Index

AAL, Inc.,302 and unfair labor practices, 60–62 A&L Underground, 268 Administrative Procedure Act, 247 ABC Automotive Products Corp., 300 Adversary-relationship model, 233 ABF Freight Systems, 295 Advertisers Manufacturing Company, Abilities & Goodwill, Inc., 304 318 Able v. United States,360 AFL. See American Federation of Abood v. Detroit Board of Education, Labor 338, 341 AFL-CIO. See American Federation of ABS Co., 302 Labor-Congress of Industrial Abusive working environment, 211 Organizations Access, to private property, 73–74, AFL-CIO v. Alaska Airlines, Inc.,304 76–77 AFL-CIO v. Lubbers,269 Access Control Systems,294 AFL-CIO v. Marshall, 348 ACF Industries,268 AFL-CIO v. OSHA, 349 Ackley v. Western Conference of AFSCME v. Woodward, 344 Teamsters,339–340 AFT. See American Federation of ACL Corp., 259 Teachers Acri v. International Association of Age discrimination, 219–221 Machinists,339 Age Discrimination in Employment Action committee, 52 Act of 1967, 163, 219–220 Acuffv.UnitedPapermakers,325,335 Agency shop, 53 Adams, William, ix–x Agenda for Reform,323 Adams v. Florida Power Corp., 362 Aggregations, 13 AdarandContractors,Inc.v.Pena,365 Agricultural Labor Relations Board v. Ad hoc arbitration, 143 Superior Court,275 Administrative law judge Agricultural Relations Act of 1975, remedies and the Labor Reform Bill 248 of 1978, 132–135 Agricultural workers, 35 Aguilera v. Pirelli Armstrong Tire, 246 Amalgamated Meat Cutters and Butcher Aiken v. Employer Health Services, Inc., Workmen of North America v. Great 368 Western Food Company, 327 Airline Pilots Association, International, Amazing Stores, Inc. v. NLRB,288 335 Ambiguity of rules, 71 Airline Pilots Association, International American Arbitration Association, v. O’Neill, 334 143 Airline Pilots Association v. Alaska American Bar Association, 143 Airlines, 304 American Biomed Ambulette, Inc., 272 Airline Pilots Association v. United American Can Co., 238 Airlines, Inc.,304 American Electric Power Co., 315 Airline workers, 140 American Federation of Government Air traffic controllers, 194 Employees, AFL-CIO v. Skinner, 371 Alamo Cement Co., 310 American Federation of Labor Albermarle Paper Co. v. Moody,221 (AFL), 2, 13–14 Albertson’s, Inc. v. Kirkingburg,361 American Federation of Labor- Albertson’s, Inc. v. Carrigan,246 Congress of Industrial Organiza- Albuquerque Insulation Contractor, 291 tions (AFL-CIO) Alcohol abuse, 229–232 Building Trades Department, 85 Alden v. Maine,224 No Raiding Pact, 95 Alessi v. Raybestos-Manhattan, Inc.,348 public sector, 189 Alexander v. Gardner-Denver, 161–164 wage drift, 234 Alldata Corp. v. NLRB,295 American Federation of Labor v. NLRB, Alleluia Cushion Company, 294 259 Allentown Mack Sales & Service, Inc. v. American Federation of State, NLRB, 260 County, and Municipal Employees, Allen v. Amalgamated Transit Union, 188–189 364 American Federation of State, County, Allied International, Inc.,248 and Municipal Employees, AFL-CIO v. Allied Lettercraft Co., Inc., 272 Woodward,344 Allied Mechanical Services v. NLRB, American Federation of State, County, 303 and Municipal Employees v. State of Allied Systems v. Teamsters Committee, Washington, 358 328 American Federation of Teachers Allis-Chalmers Corp. v. Lueck,245,370 (AFT), 188–189 Allocations, 13 American Hospital Association v. NLRB, Ally doctrine, 84–85 256 Alvey v. General Electric Co.,339 American labor law Amalgamated Association of Street, conclusion, 233–235 Electric Railway & Motor Coach dispute resolution in the established Employees v. Lockridge, 244 relationship, 139–167 Amalgamated Dental Union Local 32-A duty of fair representation, 169–184 v. NLRB, 278 economic pressure and bargaining AmalgamatedFoodEmployeesUnionv. tactics in, 97–128 Logan Valley Plaza,277 establishing collective bargaining Amalgamated locals, 5 relationship, 65–96

376 Index industrial relations prior to modern Antidiscrimination statutes, 203. See legislation, 9–26 also specific statutes National Labor Relations Act and, Antitrust legislation, 240 27–47 establishing collective bargaining overview, 1–7 relationship, 83 public-interest labor law, 197–232 industrial relations and labor law public sector, 185–195 prior to modern legislation, 13, remedies and the Labor Reform Bill 15–20, 24–26 of 1978, 129–138 remedies and the Labor Reform Bill unfair labor practices, 49–64 of 1978, 136 American Machine Corp. v. NLRB, 305 Antiunion communications, 65 American Meat Packing Co.,317 Appalachian Shale Products Co.,294 American Petroleum,349 Appeals, 130, 135 American Potash & Chemical Corp., 253 Application agreements, 163 American Radio Association, AFL-CIO, Appropriate unit of workers et al. v. Mobile Steamship Association, establishing collective bargaining Inc., 247 relationship, 65–96 American Seating Corp.,294 overview, 40–45 American Ship Building Company v. unfair labor practices and, 57 NLRB, 109–112, 114, 126, 273, A.P.R.A. Fuel Buyers Group, 36, 249 307–308 AquaChem, Inc., 306 American Textile Manufacturers, Inc. v. Aratex Services, Inc.,269 Donovan, 349 Arbitrary treatment, protection American Tobacco Co. v. Patterson,353 against, 233 Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990, Arbitration, 32 215, 219 advantages, 144–145 Ameron Automotive Center, a Division of attractions, 146 the Kelly-Springfield Tire Co.,281 clauses, 190 AMF Bowling Co. v. NLRB, 318 compulsory, 193, 195 Amoco Fabrics and Fiber Co., ex parte, definition, 139–143 369 duty of fair representation, 170–171 Amundsen, Norman, xxi employment discrimination, 161– Anaconda Aluminum Co.,300 162 Anaconda Wire and Cable Co.,330 limitations, 148–150 Anchortank,Inc.v.NLRB, 294 minimum-standards legislation, Ancor Concepts, Inc.,308 162–166 Anderson v. City of Bessemer City,352 National Labor Relations Board, Andrews v. City of Philadelphia,357 158–159 Aneco, Inc., in re,252 overview, 4 ‘‘Animal exuberance,’’ 100, 297 process, 146–147 Ansonia Board of Education v. Philbrook, public sector, 166–167, 188, 195 361 remedies and the Labor Reform Bill Anthracite Coal Commission, 141 of 1978, 138 ‘‘Anticombination’’ statutes, 9 role of courts, 150–155 Antidemocratic effect, of attendance subject matter of disputes, 148 rules on eligibility for office, 179 welfare legislation, 162–166

377 Index Area-wage-standard picketing, 81 Auto Workers v. NLRB,287 Arizona Governing Committee for Tax Avecor,Inc.v.NLRB, 288 Deferred Annuity v. Norris,355 Arlan’s Dept. Store, 300 Babbittv.UFW, 345 Arledge v. Stratmar Systems, Inc.,368 Baby Norris-LaGuardia Acts, 155 Arlington,305,320 Back-pay hearings, 36, 102, 122, 130– Armendariz case, 165 131, 136 Armored Transport of California, Inc., Backus v. Baptist Medical Center,351 319 Bad faith, in establishing collective Arnett v. Kennedy, 346 bargaining relationship, 89, 126, Arrow Automotive Industries, Inc. v. 128, 170 NLRB, 315 Bakke case, 222 Asarco, Inc., 337 Ballot clause, 117 Asmus v. Pacific Bell, 369 Baltimore Orioles, 39 Assadv.Mt.SinaiHospital, 336 BaltimoreSunCo.v.NLRB, 255 Associated Builders & Contractors of Bankers Club, Inc., 281 Rhode Island, Inc. v. City of Bankey v. Storer Broadcasting Co.,369 Providence,246 Barbieri v. United Technologies Corp.,246 Associated Builders v. Baca,246 Barela v. C.R. England & Sons, Inc.,366 Associated Contractors of Massachusetts, Bargaining tactics, in established Inc. v. Altshuler, 364 relationship, 97–128 Associated General Contractors of Barrentine v. Arkansas-Best Freight California,Inc.v.CaliforniaState System,331 Council of Carpenters,286 Base Wyandotte Corp., 262–263 Associated General Contractors v. Basic Vegetable Products, Inc., 331 Metropolitan Water District,246 Batchelder v. Allied Stores Int’l, Inc.,277 AT&T Technologies, Inc. v. Commu- Baton Rouge Waterworks Co.,324 nications Workers of America, 326 Bauman v. Presser,339 Athey Products Corp., 312 Bausch & Lomb Optical Co., 253 Atkinson v. Sinclair Roofing Co., 328 BE & K Construction Co. v. NLRB,281 Atkins v. City of Charlotte,344 Bearden and Company d/b/a, D.A. Atlantic Forest Products, 261 Collins Refractories,295 ATT&T Corp., in re, 315 Bear Truss, Inc., 272 August A. Busch & Co. of Beck v. Communications Workers,341– Massachusetts, Inc.,329 342 Australia, craft unions in, 43 Belknap, Inc. v. Hale, 109, 307 Authorization cards, union, 42, 88– Bell Atlantic Corp., 315 91, 93–94 Bellinev.K-MartCorp., 368 Automobile industry, 233 Bellmore v. United Methodist Children’s Automobile Salesmen’s Union Local 1095 Home,361 v. NLRB, 250, 299 Bell Transit Company, 311 Autonomous governmental Bell v. Birmingham Linen Service,352 mediation unit, 143 Ben Shalom v. Marsh, 360 Auto Worker Local 259 v. NLRB,311 Bentz Metal Products Co., in re,246 Auto Workers v. Hoosier Cardinal Corp., Benz v. Compania Naviera Hidalgo, S.A, 336 247

378 Index Berke v. Ohio Dept. of Public Welfare,356 Bob’s Big Boy Family Restaurant, 314 Berks, Paul, ix Bock v. Westminster Mall Co.,277 Bernard v. IMI Systems, Inc., 366 Boehner, John, 264–265 Best Products, Co.,257 Bohemia,318 Bethea Baptist Home,309 Boich Mining Co.,285 Beth Israel Hospital v. NLRB,281 Boire v. Greyhound Corp.,258 Bethlehem Steel Corp. v. Occupational Boise Cascade Corp. v. NLRB,313 Safety and Health Review Commission, Bok, D., 12 349 Bollard v. The California Province of the Betriebsrate,4 Society of Jesus, 360 Bettcher Mfg. Corp., 296 Bona fide occupational qualifications, Beverly California Corp., 321 203–204 Beverly Enterprises-Hawaii, d/b/a Hale Bona fide seniority systems, 206 Nani Rehabilitation & Nursing Bonds, Barry, 39 Center,275 Borden v. Amoco Coastwise Trading Co., Bias, 163 366–367 Bill Johnson’s Restaurants v. NLRB, Borg-Warner, 114–117, 143, 313 280–281, 296 Borman’s Inc. v. NLRB,298 Bill of Rights, 15–16 Boston Harbor, 246 Bin-Dicator Co.,273 Boston Medical Center,249 Binding interest arbitration, 142, 195 Boston Shipping Association, Inc. v. Bingham-Willimette Co., 301 International Longshoremen’s Bishop Mugavero Center,258–259 Association (AFL-CIO),325 Bishop v. Wood,346 Bostrom Discussion, VOP, Inc.,315 Black, Hugo, 101, 155 Bowen v. U.S. Postal Service, 161 Blacklisting, of union members, 24 Bowie Hall Trucking, Inc.,254 ‘‘Blackmail’’ picketing, 57, 82 Boycott signs, in or on cars, 101 Blackmun, Harry, 120, 122, 207, 214, Boycotts 306, 349, 356, 361, 364 establishing collective bargaining Black v. Cutter Laboratories,252 relationship, 82–83, 85–88 Black v. Ryder/P.I.E. Nationwide, 338 industrial relations and labor law Black Workers in White Unions,323 prior to modern legislation, 13–14, Blair Labor government, 56 16–17, 26 ‘‘Blocking’’ resolution of representation unfair labor practices and, 56–58 issue, 47 Boy Scouts of America v. Dale, 360 Bloom v. NLRB,342 Boys Market,155–157,328 Blue Flash Express,259 BPS Guard Service, Inc., 315 Bluestein v. Skinner, 371 Brandeis,Louis,18–20,22 Board of Control of Ferris State College v. Branti v. Finkel, 346 Michigan AFSCME, Council 25, Local Breach of contract, 31, 145–156 1609, 333 Breach-of-labor cases, 151 Board of Regents v. Roth,346 ‘‘Bread-and-butter unionism,’’ 6 Board of Trustees of University of Breininger v. Sheet Metal Workers,335 University of Alabama v. Garrett,365 Brennan, William, 80, 118, 162, 207, Bob Evans Farms, Inc. v. NLRB,299– 284, 338, 352, 361, 364, 371 300 Brennan’s Cadillac, Inc.,293

379 Index Breyer, Stephen, 103, 155, 260 Burns v. McGregor Electronics Industries, Britain 356–357 craft unions in, 43 Burnup & Sims, 274 organized labor in, 3–4 Burruss Transfer, Inc.,319 unfair labor practices in, 54–56 Bus strike, 192 BroadwayMotorTrucksv.NLRB,314 Bush, George H.W., 209, 247 Brodie v. General Chemical Corp., 369 Bush,GeorgeW.,xiii,5,27,187–188, Brook Research and Manufacturing, 306 247 Brooks v. NLRB,293 Business, cessation of between Brooms v. Regal Tube Co.,357 primary employer and other Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen and employers, 83–84 Enginemen v. National Mediation Business Services by Manpower, Inc., 302 Board,304 ‘‘Business unionism,’’ 6 Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen v. Jacksonville Terminal Co., 304 Cadbury Beverages, Inc. v. NLRB, 274 Brower, Todd, xxi Cafeterias, 79–80 Brown v. Hotel Employees, 245 Cahill v. Cobb Place Associates, 277 Brown v. Professional Football, 237 Calhoon v. Harvey,341 Brunswick Food & Drug, 261 California Angels, 39 Bryan Manufacturing,268 California Distribution Centers, Inc., 305 Brylane, L.P., in re, 292 California Federal Savings & Loan Buffalo Forge Co. v. United Steelworkers, Association v. Guerra,354 328 California Saw & Knife Works, 342–343 Buffalo Linen, 307–308 Canteen Co.,330 Building and Construction Trades Caperciv.Huntoon, 364 Council v. Associated Building and Capitol Steel and Iron Co.,330 Contractors of Massachusetts/Rhode Captain Nemo’s,259 Island, Inc.,246 Captive-audience meeting, 80, 101 Building & Construction Trades Carbon Fuel v. United Mine Workers, Department v. Allbaugh,247 328 Building Service Employees v. Gazzam, 283 Carey v. Brown,286 ‘‘Building block,’’ for organizing, 41 Carey v. Westinghouse Electric Corp.,329 Building Trades Department, AFL- Carino v. University of Oklahoma Board CIO, 85 of Regents, 356 Bulletin boards, posting union Carleton College v. NLRB, 298 notices on, 80 Carpenters Local 610 v. Scott, 297 Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms Carpenter Steel Co., 265 v. Federal Labor Relations Authority, Carusi v. Ward,371 347 Carvel Corporation,284 Burger, Warren, 349 Cary,Ron,181–182 Burlington Northern & Santa Fe Casa Italiana Language School, 251 Railway Co. v. Brotherhood of Cascade Corporation, 313 Maintenance Way Employees,301 Cashway Lumber, Inc.,282 Burlington Northern Railroad Co. v. Caterair International, 293 Brotherhood of Maintenance of Way Caterpillar Inc., 298, 299, 333 Employees, 284 Caterpillar Inc. v. Williams,245,370

380 Index Caterpillar Tractor Co. v. NLRB,300 Chipman Freight Services, Inc. v. NLRB, Catholic Bishop, 252 285 Catholic High School Association v. Christian sacramental traditions, 216 Culbert, 251 Christ The King Regional High School v. CBS Corp. f/k/a Westinghouse Corp., Culvert,251 Science & Technology Center,316 Chrysler Worker’s Association v. Chrysler Cease-and-desist order, 99, 116 Corp., 340 C.E.K. Indus. Mechanical-Contractors, Cincinnati Newspaper Guide, Local 9 v. Inc. v. NLRB,2 NLRB,313 Central Hardware Co. v. NLRB,73 Cincinnati Suburban Press,297 Central Illinois Public Service Company, CIO. See Congress of Industrial 307 Organizations Centralized bargaining structure, 3 Circuit City, 165–166 Central Labor Federation (LO), CityandCountyofDenverv.Denver Sweden, 3 Firefighters, Local 858 AFL-CIO,333 Central Metallic Casket Co., 311 City of Boerne v. Flores,361 Centre Engineering, 261 City of Los Angeles Dept. of Water & Century Aluminum v. Steel Workers, 328 Power v. Manhart,355 Century Brass Products, Inc. v. Inter- City of Madison, Joint School District No. national Union, UAW, in re,310 8 v. Wisconsin Employment Relations ChamberofCommercev.Lockyer,94 Commission, 345 ChamberofCommercev.Reich, 303 City of Midland v. O’Bryant,368 Chambersburg County Market, 268 City of Plattsburgh v. Local 788 and New Chance v. Board of Engineers, 351 York Council 66, AFSCME, AFL-CIO, Chao v. Mallard Bay Drilling, Inc.,348 333 Chardon v. Fernandez,268 City of Richmond v. Croson, 365 Charitable solicitation, 72 City of West Des Moines v. Engler,277 Charles D. Bonanno Linen Service, Inc. Civil Rights Act of 1866, 209 v. NLRB,308 Civil Rights Act of 1871, 297 Charleston Joint Ventures v. McPherson, Civil Rights Act of 1964, 149, 161, 277 174, 197, 219 Chelsea Industries, Inc.,293 Civil Rights Act of 1991, 197–198, Chemung Contracting Corp., 268, 309 205, 208, 212, 219, 352–354 ChevronUSA,Inc.v.Echazabal,361 Civil rights boycott, 88 Chicago Beef Co.,304 Civil Service Reform Act of 1970, 185, Chicago Rawhide Mfg. Co. v. NLRB, 189, 191 262–263 Clackamas Gastroenterology Assocs., P.C. Chicago Teachers, Union Local No.1 v. v. Wells,362 Hudson,343 Clairborne v. Illinois Central Railroad, Chicago Tribune Co.,371 363–364 Chicago Tribune Co. v. NLRB, 303, Clark v. Hein-Werner Corp.,335 305 Clayton Antitrust Act, 15–20, 25, 240 Children’s Hospital Medical Center v. Cal Clayton v. International Union, UAW, Nurses Association,300 335 Chilson v. Polo Ralph Lauren Retail ‘‘Clear and flagrant’’ violation, 134 Corp., 367 ClearPineMouldings,Inc.,301

381 Index Cleveland Board of Education v. exclusivity, 66–68 Loudermill, 346 industrial relations and labor law Cleveland Real Estate Partners,280 prior to modern legislation, 21 Climate Control Corporation,303 obligation to bargain, 66–68 C-Line Express,304 organization, 65–66 Cline v. General Dynamics Land Systems, organizational picketing, 80–82 Inc.,362 recruitment, 65–66 Clinton, Bill, vii–viii, xiv–xv, 52, 106, secondary picketing, 82–88 209, 215, 247, 264 union access to company property, Closed shop, 16, 53–56, 173 71–80 Clothing industry, 141 Collier Electric Co.,312 Coal strike of 1978, 104 Collins v. Shell Oil Co.,360 Coamo Knitting Mills, 262 Collyer Insulated Wire,329 Coastal Stevedoring Co., 286 Cologne v. Westfarms Association, 278 Coca-Cola Bottling of Los Angeles, 255, Colorado-Ute Electric Association v. 269 NLRB, 312–313 Coercive impact, 92 Colortech Corp., 261 Coffee shops, 79 Columbia Broadcasting System v. Cohen, Sheila, xv American Recording v. Broadcasting Colfax Corp. v. Illinois State Highway Association, 294 Toll Authority,246 ‘‘Commerce,’’ dispute held to be in, Colgate-Palmolive Co., 312 34 Collective bargaining process Commerce Clause, Constitutional, court-enforceable contracts, 31–32 28, 32 dispute resolution in established Commercial arbitration, 153 relationship, 141–142, 144, 151– Committees, 52 154, 156, 160, 165 Common law of wrongful discharge, duty of fair representation, 171–173, 197 178 ‘‘Common situs’’ picketing, 84–85 economic pressure and bargaining Commonwealth v. Hunt,10–11 in the established relationship, 97– Commonwealth v. Pullis (The Philadel- 110, 112, 117, 119, 122, 127 phia Cordwainers’ case), 9–10, 239 Major League Baseball, 39 Community of interest, 40 National Labor Relations Act, 27, Compact Video Services, 254 35, 42, 44–45 Company-dominated/company- overview,1,3–4,6–7 assisted unions, 24 public sector, 58, 186–188, 191–192 Company property, union access to, remedies and the Labor Reform Bill 71–80 of 1978, 131, 134, 136–137 Company spies, 24 Collective bargaining relationship Comparable worth, 211 establishment Competition compulsory recognition of a union, industrial relations and labor law 88–95 prior to modern legislation, 13, 20 conclusion, 96, 106 Competitiveness, international, 234 discriminatory discipline, 68–70 Complete Auto Transit, Inc. v. Reis,328 dismissal, 68–70 Compulsory arbitration, 142, 193, 195

382 Index Compulsory recognition of a union, public sector, 186 88–95 public-interest labor law, 217 Comtel Systems Technology, Inc., 290 Supremacy Clause, 32 ConAgra, Inc. v. NLRB, 318–319 Constitutional barrier, 224–225 Conair v. NLRB,290 Construction industry, 34, 85, 142– Concrete Pipe & Products Corps.,309, 143 319 Construction unions, 86 Conditional offers of employment, 109 Container Corporation of America, 282 Conditions of employment, 118 Contempt penalties, 22 Congress Continental Airlines Corp. v. Airline dispute resolution in established Pilots Association, International, in re, relationship, 155, 157 310 duty of fair representation, 177 Contractors Association of Eastern economic pressure and bargaining Pennsylvania v. Secretary of Labor, 364 in the established relationship, 118 Contracts establishing collective bargaining court-enforceable, 31–32 relationship, 81, 83, 87, 92, 94 dispute resolution in established industrial relations and labor law relationship, 140, 143, 145, 152– prior to modern legislation, 22, 24 156, 163–164 and National Labor Relations Act, duty of fair representation, 178 29, 32–33 economic pressure and bargaining and public-interest labor law, 197, in the established relationship, 206, 208, 214 111, 119, 128 and public sector, 185, 191 establishing collective bargaining and unfair labor practices, 51–52, relationship, 66–67, 84–86, 95 57 garbage collection, 190 Congress of Industrial Organizations hot cargo clauses in, 57 (CIO), 2, 68 janitorial services, 190 Conley v. Gibson,335 professional sports, 39–40 Connecticut Limousine Service,343 public sector and, 192 Connecticutv.Teal,351 remedies and the Labor Reform Bill Connell Construction Co. v. Plumbers of 1978, 136 Local 100, 284, 286 subcontracting clauses in, 57 Connick v. Myers,296 Cooperation, 52, 234 Connor v. Fort Gordon Bus Company,352 Coors Container Co. v. NLRB,298 Consent agreements, 45 Coronado Coal Company v. United Mine Consolidated Edison, 295 Workers,20 Consolidated Rail Corp. v. Railway Corporate boards, union seats on, 233 Labor Executives Association, 371 Corporate employer, disappearance Conspiracy by merger of, 159 establishing collective bargaining Corporation of the Presiding Bishop of the relationship, 83 Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day industrial relations and labor law Saints v. Amos, 360 prior to modern legislation, 9, 11 Corruption, union, 181–182 Constitution Costa v. Marhey, 351 Commerce Clause, 28, 32 Costello, Joseph, xviii

383 Index Cost-of-living adjustments, 117 Dandridge v. Chromcraft Corp., 368 Cotter v. Owens,339 Dave Castellino & Sons, 302 County of Riverside v. Superior Court, 334 Davis, Gray, 166 County of Washington v. Gunther, 358 Davis-Bacon Act, 28 County Sanitation District No. 2 of Davison-Paxor Co. v. NLRB, 282 Los Angeles v. County Employees Davis Supermarkets, Inc.,280 Association SEIU, 345 Davis v. Califano,351 County Sanitation of Los Angeles v. Davis v. City of Dallas,351 SEIU,347 Davis v. Scherer, 346 Courtney v. Canyon Television & De Arryo v. Sindicato de Trabajadores Appliance, Inc.,368 Packing, AFL-CIO,334 Courtney v. Landair Transport, Inc., Deauthorization, of union security 367 agreement, 54 Court of Appeals for the District of Decentralized bargaining structure, Columbia 3, 234 duty of fair representation, 176 Decertification, 194 economic pressure and bargaining DeCinto v. Westchester County Medical in the established relationship, Center, 356 101, 112, 127 Decker v. Browning-Ferris Industries of Court stenographer, 147 Colorado, Inc.,368 Courts, in arbitration, 150–155 Declining industries, 234 Cox, A., 12 Deeds v. Decker Coal Co., 306 Craft severance, 43–44 DeGrace v. Rumsfeld,363 Craft unions, 43–44 DeJana Industries, 262 Crenshaw v. Bozeman Deaconess Deklewa Industrial TurnAround Corp. v. Hospital,366 NLRB, 290–291 Criley v. Delta Airlines, Inc., 362 Delaware Park, 249 Criminal conspiracy doctrine, 9, 11 Delaware State College v. Ricks, 268, Criminal sanctions, 9, 14 353 Criminal trespass, 74 Delays, 131–133 Cross-examination, 21, 23, 60, 145, Del Costello v. International Brotherhood 147 of Teamsters,336 Crossing picket line, 46 Delta Macon Brick & Tile, Inc., 306 Crowley, Jack, 138 Demasse v. ITT Corp.,369 Crown Cork & Seal Co.,264–265 Democrats Cudahy, Richard, 177 industrial relations and labor law Curtis Bros.,80 prior to modern legislation, 15 Cutler-Hammer,152 and public sector, 187 Cutting, Inc., 259 Dempsey, Kim, x Cuyamaca Meats, Inc. v. San Diego Dennison Manufacturing Company, Pension Trust Fund,311 254 Denver Post of the National Society of The Daily News of Los Angeles, 310–311 Volunteers of America v. NLRB,251 Daimler-Chrysler Corp.,258 Deonarine, Barry, xv Danbury Hatters,14–15,20.See also Department of Homeland Security, Loewe v. Lawlor 187

384 Index Department of Justice v. Federal Labor Discord, promotion of, 100 Relations Authority,295 Discrimination Department of Labor, 197 arbitration, 161–162 Office of Federal Contract dispute resolution in established Compliance Programs, 217 relationship, 145 Department of the Treasury, Internal economic pressure and bargaining Revenue Service v. Federal Labor in the established relationship, 97 Relations Authority,344 establishing collective bargaining Department of the Treasury v. Federal relationship, 67 Labor Relations Authority, 313 industrial relations and labor law Desert Palace, Inc. v. Costa, 352 prior to modern legislation, 16 Desks, Inc., 268 protection against arbitrary Detroit Edison Co. v. EEOC, 363 treatment, 233 Detroit Newspapers, 306, 311 proving, 203 Detroit Police Officers Association v. public-interest labor law, 197, 202, Detroit,347 206–215, 219–221 Detroit Police Officers Association v. Discriminatory discipline, 68–70 Young, 364 Disestablishment, of organization, 53 Detroit Tigers, 39 ‘‘Disloyalty’’ cases, 100 Deukmejian, George, xiii, 215 Dismissal Diamond Walnut Growers, Inc., 257 dispute resolution in established Diamond Walnut Growers, Inc. v. relationship, 163 NLRB,306 economic pressure and bargaining Diaz v. Pan American World Airlines, in the established relationship, 103 203, 351 establishing collective bargaining Dillard Dept Stores v. Beckwith,367 relationship, 68–70 Dillingham Construction N.A., Inc. v. industrial relations and labor law County of Sonoma,246 prior to modern legislation, 25 Dilling Mechanical Contractors v. NLRB, public sector, 185, 190 303 remedies and the Labor Reform Bill Dillon Stores, 264 of 1978, 136 Dimeo v. Griffin, 371 unfair labor practices, 54 Dinsdale,HenryY.,xv Dispute resolution, Direct restraint of trade, 20 in established relationship:, 139, Disabilities, protection for individuals 141–167 with, 217–219 in public sector, 192–193 Disbelief, reasonable, 51 Disruption, caused by picketing, 82 Disciplinary sanctions Distribution of literature, 71, 76, 87– discharge disputes, 145 88, 101–102 duty of fair representation, 172–174 District of Columbia, public-interest economic pressure and bargaining labor law in, 209 in the established relationship, 110 Diversy Wyandotte Corp., Dekalb, 318 establishing collective bargaining ‘‘Divide and conquer,’’ 66 relationship, 66 Dixie Belle Mills, Inc.,254 public sector, 190 Dobbs International Services, Inc., 294 Disclosure, 197 Dock workers, West Coast, 5

385 Index DoeIv.Unocal, 237 Eastern Airlines v. Airline Pilots Domestic servants, 35 Association, 304 Domination, unlawful, 52 Eastern Associated Coal Corp. v. United Domsey Trading Corporation,270,321 Mine Workers, 327 Donnelly & Sons Co. v. Prevost, 348 Eastex, Inc. v. NLRB,276 Donovan v. Dewey,349 Eastwood Mall v. Slanco, 277 Don’t Ask/Don’t Tell (DADT) policy,215 Easzor Express, Inc. v. International Dorchy v. Kansas, 303 Brotherhood of Teamsters,328 Dorsey Trailers v. NLRB,315 Ecclesiastical Maintenance Service, Inc., Dothard v. Rawlinson, 351 251 Double back pay, 136 Economic pressure Douds v. Metropolitan Federation of bargaining tactics in established Architects,284 relationship, 97–128 Douglas, William O., 101, 150–153 dispute resolution in established Douglas-Randall, Inc.,269 relationship, 151, 154 Dow Chemical Co. v. NLRB,300 establishing collective bargaining Dowd Box Co. v. Courtney,327 relationship, 81, 83, 95–96 Dow Jones and Company, Inc., 280 industrial relations and labor law Doyle v. Holy Cross Hospital,369 prior to modern legislation, 16 Drake Bakeries v. Bakery Workers, 328 Economic warfare, 151 Drug and alcohol problems, 229–232 Edenfield, Paul, ix Dubbs v. Central Intelligence Agency, 360 E.D.P. Medical Computer Systems, 320 Dubuque Packing Co., 123–124, 315 Edward G. Budd Mfg. Co. v. NLRB,273 Dues, union, 53–54, 172, 174, 184 Edward J. DeBartolo Corp.,287 Dues-sharing structure, 4 Edward J. DeBartolo Corp. v. Florida Duffield v. Robertson Stephens & Co., Gulf Coast Bldg. And Trades Council, 333 287 Duffy Tool & Stamping v. NLRB,311 Edward J. DeBartolo v. NLRB, 287 Dumas v. Auto Club Insurance Edwards v. Sea-Land Service, Inc., 336 Association, 366 Edwards v. Teamsters Local Union No. Duplex Printing Press Co. v. Deering, 36, Building Material and Dump 16–20, 22–25 Truck Drivers,336 Duquesne University of the Holy Ghost, Edwin J. Schlacter Meat Co., 258 262 EEOC v. Arabian American Oil Co.,350 Dutrisac v. Caterpillar Tractor Co., 334 EEOC v. Borden’s, Inc., 363 Duty-of-fair-representation case, 160 EEOC v. Detroit Edison Co.,363 Duty of loyalty, 101 EEOCv.Luce,Forward,Hamilton,& Duty to bargain in ‘‘good faith,’’ 113– Scripps,333 114 EEOC v. New York Times Broadcasting Dyna-Med,Inc.v.FairEmploymentand Service,351 Housing Commission,364 EEOC v. Pipefitters Association Local 597, 208 Eads Transfer, Inc., 308 EEOC v. Waffle House,165 Eagle Comtronics, Inc., 306 Efficiency, 52 East Dayton Tool & Die Co.,372 E.I. Dupont de Nemours v, NLRB, 263, Easterbrook, Frank, 178 295, 318

386 Index Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals, on ElSanJuanHotel,297 economic pressure and bargaining Elsey v. Burger King Corp.,366 in the established relationship, Emergency dispute resolution, 142 101 Emerson Electric Co., U.S. Electrical Eight-hour day, 16 Motor Division,275 Eldeco, Inc., 253 Emery, Maxine, xviii Eldorado Tool,299 Emhart Indus. v. NLRB,311 Elections Emotional injury, 33 duty of fair representation, 178– Employee, definition of, 37 180 Employee Retirement Income economic pressure and bargaining Security Act (ERISA) of 1974, 162– in the established relationship, 107 163, 197–198 employer subversion of outcomes, Employers’ counterattacks, against 133–134 organizational drives, 82 establishing collective bargaining Employers’ rights, 109 relationship, 66, 82, 92 Employment Act of 1980 (Britain), National Labor Relations Act and, 54, 56 42–43, 45–47 Employment Act of 1982 (Britain), unfair labor practices and, 51 54, 56 Electrical Workers IUE, 372 Employment Act of 1988 (Britain), Electrical Workers v. Faust,335–336 55 Electrical Works v. Hechler, 370 Employment Act of 1990 (Britain), Electrical Workers v. NLRB, 286 55–56 Electric Boat, 343 Employment discrimination, 145, Electromation, Inc.,xv,52 149, 161–162, 197, 202 Eleventh Amendment, 224–225 Employment Division v. Smith, 216 The Eleventh Amendment’s Resurrection: Employment Rights at Work: Implications for State Employees,365 Reviewing the Employment Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals Relations Act, 267 economic pressure and bargaining The Emporium Capwell Co. v. Western in the established relationship, Addition Community Organization, 108 297, 301 public-interest labor law, 205 Energy Coal Income Partnership 1981–1, Elias Mallouk Realty Corp., 262 302 Eligibility, for overtime protections, Enforceability of arbitration 27 agreements, 164, 166 Elite Limousine Plus, Inc.,250 Enforceable contracts, 31–32, 155 Elk Grove Firefighters Local No. 2340 v. English v. General Electric Co., 246, Williss,345 370 Elk Lumber Co.,301 Enrichment Services, Inc., 249 Elliot v. Board of Trustees of Montgomery Enright, Mary, xxi County Community College,369 Epilepsy Foundation of Northeast Ohio, Ellison v. Brady, 357 295 Ellis v. Brotherhood of Railway, Airline Equal Employment Opportunity and Steamship Clerks, 343 Commission (EEOC), 197, 202, Elrod Burns,346 208, 212, 219

387 Index Equal employment opportunity field, Expulsion from membership, 54 136 Extraordinary remedies, 92 Equal Pay Act of 1963, 208, 220 Equal pay for equal work, 208 F.A. Bartlett Tree Expert Co.,319 E.R. Carpenter, 279 Fact-finding, 21, 139–140, 166–167, Eric Resistor,304 194–195 Ernest Alessio Construction Company, Fahlbeck, Reinhold, xviii, 267 Fair Employment Practice & Housing Escrow accounts, interest-bearing, legislation, 166 184 Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, 27, Espinoza v. Farah Mfg. Co.,350 162 Essex International,275 Fairmont Hotel, 278 Established relationship Fair representation, duty of, 169–184 dispute resolution in, 139–166 Faith Center-WHCT Channel 18,251 economic pressure and bargaining Falco v. Community Medical Ctr., 367 tactics in, 97–128 Fall River Dyeing & Finishing Corp. v. Estes v. Kapiolani Women’s & Children’s NLRB, 159 Medical Center,277 Family and Medical Leave Act of Ethnic discrimination, 206, 210 1993, 209, 225 Europe Family Nursing Home & Rehabilitation industrial relations and labor law Center, Inc.,273 prior to modern legislation, 9 Fanning, John, 90, 92, 129, 290, 319 organized labor in, 3–4, 6–7 Fansteel Metallurgical Corp.,259 paid vacation leave, 28 Faragher v. City of Boca Raton, 357 wage drift in, 234 Farmer v. United Brotherhood of Evans v. Bibb, Co., 367 Carpenters,245 Ewing v. NLRB,294 Farm Fresh, Inc.,281 Examination and cross-examination, Farm workers, 35 145, 147 Fast-food outlets, 79 Ex-Cell-O Corp., 134, 137, 322 Faust v. Ryder Commercial Leasing & Excelsior Underwear, Inc., 257, 272 Supports, Inc., 367 Exclusion Federal Arbitration Act of 1925, 163– from NLRA protection, 35–36 165 from union membership and Federal Express Corp., 249 responsibilities, 174 Federal Labor Relations Authority v. unreasonable, 54 Aberdeen Proving Ground, 344 Exclusive bargaining agent, in Federal Labor Relations Authority v. establishing collective bargaining United States Dept. of the Navy, 257 relationship, 65–96 Federal Mediation and Conciliation Exclusivity doctrine, 66–68 Service, 143 Ex parte orders, temporary, 23 Federal unions, 191 Expediting administrative process, F.E. Hazard, Ltd.,320 134–138 Felix Industries v. NLRB, 298 ‘‘Experimental’’ statutes, state, 166 Felony charges, 185 Experimental Steel Negotiating Ferguson Electric Co., Inc.,252 Agreement, 142 Ferrera v. Nielsen, 369

388 Index Ferris v. Delta Air Lines, Inc., 357 Fitzsimmons Manufacturing Company, FES (A Division of Thermo Power),252 313 Fibreboard Paper Products Corp. v. Flags of convenience, 34 NLRB,313 Flambeau Plastics Corp.,259 Fieldcrest Cannon, Inc., 321 Flanagan, Robert, xx Fiesta Mall Venture v. Mecham Recall Fleming Companies, Inc., in re, 275 Committee,277 Fleming v. Borden, Inc.,369 Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals Fletcher, William, 213 economic pressure and bargaining Flint Iceland Arenas,269 in the established relationship, 101 ‘‘Floor,’’ for workers, 27 public-interest labor law, 203, 210 Flores v. Albertsons, Inc.,250 public sector, 186 Flores v. Amigon,250 Filing, with NLRB, 58 Florida v. Long,355 Final-offer arbitration, 141–142, 167 Florsheim Shoe Store Co. v. NLRB,320 Financial/emotional exhaustion, Fogel v. Trustees of Iowa College,366 during appeals process, 130 Foley v. Interactive Data Corp., 227 Financial reporting, 197 Food & Commercial Workers Local 150-A Finerty v. NLRB,343 v. NLRB, 315 Fines, 22, 173 Forbidden Cities Restaurant v. NLRB, Finnegan v. Leu, 175, 339 260 Firefighters, 186, 192–193 Ford, Gerald, 85 Firefighters Local 2498 v. York County, Ford Motor Co. v. EEOC, 363 345 Ford Motor Co. v. Huffman,335 Firefighters v. City of Tupelo, 345 Foreign crews employed by foreign First Amendment protection ships, 34 dispute resolution in established Formal rules of evidence, arbiters not relationship, 155 bound to, 163 duty of fair representation, 174 Fort Apache Timber Co.,248 economic pressure and bargaining Fort Halifax Packing Co., Inc. v. Coyne, in the established relationship, 244 100 Fortino v. Quasar Co.,350 establishing collective bargaining Fort Smith Chair Co., 300 relationship, 69, 74, 76, 82, 87–88 Fort Stewart Schools v. Federal Labor Free Exercise Clause, 216 Relations Authority,344 public-interest labor law, 216 Forts v. Ward,351 public sector, 185, 187 40–41 Realty Associates,278 First Circuit Court of Appeals, on Fountain Lodge, Inc.,309 economic pressure and bargaining Fountainview Care Center, 272 in the established relationship, Four-and-one-half Year Report,270 103, 116 Four B Corp., 275 First-contract arbitration, 138 Four B Corp. d/b/a Price Chopper,280 First-contract situation, 111 Fourth Amendment, 229 First National Maintenance, 123–124 Fox v. MCI Communications Corp.,367 First National Maintenance Corp. v. Foy v. Pratt & Whitney Group,246 NLRB,314–315 Fragante v. City and County of First National Supermarkets Inc.,269 Honolulu, 356

389 Index France Gateway Coal Co. v. UMW,300,349 paid vacation leave in, 28 Gatliff Coal Co. v. Cox, 340 strikes in, 106 Gatliff Coal Co. v. NLRB,297 unfair labor practices in, 55 Gay Law Students Association v. Pacific Frankfurter, Felix, 21–22, 25, 101, Telephone and Telegraph Co.,215 184, 240 Geller v. Markham,363 Frank v. United Airlines, Inc., 362 General American Transport Corp., 329 Fraser Shipyards, Inc., 315 General Building Contractors Association Fraud, 23 v. Pennsylvania, 351 Fray v. Omaha World Herald Co.,350 General Cable Corp.,294 Frazee v. Illinois Department of General Counsel, NLRB, 30, 32, 35, 49, Employment Security, 361 58, 60–61, 63 Frazier v. Delco Electronics Corp.,357 economic pressure and bargaining Freedom of association, 24, 162, 185 in the established relationship, 123 Freedom of choice, 47, 80 establishing collective bargaining Freedom of contract, 12, 111, 119, relationship,69–70,94 128 remedies and the Labor Reform Bill Freedom of speech, 51, 69, 100, 102, of 1978, 131, 134–135 162, 174, 186 General Electric Company,125–126, Free Exercise Clause, First Amend- 128, 322 ment, 216 General Electric Co. v. Gilbert, 354 Free play of economic forces, 109 General Electric Co. v. NLRB,313 Free riders, 54 General Extrusion Co., 294 Freund Baking Co. v. NLRB, 262, 299 General Foods, 265 Fringe benefits, 6, 117, 134, 137 General Industrial Employees Union, Frisch’s Big Boy III-Mar, Inc., 254 Local 42, Distillery Workers Interna- Frito Lay, Inc.,318 tional Union v. NLRB,304 Fritz Companies, Inc.,315 General Motors Corp. (Cadillac Motor Fugazy Continental Corp.,320 Car Div.), 253–254 Full-time organizers, 66 General Security Services Corporation, Fuller, Melville, 14 250 FunStriders,Inc.v.NLRB, 276 Gentlemen’s agreement, 32 Furnco Construction Co. v. Waters,352 George, Ronald M., 228 George A. Hormel & Co. v. NLRB, 298 Gaglidari v. Denny’s Restaurants, Inc., George Hyman Construction Co. v. 369 Occupational Safety and Health Gannett Rochester Newspapers, 316 Review Commission, 349 Garbage collection, contract, 190 George Joseph Orchard Siding, Inc., 270 Garcia v. Gloor,355 Georgia Pacific Corp., 255, 312 Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Gerdom v. Continental Airlines, Inc., Transit Authority, 241, 365 355 Garcia v. Spun Steak Co., 355 Germany Gardnerv.LoomisArmored,Inc., 367 arbitration in, 142 Garrett Railroad Car v. NLRB, 301 cooperative strategies in, 234 Garwood-Detroit Truck Equipment, Inc., industrial unions in, 43 315 organized labor in, 3–4, 7

390 Index paid vacation leave, 28 303, 306, 312–313, 315, 317, 323, unfair labor practices in, 55 336, 357, 370 Gersman v. Group Health Association, reforms instituted by NLRB under 350 chairmanship of, 133 Giant Food Markets, Inc.,283 Gourmet Food, Inc., 92, 290 Giboney v. Empire Storage & Ice Co., Government contractors, employees 284 of, 28 Giddings and Lewis, Inc. v. NLRB,306 Graduate assistants, 36 Gill v. Manuel, 364 Graham Architectural Products v. NLRB, Gilmer v. Interstate/Johnson Lane Corp., 260 163–165, 229, 331, 369 Grant Food Store Markets v. NLRB,278 Gissel case, 287–288 Gratz. v. Bollinger,365 Gitano Group, Inc., 255 Graves v. Smith’s Transfer Corporation, Givhan v. Western Line Consolidated 336 School District,273 Great American Savings and Loan The Glass Depot, Inc.,257 Association v. Novotny,363 Globe election process, 43 Great Depression TheGlobeMachineandStampingCo., industrial union emergence during, 256 1 Gloversville Embossing Corp., 304 and National Labor Relations Act, Goldblatt Bros., Inc.,281 30 Golden Day Schools, 297 Greater Boston Chamber of Commerce v. Golden Gateway Center v. Golden City of Boston,306 Gateway Tenant’s Ass’n, 277 Greater Washington Board of Trade v. Golden State Bottling Co. v. NLRB,320 District of Columbia,348 Golden State Transit Corp.v.CityofLos Great Lakes Steel,297 Angeles,307,244–245 Greene, Nathan, 21–22 Golden State Warriors,310 Gregory v. Ashcroft,362 Goldman v. Weinberger, 361 Grievance arbitration. See Arbitration Gompers, Samuel, 2, 15–16, 182 Griggs v. Duke Power Co., 203, 205, 351 Good-faith bargaining, 29, 98, 113– Group Health, Inc., 342 115, 126, 169 Groves v. Ring Screw Works, 326 Good-faith reasonable uncertainty, 51 Grutter v. Bollinger, 365 Goodman v. Lukens Steel Co.,353,364 GTE Automatic Electric,316 Good Shepherd Home,262 GTE California, Inc.,318 Gorman, R., 12 Gulton Electro-Voice, Inc.,273 Gorski v. New Hampshire Dept. of Guss v. Utah Labor Relations Board, Corrections, 357 247 Goss v. Lopez, 346 Guzv.BechtelNat.,Inc.,368 Gould, Bill, xxi Gould, Ed, xxi Hacienda Hotel, Inc., 268 Gould, Hilda, xxi Halbasch v. Med-Data Inc., 367 Gould, Timothy S., xv, xxi Hamilton, Alexander, 10 Gould, William B., IV, 249–250, 254– Hammary Manufacturing Corp.,275 258, 262, 265, 268–275, 280, 284– Hammer v. Auto Workers Local 550,335 288, 289–290, 294–296, 298, 301– Hampton Roads Broadcasting Corp.,256

391 Index Handbills, distribution of, 87–88, Hogue v. Cecil I. Walker Machinery,369 101–102 Holiday Inn Downtown-New Haven, Hanly v. Riverside Methodist Hosp.,369 309 Hanover Township Federation of Holidays, paid, 117 Teachers v. Hanover Community Holladay Park Hospital and Oregon School Corp., 345 Nurses Association, Inc.,282 Harassment, 24–25, 211 Holland School District v. Holland Harbor Chevrolet Co.,322 Education Association,347 Harrington v. Almy,371 Holly Farms Corp. v. NLRB, 248–249 Harrington v. Vandalia-Butler Board of Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 12–13, 18, Education, 363 22 Harrison, Job, 10 Holmes and Narver/Morrison-Knudsen, Harrison Ready Mix Concrete, Inc.,305– 316 306 Holmes v. California National Guard, Harris v. Forklift Systems, Inc., 357 215, 360 Harter Equipment, Inc., 308 Holt v. Michigan Department of Hartman Bros. Heating & Air- Corrections,350 Conditioning Inc.,252 Home visits, 75 Hartness v. Bush,371 Honda of America Manufacturing, Inc., Hart v. Seven Resorts, Inc., 369 298 Hazelwood School District v. United Hooker Chemical Corp.,300 States,350 Hosiery industry, 141 HazenPaperCo.v.Biggins,362 Hospitals, 44, 79–80 Hecks, Inc., 322 ‘‘Hostile environment’’ cases, 356 Helena v. Krautter, 277 Hostility, general, 212 Hennessey v. Coastal Eagle Point Oil Co., Hot cargo clauses, 57, 84–85 371 Hotel and Restaurant Employees Union Hershey Chocolate Corp.,294 Local 317 v. J.P. Morgan Hotel,292– Hickory Springs Mfg. Co. v. NLRB,261 293 Higginbotham, A. Leon, 90–91 Hotel Employees Local 2 v. NLRB, 259– Highland Hospital v. NLRB, 253 260 Hill,Anita,xiii,212 Hotel Employees v. Elsinore Shore Hills, Carla A., xxi, Association, 317 Hills, Roderick E., xxi House Hines v. Anchor Motor Freight,335 bargaining in the established H.J. Heinz Co. v. NLRB,265 relationship, 106 H.K. Porter Company v. NLRB, 322, CommitteeonEducationand 330 Labor, 129 Hobbie v. Unemployment Appeals Fair Labor Standards Act legislation Commission of Florida, 361 and, 27–28 Hobbs v. Hawkins,297 remedies and the Labor Reform Bill Hodgson v. Local 6799, 341 of 1978, 136 Hoffa, James R., 182 Subcommittee on Labor- Hoffman Plastic Compounds,36 Management Relations, 138 Hoffman Plastic Compounds, Inc. v. Houston Building and Construction NLRB, 250 Trades Council, 283

392 Index Howard Johnson Co. v. Detroit Local Industrial Revolution, 9 Joint Executive Board, Hotel Employees Industrial Union Department, AFL-CIO International Union,330 v. American Petroleum Institute,348 Hudgens v. NLRB,74–76 Industrial Union Department, AFL-CIO Huegerich v. IBP, Inc., 368 v. Hodgson,349 Hughes, Charles Evans, 29 Industrial unions, 1, 43–44, 234. See Hughes Properties, Inc. d/b/a Harolds also individual unions by name Club, 281 Industrial warfare, 104 Hutchinson Fruit Company, Inc.,313 Industry City Associates, 316 Hutzler Bros. V. NLRB,278 Infeasible access, 77 H.W. Barss Co., Inc., 296 Informal conflict resolution, 143 Hydrogics, Inc., 301 Informational picketing, 81 Hydrotherm,309,317 Ingersoll-Rand Co. v. McClendon, 370 ‘‘Inherent inconsistency,’’ 163 I. Appel Corp.,308 Initiation fees, union, 53, 172 IBEW Local 2188 v. NLRB, 329 Injunctive relief IBEW v. Faust,335 bar against, 151 IBEW v. Ingalls Shipbuilding Division, dispute resolution in established 372 relationship, 151, 155–157 Ideal Dyeing & Finishing Co., Inc., economic pressure and bargaining 274 in the established relationship, ILA v. Davis, 280 106 ILGWU v. NLRB,268 industrial relations and labor law Illegal aliens, 36 prior to modern legislation, 16, Immigration laws, 36 20–25 Immunity, 3 remedies and the Labor Reform Bill Impact Industries, Inc. v. NLRB,288 of 1978, 136 ‘‘Impartial chairman’’ system, 141 unfair labor practices and, 56 Impasse procedures, 192 Inland Lakes Management, Inc. v. Imprisonment, 22 NLRB,337 Impulsive behavior, 100 Inland Steel Company,298 ‘‘Inability to pay’’ test, 127 Inland Trucking Co. v. NLRB,308 Incentives, 117, 233 Inland Tugs v. NLRB, 311–312 Incomes policy, 234 Inland Waters Pollution Control, Inc., Incres Steam Ship Co. v. International 257 Workers Maritime Union, 247 ‘‘Inside game’’ tactics, 111 Incumbent union, 50–51, 95 Insurance Agents, 98–99, 111–112, Indeck Energy Services,286 126, 234, 308, 373 Independent Stave Co., 268–269 Intel Corp. v. Hamidi, 274 Indianapolis Power & Light Company v. Inter-Collegiate Press, Graphic Arts Div., NLRB,300 308 Indian Tribes, enterprises of, 35 Interest arbitration, 139, 141–142, 166 Indirect restraint of trade, 20 Interim earnings, 130 Individual employee, 160–161 Interlacing statutes, 25 Industrial Electric Reels, Inc.,317 Intermountain Rural Electric Association, Industrial peace, 67, 146 311

393 Index Internal Revenue Service (IRS), International Longshoremen’s Local 197 1416, AFL-CIO v. Ariadne Shipping International Association of Machinists Co. LTD., et al., 248 and Airspace Workers, 269, 304 International Organization of Masters, International Association of Machinists Mates & Pilots v. Brown, 180 v. Cutler-Hammer, Inc.,326 International Paper Company, 308 International Association of Machinists International Shoe Co.,326 v. Gonzales, 244 International Shoe Co. v. Washington, International Association of Machinists 325 v. Street, 341, 343 International Union, Local 283 v. International Brotherhood of Boilermakers Scofield, 270 v. NLRB, 308 International Union of Electrical Radio International Brotherhood of Electrical and Machine Workers, 179 Workers, AFL-CO v. Hechler,246 International Union of the United International Brotherhood of Teamsters. Rubber, Cork, Linoleum, and Plastic See also Teamsters Workers of America, 327 duty of fair representation, 179 International Union of United Brewery establishing collective bargaining Workers v. NLRB,265 relationship, 87 International Union, UAW v. NLRB, overview, 5 322 public sector, 189 International Union, UAW v. O’Brien, unfair labor practices, 57 303 union corruption, 182 International Union, United Automobile, International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Aircraft and Agricultural Implement Local 695 v. Vogt, Inc., 283 Workers, etc. v. Russell,244 International Brotherhood of Teamsters v. International Van Lines,303 Department of Transportation,371 Interrogation of employees, 49–50 International Brotherhood of Teamsters v. Interstate commerce, 27 Hanke,283 Intervene, motion to, 45 International Brotherhood of Teamsters v. In the Matter of Arbitration: Nicolet High IML Freight, Inc.,310 School District v. Nicolet Education International Brotherhood of Teamsters v. Association, 333 Schneider Tank Lines 705,326 Intimidation by threats, 12 International Brotherhood of Teamsters v. Intlekofer v. Turnage,357 United States,206 Iron Workers Local Union, 377, 336 International Brotherhood of Teamsters v. Irreparable injury, 16, 22–23 U.S., 353 IRS. See Internal Revenue Service International competitiveness, 234 ‘‘Isolated evils,’’ 87 International Hod Carriers, Local No. 41 ITT Corporation v. NLRB, 295 (Calumet Contractor’s Association), ITT McDonnel and Miller,282 283 IUE v. Westinghouse Electric Corp.,358 International Longshoremen’s Association, 34 Jacksonville Bulk Terminals, Inc. v. International Longshoremen’s Associa- International Longshoremen’s Assoc., tion v. Allied International Inc., 248, 328 286 Jackson v. National Football League,238

394 Index Jacobs v. Major,277 Johnson v. Transportation Agency, 223 Jacoby v. NLRB,335 Johnson v. Uncle Ben’s, 350 Jaffee v. Aetna Casualty & Surety Co., John W. Galbraith & Co.,306 368 Jones & Laughlin,28–29 Jail guards, 213 Jones Dairy Farm, 316 Janitorial services, contract, 190 J.P. Stevens & Co.,131 Japan J.S. Alberici Construction Co., 320 arbitration in, 142 Judicial side, NLRB, 30–31 cooperative strategies in, 234 Jurisdiction,156,166 litigation in, 118 Just cause, dismissal for, 148 organized labor in, 4 Justifiable conduct test, 12 strikes in, 106 unfair labor practices in, 53 Kable Printing Co.,303 unions in, 34 Kalin Construction Co., Inc.,262 Japanese Employment and Labor Kallman v. NLRB, 259 Law, 265 K&W Trucking Co.,303 Japan’s Reshaping of American Kansas Meat Packers,330 Labor Law, 262, 265, 268, 368 Karahalios v. National Federation of Jay Metals. Inc., 275 Federal Employees, Local 1263,334 Jean Country, 76–79, 81, 278 Kauffman v. Allied Signal,356 Jeannette Corporation v. NLRB, 296 Kawasaki Motors v. NLRB,320 Jeffboat Division,250 KDEN Broadcasting Co., 313 Jenkins, Howard, 90, 92 K.D.I., Inc. v. NLRB,261 Jeter, Derek, 39 Keebler v. Bakery Workers, Local 492-A, J.F.HoffElectricCo.v.NLRB, 286 328 J.I. Case Co. v. NLRB,67 Keeler Brass Automotive Group,263 JMC Transport, Inc. v. NLRB,294 Keen competition, between Job classifications, 2, 148 nonunion employers, 20 Job security, in public sector, 190 Kellwood Co. v. NLRB, 270 Johansen v. San Diego County Council of Kelly v. Mississippi Valley Gas Co., 367 Carpenters,284 Kennedy, John F., 185 John Deklewa & Sons, Inc.,93 Kennedy, Justice, 349 Johnnie’s Poultry Co., 259 Kenrich Petrochemicals, 261, 299 Johns-Manville Products Corp. v. NLRB, Keogh, William, xx 301 Kerr,Clark,141 Johnson,Randy,39 Keystone Steel v. NLRB, 310 Johnson & Hardin Co., 281 KGW Radio, 343 Johnson-Bateman Co.,231 Kidwell v. TCIU,341 Johnson Controls, Inc., 359 Kimbro v. Pepsico,246 Johnson Controls World Services, Inc., Kimel v. Board Regents,224 337 Kinder-Care Learning Centers,297 Johnson v. Express One International, King v. Board of Regents of the University 295 of the University of Wisconsin et al., Johnson v. Ganim,296 357 Johnson v. Mayor of Baltimore,352 King v. Palmer,356 Johnson v. Railway Express,363 King v. Yellow Freight System, Inc.,351

395 Index Kirkland,Lane,xvii,138,323 Laburnum Construction Workers, etc. v. KJAZ Broadcasting Company, 43, 256 Laburnum Const. Corp., 244 Knights of Labor, 2 La Crosse Electrical Contractor Kochan, Thomas, 167 Association, 312 Kolstad v. American Dental Association, Lafayette Park Hotel,296 363 Laidlaw v. NLRB,305 Korb v. Raytheon Corp.,366 Laissez-faire philosophy, 3, 24, 26, 29 Krispy Kreme Doughnut Corp. v. NW, 294 Lakeland Bus Lines, Inc., in re,318 TheKrogerCompany,315 Lamb-Grays Harbor Co., 303 Kuball, Clarie, xxi Lamprecht v. Federal Communications Kysor/Cadillac, 371 Commission,365 Landers v. National Railroad Passenger La Gloria Oil & Gas Co., in re, 272 Corp.,295 Labor arbitration, 153 Landgraf v. USI Film Products,350 Labor contract interpretation, 155– Landrum-Griffin Act of 1959, 57, 93, 156 174–179, 185, 388–339 Labor costs, increased, 234 Lapeer Foundry & Machine, 312, 315 Labor disputes, 23–23 Lapham-Hickey Steel Corp. v. NLRB, Labored Relations: Law, Politics, and the 311 NLRB- A Memoir, vii–viii, 247, 270– La Porte Transit Co., Inc. v. NLRB,311 271 Lasker, Morris, 122 Laborers’ Health and Welfare Trust Fund Lathrop v. Entenmann’s, Inc., 367 for Northern California v. Advanced Latrobe Steel Co.,312–313 Lightweight Concrete Co., 348 Law and the National Labor Policy, 262 Laborers’ Local Union No. 24 v. NLRB, L.A. Water Treatment, Division of 279 Chromalloy American Corp., 304 Laborers’ Union Local No. 324, Laborers Law of conspiracy, 9 International Union of North America, ‘‘Law of the shop,’’ 145, 153 267 Lawrence et al. v. Texas, 237, 359 The Labor Injunction,21 Layoffs, 117, 148 Labor organizations, 52–53, 56. See Leapfrogging wage demand, de- also specific organizations escalation of, 234 Labor Reform Bill of 1978 and Lear-Siegler Management Service Corp., remedies 261 collective interest, 131 Leathem v. Research Foundation of City delays, 131–133 University, 369 expediting administrative process, Lechmere v. NLRB,77,79 134–138 Leedom v. Kyne, 258 mean compensation, 130 Lee Lumber and Building Material Corp., overview, 129–130, 133–134 293 subversion of election outcomes by Lee v. NLRB,337 employers, 133–134 Legal tactics, in establishing collec- Labor Union of Pico Korea Ltd v. Pico tive bargaining relationship, 65–96. Products,243 See also specific tactics Labor unions. See union names and Lehnert v. Ferris Faculty Association, 343 specific types of labor unions Leslie Homes Inc.,280

396 Index Less-intrusive relief, 180 Local 705 v. Schneider,326 Letter Carriers v. Austin,296 Local 761, International Union of Letters, 66, 75 Electrical, Radio and Machine Levitz Furniture Co. of the Pacific, Inc., Workers, AFL-CIO v. NLRB,285 260, 293 Local 812, International Brotherhood of Libel actions, 33, 100 Teamsters v. NLRB, 285 The Liberal Market, Inc.,315 Local 900, International Union of Lillick,IraS.,xxi Electrical, Radio & Machine Workers Lincoln Mills, 156 v. NLRB, 274 Lincoln Park Zoological Society, 331 Local 926, Operating Engineers v. Jones, Lincoln v. Machinists and Aerospace 247 Workers,336 Local 1384, UAW v. NLRB,274 Linden Lumber Division, Sumner & Co. Local 1976, United Brotherhood of v. NLRB,289 Carpenters and Joiners of America v. Lingle v. Norge Division of Magic Chef, NLRB,267 Inc., 245, 370 Local 6885 v. American Postal Workers, Linn v. Plant Guard Workers,245,296 176 Linn v. United Plant Guard Workers, Local legislation, 185 292 Local Lodge No. 1424, International The Litigation Explosion,247 Association of Machinists v. NLRB, Little & Co.,278 268 Little v. Windermere Relocation, Inc.,357 Local No. 82, Furniture and Piano Litton Microwave Cooking Products, Moving v. Crowley,341 309 Local No. 98, International Association Litton Systems, Inc., 310, 372 of Firefighters v. City of Cleveland, Liu v. Donna Karan International, Inc., 364 250 Local Union No. 54, Sheet Metal Livitsanos v. The Superior Court of Los Workers’ International Association, Angeles County,368 AFL-CIO, 312 Local 2–286 v. Amoco Oil Co., 372 Local Union No. 733,372 Local 28 of the Sheet Metal Workers’ Lockheed Space Operations Co., Inc.,338 International Association v. EEOC, Lockouts 364 dispute resolution in established Local 32B-32J Service Employees relationship, 151, 154 International Union v. NLRB, 330 economic pressure and bargaining Local 32B-J, SEIU v. NLRB, 267 in the established relationship, Local 60, United Association of 109–114 Journeymen & Apprentices of the establishing collective bargaining Plumbing & Pipefitting Industry v. relationship, 95 NLRB,337 Lockyer, 292 Local 60, United Brotherhood of Lodge 76, International Association of Carpenters v. NLRB,319 Machinists v. Wisconsin Employment Local 174, International Union, UAW v. Relations Commission,244 NLRB,276 Loewe v. Lawlor,14.See also Danbury Local 357 Teamsters v. NLRB, 265, 273 Hatters Local 666 IATSE v. NLRB,313 London’s Farmer Dairy,258

397 Index Lone Star Industries, Inc.,306 Mallinckrodt Chemical Works,253 Lone Star Northwest,257 Malone v. U.S. Postal Service,334 Longchamps, Inc., 262 Malta Construction Company,298 Longshoremen ILA Assn. v. NLRB, 286– Management Training Corp.,249 287 Managerial employees, 37 Longshore work, 34 Manchester Health Center v. NLRB, Lontine v. Van Cleave,345 281 Lorance v. AT&T Technologies, 353 M&M Contractors,310 Lorbacher v. Housing Authority of Manganaro Corp.,267 Raleigh, 367 Mannington Mills, Inc.,295 Los Angeles Soup Co.,314 Mansell v. Saunders, 364 Loser-pays policies, 166 Manson Trucking, Inc., 336 Loughram, Mary Ann, xviii Mantrose-Haeuser Co.,261 Lou Stecher’s Super Markets, 311 Manufacturing, 143 Low-level jobs, 206–207 Maritime industry, 193 Lucas v. NLRB,335 Market allocation, 13 Luck v. Southern Pacific Transportation Marquez v. Screen Actors Guild, 172, Co., 371 336 Luddington v. Indiana Bell,350 Marriott Corp., 281 Ludwick v. This Minute of Carolina, Marshall Field & Co., 281 Inc.,367 Marshall v. Barlow’s Inc., 349 Luedtke v. Nabors Alaska Drilling, Inc., Marshall, Thurgood, 50, 86, 109, 370 174–175, 207, 296, 331, 356, 361, Lundy Packing Co. v. NLRB,320 364, 371 Lynn, Fred, 39 Martinez, Pedro, 39 Martin-Marietta, 210 Machinists Lodges 700, 743, 1746 v. Martin Marietta Corp. v. Lorenz, 366 NLRB, 329 Martinsville Nylon Employees Council Machinist’s Union, 18 Corp. v. NLRB,326 Machinists v. Wisconsin Employment Martin v. OSHRC,349 Relations Commission, 292, 306 Maryland Drydock Co. v. NLRB,298 Mackay Radio & Telegraph Company, Mary’sHonorCentrev.Hicks,205 106–108, 304, 307 ‘‘Mass action’’ theory, 158 Magna Carta, 15 Master Window Cleaning, Inc.,310 Mailboxes, teachers’, 186–187 Mastro Plastics v. NLRB, 300 Majestic Weaving Co., Inc.,291 Materials Research Corp., 295 Major League Baseball Players Mautz & Oren, Inc. v. Teamsters, Association, 39, 136 Shelvers & Helpers Union, Local 279, Major League Baseball Players Assoc. v. 285 Garvey,327 Maximum hour standards, violation Majority rule, 162 of, 27 Make-whole remedy, 134, 137 Maxwell Newspapers, in re,310 Makro, Inc.,281 May Department Stores Co., 281–282 Makro Inc., and Renaissance Properties M.B. Sturgis,250 Co., d/b/a Loehmann’s Plaza,280 McClatchy Newspapers, Inc., 311, 313 Malicious combination doctrine, 19 McClellan hearings, 174

398 Index McCulloch v. Sociedad Nacional de Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. v. Marineros de Honduras,247 Massachusetts,244 McDermott Marine Construction,279 Metropolitan Teletronics, 314 McDonald’s Corp., 281 Meuti, Michael, ix McDonald v. City of West Branch,331 MGM Grand Hotel Inc.,293 McDonald v. Mobil Coal Producing, Inc., Michigan Bell Telephone Company, 101, 366, 369 316 McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green,352 Michigan State AFL-CIO v. Miller,341 McGinnis v. Kentucky Fried Chicken, Mid-South Bottling v. NLRB, 314 350 Mid-State Ready Mix,315 McKennon v. Nashville Banner Pub. Co., Midstate Telephone Corp. v. NLRB, 352 282 McLain v. Great American Insurance Midwest Piping & Supply Co.,289 Companies, 369 Midwest Stock Exchange v. NLRB, 260 McNeil v. The National Football League, Mike Yurosek & Son, Inc., 301, 306 238 Mikva, Abner (Abe), 176, 224, 266, Mean compensation, 130 271 Meco Corp. v. NLRB,298 MileHiMetalSystems,Inc.v.MileHi Medeco Sec. Locks, Inc. v. NLRB,274 Metal Systems, Inc., in re, 310 Mediation, 95, 139–140, 143 Miles v. M.N.C. Corporation, 352 Medical interns and residents, 36 Military Traffic Management Command, Medicenter, Mid-South Hospital, 371 285 Medo Photo Supply Corp. v. NLRB, 312 Milk Wagon Drivers v. Meadowmoor ‘‘Meet and confer,’’ 185, 187 Dairies, Inc.,297 Meeting employees on streets, 75 Miller v. Alcoa, 356 Mejia v. New York Sheraton Hotel,356 Milwaukee Spring Division of Illinois Melzer v. Board of Education,296 Coil Spring Company,124,316 Membership lists, union, 180 Minimum-standards legislation, 162– Mental Health Services, Northwest, Inc., 166 312 Minimum wage, 28, 73 Mergers, corporate, 159 Minnesota Mining and Mfg. Co.,318 Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson,356 Minnesota State Board for Community Merit pay proposals, 115 Colleges v. Knight,346 Merk v. Jewel Food Stores,340 Mintz v. Baldwin,244 Mesa Verde Construction Co. v. Northern Miranda Fuel Oil,334 California District Council of Laborers, Mississippi Power & Light Co., 250 290 Mitchem v. Counts, 367 Mescall v. Rochford,345 Mitsubishi Motors Corp v. Soler Chrysler- Metro Broadcasting, Inc. v. Federal Plymouth, Inc.,331 Communications Commission,365 Mobile Oil Exploration,329 Metropolitan District Council United Mod Interiors, Inc.,272 Brotherhood of Carpenters & Joiners v. Molded Acoustical Products, 261–262 NLRB,280 Molon Motor and Coil Corp. v. NLRB, Metropolitan Edison Co. v. NLRB, 316, 301 300, 325, 329 Monopolies, 13–14 Metropolitan Life Ins. Co., 254 Monopsony power, 189

399 Index MontgomeryWard&Co.,Inc.v.NLRB, National Football League 281–282, 288 Management Council, 238 ‘‘Moonlighters,’’ 176 National Football League Players’ Moore Dry Dock, 286 Association, 39 Moral convictions, objections based National Fuel Gas Distribution on, 54 Corporation,263 Morrissey v. Curran,338 National Imagery and Mapping Most-favored-nation agreement, 83 Agency, 188 Motive, 66 National Industrial Recovery Act Motorola, Inc.,276 (NIRA), 28 Mozee v. American Commercial Marine National Labor Relations Act Service Co.,350 (NLRA), 302 Mt. Clemens General Hospital v. NLRB, access to protection by, 38–40 282 appropriate unit, 40–45 Mt. Healthy City School District Board of coverage by, 35–37 Education v. Doyle, 273, 296 dispute resolution in established Mulder v. NLRB,343 relationship, 140, 144, 150, 164 Muller v. Oregon, 359 duty of fair representation, 169 Multiemployer construction facilities, economic pressure and bargaining 84 in the established relationship, 97, Multiemployer lockout situation, 111 99, 101–102, 104, 108–109, 115, Multiunion industries, 193 121, 127 Murcott v. Best Western International, establishing collective bargaining Inc.,367 relationship, 67, 69, 74, 79, 82, Murphy, Betty, 90 94 Murphy Oil U.S.A.,316 industrial relations and labor law Murphy v. United Parcel Service, Inc., prior to modern legislation, 26 361 Landrum-Griffith amendments, 57 NAACP v. Claiborne Hardware,287 National Labor Relations Board, Nabors Alaska Drilling,278–279,290 30–35, 45–47 National Academy of Arbitrators, 149 1959 amendments to, 34 National Basketball Players’ overview,2–3,27–47 Association, 40 proposed repeal of, 138 National Basketball Players Association public-interest labor law, 197 and National Basketball Association, public sector and, 185, 189, 192 307 remedies and the Labor Reform Bill National Conference on Uniform of 1978, 130–131, 135, 138 State Laws, 166 section 7, 33, 73–77 National Education Association section 8, 33 (NEA), 189 section 10(b), 58 National Emergency Disputes Under the section 10(j), 135–136 Taft Hartley Act, 1947–1977, 302 section 13, 104 National Federation of Federal Employees section 301, 150 v. Cheney,371 unfair labor practices, 60, 64

400 Index National Labor Relations Board New Breed Leasing Corp v. NLRB,330 (NLRB) New Deal legislation, 29 arbitration, 158–159 New England Health Care Employees dispute resolution in established Union v. Rowland,246 relationship, 144 New Jersey Bell Telephone Co., 280–281, duty of fair representation, 174 295, 318 economic pressure and bargaining New Jersey Coalition Against War in the in the established relationship, Middle East v. J.M.B. Realty Corp., 97, 99, 102, 108–109, 116, 123– 277 124 Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry establishing collective bargaining DockCo.v.EEOC, 354 relationship, 66–94 New River Industries v. NLRB, 298 filing with, 58 Newsday, Inc. v. Long Island holding an election, 45–47 Typographical Union, 357 overview,2,7,30–31 Newspaper Guild Greater Philadelphia, preemption for, 31–35 Local 100 v. NLRB, 315 primary jurisdiction for, 31–35 Newspaper industry, 193 prosecution with, 58 ‘‘New unionism’’ of 1880s, 3 remedies and the Labor Reform Bill New York Court of Appeals, 152 of 1978, 129–138 New York Handkerchief Mfg. Co. v. unfair labor practices and, 49–64 NLRB,253 National League of Cities v. Usery,241, New York Health and Human Services 365 Union v. NYU Hospitals Center, 293 National Oil Well, Inc.,338 New York Telephone Co. v. New York National pacts negotiations, 234 State Dept. of Labor,244 National R.R. Passenger Corp. v. New York Times v. Sullivan,296 Morgan,353 New York Transit Authority v. Beazer, National Treasury Employees Union v. 351 King, 280 New York University, 249 National Treasury Employees Union v. Nichols v. Azteca Restaurant Enterprises, von Raab, 230 358 National Treasury Employees Union v. Niehaus v. Greyhound Lines, 246 Yeutter,371 Nielsen Lithographing Co. v. NLRB,318 National Trucking Agreement, 142 Nike,Inc.v.Kasky,280 National Woodwork Manufacturers Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals Assoc. v. NLRB,267 dispute resolution in established Native American Church, 216 relationship, 165 NEA. See National Education duty of fair representation, 177 Association economic pressure and bargaining Nelson v. Piedmont Airlines, 304 in the established relationship, Ness v. Hocks,367 102 Nestle Ice Cream Co. v. NLRB, 262 establishing collective bargaining Neutrality agreement, 94 relationship, 76, 78 Nevada Department of Human Resources public-interest labor law, 211, 213, v. Hibbs,365 230

401 Index NissanResearchandDevelopment, NLRB v. Cell Agric Mfg. Co.,288 Inc., 287 NLRBv.ChapadeIndianHealthCorp., NLRA. See National Labor Relations 248 Act NLRB v. City Disposal System 99–100 NLRB. See National Labor Relations NLRB v. C.J. Glasgow Co., 287 Board NLRB v. Clarytona Manor, Inc., 322 NLRB v. A-1 King Size Sandwiches,309 NLRB v. Coca-Cola Bottling Co.,255 NLRB v. AAA Alternator Rebuilders, NLRB v. Collier,273 Inc.,257 NLRB v. Colonial Haven Nursing Home, NLRB v. Acme Industrial Company,318 259 NLRB v. Action Automotive, Inc., 252, NLRB v. Columbus Printing Pressmen 254 Local 252, 312 NLRB v. Actor’s Equity Assn., 249 NLRB v. Container Corporation of NLRB v. Adams Dairy, Inc.,314 America,282 NLRB v. Advanced Stretchforming, 330 NLRB v. Creative Food Design, Ltd., NLRB v. American Art Industries, 287 289 NLRB v. American National Can Co., NLRB v. Crompton-Highland Mills, 311 318 NLRB v. Curtin Matheson Scientific, NLRB v. American National Insurance Inc.,260,303 Co., 312 NLRB v. D&D Enterprises, 305 NLRB v. American Olean Tile Co., 305 NLRB v. Denver Building Trades,84–85 NLRB v. Anchorage Times Publishing NLRB v. Detroit Edison Co., 318 Co., 287 NLRB v. Deutsch Co.,253 NLRB v. Ancus Bros. Inc.-Maxwell, NLRB v. Draper Corp.,301 329 NLRB v. Drivers, Chauffeurs, Helpers, NLRB v. Babcock and Wilcox Co., 275 Local Union No. 639, 282 NLRB v. Baptist Hospital, Inc., 282 NLRB v. Erie Resistor Corp.,304 NLRB v. Bartlett-Collins Co.,313 NLRB v. Exchange Parts Co., 51, 311 NLRB v. Bell Aerospace Co., 252 NLRB v. Fainblatt,247 NLRB v. Beverly Enterprises- NLRB v. Fansteel Metallurgical Corp., Massachusetts, Inc.,322 301 NLRB v. Big Three Welding Equipment NLRB v. Financial Institution Employees Company,273 of Americas, Local 1182, 313 NLRB v. Bildisco and Bildisco, 309 NLRB v. First National Maintenance NLRB v. Bingham-Willamette,306 Corp.,314 NLRB v. Boeing Co.,338 NLRB v. Flambeau Airmold, 262 NLRB v. Brinks, Inc. of Florida,253 NLRB v. Fleetwood Trailer Co., 305 NLRB v. Brown,308 NLRB v. Food and Commercial Workers, NLRB v. Bufco Corp.,290 269 NLRB v. Burns International Security NLRB v. Food Store Employees Local 347, Services, 330 322 NLRB v. Burnup and Sims, Inc., 274 NLRB v. Fort Vancouver Plywood Co., NLRB v. Business Machines and Office 320 Appliance Mechanics Conference NLRB v. Fosdal Electric,287 Board, Local 459 IUE,284 NLRB v. Foundry Division of Alcon NLRB v. Cabot Carbon Co., 263 Industries,262

402 Index NLRB v. Fruit and Vegetable Packers, NLRB v. K&K Gourmet Meats, Inc., Local 760, 286 289–290 NLRB v. Garner Tool & Die Manufac- NLRB v. Katz, 310 turing, Inc., 298 NLRB v. Kemmerer Village, Inc., 251 NLRB v. General Electric Co., 317 NLRB v. Kentucky River Community NLRB v. The General Motors Corp., Care, Inc., 250 172 NLRB v. Knight Morley Co.,349 NLRB v. Gissel Packing Co.,89–91, NLRB v. Koenig Iron Works, Inc.,288 259, 289 NLRB v. L.G. Everist, Inc.,02 NLRB v. Great Dane Trailers, Inc., 273 NLRB v. Lion Oil Co., 300 NLRB v. Great Scot, 283 NLRB v. Lloyd A. Fry Co.,294 NLRB v. Greyhound Lines, Inc.,296 NLRB v. Local 103, Iron Workers,283 NLRB v. Gullet Gin Co.,320 NLRB v. Local 825, Operating NLRB v. Hanna Boys Center,251 Engineers,284 NLRB v. Harvey Hubble, Inc., 274 NLRB v. Local No. 2 of United Associ- NLRB v. Health Care & Retirement ation of Plumbing and Pipefitting Corp. of America, 250 Industry, 320 NLRB v. Hearst Publications, Inc., 250 NLRB v. Local Union No. 1229, NLRB v. Hendricks County Rural IBEWN,100 Electric Membership Corp.,252 NLRB v. Lorben Corp., 259 NLRB v. Hiney Printing Co.,265 NLRB v. Lyon & Ryan Ford, Inc., 304 NLRB v. Honeywell Inc.,282 NLRB v. Magnavox Co., 276, 345 NLRB v. Howard Johnson Motor Lodge, NLRB v. Massachusetts Nurses Assn., 258 312 NLRB v. Illinois Tool Work,297 NLRB v. Max Factor & Co., 329 NLRB v. Insurance Agents’ International NLRB v. Metropolitan Alloys Corp.,265 Union, 294, 373 NLRB v. Metropolitan Life Ins. Co., 254 NLRB v. International Brotherhood of NLRB v. Milk Drivers & Dairy Electrical Workers, Local 340, 337 Employees, Local 38,273 NLRB v. International Longshoremen’s NLRB v. Mini-Togs,101 Association, AFL-CIO,285 NLRB v. Montgomery Ward & Co. Inc., NLRB v. International Longshoremen’s 301 Union, AFL-CIO,285 NLRB v. Nash-Finch,306 NLRB v. International Rice Milling Co., NLRB v. Nevis Industries, 299 284 NLRB v. Newport News Shipbuilding NLRB v. International Van Lines,312, Co.,263 320 NLRB v. Newton-New Haven Co.,322 NLRB v. Ironworkers Local 433,284 NLRB v. Niagara Machine & Tool NLRB v. Jacob E. Decker & Sons,273 Workers,274 NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp., NLRB v. Northeast Oklahoma City Mfg. 28–29, 241 Co.,300 NLRB v. Joy Technologies, Inc.,274 NLRB v. Ohio Masonic Home,279 NLRB v. J.S. Alberici Construction Co., NLRB v. Oklahoma Installation Co., 319 291 NLRB v. J. Weingarten, Inc.,295 NLRB v. Pennsylvania Greyhound Lines, NLRB v. J-Wood\A Tappan Div.,258 265

403 Index NLRB v. Pennsylvania Telephone Guild, NLRB v. Stevens Ford, Inc.,254 313 NLRB v. St. Joseph’s Hospital, 313 NLRB v. Pentre Electric, 262 NLRB v. St. Louis Christian Home,251 NLRB v. Pepsi Cola Bottling Company, NLRB v. Suffield Academy,317 301 NLRB v. The Catholic Bishop of Chicago, NLRB v. Pizza Crust Co.,279 251 NLRB v. Plasterers’ Union Local 79, NLRB v. Thompson Transport Co.,314 268 NLRB v. Thor Power Tool Company,297 NLRB v. Powell Electrical Manufac- NLRB v. Tomco Communication Inc., turing Co.,311 311 NLRB v. Prescott Industrial Products NLRB v. Town & Country Elec., Inc., Company,298 252, 272 NLRB v. Pueblo of San Juan, 248 NLRB v. Transmarine Navigation Corp., NLRB v. Radio and Television Broadcast 314 Engineers Union, Local 1212, 268 NLRB v. Transportation Management NLRB v. R.C. Can Co.,302 Corp.,70 NLRB v. Red Top, Inc.,296 NLRB v. Triple C Maintenance, 291 NLRB v. Reed & Prince Mfg. Co., 309 NLRB v. Truck Drivers Local 449, 307– NLRB v. Reliance Fuel Oil Corp.,247 308 NLRB v. Retail Store Employees’ Union, NLRB v. U.S. Postal Service,318 284 NLRB v. U.S.A. Polymer Corp.,288 NLRB v. Retail Store Employees’ Union NLRB v. Truitt Manufacturing Co., Local 1001,286 318 NLRB v. Rockaway News Supply NLRB v. Unbelievable Inc.,322 Company, Inc., 302 NLRB v. United Food and Commercial NLRB v. Royal Plating and Polishing Workers Union, Local 23, 243 Co., 314 NLRB v. United Steelworkers of America NLRB v. Salvation Army Day Care (Nutone, Inc.), 275 Centers,312 NLRB v. United Train Sales,290 NLRB v. S&H Grossinger’s, Inc.,272 NLRB v. Viola Indus.-Elevator Div., NLRB v. Sands Mfg. Co., 300 Inc.,290 NLRB v. Savair Mfg. Co., 261 NLRB v. Washington Aluminum Co., NLRB v. Scott & Fetzer, 262 299, 349 NLRB v. Sears, Roebuck & Co., 243, NLRB v. Wayne Corp.,274 269 NLRB v. Wehr Constructors, Inc., 315 NLRB v. Servette, Inc.,286 NLRB v. Weingarten, Inc., 324 NLRB v. Service America Corp.,258 NLRB v. Western Wirebound Box Co., NLRB v. Seven-Up Bottling, 319 319 NLRB v. Sheraton Puerto Rico Corp., NLRB v. Whitney Museum of,261 299 NLRB v. W.L. Miller Co.,290 NLRB v. Shop Rite Foods,302 NLRB v. Wooster Division of Borg- NLRB v. Simon Debartolo, 330 Warner Corp., 310 NLRB v. Southern Greyhound Lines,302 NLRB v. Wyman-Gordon Co.,272 NLRB v. Star Color Plate Service,288 NLRB v. Yeshiva University, 252 NLRB v. State of Illinois Department of Noblit Brothers, Inc., 315 Employment Security, 320 Nolde Bros., Inc. v. Bakery Workers, 327

404 Index No-man’s land, 99 O’Connor, Sandra Day, 218, 361 Nonmajority bargaining order, 92 O’Connor v. Consolidated Coin Caterers Nonmandatory subject, 116 Corp., 362 Nonprofit health-care institutions, O’Connor v. Ortega,371 79 Office and Professional Employees Nonresident aliens, 36 International Union, AFL-CIO v. Nonsolicitation rules, 79–80 NLRB,276 Nonunion employees, 16 Office and Professional Employees Nonworking hours, 79 International Union, Local 2, 266 ‘‘No proper cause,’’ 162 Ohio Valley Hospital, 312 No Raiding Pact, AFL-CIO, 95, 293 Oil, Chemical & Atomic Workers Norfolk Southern Railway v. Johnson, International Union v. Mobil Oil 367 Corp., 266 Norris-LaGuardia Act of 1932, 240, Oil, Chemical, and Atomic Workers, 284 Local 4–16000 v. Ethyl Corp., 325 dispute resolution in established Oil Workers Local 1–591 (Burlington relationship,150–151,155,157 Northern Railroad),285 establishing collective bargaining Oklahoma Zoological Trust,249 relationship, 83 Olin Corporation, 329 and National Labor Relations Act, Olivetti Office U.S.A., Inc. v. NLRB, 315 29 On-air programmers, 42–43 overview,3,23–26 Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services, North Macon Health Care Facility,272 Inc., 212, 358 Northrop Corporation v. Triad Financial On-call employees, 46 Establishment,327 O’Neil’s Market v. NLRB, 283 Northside Center for Childhood Develop- Ontario Knife v. NLRB, 294 ment, Inc., 314 Open shop policy, 16 No-solicitation rules, 71–72 Orange Memorial Hospital,279 No-strike clauses, 141, 145, 150–151, Oregon Steel Mills, Inc.,305 155–158 Oregon-Washington Railroad & Nav. Novosel v. Nationwide Insurance Co., Co. v. Washington,244 366 Organizational campaigns, 65–66, 75, Novotel New York,262,299 80–83 Organized Crime Control Act Oakwood Hospital v. NLRB, 280–281 (OCCA), 266 Objectionable conduct, prima facie Orr v. Westminster Village North, Inc., showing of, 46 369 Obligation to bargain, 66–68 Otis Elevator Company, 315 Obscenity, 101 Outboard Marine Corp.,316 OCCA. See Organized Crime Control Out-of-state defendants, serving, 150 Act Outsider rule, 174–175 Occupation of the field doctrine, 32– Overnight Transportation Co. v. NLRB, 33 288 Occupational Safety and Health Act Overtime compensation, 27 (OSHA) of 1970, 163, 197, 199– Owen v. Carpenter’s District Council, 202 367

405 Index Pacific Maritime Association v. ILWU, Phipps v. IASD Health Services Corp., 328 368–369 Packard Motor Car Co. v. NLRB,250 Phoenix Newspapers, 296 Packing House and Industrial Services v. Physical harm, intimidation by threat NLRB, 319–320 of, 12, 296 Palmateer v. Int’l Harvester Co., 367 Pickering v. Board of Education, 296, Paolella v. Browning-Ferris, Inc., 367 344 Paper Mart,273 Picketing Paperworkers Local 1033 (Weyerhaeuser establishing collective bargaining Paper Co.),342 relationship,75–76,80–88 Parish Frame Division,336 industrial relations and labor law Parker-Robb Chevrolet, 103, 250 prior to modern legislation, 11–12, Parker v. Boise Telco Federal Credit 16, 21, 26 Union,369 and National Labor Relations Act Parsons Electric Company,319 and, 35, 46 Patel v. Quality Inn South,250 and public sector, 193–194 Pattern Makers’ League of North America and unfair labor practices, 56–57 v. NLRB, 336–338 Pikesville United Methodist Hospital v. The Patterson-Sargent Company,297 United Steelworkers, 249 Patterson v. McLean Credit Union,354 Pilots, strikebreaking, 108 Pay ’n Save Corp v. NLRB,282 Pipefitters Local 562 v. United States, Peace, industrial, 67, 146, 235 341 Pease Company v. NLRB, 309 Pittsburgh & Lake Erie Railroad Co. v. Peerless Publications, 315 Railway Labor Executive Association, Penalties, 22 314 Pennoyer v. Neff,325 Pittsburgh Des Moines Corp. v. NLRB, Pennsylvania Greyhound Lines, 263 309 Pennsylvania Power and Light Co., Pittsburgh Press Co. v. NLRB, 265 372 Plant-closing legislation, 125 Pension plan, 197 Plumbers and Pipefitters v. Local 334, People v. DiGuida, 277 326 Perez v. Dana Corporation,336 Plumbers Local Union 141 v. NLRB, Permanent injunction, 21 266 ‘‘Permanent stake’’ in business, 10 Police officers, 186, 191–193 ‘‘Permanent’’ workers, in Europe, 6 Polish National Alliance v. NLRB,247 ‘‘Permissive’’ subject, 116 Political process, and unions, 182– Perry Broadcasting Inc., 255–256 184 Perry Education Association v. Local Polling workers, by employers, 50 Educator’s Association,345 Polly Drummond Thriftway, 278 Perry v. Sindermann, 296, 346 Pooled votes, 43 Personal convictions, objections Posner, Richard, 127, 208 based on, 54 Postal ballot, 46 Petitions, 42, 56, 62, 94–95, 162 Postal Reorganization Act of 1970, PGA, Inc. v. Martin, 361 141, 185 Phillip Carey v. NLRB, 311 Posting of notices, 53, 80 Phillips v. Martin Marietta Corp.,355 Potter v. Village Bank of New Jersey,367

406 Index Powell, Lewis, 37, 73, 109, 161 Production Workers Union of Chicago & Power, Inc. v. NLRB,288 Vicinity, Local 707 v. NLRB,342 PPG Industries, Inc., 259–260 Productivity problems, 234 Precise Window Manufacturing, Inc. v. Profanity, 101 NLRB,273 Professional sports, 39–40 Precision Window Manufacturing, Inc., dispute resolution in established 320 relationship, 142 Predispute agreement, economic pressure and bargaining unenforceability of, 166 in the established relationship, 127 Preemption doctrine, 94 public-interest labor law, 212–213 dispute resolution in established remedies and the Labor Reform Bill relationship, 151 of 1978, 136 establishing collective bargaining Profit-sharing plans, 117 relationship, 78 Progress Printing Co. v. Nichols, 369 and National Labor Relations Promotions, 148 Board, 31–34 Proper accommodation, 74 Pregerson, Harry, 165 Prosecutorial side, NLRB, 30–31, 58 Pregnancy-related disabilities, 209 Protection, 99, 104 Premier Rubber Co., 259–260 against arbitrary treatment, 233 President and Fellows of Harvard College, economic pressure and bargaining 255 in the established relationship, 102 Presidential veto, 52 for individuals with disabilities, 217– Preston, Sarah, x 219 Pretermination hearing, 187 for organized labor, 24 Price allocation, 13 Providence Hospital,250 Price v. NLRB,294 Proving discrimination, 203 Price v. Southern Pacific Transportation Pruneyard Shopping Center v. Robins, Co.,335 277 Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins, 205, 358 PSM Steel Construction, Inc., 291 Prima facie showing, 69–70 Public employees, 35 Prima facie tort doctrine, 11, 13 Public Employees Retirement System of Primary dispute, 77 Ohio v. Betts,363 Primary employer, 83–84 Public-interest labor law Primary jurisdiction doctrine, 31–34 accommodating religious obser- A Primer on American Labor Law,xx vances, 215–217 Printing industry, 193 age discrimination, 219–221 Prison guards, 192 bona fide seniority systems, 206 Prison population, 42, 204 conclusion, 232 Private property, 75–76 continued rapid growth of area, Private sector 233 collective bargaining in, 27 drug and alcohol problems, 229– and public sector, 188–192 232 Privatization, of government services, eleventh amendment, 224–225 188 Employee Retirement Income Production Workers, Local 707 v. NLRB, Security Act, 197–198 285 employment discrimination law, 202

407 Index Public-interest labor law (cont.) Railway Clerks v. Allen, 341 Occupational Safety and Healthy Railway Employees v. Hanson,341 Health Act of 1970, 199–202 Railway Labor Act of 1926, 28, 83, protection for individuals with 108, 140, 142, 150, 249, 295, 302, disabilities, 217–219 314 proving discrimination, 203 Railway workers, 140 remedies, 221–224 Rainbow Coaches,320 sexual orientation discrimination, Raley’s, Inc. v. NLRB,259 214–215 Ramsey v. NLRB,329 wrongful discharge, 225–229 Rangaire Acquisition Corp.,310 Publicity picketing, 82 Rank-and-file workers, 105, 158, 345 Public policy defense, 154–155 Rankin v. McPherson,296 Public property, 75 RCA Del Caribe, Inc.,289 Public Review Board, UAW, 179 RCA Mfg Co.,253 Public sector Reagan, Ronald, xvii, 125, 138, 296 arbitration, 150, 166–167 Reasonable ‘‘diligence,’’ 130 dispute resolution in established Reasonable discipline, 172 relationship, 140 ‘‘Reasonable period of time,’’ 81 overview, 185–195 Recalls, 117 and private sector, 188–192 Recent Developments under the National striking, 234 Labor Relations Act: The Board and Pugh v. See’s Candy, Inc., 227, 368 the Circuit Courts, 294 Pullman-Standard v. Swint,353 Recidivist employer, 137 Punitive sanctions, 130 Reclassification, of white-collar ‘‘Purely political tracts,’’ 73 workers, 27–28 Pye v. Teamsters Local 122,284 Recognition clause, 117 Recruitment, 65–66 Q-1 Motor Express Inc.,315 Redress of grievances, 162 ‘‘Quality’’,52 Red Sox, 39 Quality C.A.T.V., Inc.,299 Red Stores, Inc.,279 Quasi-public property, 73 Reed v. United Transportation Union, Quebec, remedies and the Labor 338 Reform Bill of 1978 in, 138 Reeves, Alan, xxi Quick v. NLRB, 336 ‘‘Refusal-to-bargain’’ cases, 119 Regents of the University of California v. Racial issues, 57, 102 Bakke, 364 Racketeer Influenced Corruption Regional tariffs, 3 Organizations (RICO) statute, Registered nurses, 36, 204 266–267 Regressive bargaining, 126 Racketeering and Corruption Act Regular membership dues, 338 (RICO), 181 Rehabilitation Act of 1973, 217 Radio Officers’ Union v. NLRB,273 Rehnquist, William, 50, 211, 260, 349, Radisson Plaza Minneapolis, 309 352 Radwan v. Beecham Laboratories,366 Reichhold Chemicals, Inc., 309, 317 Ragsdale v. Wolverine World Wide, Inc., Reinstatement, with back pay, 102 355 Reisbeck Food Markets, Inc.,280

408 Index Religious objections, 53–54 Roadway Express, Inc. v. NLRB, 282 Religious observances, accommo- Robertshaw Controls Co. v. NLRB,316 dating, 215–217 Robesky v. Qantas Empire Airways,334 Remedies Rodriguez, Alex, 39 and Labor Reform Bill of 1978, Rodriguez de Quijas v. Shearson/ 129–138 American Express, Inc.,331 public-interest labor law, 221–224 Rogers v. Lockheed Georgia Company, Rene v. MGM Grand Hotel, Inc., 358 336 Reno Hilton, 264 Rojo v. Kliger,366 Renteria v. Italia Foods, Inc.,250 Roosevelt, Theodore, 28–29 Replacements, permanent for Rosenfeld, Arthur, 323 strikers, 109 Rose Printing Co., 305 Reprisals, 65 Roseville Dodge v. NLRB,301 Republican Party Rossmore House, 259–260 and Fair Labor Standards Act Roth,Debra,xxi legislation, 27 Roundout Electric, Inc. v. NYS and public sector, 187 Department of Labor,246 and unfair labor practices, 52 Rowe v. Montgomery Ward & Co., 366 Republic Aviation Corp v. NLRB,71– Royal Typewriter Co. v. NLRB,314 72, 274–276 Rundell, Mary Ann, x Republic Steel Corp. v. Maddox, 331, Rushton v. Nebraska Public Power 335 District,371 Research assistants, 36 Rutan v. Republican Party of Illinois, Respondent, 60 346 Restaurants, 79 Ruzicka v. General Motors Corp., 334 Restraining orders, 16, 21 Ryan v. Dan’s Food Stores, Inc., 369 Restraint of trade, 9, 11, 13–14, 17, 20 Sac and Fox Industries, Ltd.,248 Restraints, in establishing collective Sacramento Union,298 bargaining relationship, 65–96. See Sadler v. Basin Electric Power Co-op,369 also specific types of restraints Safeway Stores, 86–87, 254 Retail Clerks v. Schermerhorn,266 Sahara Datsun v. NLRB,287 Retlaw Broadcasting Co., 261 Sahara Tahoe Corp.,279 Revenues, raising in public sector, Saint Vincent’s Hospital,275 189 Salary cap, 40 Rice Food Markets, Inc.,255 Salary disputes, in baseball, 142 Richenberg v. Perry,360 Salinas Valley Ford Sales, 305 Richerson v. Jones,363 Samsonite Corporation,297 RICO. See Racketeering and San Diego Building Trades Council v. Corruption Act Garmon, 244, 246, 280, 292 Rights disputes, 139, 142 San Diego Gas & Electric,258–259 Right-to-work legislation, 53–54, 73 San Diego Padres, 39 Riverside Cement Co., 308 San Francisco Labor Council, 138 Riverside Church in the City of New York, San Jose Police Officers Association v. San 251 Jose,347 Riverside Community Hospital,292 Santa Clara County, 223

409 Index Sara Lee Bakery Group, Inc. v. NLRB, Self-enforcing authority, 61 255 Self-interest, 19 Sav-On Drugs, Inc.,254 Seminole Tribe v. Florida,365 Scalia, Antonin, 207, 212, 216, 352, Semiskilled workers, 43 371 Semore v. Pool,371 Scattered shifts, 46 Senate Scepter, Inc. v. NLRB,288 Labor Committee, 113 Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States, and National Labor Relations 243 Board, 31 Schneider, Kathleen, xv remedies and the Labor Reform Bill School Board of Nassau County, Florida of 1978, 136, 138 v. Airline,362 S.E. Nichols, Inc.,261 Scottex.rel.NLRBv.StephenDunn& Seniority systems, 148 Assoc.,289 bona fide, 206 Scott Hudgens,277 public-interest labor law, 207 Scott v. University of Delaware, 363 Sentry Markets, Inc., 279 Scurrilous literature, 100 Serv-Air,Inc.v.NLRB,275 Searches and seizures, unreasonable, Service Electric, 306 229 Service Employees International Union v. Sears, Roebuck & Co.,295 County of Napa,333 Sears, Roebuck & Co. v. San Diego Service Employees International Union v. County District Council of Carpenters, St. Vincent Medical Center, 292 245, 280 Service Employees, Local 399 v. NLRB, Seattle Baseball Club, in re,289 287 Seattle First National Bank, 278 Service Master Aviation Services,249 Seattle Seahawks, 320 Service Merchandise, Inc.,269 Secondary boycotts, 14 Seubert v. McKesson Corp.,369 establishing collective bargaining Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals relationship, 83, 85–88 duty of fair representation, 177 industrial relations and labor law economic pressure and bargaining prior to modern legislation, 16–17 in the established relationship, unfair labor practices, 56–58 108–109 Secondary employer, 84, 87 public-interest labor law, 204, 208 Secondary picketing, 82–88 Seventh Day Adventist Church, 216 Second Circuit Court of Appeals Sewell Mfg. Co., 262, 299 economic pressure and bargaining Sex discrimination, 203–204, 207–214 in the established relationship, ‘‘Sex-plus’’ cases, 210 120, 122 Sexual harassment, 102, 211 public-interest labor law, 204 Sexual orientation discrimination, Secret-ballot election, 38, 57, 92 214–215 Secret contacts, 65 Sexual stereotypes, discrimination Securities registration application, based on, 213 163 SHAD Alliance v. Smith Haven Mall, Security agreements, union, 172– 278 174 Shapiro v. Wells Fargo Realty Advisors, Security clause, union, 53, 58 368

410 Index Shaw’s Supermarkets v. NLRB,261 Smith’s Food & Drug Centers, 269, 288 Shea v. Machinists,337 Smith v. Arkansas State Highway Shearson/American Express, Inc. v. Employees, 344–345 McMahon, 331 Smithv.CalgonCarbonCorp., 366 Sheet Metal Workers’ International Smithv.CityofDesMoines, 363 Association v. Lynn,339 Smith v. Gould, Inc., 367 Sheet Metal Workers Local 59, 312 Smith v. Hussmann Refrigerator Co.,335 Shelton v. Tucker, 344 Smith v. Midland Brake, Inc., 367 Shepard Convention Services, Inc.,257 Snell, Karen, xxi, Shepherd Tissue, Inc., 262, 299 Snider, Timothy, x Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, 13, 25 Social context, 212 Shoemaker v. Myers,368 S.O.C., Inc. v. Mirage Casino-Hotel,277 Shop committees, 4 Solar Turbines Inc.,305 Shopping centers, 74, 76 Solicitation, 66, 71–72, 79–80 Short form adoption, 135 Solien v. Miscellaneous Drivers & Short form opinion, 62 Helpers U., Local No. 6102, 270 Shotgun marriage, 153 Somerset Welding & Steel Inc. v. NLRB, Showing of interest, 42 288 ‘‘Sick’’ industries, 193 Soroka v. Dayton-Hudson Corp.,360 Sick leave, 117 Sosa,Sammy,39 Sidewalks, 75 Souter,David,349 Sierra Publishing Co. v. NLRB,297 Southcenter Joint Venture v. National Sierra Vista Hospital, Inc., 253 Democratic Policy Comm., 277 ‘‘Signal,’’ employee response in Southern California Edison Company, construction industry triggered by, 282, 298 85 Southern Indiana Health Council,248 Signal picketing, 82, 88 Southern Services, Inc. v. NLRB, 275 Silver State Disposal Service, Inc., 302 Southwest Forest Indus., Inc. v. NLRB, Sinclair decision, 155–156 311 Singh v. Jutla, 250 Sovereignty, legal concept of, 188 Sit-ins, 104 Sparks Nugget, Inc.,78 Sitka Sound Seafoods,258 SparksNugget,Inc.v.NLRB, 279–280 Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals, 99 Spartan Equipment Co., Inc., 297 Skilled workers, 43–44 Spaulding v. Univ. of Washington, 358– Skinner v. Railway Labor Executives’ 359 Association,371 Special contracts, 39 SK Steel Corp, v. United Steelworkers,293 Speedrack, Inc., 301 Skyline Distributors v. NLRB, 262, 288 Speedrack Product Groups Limited, 255– Slaughter v. NLRB,295 256 Slavery, abolition of, 15 ‘‘Speed team’’ case handling process, Slivinsky v. Watkins-Johnson Co.,369 133 Slogans, union, 101–102 Sphere of interest, for workers, 10 Small plant doctrine, 66 Spielberg Manufacturing Co.,329 Smith, Elizabeth, xviii Spies Smith-Pfeiffer v. The Superintendent of company, 24 theWalterE.FernaldStateSchool,366 union, 49

411 Index Spruce Up Corp., 330 Strife, promotion of, 100 Spurlock v. United Airlines, Inc.,351 Strikebreakers, 50, 84, 106–108 Standard of living, improved, 235 Strikes Stanford Hospital v. NLRB,279 dispute resolution in established Stare decisis, 144–145 relationship, 141–142, 145, 148, Star Tribune, 372 150–151, 154–158 State courts duty of fair representation, 173 dispute resolution in established economic pressure and bargaining relationship, 141, 151, 155–156, 166 in the established relationship, minimum wage legislation, 28 101, 104–110, 116 National Labor Relations Act, 33 establishing collective bargaining and public sector, 185–186, 192 relationship,75,81,83–84,95 right-to-work laws, 73 industrial relations and labor law State mediation agencies, 143 prior to modern legislation, 11, State v. Felmet,278 16–17, 19, 21–22, 26 State v. Wicklund,277 and National Labor Relations Act, Status quo, preservation of, 22 35 Statute of limitations, 58–59 public sector, 185–186, 192–194, Statutory employees, 36 234 Stead Motors of Walnut Creek v. Stroehmann Bakeries, Inc.,319 Automotive Machinists Lodge No. Struksnes Construction Co.,259 1173,327 Subcontracting, 57, 84–86, 120, 152 Steele v. Louisville and Nashville Substantial and irreparable injury, Railroad,334 23 Steel industry, 142, 171 Substantial continuity, in work force, Steelworkers Trilogy, 150–153, 156, 160 160–161, 166, 171, 333 Subversion of election outcomes, by Steffan v. Perry,360 employers, 133–134 St. Elizabeth Hospital v. NLRB, 251 Successor employers, 159–160 Stevens, John Paul, 88, 157, 245, 286, Suders v. Easton,358 331, 336, 349, 356, 371 Sullair P.T.O, Inc., v. NLRB,298 Stevenson, Adlai, 2 Sumitomo Shoji America, Inc. v. Stewart, Potter, 74, 119–120, 349 Avagliano,350 St.FrancisCollegev.Al-Khazraji, 354 Summary affirmance, of adminis- St. Francis Hospital,255 trative law judges’ decisions, 135 St. Joe Minerals Corp.,303 Summer Products,262 St. John’s Hospital and School of Sundstrand Heat Transfers, Inc. v. Nursing, Inc., 281 NLRB, 320, 322 St. Luke’s Hospital,279 Sunrise Rehabilitation Hospital,262 Stockton Roofing Co., 291 Superior Container, Inc.,287 Stone Container Corp.,338 ‘‘Super Panel’’ system, 133 Stoody Co., 263–264 Superseniority, 107–108 Storer Cable TV of Texas, Inc.,315 Supervisory activity, protecting, 102 Stranahan v. Fred Meyer, Inc.,277 Supervisory employees, 35 Street Employees Division 1287 v. Supervisory unions, 190 Missouri,303 Supremacy clause, Constitutional, 32

412 Index Supreme Court. See specific cases and Teamsters for a Democratic Union decisions (TDU), 181 Sure Tan Inc. v. NLRB,249 Teamsters Local 43 v. NLRB,268 Surface bargaining, 113 TeamstersLocal174v.LucasFlourCo., Surveillance of union activities, 49 328 Susquehanna United Super, Inc.,280 Teamsters Local 391 v. Terry,336 Sutton v. United Airlines, Inc.,361 TeamstersLocal515v.NLRB,317 Sweden, unfair labor practices in, 55 TeamstersLocal807v.NLRB,253 Swedish Employers Federation, 3 Teamsters Local Union No. 639 v. Swinton v. Potomac Corp.,358 NLRB,312 Sympathy strikes, 17, 157–158 Teamsters-United Parcel Agreement, Syres v. Oil Workers Local 23, 334 1984 ratification of, 176 Technology Services Solutions,272 Tactics, bargaining, 97–128. See also Teledyne Economic Development v. specific tactics NLRB,249 Taft, Robert, 20, 195 Teledyne, Industries, Inc.,274,305 Taft Broadcasting Co., 311 Telephone calls, 66, 75 Taft-Hartley Act, 70, 98, 106, 125, Telescope Casual Furniture, Inc.,317 141–142, 151, 154, 157, 173, 182, Telex Communications,261 302 Temporary ex parte orders, 23 Taft-Hartley Amendments (1947), Temporary restraining order, 21 30–31, 35–36, 41, 43–44, 53, 55, Ten Broeck Commons,250 58, 80, 83, 89, 105, 107, 150, 156, Termination, erroneous, 187 195, 285 Terms or conditions of employment, Tajon, Inc.,293 16 ‘‘Take it or leave it’’ bargaining, 55, Texas Dept. of Community Affairs v. 125 Burdine,352 Tameny v. Atlantic Richfield Co.,226, Texas Petrochemicals Corp.,50 368 Texas Petrochemicals v. NLRB, 260 Taracorp Industries, A Division of Texas Rangers, 39 Taracorp, Inc.,295 Textile Workers Union v. Darlington Target Rock Corp., 305, 307 Manufacturing Co.,314 Tariffs, 3 Textile Workers Union v. Lincoln Mills, Taxes, 189 150, 243 Taylor-Dunn Mfg. Co.,261 Thayer doctrine, 301 Taylor Report, 189 Theatrical Employees Local 39 v. NLRB, Taylor v. Brighton Corp., 349 301 TCIWest,Inc.v.NLRB,258 Theodus v. McLaughlin,341 TDU. See Teamsters for a Democratic Thiele Industries, Inc.,272 Union Third Circuit Court of Appeals Teachers, 37, 186–187, 189, 193 economic pressure and bargaining Teachers’ unions, 191 in the established relationship, Teaching assistants, 36 102, 120 TEAM Act, 52, 264 establishing collective bargaining Teamsters, 353. See also International relationship, 90–91 Brotherhood of Teamsters Third innocent party, 84

413 Index Third-party intervention, 139–141 Trailways Lines v. Joint Council,263 Thomas, Clarence, xiii, 77–78, 212, Transportation-Communication 327, 349, 358 Employees Union v. Union Pacific Thomas Industries v. NLRB,260 Railroad,293 Thomasson v. Perry, 360 Trans World Airlines, Inc. v. Hardison, Thomas v. Collins, 279, 344 361 Thomas v. NLRB, 343 Trans World Airlines v. Thurnston,352 Thomas v. Review Board,361 Trbovich v. United Mine Workers, 179 Thomas v. United Parcel, Inc.,335 Tree Fruits, 86, 286 Thompson, Frank, 131 Tree of Life, Inc.,250 Thoreson-McCosh, Inc., 303 Trespass, 33, 74 Thornhill v. Alabama, 283 Tressler Lutheran Home v. NLRB, 251 Threats, 12, 17, 33, 49, 83 Trial examiner. See Administrative Tiidee Products, Inc., 322 law judge Timekeeping Systems, Inc., 274 Tri-Cast, Inc.,306 Times Publishing Co. v. NLRB, 281 Tri-County Medical Center,279 Timple, Inc. v. NLRB,298 Trinity St Co.,322 Title I rights, 175 Trombley v. Southwestern Vermont Title VII rights, 162, 209–211, 215– Medical Center,369 216, 220, 222–223, 225 Trompler Inc., v. NLRB, 300 TNS, Inc., 300 Truck Drivers Local 807, International Todd Shipyards Corp. v. Secretary of Brotherhood of Teamsters v. Carey Labor, 258, 349 Transportation, Inc., 309 The Toledo Blade Company, 312 Truck Drivers Union, Local 413 v. Toledo Typographical Union No. 63 v. NLRB, 267 NLRB, 312 Truesdale, John, 90 Top-down organizing, 86 Truitt, Glenn, ix Torosyan v. Boehringer Ingelheim Trusteeships, 178 Pharmaceuticals, Inc.,369 T.R.W. Bearings,275 Torres v. Wisconsin Dept. of Health and TRW-United Greenfield Division v. Social Services,351 NLRB, 260 Torrington Extend-A-Care Employee Tuskegee Area Transportation System,312 Association v. NLRB, 319, 321 Tweedle Litho, Inc.,292 Torrington Industries,315 Tyler Business Services, Inc.,297 Totality-of-conduct approach, 127 Typoservice Corp.,304 Toth v. USX Corp.,263 Toussaint v. Blue Cross Blue Shield of UAA. See Uniform Arbitration Act Michigan,366 UAW. See also United Auto Workers Toyota Motor Manufacturing Co. v. UAW-CIO. See United Auto Workers- Williams, 361 Congress of Industrial Toys-R-Us, Inc., 261 Organizations Trades Disputes Act of 1906, 3 UAW-Labor and Employment Training Trade Union and Labor Relations Corp. v. Chao,342 Actof1976(Britain),54 UAW v. Dana, 293 Trade unions,2,80,97.Seealso UAW v. Wisconsin Employment Relations specific unions Board,303

414 Index UFCW Local No. 880 v. NLRB,280 United Construction Workers v. Ulane v. Eastern Airlines, 355 Laburnum Const. Corp.,244 Umpireships, permanent, 141 United Dairy Farmers’ Cooperative Unauthorized stoppages, 145 Associations, 90–91 Unavoidable, irreparable damage, 22 United Dairy Farmers Cooperative Assn v. Unceasing agitation, 19–20 NLRB,289–290 Uncertainty, good-faith-reasonable, United Electrical Contractors & Ordman, 51 269 Undocumented workers, 36 United Electrical Radio & Machine Unfair labor practices. See also Workers of America, Local 623,273 specific practices United Federation of Postal Clerks v. dispute resolution in established Blount, 303, 345 relationship, 143 United Food & Commercial Workers duty of fair representation, 169, Local 751 v. Brown Group, Inc., 317 173 United Food & Commercial Workers, economic pressure and bargaining Local No. 1996,284 in the established relationship, 98, United Food & Commercial Workers 102–103, 109 Union, 343 establishing collective bargaining United Hatters of North America, 14 relationship, 76, 81, 89–90 United Mine Workers, 5 National Labor Relations Act, 47 United Mine Workers v. Pennington, 284 overview, 49 United Paperworkers International Union Unions. See individual union name v. Misco, 327 and union activities United Paperworkers International Union Union Square Theatre Management, v. NLRB, 319 250 United Parcel Service, Inc.,249,254 Union Telephone and Telegraph Co., United Parcel Service, Inc. v. Mitchell, 318 336 United Airlines, Inc. v. Evans,353 United Rubber Workers, 2 United Airlines Strike of 1985, 108 United States. See different aspects of United Artists Communications, Inc., American labor law 300 United States Can Co. v. NLRB, 330 United Ass’n, Local 342 v. Valley Eng’rs, United States Civil Service Commission v. 292 National Association of Letter Carriers, United Auto Workers, 2, 37, 179. See 344 also UAW United States Dept. of the Navy v. Federal United Auto Workers v. Johnson Controls, Labor Relations Authority,257 214 United States Gypsum Co.,260 United Auto Workers-Congress of United States Postal Service, 315, 318, Industrial Organizations (UAW- 322, 338 CIO), 71 United States Postal Service Board of United Brotherhood of Carpenters, 5 Governors v. Aikens,352 United Brotherhood of Carpenters and United States Postal Service Marina Joiners Local Union 953 v. Mar-Len of Mail,268 Louisiana, Inc.,291 United States Testing Co. v. NLRB, United Cable Television Corp.,297 318

415 Index United States v. Congress of Industrial Universidad Central de Bayamon v. Organizations, 341 NLRB, 252 United States v. Darby,241 University Medical Center, 296 United States v. Emmons, 266 The University of Chicago,253 United States v. Hutcheson,25–26 University of Great Falls v. NLRB,252 United States v. International Unlawful conspiracies, 9, 11 Brotherhood of Teamsters,266 Unlawful objectives test, 20 United States v. Int’l Longshoremen’s Unprotected activities, 99, 101, 103 Association, 302 Unskilled workers, 43 United States v. National Treasury U.S. Airways, Inc. v. Barnett,361 Employees Union, 296 U.S. Chamber of Commerce v. New Jersey, United States v. Pacific Maritime 306 Association, 302–303 Usery, William J., 148 United States v. Paradise, 364 USF Red Star, Inc.,282 United States v. PATCO, 347 U.S. Marine Corp. v. NLRB,330 United States v. Portland Longshoremen’s U.S. Postal Service v. American Postal Benevolent Society, 302 Workers Union, AFL-CIO,327 United States v. Teamsters, 341 U.S. Steel Corp. v. NLRB,259 United States v. Thorodarson,266 United States v. Trucking Employers, Vacation law, statutory, 28, 117 Inc.,364 Vaca v. Sipes, 160, 170, 334 United Steelworkers, 341 Valid complaint, 179 United Steelworkers Local 571 v. NLRB, Vantran Electric Corp.,293 319 Vegelahn v. Gunter,239 United Steelworkers of America, 2, Verizon Information Systems, 292 179 Vicarious responsibility doctrine, 21– United Steelworkers of America Local 22 14534 v. NLRB, 309, 319 Vicksburg Firefighters Assn. v. City of United Steelworkers of America v. Vicksburg, Mississippi,345 Enterprise Wheel and Car Corp., 327 Vico Products Co., in re,315 United Steelworkers of America v. Lorain, Vincent Industrial Plastics v. NLRB, 328 288 United Steelworkers of America v. Vincent’s Steak House, 282 Rawson, 246, 370 Violence, 23, 33 United Steelworkers of America v. Weber, Visiting Nurse Services v. NLRB,311 364 Vitullo v. International Association of United Steelworkers v. Enterprise Wheel & Electrical Workers, 339 Car Corp., 243, 325 Vizcaino v. Microsoft Corp., 250 United Steelworkers v. Sadlowski,174, Vogelv.CityofCincinnati,350 338 ‘‘Voluntariness,’’ 211 United Steelworkers v. United States, Voluntary conciliation, 161 302 Voluntary unincorporated United Steelworkers v. Warrior & Gulf associations at common law, 32, Navigation Co., 243, 325 150 United Technologies Corporation,330 Volunteers of America, Los Angeles v. Universal Camera Corp. v. NLRB,271 NLRB, 251

416 Index Volunteers of America-Minnesota Bar Weigand, Walter, 68–69, 100 None Boys Ranch v. NLRB,251 Weiner v. Cuyahoga Community College Vons Grocery Company, 263 District,364 Vorbeck v. McNeal,345 Weiner v. McGraw-Hill, Inc.,366 Voting, 38 Welfare legislation, 6, 162–166 duty of fair representation, 178–180 Wells Fargo Armored Service Corporation, establishing collective bargaining 253 relationship, 81–82, 92, 96 West Coast Sheet Metal, Inc. v. NLRB, National Labor Relations Act, 43, 46 312 remedies and the Labor Reform Bill Western Air Lines, Inc. v. Criswell,352 of 1978, 133–134 Western Pennsylvania Socialist Workers unfair labor practices, 57 1982 Campaign v. Connecticut Vulgar talk, as unprotected conduct, General Life Insurance Co.,278 101 Westinghouse Electric Corp., 372 Wheeling Pittsburgh Steel Corp. v. United Wage differentials, 127, 213 Steelworkers of America,309 Wage drift, 234 Whipsawing, 110–111 Wage negotiations, 83, 134, 137 Whirlpool Corp. v. Marshall, 349 Wage scale, union, 16 ‘‘Whistle-blowers,’’ 229 Wagner Act of 1935, 29, 31, 98, 113, White, Byron, 70, 88, 109, 161, 163, 141. See also National Labor 171, 175, 186–187 Relations Act White Cap, Inc.,317 Wagner, Robert, 29 White-collar workers, reclassification Wald, Patricia, 92 of, 27–28 Walsh-Healy Act, 28 Wieder v. Skala,366 Wards Cove Packing v. Antonio,204 Wiese Plow Welding Co., Inc.,272 War Labor Board, 141 W/I Forest Products Co.,372 Warnings to customers, 17 Wildcat strikes, 158 Warrior and Gulf Navigation Co.,326 Wiley v. Livingston, 159–160 Warshawsky & Company, 284 Wilhelm v. West Virginia Lottery,368 Washington Gas Light Company,318 Willamette Industries, Inc.,258–259 Washington v. Davis, 351 Willamette Tug and Barge Co., 314 Washington v. Lake County, Illinois, ‘‘Willful’’ violation, 220 352 William E. Arnold Co. v. Carpenters Watchtower Bible & Tract Society of New District Council,329 York, Inc., v. Village of Stratton,279 Williamson, Carrie, ix Waterbury Hospital v. NLRB,305 Williams v. International Typographical Watkins v. United States Army,360 Union, 339 Watson v. Michigan Industrial Holdings, William v. Thornburg, 371 Inc., 317 Williams v. Watkins Motor Lines, Inc., Weather Tamer v. NLRB,259 246 Webco Industries, Inc. v. NLRB, 274 Willingham v. Macon Telegraph Webcor Packaging, Inc.,263 Publishing Co., 355 Weber case, 222 Wilson, Pete, xiii, 215 Weeks v. Southern Bell Tel. & Tel. Co., Wilson, Woodrow, 15 351 Wilson v. NLRB,266

417 Index Windward Shipping (London) Limited, et Yellow Freight Systems v. Donnelly, 353 al., v. American Radio Association, Yielding, of property rights, 73–74, AFL-CIO, et al.,247 77 Winett-Simmonds Engineers, Inc., 255– Youngtown Sheet and Tube Co. v. 256 Sawyer,302 Wirtz v. Hotel, Motel, and Club Ysleta Federation of Teachers v. Ysleta Employees Union, Local 6, 341 Independent School District,346 Wisconsin Department of Industry, Labor Yukon-Kuskokwim Health Corporation, and Human Relations v. Gould, Inc., 248 246, 307 Woelke & Romero Framing, Inc. v. Zamboni v. Stamler,367 NLRB,85 Zimmerman, Don, 72, 290 Woodland Clinic,275 Zipper clause, 124–125 Woodland v. Michigan Citizens Lobby, 278 Woolley v. Hoffman-La Roche, Inc.,365– 366, 369 Worcester Manufacturing Inc., 330 Workers’ compensation, 137 Work hours/shifts, 117 Working conditions, 58, 83 ‘‘Working hours/working time,’’ 71– 72, 79 Work release employees, 42 Works councils, 4 Work stoppage, 19 World War II, 3, 141 WPIX, Inc. v. NLRB,274 W.R. Grace & Company v. Local Union 759, 327 Wright Line,69 Wright v. Universal Maritime Service Corp.,165 Writ of a certiorari, 62 Wrongful discharge, 187 actions, 109, 164 common law of, 197 public-interest labor law, 225–229 Wyandotte Savings Bank,254 Wygant v. Jackson Board of Education, 222 Wyman-Gordon Co.,257

Yakima apples, 86–87 YellowBusLines,Inc.v.Drivers, Chauffeurs,266 ‘‘Yellow dog’’ contract, 24

418 Index