DOCSLIB.ORG

AAP (Apollo Applications Program)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
AAP (Apollo Applications Program) Index AAP (Apollo Applications Program), 118, 255; exposure, 323, 418n.21; relative, 134, 163-65,173-77,239,266, 17,47,86,90-93,99-IOO,334·See 403nn·34,35 also Crater ages; Crater counts; Abbey, George, 279 Geochronology; Maria; Stratigraphic Abelson, Philip, 379n.60, 381-82n.19 sequences Abulfeda chain, 286 Agglutinates, 342 ACIC (Air Force Chart and Information Agnew, Spiro, 240, 4I4n.14 Center), 37, 42, 43, 52, 56, J09, 156, Air force, 31,32,33. See also ACIC; AFCRL 167, 374-75n.16, 428-29n.24. Seealso Albedo, 2, 70-71, 342-43, 402-3n.32; as LAC age indicator, 88, 91-93, 285, 334, Adams,]ohn, 178, 405n.7, 426n.49 342; of blocks, 147; of craters, 147, Ad Hoc Apollo Site Evaluation 342; mare-terra contrast in, 2, 36, 342; Committee, 284, 3 I I of maria and plains, 87-88, 334-35; of Adler, Isidore, 261, 393n.I6 Moon, 206; of rays, 91, 92-93,342; of Aeon, defined, 5, 369-70n.7 slopes, 91, 92-93,147,342 Aeronutronic Division (cameras and Albritton, Claude, 13,39 capsules), 82, 96, 387n.9 Aldrin, Buzz, 78,122-23, 188; as Apollo AES (Apollo Extension System), I 16-18 II LMP, 182, 188, 199-206,208,222; AFCRL (Air Force Cambridge Research other assignments, 130, 182, 184 Laboratories), 26, 33, 68, 88 Allen, Harvey Julian, 48 Agena (rocket), 150-51 AlIen,]oseph, 264, 268, 271, 273, 274, Ages, 5, 345; absolute, 47-48, 208-21 I, 275,277,278 255-56,280-82,329,334-35, AlIenby, Richard, 114, 405n.13 41 In.28, 4I7n.17; absolute versus Alpha-particle spectrometer (orbital), relative, 5, 28, 100,3°7,334; bedrock 261 versus soil, 2 I I, 245, 345; Alpha scatterer (Surveyor), 142-45, 147­ crystallization versus emplacement, 48, 287 Index Alphonsus (telescopic crater), 17,30, Apollos 2-6, 179-80, 397n.35 105-8, 116, 143, 168,224,34°; as Apollo 7,181-82,189,337 landing site, 175,285-86,312,313­ Apollo 8,140,181-88,189,1 91, 192, 14 199,336 ALSE P (Apollo Lunar Surface Experiment Apollo 9, 189, 191, 407n·42 Package), lIS, 213, 218-20, 308, 309, Apollo 10, 189, 191-92, 199,215,310 313,364-65, 393n.17; for Apollos 14­ Apollo II, 198-212,213,217,218,220, 17,241,250,274,294-95,319-20; 221,222,336,338, 345; landing site, networks, 229, 247, 267, 283, 286, 93, I4~ 189- 92, 198,200-2°5, 214, 419n.I2; shutdown of, 346 308 (see alsoTranquillity base) Alter, Dinsmore, 30, l0S, 168 Apollo 12,195,2°9,213-29,234,241, Altimeter, laser, 261,341 268; influence of, 236, 245, 25I, 286, Alvarez, Luis and Walter, 347, 428n.20 311,338; landing site, 93,140, 213­ Ames Research Center, 3 I, 68, 190, 219- 17,227-29, 231, 342,344-45, 412n.8 20,257,3°5,316,349; cratering Apollo 13, 23°-36, 238-41,274,293, experiments, 48, 158, 168, 39rn.50 336; landing site (intended), 224, 230­ MvlS (Army Map Service), 33,156,167, 31,236; repercussions of, 241, 243, 428-29n.24 246,262,285,311 Analogues, terrestrial, 4, 66, 1°3-4, 169, Apollo 14, 116,246-59,263,311,346, 284, 3°3 417nn.7, II; landing site, 160,246-49, Anders, Edward, 408n.62 285 Anders, William, 182, 184-88, 331 Apollo IS, 1I7 ,24 3 ,265-83,333,34~ Anderson,Charles, 43, 122 347; as H mission, 242, 262, 265; Anderson, Kinsey, 343 influence of, 54, 313, 338, 340; landing Andersson, Leif, 3nn·46 site, 165, 265- 67, 27° - 71, 285 Anorthosite, 211,267-68, 329, 415n.30; Apollo 16, 117, 169,243,284-3°8,333; orbital detection of, 262, 282; samples influence of, 305, 341; landing site, of, 211, 244, 276, 282, 293, 307 284-88,310-11 Anorthositic gabbro, 147, 21 I Apollo 17, 117,243, 3°9-35,338,342, ANT (anorthosite-norite-troctolite) suite, 425n.26; landing site, 165, 175,263, 243- 44, 293, 426n·38 286, 310- 15 Antipodes, 343, 427-28n.I3 Apollo 18, 239, 243, 285, 310, 327, 337 Apennine Bench (feature and formation), Apollo 19,239,242, 285, 337 74-75,91,281,341 Apollo 20, 239, 265,337 Apennine-Hadley landing site, 265-67, Apollo landing sites, early: ALS I, 157, 270-80,285,313,419n.I2 189-92, 214, 407n.43; ALS 2, 19°-92, Apennine Mountains (Montes 198, 214, 407n.46, 408-9n.2 (see also Apenninus), 18, 19,54,66, 176,266­ Tranquill ity Base); ALS 3, 157, 190, 69, 271, 281 191, 214, 402n.29, 408-9n.2; ALS 4, Apenninian Series, 64, 89, 385-86n·74 19°, 214-15; ALS 5,190, 214-15, Apogee, defined, 29 408-9n.2; ALS 6, 214- 15, 41 In.5 ; ALS Apollo I fire, 135-36, 179,232,239, 7, 215-17; A-3, 154-55, 157, 165, 397nn·35,36 190, 40rn.I5; ellipses, 156, 166; Index 449 redesignated and relocated, 2I4, 249, Ashflow tuff, 65, 66, 98, 102-4, 112, 129, 41rn.a; selection process, 69-72, 92­ 190, 289 93, II2, II8-20, 164, 166, 189-92, ASPO (Apollo Spacecraft Program Office), 213-17, 393-94n.24, 408-9n.2; set A, 239,287,3I6,3I8,414n.I2 161; set B, 166 ASSB (Apollo Site Selection Board), I 12, Apollo Lunar Exploration Office, 178, 179,215-17; decisions by, 231, 247, 237 267,288,312,314; membership of, Apollo program, 49-50, 380n.75; cost of, 392n·7,408-9n.2 345-46; directors, 217, 4I4n.I2; early Astroblemes, 39, 52, 175, 376n·36 Apollo, defined, II6; field centers, 152; Astrogeologic Studies (USGS group, mission types (alphabetical series), 180, branch, and branch subdivision), 46­ 181, 182, 189,41 r n.z; objectives of, 48,5I-52,8I,I74,349,387n.8 49-5°,116,133-34,172-73,182, Astrogeology (USGS branch) , 46-48, 52, 366; termination of, xii, 335-38, 355; 76,122,131-32,174,349-5°,414• and unmanned programs, 50, 72, 94­ I5n.I7; chiefs of, 350; in Flagstaff, 96, 101, 105, 134, 152-53,344-46. 57-58,71,73,81-85,194,227; in See also AAP; AES; ASPO; ASSB Houston, 76-8I; in Menlo Park, 5I, Apollo-Soyuz, 232, 239, 315, 386-87n.5, 57-60,81,84-85,126,194,241-42, 424n.I8 35 I; in Washington, 44, 46. See also Apollo zone, 101, 118-20, 153-55, 157, SPE 158,247, 393-94n.24; for AAP, 163 Astronautical-astronomical conventions, Apolune (apoapsis, apocynthian), defined, 51 396n.22. See alsoOrbits Astronauts: backup crews, 188-89, 2I5, Archimedes (telescopic crater), 17,53­ 232; character of, 122-23; as 54,73-74,9°-91,281, 38In.I3, 385­ geologists, 76, 223, 225, 238-39, 254, 86n·74 262-63,3°2,325,346; Mercury­ Archimedian Series, 385-86n.74 Gemini-Apollo grouping, 76, 78, 114, Aristarchus (telescopic crater), 73, 143, 232, 386n.4, 406-7n.38; selection as 164, 175 astronauts, 78, 81,113-14,134; Aristarchus Plateau, 90, 98, 130, 143, selection for crews, 188-89,215,231­ 165, 388n.29 32,246,3°9-10; support crews, 188­ Aristillus (telescopic crater), 41, 275, 280 89,215, 407n.39. SeealsoCapcom; Aristoteles (telescopic crater), 121 Geology training; Mission scientists ; Armalcolite, 2I° Scientist-astronauts Armstrong, Neil, 79, 121, 188; as Apollo Astronomy, x, 3, 22-23, 57, 67, 119, 128, I I commander, 199-2°4,206-8,222, 185, 373n·55; amateur, 25, 105, 185; 409n.5 ; other assignments, 184, 262 conference groups, I 15, 39 rn·49 Army, 29, 31, 32, 36; Corps of Engineers, Atlas (rocket), I I I, 137, 145, 150 34,38,92. See also AI\'lS Atlases: Air Force, 25-26,32-33, 43, Arnold ,]ames, 35, 94-96, 115,261, 108-9, 377nn.44, 45, 38 In.6, 403n·42; 40Sn. I 3 Apollo, 407n .54; Lunar Orbiter, Arthur, David (Dai), 25-26, 33, 43, 52, 403n.42; Ranger, 106, 389n.I5; 347, 373n.60 Surveyor, 398n.12 45° Index Atmosphere, lunar, 205, 220, 222; Basaltic achondrites, 148 experiment groups, 114-15, 405n.I3 Base surge, 184 Autolycus (telescopic crater), 36,275,280 Basin-mare distinction, 2-3,9, 14, 28, 39,52-54,I95,338,394n.29 Baby Ray (Apollo 16 crater), 299 Basins (multiringed, ringed), 2, 53-54, "Back rooms." SeeScience operations 131,387n.I3; ejecta of, 9, 15,62-64, (support) rooms 85,87,169-7°,291-92; importance Backup crews, 188-89,215,232 of, 87,169-7°,195-96,3°8,339; Backup sites, 159, 189-9°,214,216-17, radial structures of, 9-10, 19,41,53­ 229,408-9n.2 54,62-63,120-21, 383n.35; rings of, Bailey, Norman (Red), 27I 2,52-53,85, 195,344, 38 rn.6, Baldwin, Ralph, xii, 12, 14-I9, 22, 27, 383n.4I; secondary craters of, 62-63. 28, 39, l0S, I I 2, 168, 338, 346; basin I2I,I69-70,I95,343,408n.68.See studies, 53-54, 63, 85, 344; cataclysm also individualbasins: Crisium; concept, 334; cratering concepts, 15­ Humorum; Imbrium; Nectaris; 17,45,61,347,349, 37 In. I9, 376n·39, Orientale; Procellarum; Serenitatis; 380n.74, 391n-48; influence of, 16, 19, South Pole-Aitken; Southeast 2I,55,6I,98,I5I,I6I,26I,372n·40, Bassett, Charles, 123, 386n '4 39rn.44; and lunar grid, 90; mare Batson, Raymond, 81, 141,238,321,348, concepts, 17-18,99,210; mascon 428-29n.24 concept, 171,324,339; and Moon's Bean,AJan,2I5,2I7-I8,22I-26,4I2n·9 composition, 128; and sculpture, IS, Beattie, Donald, II5, 164, 178, 269, 295, 41,85,121; and surficial material, 67­ 405n·7 68 Bedrock: burial of, 67-68, 97-98, 106-7, Bales, Stephen, 199-200 I09, 146-47, 158,225; outcrops of, Ballistic Missile Agency, 36 278,347 Barrell,joseph, 12-13, 129, 168 Bell, P.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Template for Two-Page Abstracts in Word 97 (PC)
    GEOLOGIC MAPPING OF THE LUNAR SOUTH POLE QUADRANGLE (LQ-30). S.C. Mest1,2, D.C. Ber- man1, and N.E. Petro2, 1Planetary Science Institute, 1700 E. Ft. Lowell, Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719-2395 ([email protected]); 2Planetary Geodynamics Laboratory, Code 698, NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771. Introduction: In this study we use recent image, the surface [7]. Impact craters display morphologies spectral and topographic data to map the geology of the ranging from simple to complex [7-9,24] and most lunar South Pole quadrangle (LQ-30) at 1:2.5M scale contain floor deposits distinct from surrounding mate- [1-7]. The overall objective of this research is to con- rials. Most of these deposits likely consist of impact strain the geologic evolution of LQ-30 (60°-90°S, 0°- melt; however, some deposits, especially on the floors ±180°) with specific emphasis on evaluation of a) the of the larger craters and basins (e.g., Antoniadi), ex- regional effects of impact basin formation, and b) the hibit low albedo and smooth surfaces and may contain spatial distribution of ejecta, in particular resulting mare. Higher albedo deposits tend to contain a higher from formation of the South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin density of superposed impact craters. and other large basins. Key scientific objectives in- Antoniadi Crater. Antoniadi crater (D=150 km; clude: 1) Determining the geologic history of LQ-30 69.5°S, 172°W) is unique for several reasons. First, and examining the spatial and temporal variability of Antoniadi is the only lunar crater that contains both a geologic processes within the map area.
    [Show full text]
  • USGS Open-File Report 2005-1190, Table 1
    TABLE 1 GEOLOGIC FIELD-TRAINING OF NASA ASTRONAUTS BETWEEN JANUARY 1963 AND NOVEMBER 1972 The following is a year-by-year listing of the astronaut geologic field training trips planned and led by personnel from the U.S. Geological Survey’s Branches of Astrogeology and Surface Planetary Exploration, in collaboration with the Geology Group at the Manned Spacecraft Center, Houston, Texas at the request of NASA between January 1963 and November 1972. Regional geologic experts from the U.S. Geological Survey and other governmental organizations and universities s also played vital roles in these exercises. [The early training (between 1963 and 1967) involved a rather large contingent of astronauts from NASA groups 1, 2, and 3. For another listing of the astronaut geologic training trips and exercises, including all attending and the general purposed of the exercise, the reader is referred to the following website containing a contribution by William Phinney (Phinney, book submitted to NASA/JSC; also http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/alsj/ap-geotrips.pdf).] 1963 16-18 January 1963: Meteor Crater and San Francisco Volcanic Field near Flagstaff, Arizona (9 astronauts). Among the nine astronaut trainees in Flagstaff for that initial astronaut geologic training exercise was Neil Armstrong--who would become the first man to step foot on the Moon during the historic Apollo 11 mission in July 1969! The other astronauts present included Frank Borman (Apollo 8), Charles "Pete" Conrad (Apollo 12), James Lovell (Apollo 8 and the near-tragic Apollo 13), James McDivitt, Elliot See (killed later in a plane crash), Thomas Stafford (Apollo 10), Edward White (later killed in the tragic Apollo 1 fire at Cape Canaveral), and John Young (Apollo 16).
    [Show full text]
  • No. 40. the System of Lunar Craters, Quadrant Ii Alice P
    NO. 40. THE SYSTEM OF LUNAR CRATERS, QUADRANT II by D. W. G. ARTHUR, ALICE P. AGNIERAY, RUTH A. HORVATH ,tl l C.A. WOOD AND C. R. CHAPMAN \_9 (_ /_) March 14, 1964 ABSTRACT The designation, diameter, position, central-peak information, and state of completeness arc listed for each discernible crater in the second lunar quadrant with a diameter exceeding 3.5 km. The catalog contains more than 2,000 items and is illustrated by a map in 11 sections. his Communication is the second part of The However, since we also have suppressed many Greek System of Lunar Craters, which is a catalog in letters used by these authorities, there was need for four parts of all craters recognizable with reasonable some care in the incorporation of new letters to certainty on photographs and having diameters avoid confusion. Accordingly, the Greek letters greater than 3.5 kilometers. Thus it is a continua- added by us are always different from those that tion of Comm. LPL No. 30 of September 1963. The have been suppressed. Observers who wish may use format is the same except for some minor changes the omitted symbols of Blagg and Miiller without to improve clarity and legibility. The information in fear of ambiguity. the text of Comm. LPL No. 30 therefore applies to The photographic coverage of the second quad- this Communication also. rant is by no means uniform in quality, and certain Some of the minor changes mentioned above phases are not well represented. Thus for small cra- have been introduced because of the particular ters in certain longitudes there are no good determi- nature of the second lunar quadrant, most of which nations of the diameters, and our values are little is covered by the dark areas Mare Imbrium and better than rough estimates.
    [Show full text]
  • Glossary Glossary
    Glossary Glossary Albedo A measure of an object’s reflectivity. A pure white reflecting surface has an albedo of 1.0 (100%). A pitch-black, nonreflecting surface has an albedo of 0.0. The Moon is a fairly dark object with a combined albedo of 0.07 (reflecting 7% of the sunlight that falls upon it). The albedo range of the lunar maria is between 0.05 and 0.08. The brighter highlands have an albedo range from 0.09 to 0.15. Anorthosite Rocks rich in the mineral feldspar, making up much of the Moon’s bright highland regions. Aperture The diameter of a telescope’s objective lens or primary mirror. Apogee The point in the Moon’s orbit where it is furthest from the Earth. At apogee, the Moon can reach a maximum distance of 406,700 km from the Earth. Apollo The manned lunar program of the United States. Between July 1969 and December 1972, six Apollo missions landed on the Moon, allowing a total of 12 astronauts to explore its surface. Asteroid A minor planet. A large solid body of rock in orbit around the Sun. Banded crater A crater that displays dusky linear tracts on its inner walls and/or floor. 250 Basalt A dark, fine-grained volcanic rock, low in silicon, with a low viscosity. Basaltic material fills many of the Moon’s major basins, especially on the near side. Glossary Basin A very large circular impact structure (usually comprising multiple concentric rings) that usually displays some degree of flooding with lava. The largest and most conspicuous lava- flooded basins on the Moon are found on the near side, and most are filled to their outer edges with mare basalts.
    [Show full text]
  • Evidence for Thermal-Stress-Induced Rockfalls on Mars Impact Crater Slopes
    Icarus 342 (2020) 113503 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Icarus journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/icarus Evidence for thermal-stress-induced rockfalls on Mars impact crater slopes P.-A. Tesson a,b,*, S.J. Conway b, N. Mangold b, J. Ciazela a, S.R. Lewis c, D. M�ege a a Space Research Centre, Polish Academy of Science, Wrocław, Poland b Laboratoire de Plan�etologie et G�eodynamique UMR 6112, CNRS, Nantes, France c School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Here we study rocks falling from exposed outcrops of bedrock, which have left tracks on the slope over which Mars, surface they have bounced and/or rolled, in fresh impact craters (1–10 km in diameter) on Mars. The presence of these Thermal stress tracks shows that these rocks have fallen relatively recently because aeolian processes are known to infill Ices topographic lows over time. Mapping of rockfall tracks indicate trends in frequency with orientation, which in Solar radiation � � turn depend on the latitudinal position of the crater. Craters in the equatorial belt (between 15 N and 15 S) Weathering exhibit higher frequencies of rockfall on their north-south oriented slopes compared to their east-west ones. � Craters >15 N/S have notably higher frequencies on their equator-facing slopes as opposed to the other ori­ entations. We computed solar radiation on the surface of crater slopes to compare insolation patterns with the spatial distribution of rockfalls, and found statistically significant correlations between maximum diurnal inso­ lation and rockfall frequency.
    [Show full text]
  • Feature of the Month – January 2016 Galilaei
    A PUBLICATION OF THE LUNAR SECTION OF THE A.L.P.O. EDITED BY: Wayne Bailey [email protected] 17 Autumn Lane, Sewell, NJ 08080 RECENT BACK ISSUES: http://moon.scopesandscapes.com/tlo_back.html FEATURE OF THE MONTH – JANUARY 2016 GALILAEI Sketch and text by Robert H. Hays, Jr. - Worth, Illinois, USA October 26, 2015 03:32-03:58 UT, 15 cm refl, 170x, seeing 8-9/10 I sketched this crater and vicinity on the evening of Oct. 25/26, 2015 after the moon hid ZC 109. This was about 32 hours before full. Galilaei is a modest but very crisp crater in far western Oceanus Procellarum. It appears very symmetrical, but there is a faint strip of shadow protruding from its southern end. Galilaei A is the very similar but smaller crater north of Galilaei. The bright spot to the south is labeled Galilaei D on the Lunar Quadrant map. A tiny bit of shadow was glimpsed in this spot indicating a craterlet. Two more moderately bright spots are east of Galilaei. The western one of this pair showed a bit of shadow, much like Galilaei D, but the other one did not. Galilaei B is the shadow-filled crater to the west. This shadowing gave this crater a ring shape. This ring was thicker on its west side. Galilaei H is the small pit just west of B. A wide, low ridge extends to the southwest from Galilaei B, and a crisper peak is south of H. Galilaei B must be more recent than its attendant ridge since the crater's exterior shadow falls upon the ridge.
    [Show full text]
  • A Mercury Astronaut, Spacewalker and Rookie 25 January 2017, by Marcia Dunn
    Apollo 1's crew: a Mercury astronaut, spacewalker and rookie 25 January 2017, by Marcia Dunn Mercury capsule, the Liberty Bell 7. The hatch to the capsule prematurely blew off at splashdown on July 21, 1961. Grissom was pulled to safety, but his spacecraft sank. Next came Gemini. NASA assigned Grissom as commander of the first Gemini flight in 1965, and he good-naturedly picked Molly Brown as the name of the spacecraft after the Broadway musical "The Unsinkable Molly Brown." He was an Air Force test pilot before becoming an astronaut and his two sons ended up in aviation. Scott retired several years ago as a FedEx pilot, while younger Mark is an air traffic controller in Oklahoma. Their mother, Betty, still lives in Houston. This undated photo made available by NASA shows the Apollo 1 crew, from left, Edward H. White II, Virgil I. "Gus" Grissom, and Roger B. Chaffee. On Jan. 27, Scott recalls how his father loved hunting, fishing, 1967, a flash fire erupted inside their capsule during a skiing and racing boats and cars. "To young boys, countdown rehearsal, with the astronauts atop the rocket all that stuff is golden," he says. at Cape Canaveral's Launch Complex 34. All three were killed. (NASA via AP) ___ EDWARD WHITE II The three astronauts killed 50 years ago in the first White, 36, made history in 1965 as America's first U.S. space tragedy represented NASA's finest: the spacewalker. second American to fly in space, the first U.S. spacewalker and the trusted rookie.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploration of the Moon
    Exploration of the Moon The physical exploration of the Moon began when Luna 2, a space probe launched by the Soviet Union, made an impact on the surface of the Moon on September 14, 1959. Prior to that the only available means of exploration had been observation from Earth. The invention of the optical telescope brought about the first leap in the quality of lunar observations. Galileo Galilei is generally credited as the first person to use a telescope for astronomical purposes; having made his own telescope in 1609, the mountains and craters on the lunar surface were among his first observations using it. NASA's Apollo program was the first, and to date only, mission to successfully land humans on the Moon, which it did six times. The first landing took place in 1969, when astronauts placed scientific instruments and returnedlunar samples to Earth. Apollo 12 Lunar Module Intrepid prepares to descend towards the surface of the Moon. NASA photo. Contents Early history Space race Recent exploration Plans Past and future lunar missions See also References External links Early history The ancient Greek philosopher Anaxagoras (d. 428 BC) reasoned that the Sun and Moon were both giant spherical rocks, and that the latter reflected the light of the former. His non-religious view of the heavens was one cause for his imprisonment and eventual exile.[1] In his little book On the Face in the Moon's Orb, Plutarch suggested that the Moon had deep recesses in which the light of the Sun did not reach and that the spots are nothing but the shadows of rivers or deep chasms.
    [Show full text]
  • Sky and Telescope
    SkyandTelescope.com The Lunar 100 By Charles A. Wood Just about every telescope user is familiar with French comet hunter Charles Messier's catalog of fuzzy objects. Messier's 18th-century listing of 109 galaxies, clusters, and nebulae contains some of the largest, brightest, and most visually interesting deep-sky treasures visible from the Northern Hemisphere. Little wonder that observing all the M objects is regarded as a virtual rite of passage for amateur astronomers. But the night sky offers an object that is larger, brighter, and more visually captivating than anything on Messier's list: the Moon. Yet many backyard astronomers never go beyond the astro-tourist stage to acquire the knowledge and understanding necessary to really appreciate what they're looking at, and how magnificent and amazing it truly is. Perhaps this is because after they identify a few of the Moon's most conspicuous features, many amateurs don't know where Many Lunar 100 selections are plainly visible in this image of the full Moon, while others require to look next. a more detailed view, different illumination, or favorable libration. North is up. S&T: Gary The Lunar 100 list is an attempt to provide Moon lovers with Seronik something akin to what deep-sky observers enjoy with the Messier catalog: a selection of telescopic sights to ignite interest and enhance understanding. Presented here is a selection of the Moon's 100 most interesting regions, craters, basins, mountains, rilles, and domes. I challenge observers to find and observe them all and, more important, to consider what each feature tells us about lunar and Earth history.
    [Show full text]
  • U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual, 2008
    U.S. Government Printing Offi ce Style Manual An official guide to the form and style of Federal Government printing 2008 PPreliminary-CD.inddreliminary-CD.indd i 33/4/09/4/09 110:18:040:18:04 AAMM Production and Distribution Notes Th is publication was typeset electronically using Helvetica and Minion Pro typefaces. It was printed using vegetable oil-based ink on recycled paper containing 30% post consumer waste. Th e GPO Style Manual will be distributed to libraries in the Federal Depository Library Program. To fi nd a depository library near you, please go to the Federal depository library directory at http://catalog.gpo.gov/fdlpdir/public.jsp. Th e electronic text of this publication is available for public use free of charge at http://www.gpoaccess.gov/stylemanual/index.html. Use of ISBN Prefi x Th is is the offi cial U.S. Government edition of this publication and is herein identifi ed to certify its authenticity. ISBN 978–0–16–081813–4 is for U.S. Government Printing Offi ce offi cial editions only. Th e Superintendent of Documents of the U.S. Government Printing Offi ce requests that any re- printed edition be labeled clearly as a copy of the authentic work, and that a new ISBN be assigned. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512-1800; DC area (202) 512-1800 Fax: (202) 512-2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402-0001 ISBN 978-0-16-081813-4 (CD) II PPreliminary-CD.inddreliminary-CD.indd iiii 33/4/09/4/09 110:18:050:18:05 AAMM THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE STYLE MANUAL IS PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION AND AUTHORITY OF THE PUBLIC PRINTER OF THE UNITED STATES Robert C.
    [Show full text]
  • Relative Ages
    CONTENTS Page Introduction ...................................................... 123 Stratigraphic nomenclature ........................................ 123 Superpositions ................................................... 125 Mare-crater relations .......................................... 125 Crater-crater relations .......................................... 127 Basin-crater relations .......................................... 127 Mapping conventions .......................................... 127 Crater dating .................................................... 129 General principles ............................................. 129 Size-frequency relations ........................................ 129 Morphology of large craters .................................... 129 Morphology of small craters, by Newell J. Fask .................. 131 D, method .................................................... 133 Summary ........................................................ 133 table 7.1). The first three of these sequences, which are older than INTRODUCTION the visible mare materials, are also dominated internally by the The goals of both terrestrial and lunar stratigraphy are to inte- deposits of basins. The fourth (youngest) sequence consists of mare grate geologic units into a stratigraphic column applicable over the and crater materials. This chapter explains the general methods of whole planet and to calibrate this column with absolute ages. The stratigraphic analysis that are employed in the next six chapters first step in reconstructing
    [Show full text]
  • 2017 Chicxulub Revealed
    THE UNIVERSITY TEXAS OF AUSTIN AT JACKSON• SCHOOL GEOSCIENCES OF 2017 NEWSLETTER• Newsletter2 017 Chicxulub Revealed A first look at rocks from the crater left by the asteroid that wiped out non-avian dinosaurs WELCOME Dear Alumni and Friends he devastation that Hurricane Harvey brought to Texas communities in August was a tragic reminder of how vital it is to understand our planet and T its processes. Shortly after the hurricane struck, our scientists, through our Rapid Response program, began to conduct research to understand how Harvey has impacted the coast and offshore Gulf of Mexico. This research will help determine the best ways to deal with many coastal issues in the aftermath of the storm, and how we might better prepare for such events in the future. You can read more about the mission on page 18. Rapid response efforts on the effects of abrupt, catastrophic geoscience events COVER: GRANITE FROM THE PEAK RING OF provide critical science that can benefit society. This is what we strive to do here at the THE CHICXULUB CRATER FORMED BY THE Jackson School of Geosciences. This year’s Newsletter holds some tremendous examples. ASTEROID STRIKE THAT WIPED OUT ALL NON- AVIAN DINOSAURS I’d like to draw your attention to the story on page 58 about the scientific coring mission led by Peter Flemings to bring back samples of methane hydrate from ABOVE: MEMBERS OF THE JACKSON beneath the Gulf of Mexico. This is a cutting-edge research project on a potential SCHOOL-LED TEAM CORING FOR SAMPLES OF METHANE HYDRATE IN THE GULF OF MEXICO future energy source that very few schools in the world would be able to mount.
    [Show full text]