weapons of mass destruc- By Eric T. Olson COMMUNICATIONS tion (WMD) proliferation, the authors begin by looking back at the Please visit NDU Press and Joint Force Quarterly Countering Irregular Threats: The Army Special Operations Contribution evolution of the countering-WMD enterprise in the Clinton and Bush online at ndupress.ndu.edu for more on upcoming 71 issues, an electronic archive of JFQ articles, and By John F. Mulholland, Jr. administrations. Paul Bernstein, John Caves, and W. Seth Carus close access to many other useful NDU Press publications. this section with some observations on why, in fact, America has not Constructive comments and contributions 76 Adapting Across the Spectrum of Conflict: The Role of Naval been attacked with WMD. Turning to the future, they examine such is- are important to us. Please direct editorial Special Warfare By Edward G. Winters communications to the link on the NDU Press Web sues as creeping proliferation, the likelihood of a “proliferation cascade,” site or write to: other challenges, and initial observations of the Obama administration. 80 Mastering the Art of the Possible: The Air Force Special Operations Command By Donald C. Wurster They conclude that although investments and other efforts have to some Editor, Joint Force Quarterly extent prevented our worst WMD fears from being realized, much re- National Defense University Press Forging Marine Special Operators By Mastin M. Robeson 260 Fifth Avenue, S.W. (Building 64, Room 2505) 85 mains to be done to counter the WMD threat of today and as it is likely Fort Lesley J. McNair to evolve in the future. Washington, DC 20319 Commentary Telephone: (202) 685-4220/DSN 325 Legitimizing Army Psychological Operations By Alfred H. Paddock, Jr. FAX: (202) 685-4219/DSN 325 89 Email: [email protected] The Business of War: The Impact of “PLA, Inc.” on Chinese Officers JFQ online: ndupress.ndu.edu 94 By Dean Cheng Visit the NDU Press Web site for more information on publications at st ndupress.ndu.edu 1 Quarter, January 2010 Israel and the Iranian Nuclear Infrastructure By Brent J. Talbot ISSN 1070-0692 97 Features 104 An Intelligent Theater By James G. Stavridis 109 The Leavenworth Heresy and the Perversion of Operational Art By Justin Kelly and Michael J. Brennan PUBLISHER ADM Michael G. Mullen, USN 117 Can the Army Become a Learning Organization? A Question Reexamined By Anthony J. DiBella PresiDENT, NDU VADM Ann E. Rondeau, USN Pay for Play: Countering Threat Financing By Michael T. Flynn 123 ADVisORY COMMITTee and Simone A. Ledeen Col Michael Belcher, USMC Marine Corps War College A Joint Staff to Believe In By G. John David and Paul S. Reinhart Richard K. Betts Columbia University 128 BG Edward C. Cardon, USA U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Global Insurgency: Myth or Reality? Gen James E. Cartwright, USMC The Joint Staff 134 Maj Gen Maurice H. Forsyth, USAF Air War College 135 The Struggle Against Global Insurgency By Daniel G. Cox RADM Garry E. Hall, USN Industrial College of the Armed Forces LtCol Frank G. Hoffman, USMCR (Ret.)Department of the Navy The Dangers of Mistaking Coherence for Capability By Michael W. Mosser Brig Gen Jimmie C. Jackson, Jr., USAF Air Command and Staff College 140 Carnes Lord U.S. Naval War College Col Jerome M. Lynes, USMC (Ret.) The Joint Staff Recall John A. Nagl Center for a New American Security LtGen John M. Paxton, USMC The Joint Staff Vice Chairmen of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and Leadership of the Joint Col David A. Smarsh, USAF Naval Postgraduate School 144 ADM James G. Stavridis, USN U.S. European Command Requirements Oversight Council By Richard M. Meinhart Maj Gen Robert P. Steel, USAF National War College Unity of Command in the Pacific During World War II By Phillip S. Meilinger LtGen Bernard E. Trainor, USMC (Ret.) 152 RADM James Wisecup, USN Naval War College EDITOrial BOarD Book Reviews Richard K.
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