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W O R K E R S O F A L L C O U N T R I E S, U N I T E ! From Marx to Mao M L © Digital Reprints 2006 RUSSIAN EDITION PUBLISHED BY DECISION OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF THE SOVIET UNION (BOLSHEVIKS) П pолеma puu вcex cm paн, coeдuняйmecь! ИНCTИTУT МАРKCА — ЭНГЕ ЛЬCА — ЛЕ НИНА пpи ЦK ВKП(б) n.b. CTAlnH СОчИНEНИя О Г И З ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ ИЗДАТЕЛЬСТВО ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ М o c к в a • 1 9 4 6 J. V. S TA L I N FROM MARX w o R k s TO MAO VOLUME ™ !()&_!(!# NOT FOR COMMERCIAL DISTRIBUTION E FOREIGN LANGUAGES PUBLISHING HOUSE M o s c o w • 1 9 5 3 C O N T E N T S FROM MARX TO MAO Page Preface .................. XI 1907 PREFACE TO THE GEORGIAN EDITION OF K. KAUT- SKY’S PAMPHLET THE DRIVING FORCES AND PROSPECTS OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION 1 THE ELECTION CAMPAIGN IN ST. PETERSBURG AND THE MENSHEVIKS . 14 THE AUTOCRACY OFNOT THE CADETS FOR OR THE SOVER- EIGNTY OF THE PEOPLE? . 21 THE PROLETARIAT IS FIGHTING, THE BOURGEOI- SIE IS CONCLUDINGCOMMERCIAL AN ALLIANCE WITH THE GOVERNMENT . 23 COMRADE G. TELIA. In Memoriam ....... 28 THE ADVANCEDDISTRIBUTION PROLETARIAT AND THE FIFTH PARTY CONGRESS . 33 MUDDLE . 36 OUR CAUCASIAN CLOWNS . 39 THE DISPERSION OF THE DUMA AND THE TASKS OF THE PROLETARIAT . 42 THE LONDON CONGRESS OF THE RUSSIAN SOCIAL- DEMOCRATIC LABOUR PARTY (Notes of a Dele- gate)................. 47 I. The Composition of the Congress . 49 II. The Agenda. Report of the Central Committee Report of the Group in the Duma . 53 III. The Non-Proletarian Parties . 61 IV. The Labour Congress . 70 VIII CONTENTS MANDATE TO THE SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC DEPUTIES IN THE THIRD STATE DUMA, Adopted at a Meeting of the Delegates of the Workers’ Curia in the City of Baku, September 22, 1907 ............ 81 BOYCOTT THE CONFERENCE! . 84 1908 BEFORE THE ELECTIONS . 90 MORE ABOUT A CONFERENCE WITH GUARANTEES 95 WHAT DO OUR RECENT STRIKES TELL US? . 101 THE CHANGE IN THE OIL OWNERS’ TACTICS . 105 WE MUST PREPARE! . 110 ECONOMIC TERRORISM AND THE LABOUR MOVE- MENT . 113 THE OIL OWNERS ON ECONOMIC TERRORISM .. 117 THE PRESS ................ 132 Flunkey “Socialists”. 132 Hypocritical Zubatovites . 134 1909 THE CONFERENCE AND THE WORKERS . 138 THE PARTY CRISIS AND OUR TASKS . 150 THE FORTHCOMING GENERAL STRIKE . 163 PARTY NEWS ............... 169 Resolution of the Baku Committee on the Disagree- ments on the Enlarged Editorial Board of Proletary 170 THE DECEMBER STRIKE AND THE DECEMBER AGREEMENT (On the Occasion of the Fifth Anniversary) 174 1910 LETTERS FROM THE CAUCASUS . 179 I. Baku . 179 The Situation in the Oil Industry . 179 Local Government in the Oil Fields . 182 The State of the Organisation . 186 “Legal Possibilities” . 188 CONTENTS IX II. Tiflis ................ 193 Programmatic Liquidationism . 194 Tactical Liquidationism . 198 RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED BY THE BAKU COMMITTEE ON JANUARY 22, 1910 (For the Forthcoming General Party Conference)............. 202 I. Political Agitation and the Actual Consolidation of the Party.............. 202 II. Representation at the Forthcoming General Party Conference . 204 AUGUST BEBEL, LEADER OF THE GERMAN WORKERS . 206 A LETTER TO THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE PARTY FROM EXILE IN SOLVYCHEGODSK . 215 1912 FOR THE PARTY!.............. 219 LONG LIVE THE FIRST OF MAY ! . 225 A NEW PERIOD . 231 LIBERAL HYPOCRITES . 233 NON-PARTY SIMPLETONS . 235 LIFE TRIUMPHS! . 238 THEY ARE WORKING WELL . 241 THE ICE HAS BROKEN! . 244 HOW THEY ARE PREPARING FOR THE ELECTIONS 246 DEDUCTIONS . 250 OUR AIMS . 255 MANDATE OF THE ST. PETERSBURG WORKERS TO THEIR LABOUR DEPUTY . 257 THE WILL OF THE VOTERS’ DELEGATES. 260 THE RESULTS OF THE ELECTIONS IN THE WORK- ERS’ CURIA OF ST. PETERSBURG ..... 263 1. The Election of the Voters’ Delegates . 263 2. The Election of Electors . 264 X CONTENTS 3. Two Unities . ............ 265 4. The Election of the Duma Deputy ..... 267 TODAY IS ELECTION DAY . 269 1913 TO ALL THE WORKING MEN AND WORKING WOMEN OF RUSSIA! January 9 . 273 THE ELECTIONS IN ST. PETERSBURG (A Letter From St. Petersburg).............. 279 I. The Workers’ Curia .......... 280 1. The Fight for Elections. 280 2. The Deputy’s Mandate . 282 3. Unity as a Mask, and the Election of the Duma Deputy . 285 II. The City Curia ............ 289 III. Summary .............. 292 ON THE ROAD TO NATIONALISM (A Letter From the Cau- casus)................. 295 MARXISM AND THE NATIONAL QUESTION . 300 I. The Nation ............. 303 II. The National Movement ......... 313 III. Presentation of the Question ....... 323 IV. Cultural-National Autonomy ........ 331 V. The Bund, Its Nationalism, Its Separatism . 344 VI. The Caucasians, the Conference of the Liqui- dators ............... 359 VII. The National Question in Russia . ..... 373 THE SITUATION IN THE SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC GROUP IN THE DUMA . 382 THE ANNIVERSARY OF THE LENA MASSACRE . 387 Notes .................. 391 Biographical Chronicle (1907 to March 1917) ..... 422 PREFACE Volume 2 of the Works of J. V. Stalin contains writings mainly of the period from the latter half of 1907 to 1913, prior to Comrade Stalin’s exile to the Turukhansk region, where he remained until February 1917. These works cover mainly two periods of Comrade Stalin’s revolutionary activities, the Baku period and the St. Petersburg period. The writings of the first half of 1907 deal with the tac- tics of the Bolsheviks during the first Russian revolution (“Preface to the Georgian Edition of K. Kautsky’s Pamphlet The Driving Forces and Prospects of the Russian Revolution,” the article “The Election Campaign in St. Petersburg and the Mensheviks,” and others). The arti- cles of this period were published in the Georgian Bol- shevik newspapers Chveni Tskhovreba and Dro. They ap- pear in Russian for the first time. The writings from June 1907 onwards—in the pe- riod of Comrade Stalin’s revolutionary activities main- ly in Baku—deal with the struggle the Bolsheviks waged against the Menshevik Liquidators for the preservation XII PREFACE and strengthening of the underground revolutionary Marx- ist Party (“The Party Crisis and Our Tasks,” “Resolu- tions Adopted by the Baku Committee on January 22, 1910,” “Letters From the Caucasus”). Questions concern- ing the leadership of the revolutionary labour move- ment and the trade unions are dealt with in the articles: “What Do Our Recent Strikes Tell Us?” “The Oil Owners on Economic Terrorism,” “The Conference and the Workers,” and others. An analysis of the Fifth Congress of the R.S.D.L.P. is presented in the article “The Lon- don Congress of the R.S.D.L.P. (Notes of a Delegate).” J. V. Stalin’s articles of this period included in Volume 2 were published in the newspapers Bakinsky Proletary, Gudok and Sotsial-Demokrat. The latter half of 1911 marked the beginning of the St. Petersburg period of Comrade Stalin’s revolu- tionary activities (1911-1913). As the head of the Russian Bureau of the Central Committee, Comrade Stalin direct- ed the work of the Party in Russia in carrying out the decisions of the Prague Conference of the Party. It was in this period that the works were written dealing mainly with the new revolutionary upsurge in the labour movement and with the tasks of the Bolshevik Party in connection with the elections to the Fourth State Duma. Among these are the leaflet “For the Party!”, the articles “A New Stage,” “They Are Working Well. .”, “The Ice Has Broken! . .”, “Mandate of the St. Petersburg Workers to Their Labour Deputy,” “The Will of the Voters’ Delegates,” “The Elections in St. Petersburg,” and others. These articles were published in the St. Petersburg newspapers Zvezda and Pravda. PREFACE XIII This volume includes J. V. Stalin’s well-known work Marxism and the National Question (1913), in which the Bolshevik theory and programme on the national question are developed. The article “On Cultural-National Autonomy,” which Comrade Stalin wrote during his exile in Turukhansk region, and a number of other works, have not yet been discovered. Marx-Engels-Lenin Institute of the C.C., C.P.S.U.(B.) !()&_!(!# PREFACE TO THE GEORGIAN EDITION OF K. KAUTSKY’S PAMPHLET THE DRIVING FORCES AND PROSPECTS OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION 1 Karl Kautsky’s name is not new to us. He has long been known as an outstanding theoretician of Social- Democracy. But Kautsky is known not only from that aspect; he is notable also as a thorough and thoughtful in- vestigator of tactical problems. In this respect he has won great authority not only among the European comrades, but also among us. That is not surprising: today, when disagreements on tactics are splitting Russian Social- Democracy into two groups, when mutual criticism often aggravates the situation by passing into recrimination and it becomes extremely difficult to ascertain the truth, it is very interesting to hear what an unbiassed and experienced comrade like K. Kautsky has to say. That is why our comrades have set to work so zealously to study Kautsky’s articles on tactics: “The State Duma,” “The Moscow Insurrection,” “The Agrarian Question,” “The Russian Peasantry and the Revolution,” “The Anti-Jewish Po- groms in Russia,” and others. But the present pamphlet has engaged the attention of the comrades far more than those works, and that is because it touches upon all the main questions that divide Social-Democracy into two groups. It appears that Plekhanov, who recently sought 2 J. V. S T A L I N the advice of foreign comrades to clear up our burning problems, submitted these problems also to Kautsky with a request to answer them. As is evident from what Kautsky says, the present pamphlet is an answer to that request. After that, it was, of course, natural that the comrades should pay greater attention to the pamphlet.
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