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Howʼs Life in Estonia?

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Howʼs Life in Estonia? How’s Life in Estonia? How’s Life in Estonia? Estonia’s current well-being, 2018 or latest available year CIVIC INCOME AND ENGAGEMENT WEALTH Hav ing House- House- no say in hold Voter hold gov ernment* income turnout w ealth S80/S20 SOCIAL Lack of income social share ratio* CONNECTIONS HOUSING support* Housing Social affordability inter- actions Ov er- crow ding WORK-LIFE Gender rate* BALANCE gap in hours Employ - w orked* ment rate Time off Gender WORK AND w age gap* JOB QUALITY Gender gap in feeling Long hours in paid safe SAFETY w ork* Homicides* Life Negativ e ex pectancy affect Gap in life SUBJECTIVE balance* Life ex pectancy by education HEALTH WELL-BEING satisfaction Student Ex posure to (men)* Access Students skills in outdoor air to green w ith science pollution* space low skills* AVERAGE KNOWLEDGE INEQUALITY ENVIRONMENTAL AND SKILLS QUALITY Note: This chart shows Estonia’s relative strengths and weaknesses in well-being compared to other OECD countries. Longer bars always indicate better outcomes (i.e. higher wellbeing), whereas shorter bars always indicate worse outcomes (lower well-being) – including for negative indicators, marked with an *, which have been reverse-scored. Inequalities (gaps between top and bottom, differences between groups, people falling under a deprivation threshold) are shaded with stripes, and missing data in white. Estonia’s resources for future well-being, 2018 or latest available year Natural Capital Economic Capital Human Capital Social Capital Educational Greenhouse gas Produced fixed assets attainment of young Trust in others emissions per capita adults ... Financial net worth of Trust in Material footprint Premature mortality government government Red List Index of Labour Gender parity in Household debt threatened species underutilisation rate politics Note: ❶=top-performing OECD tier, ❷=middle-performing OECD tier, ❸=bottom-performing OECD tier. ➚ indicates consistent improvement; ↔ indicates no clear or consistent trend; ➘ indicates consistent deterioration, and “…” indicates insufficient time series to determine trends since 2010. For methodological details, see the Reader’s Guide of How’s Life? 2020. HOW’S LIFE? 2020 © OECD 2020 2 For more information Access the complete publication, including information about the methods used to determine trends at: https://doi.org/10.1787/9870c393-en. Find the data used in this country profile at: http://oecd.org/statistics/Better-Life-Initiative-2020-country- notes-data.xlsx. Deprivations in Estonia Deprivations in selected indicators of current well-being, 2018 or latest available year ESTONIA 16% 40% of the population live in relative would be at risk of falling into poverty if they income poverty had to forgo 3 months of their income 18% 8% of poor households spend more than of the population report low 40% of their income on housing costs life satisfaction 6% 15% say they have no friends or family are not satisfied with how they to turn to in times of need spend their time Source: OECD (2020), How’s Life? 2020: Measuring Well-Being Note: Relative income poverty refers to the share of people with household disposable income below 50% of the national median; financial insecurity refers to the share of individuals who are not income poor, but whose liquid financial assets are insufficient to support them at the level of the national relative income poverty line for at least three months; housing cost overburden refers to the share of households in the bottom 40% of the income distribution spending more than 40% of their disposable income on housing costs; and low satisfaction with life and with time use refer to the share of the population rating their satisfaction as 4 or lower (on a 0-10 scale). HOW’S LIFE? 2020 © OECD 2020 3 Inequalities between men and women in Estonia Gender ratios (distance from parity) for selected indicators of current well-being, 2018 or latest available year Earnings 0.72 Feeling safe 0.76 Hours worked 0.86 (paid and unpaid) Perceived health 0.91 Employment rate 0.91 Time off 0.94 Having a say in 0.95 government Adult skills (numeracy) 0.98 Student skills (science) 1.01 Social support 1.01 Satisfaction with 1.03 personal relationships Life satisfaction 1.03 Social interactions 1.06 Life expectancy 1.12 Long-term 1.23 unemployment rate Job strain 1.28 Long working hours // 2.40 (in paid work) Homicide victims // 3.45 Deaths from suicide, // 5.87 alcohol, drugs Men doing better OECD average Women doing better Note: Grey bubbles denote no clear difference between men and women, defined as gender ratios within 0.03 points distance to parity. HOW’S LIFE? 2020 © OECD 2020 4 Inequalities between age groups in Estonia Age ratios (distance from parity) for selected indicators of current well-being, 2018 or latest available year A. Younger and middle-aged people Employment rate // 0.50 Job strain 0.80 Earnings 0.85 Adult skills (numeracy) 1.00 Feeling safe 1.02 Satisfaction with personal relationships 1.02 Life satisfaction 1.05 Satisfaction with time use 1.07 Social support 1.08 Having a say in government 1.19 Long-term unemployment rate 1.24 Long working hours (in paid work) // 2.16 Middle-aged people doing better OECD average Younger people doing better B. Younger and older people Employment rate 0.62 Satisfaction with time use 0.96 Job strain 0.99 Satisfaction with personal relationships 1.03 Adult skills (numeracy) 1.05 Earnings 1.10 Social support 1.12 Life satisfaction 1.15 Feeling safe 1.18 Long working hours (in paid work) 1.36 Long-term unemployment rate // 1.83 Having a say in government // 2.03 Older people doing better OECD average Younger people doing better Note: Age ranges differ according to each indicator and are only broadly comparable. They generally refer to 15-24/29 years for young people, 25/30 to 45/50 years for the middle-aged and 50 years and over for older people. See How’s Life? 2020 for further details. Grey bubbles denote no clear difference between age groups, defined as age ratios within 0.03 points distance to parity. HOW’S LIFE? 2020 © OECD 2020 5 Inequalities between people with different educational attainment in Estonia Education ratios (distance from parity) for selected indicators of current well-being, 2018 or latest available year Job strain // 0.13 Long-term // 0.40 unemployment rate Perceived health 0.70 Earnings 0.75 Having a say in 0.78 government Life satisfaction 0.92 Employment rate 0.94 Social support 0.98 Satisfaction with 0.98 personal relationships Satisfaction with time 0.99 use Feeling safe 0.99 Long working hours // 1.51 (in paid work) People with tertiary education doing better OECD average People with upper secondary education doing better Note: Grey bubbles denote no clear difference between groups with different educational attainment, defined as education ratios within 0.03 points distance to parity. HOW’S LIFE? 2020 © OECD 2020 6 Inequalities between top and bottom performers in Estonia Vertical inequalities for selected indicators of current well-being, 2018 or latest available year Household income of the top 20% relative to the bottom 20% Share of wealth owned by the top 10%, percentage 12 90 80 10 70 8 60 55.7 51.7 50 6 5.4 5.3 40 4 30 20 2 10 0 0 Earnings of the top 10% relative to the bottom 10%, PISA score in science of the top 10% relative to the bottom 10% full-time employees 6 2 1.67 5 1.54 4 3.8 3.4 3 1 2 1 0 0 Life satisfaction scores of the top 20% relative to the bottom 20% Satisfaction with time use scores of the top 20% relative to the bottom 20% 4 4 3 3 2.78 2.62 2.3 2.1 2 2 1 1 0 0 Note: For all figures, countries are ranked from left (most unequal) to right (least unequal). HOW’S LIFE? 2020 © OECD 2020 7 Trends in current well-being since 2010 in Estonia - I Household income (household net adjusted disposable income, Average USD at 2017 PPPs*, per capita) EST OECD ~21 000 ~ 28 000 Household wealth Average (median net wealth, USD at 2016 PPPs) EST OECD ~72 000 ~162 000 Income andIncome Wealth S80/S20 income share ratio (the household income for the top 20%, Inequality divided by the household income for the bottom 20%) OECD EST 5.4 5.3 Housing affordability (share of disposable income remaining after Average housing costs) OECD EST 79.2 83.2 Housing Overcrowding rate (share of households living in overcrowded Inequality conditions) OECD EST 12 9 Employment rate (employed people aged 25-64, as a share of Average the population of the same age) OECD EST 76.5 80.4 Gender wage gap (difference between male and female median Inequality wages expressed as a share of male wages) EST OECD 28.3 12.9 Work and Job Quality Long hours in paid work (share of employees usually working 50+ Inequality hours per week) OECD EST 7 2.7 Life expectancy (number of years a newborn can expect to Average Health live) EST OECD 78.2 80.5 Note: The snapshot depicts data for 2018, or the latest available year, for each indicator. The colour of the circle indicates the direction of change, relative to 2010, or the closest available year: = consistent improvement, = consistent deterioration, = no clear trend, and white for insufficient time series to determine trends. The OECD average is marked in black. For methodological details, see the Reader’s Guide of How’s Life? 2020. * = Purchasing Power Parity. HOW’S LIFE? 2020 © OECD 2020 8 Trends in current well-being since 2010 in Estonia - II Student skills in science Average Skills (PISA mean scores) OECD EST 489 530 Knowledge and Exposure to outdoor air pollution Inequality (share of population > WHO threshold) OECD
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