No. 54957* ___Poland and Estonia Pologne Et Estonie

No. 54957* ____

Poland and Estonia

Treaty between the Republic of Poland and the Republic of Estonia on friendly cooperation and good-neighbourliness in the Baltic region. Tallinn, 2 July 1992 Entry into force: 6 May 1993 by the exchange of the instruments of ratification, in accordance with article 19 Authentic texts: Estonian and Polish Registration with the Secretariat of the United Nations: Poland, 1 February 2018 *No UNTS volume number has yet been determined for this record. The Text(s) reproduced below, if attached, are the authentic texts of the agreement /action attachment as submitted for registration and publication to the Secretariat. For ease of reference they were sequentially paginated. Translations, if attached, are not final and are provided for information only.

Pologne et Estonie

Traité entre la République de Pologne et la République d’Estonie relatif à une coopération amicale et de bon voisinage dans la région de la Baltique. Tallinn, 2 juillet 1992 Entrée en vigueur : 6 mai 1993 par l'échange des instruments de ratification, conformément à l'article 19 Textes authentiques : estonien et polonais Enregistrement auprès du Secrétariat de l'Organisation des Nations Unies : Pologne, 1er février 2018 *Aucun numéro de volume n'a encore été attribué à ce dossier. Les textes disponibles qui sont reproduits ci-dessous sont les textes originaux de l'accord ou de l'action tels que soumis pour enregistrement. Par souci de clarté, leurs pages ont été numérotées. Les traductions qui accompagnent ces textes ne sont pas définitives et sont fournies uniquement à titre d'information. I-54957

[ ESTONIAN TEXT – TEXTE ESTONIEN ]

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[ POLISH TEXT – TEXTE POLONAIS ]

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[TRANSLATION – TRADUCTION] TREATY BETWEEN THE REPUBLIC OF ESTONIA AND THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND ON FRIENDLY COOPERATION AND BALTIC GOOD-NEIGHBOURLINESS

The Republic of Estonia and the Republic of Poland, hereinafter referred to as the Parties, Guided by the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, Confirming the principles contained in the Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, the Charter of Paris for a New Europe and other documents of European cooperation, Convinced of the need to overcome definitively the division of Europe and create a just and lasting European order, Aware of the community of their interests and their shared responsibility for peace, security, understanding and cooperation in a democratic and free Europe that respects human rights, Appreciating the importance of Polish-Estonian relations for the whole of cooperation in Central Europe, the Baltic region and on the European continent, Declaring their will to cooperate on a bilateral level, as well as within international organizations and institutions, in order to develop comprehensive cooperation in the Baltic region, including the restoration and protection of the value of the marine environment of the Baltic Sea region, Expressing the conviction that the principle of good-neighbourliness should govern relations between all States in the Baltic region, irrespective of their location, Desiring to renew and comprehensively develop the precious values of Estonian-Polish relations and bearing in mind the tradition of friendship that binds both countries and nations, Striving to create the basis for friendly coexistence and the development of close cooperation between the Republic of Estonia and the Republic of Poland, Have agreed as follows:

Article 1

1. The Parties shall be guided in their relations by a spirit of mutual respect, trust, equality and partnership based on the primacy of international law, in particular the principles of the respect for sovereignty, the inviolability of borders, territorial integrity and non-interference in internal affairs. 2. The Parties shall strive to create a Europe in which human rights and fundamental freedoms are respected and borders lose their dividing character, to which the elimination of economic and social differences will contribute. 3. Within the framework of the Council of the Baltic Sea States and other organizations and institutions of the Baltic region, the Parties shall create favourable conditions for the development of cooperation and good-neighbourliness in this part of Europe.

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Article 2

1. In accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, the Parties undertake to resolve their disputes exclusively by peaceful means and confirm that they shall refrain from using force or threatening its use in mutual relations. 2. Each Party shall ensure that the activities of its armed forces on its territory shall be conducted in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, the Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, the Charter of Paris for a New Europe and other documents of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe.

Article 3

1. Pursuant to the provisions of relevant documents of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, the Parties shall cooperate so as to maintain and strengthen security on the European continent. 2. The Parties shall implement the agreed pan-European measures to strengthen trust and security. If necessary, the Parties shall agree additional measures of that kind. 3. The Parties shall pay special attention to the issues of strengthening security and trust in the Baltic region.

Article 4

1. The Parties shall actively support the process of nuclear, chemical and biological disarmament. The Parties believe that the reduction of armaments to a degree sufficient for defence and the implementation of the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe will lead to the strengthening of stability and security in Europe. 2. In accordance with the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, the Parties shall cooperate to prevent the proliferation of such weapons in the world, in particular in Central and Northern Europe. 3. The Parties shall take measures to ensure the control of exports of goods and technology that serve peaceful purposes but can be used to produce the weapons referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2. 4. The Parties shall shape their relations in the military field on the basis of separate agreements.

Article 5

1. In the event of a dispute or a situation which, in the view of one Party, threatens or may threaten the maintenance of peace or security in the world or violate international peace or security, in particular where that dispute or situation affects both Parties, the Parties shall promptly consult with each other with a view to seeking possible measures aimed at resolving the dispute or situation that has arisen, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations. 2. In the event that a third State or third States commit an armed attack on one of the Parties, the other Party undertakes not to provide any assistance or support to such State or States

25 I-54957 throughout the duration of the armed conflict and shall strive to resolve that conflict in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations and documents of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe.

Article 6

1. Meetings of the Heads of State and Government shall take place whenever the Parties deem it appropriate. 2. The Ministers for Foreign Affairs shall hold regular consultations on issues of interest to both Parties. 3. The Parties shall develop regular contacts between State executive and administrative bodies and shall create favourable conditions for the development of interparliamentary cooperation.

Article 7

1. The Parties shall promote the development of mutually beneficial economic cooperation, including commercial cooperation, based on market principles, and shall ensure favourable conditions for such cooperation, bearing in mind the need to protect investments, technology, and patent and copyright laws, and shall introduce appropriate legal regulations governing the flow of capital, labour, goods and services. 2. The Parties shall facilitate the development of cooperation between State and private enterprises, as well as other business entities. In particular, they shall support the development of investment and capital cooperation between Estonian and Polish enterprises, making full use of all available promotion measures. Particular attention shall be paid to cooperation between small and medium-sized enterprises. 3. The Parties shall exchange experiences and provide each other with training and other assistance in the process of building and improving the market economy. 4. The Parties shall develop and facilitate scientific and technical cooperation between both States for peaceful purposes on the basis of equality and mutual benefit, bearing in mind the possibilities of modern science and technology.

Article 8

1. The Parties attach great importance to cooperation based on partnership between regions, cities, municipalities and other territorial units. The Parties shall facilitate and support such cooperation in all fields, both through bilateral relations and through participation in the Council of the Baltic Sea States and the Union of Baltic Cities. 2. The Parties shall be guided in regional cooperation by the European Outline Convention on Transfrontier Cooperation between Territorial Communities or Authorities. They shall strive to include such cooperation in the activities of the relevant institutions of the Baltic region. 3. The Parties shall establish a joint intergovernmental commission for regional cooperation and an agreement on the topic shall be concluded for that purpose.

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Article 9

1. The Parties shall cooperate to develop and improve mutual transport links, including transit links, and related infrastructure in all transport modes, including pipelines and power lines. 2. The Parties shall take steps to modernize and improve telecommunications links, in particular telephone, telex and electronic data links. 3. The Parties shall promote cooperation in the fields of transport and communication in Europe, as well as in other parts of the world. Their competent authorities shall conclude separate agreements in that regard that meet international standards and norms.

Article 10

1. The Parties shall cooperate closely in the field of environmental protection and the rational use of natural resources so as to ensure sustainable environmental security in the region, and in particular in the Baltic Sea. They shall expand, foster and create conditions for the improvement of the state of the environment, including the water and air, soils and forests, and the protection of flora and fauna. The Parties shall work to counteract cross-border pollution and shall seek to reduce and eliminate it effectively. They shall also cooperate in the use and development of environmentally clean production and technology. 2. Recognizing the importance of cooperation in the Baltic region in the field of the environment, the Parties shall cooperate closely in the implementation of the Convention on Fishing and Conservation of the Living Resources in the Baltic Sea and Belts, signed in Gdańsk on 13 September 1973 and the Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area, signed in Helsinki on 9 April 1992, as well as other documents related to the protection of the Baltic Sea environment. 3. The Parties shall cooperate and render each other mutual assistance to prevent and eliminate environmental threats and natural disasters. They shall immediately inform each other about such dangers and disasters or about the possibilities of their emergence. 4. The competent authorities of the Parties shall conclude specific agreements on environmental security and cooperation in accordance with international standards. 5. The Parties shall participate in the development of a coordinated environmental strategy in Europe and in the world.

Article 11

1. The Parties shall support the comprehensive development of cooperation in the fields of culture, science and education, and shall apply existing global and European standards defined in particular in the UNESCO conventions and the document of the Symposium on the Cultural Heritage of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe Participating States. 2. The Parties shall, on the basis of existing agreements and programmes between them, intensify and develop cultural exchanges in all areas and at all levels. In particular, they shall support cooperation between their artists' associations, artists, and cultural institutions and organizations, and support direct contacts between Estonian and Polish artists and performers.

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Article 12

1. The Parties shall work to develop cooperation between various types of schools, universities and scientific institutions, inter alia through the exchange of pupils, students and scholarship holders. 2. The Parties confirm their intention to recognize periods of study at and diplomas from each other’s schools and colleges at various levels, as well as academic titles.

Article 13

1. The Parties confirm their readiness to allow all interested persons full access to the language and culture of the other country and shall support State and private initiatives and institutions to that end. 2. The Parties shall increase their support for the dissemination of the literature of the other country. 3. The Parties are strongly in favour of extending the possibilities of learning the language of the other country in universities and other educational institutions. They shall also make efforts to extend the possibilities for Estonian and Polish studies at universities in the other country. 4. The Parties shall cooperate in the exchange of teachers, in the training and continuing education of teaching staff, as well as in developing and sharing study aids.

Article 14

1. Each of the Parties shall facilitate the dissemination of the press, books and audio-visual materials of the other Party. The Parties shall also cooperate in the fields of radio, television and news agencies. 2. In order to disseminate knowledge about each other’s national achievements in the fields of culture, science and education, each Party shall establish cultural institutions in the territory of the other Party, which shall receive broad support from the host countries. 3. Given the special role played by the young generation in shaping mutual relations of understanding between the peoples of both countries, the Governments of the Republic of Estonia and the Republic of Poland shall conclude an agreement on cooperation and the mutual exchange of youth. 4. The Parties shall support the development of contacts between the citizens of both Parties, as well as cooperation between social organizations, political parties, trade unions, churches and religious organizations, sports organizations, foundations and other organizations and social associations.

Article 15

1. The Parties shall be guided by generally accepted international standards regarding the guarantee of human rights and minority rights, in particular those specified in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of the United Nations, the International Human Rights Covenants

28 I-54957 and the documents of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, especially as regards the human dimension. 2. The Parties recognize the freedom of religion as one of the basic human rights. 3. The Parties shall support the citizens of the Republic of Estonia of Polish descent, including the Polish minority in Estonia, and the citizens of the Republic of Poland of Estonian origin in their efforts to preserve and promote their ethnic identity and their own culture.

Article 16

1. The Parties shall support comprehensive cooperation in the field of health and sanitary protection, in particular in the area of preventing and controlling lifestyle and infectious diseases. 2 The Parties shall strive for close cooperation in the fields of work, insurance and social welfare.

Article 17

1. The Parties shall create conditions allowing for legal transactions in civil, family, criminal and administrative matters on the basis of separate agreements. 2. The Parties shall cooperate in the fight against organized crime, terrorism, economic crime, illegal drug and arms trafficking and the illegal trade in works of art, unlawful violations of civil aviation and maritime security, the production and circulation of counterfeit currency, and illegal migration.

Article 18

This Treaty shall be registered with the Secretariat of the United Nations of the United Nations in accordance with Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations.

Article 19

1. This Treaty shall be subject to ratification and shall enter into force on the day of the exchange of ratification instruments, which shall take place in Warsaw. 2. This Treaty is concluded for a period of 15 years. After that period, its validity shall be automatically extended, each time for a five-year period, unless one of the Parties denounces it by notification no later than one year before the end of the given period of validity. DONE at Tallin, on 2 July 1992, in duplicate, each copy in the Estonian and Polish languages, both texts being equally authentic.

For the Republic of Estonia: [SIGNED]

For the Republic of Poland: [SIGNED]