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Jurnal Pertahanan ISSN : 2087-9415 Media Informasi tentang Kajian dan Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity, Nasionalism & Integrity Vol. 2 | No. 3

Effectiveness of Socialization Act No. 24/2007 on Disaster Management

Lasmono* Yusnaldi H.** Herlina JR. Saragih*** *Universitas Pertahanan Indonesia **Universitas Pertahanan Indonesia ***Universitas Pertahanan Indonesia

Article Info Abstract Keywords: This research aims to determine how effective the Effectiveness of socialization, implementation of Act. No. 24/2007, especially in Act of Disaster Management. Bojong Gede Subdistrict, Bogor Regency. This study uses a qualitative method with case study approach and data analysis model of Miles and Huberman. The results obtained are disaster management system of flood in Bogor refers to Act No. 24/2007. Effectiveness of socialization Disaster Management in Bogor Regency is not maximized due to constraints on the

budget and personnel. Efforts have been made Bogor

Regency Government towards the implementation Act No 24/2007 to establish a disaster “resilient village” in Bogor Regency phased annually. Corresponding Author: [email protected] Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat sejauh mana efektifitas penerapan Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2007 khususnya di Kecamatan Bojong Gede

Kabupaten Bogor. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan model analisis data Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah Sistem Penanggulangan bencana banjir di Kabupaten

Bogor mengacu pada Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2007. Efektifitas sosisalisasi Penanggulangan Bencana di Kabupaten Bogor belum maksimal karena terkendala pada anggaran dan personil. Upaya yang

Jurnal Pertahanan telah dilakukan Pemerintah Kabupaten Bogor terhadap Volume 2 Nomor 3 penerapan Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2007 September-December 2016 adalah dengan upaya pembentukan desa tangguh ISSN 2087-9415 pp. 229-242 bencana yang dilakukan secara bertahap setiap ©2016 JP. All rights reserved. tahunnya di Kabupaten Bogor.

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Introduction about Funding and Disaster

Disaster is a situation Management Assistance, and continues marked by an urgent change, Government Regulation No. 23/2008 scope, impact and respondents need about International Organizations for information and communication Participation and Non Government (Janssen et.al 2010). Based on data Foreign Institutions in Disaster issued by the United Nations for Management. According Lettieri et.al (2009), disaster management is International Strategy Disaster Risk Reduction (UN-ISDR). Indonesia defined as a body of policy and become disaster-prone areas due to administrative decisions, operational several reasons, such as natural factors activities, actors and technologies (earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides, relating to the various stages of a floods) and non-natural (population disaster at all levels A new dimension densities, house isn't suit disaster of set of rules in disaster management: conditions). (1) Disaster management as an overall effort and proactive begins on disaster Disaster management in risk reduction, emergency response, Indonesia has been regulated in rehabilitation and reconstruction, (2) various laws and regulations that have Disaster management as the efforts been applied. As a legal basis of made together by stakeholders with a disaster management, have been role and complementary functions. (3) issued Act No. 24/2007 about Disaster Disaster management as part of the Management, was followed several development process to achieve related implementing rules, ie disaster resilience. Presidential Regulation No. 08/2008 Disaster management at about National Disaster Management Agency (Indonesia: Badan Nasional provincial and district, each region Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB)), began to develop the policies, Government Regulation No. 21/2008 strategies, and disaster management about Disaster Management, operations in accordance with the Government Regulation No. 22/2008 direction of policy development at the national level. Therefore, it is

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necessary to know the extent of the process with the attributes of learning, regulations implementation related to interaction, development, and disaster management in the region. adaptation (Dinmohammadi et.al. Bogor Regency Government issued 2013), frequency and diversity Regional Regulation No. 2/2010 on (Helena, et.al, 2012). The latest Formation Disaster Mitigation Agency socialization models explained some (Indonesia: Badan Penanggulangan mechanisms that result influence such Bencana Daerah (BPBD)) as a form of as attitudes, performance, and policy, strategy and disaster withdrawal (Bauer et.al., 2007; Bauer management operations which refers and Erdogan, 2011; Kammeyer- to Act No. 24/2007. Mueller and Wanberg, 2003; Saks

This study aims to look the et.al., 2007) applied generally to any effectiveness of socialization social system (Thies, 2012) conducted in Bogor Regency through Socialization includes the public understanding about disaster examination of socio-cultural management. Several problems can be environment, social interaction and identified are: (1) There is a rule social behavior. Therefor, the regulating of disaster management, but socialization is the most important there are still many people living in chain between social systems. because disaster-prone areas, (2) Disaster of the socialization involves an management rules has been integrated individual up to group to participate among stakeholders based on Act No. into one system. According Beyers 24/2007, but the implementation is not (2010) stated socialization is a key understood. (3) Efforts socialization concept in social theories and focuses disaster management rules already on the development of sense of implemented by the government, but belonging group & appropriate many people who have not find out behavior. Socialization affect and implement. retention based on the basic human need to develop relationships (Allen The effectiveness of Socialization Socialization is defined as a and Linda, 2012). Therefore, when considering the effectiveness of

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socialization practices, should be Research Method remembered the extent to which the This study uses a qualitative practice has been shown to be method with case study approach. associated to proximal outcomes (Saks Case study is a qualitative approach and Gruman, 2012). that explores real life, contemporary Legislations in Indonesia system limited (one cases) or various Legislations is written policies systems limited (many cases) containing legal norms and set by state involving varied information source institutions or authorized officer and report the case descriptions through the procedure in the through data collection detail and in- legislation. To meet public need on depth (Creswell, 2014). Qualitative good legislation, it is necessary to researchers collect their own data formulate a regulation which contains through documentation, behavior about the legislation formation with observation, interviews with definite method, raw and standards participants, generally do not use a that binding all authority agency questionnaire or instrument created by aspects to establish regulations. other researchers (Creswell, 2014). Article 22A of 1945 Constitution Thus, data collection techniques is states that further provisions regarding observation, interview and the procedures for Act establishment documentation governed by Act. Object research in form of In Act No. 12/2011 about information obtained from study Establishment Legislations Article 1, subjects related to effectiveness of include: legislation formation stages, socialization Act No 24/2007 about the legislation as written rules contain Disaster Management that carried out legal norms binding in general and set in Rawa Panjang Village, Bojong by state institutions or authorized Gede Subdistrict, Bogor Regency with officer, national and regional purposive sampling technique. legislation program, legislation Subjects in the study include BPBD placement and legislation content. (Division Preparedness and Mitigation

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in Bogor), village chief in Bogor refers to model of Miles and District whose territory flood-prone, Huberman ie data reduction, a data society, government representatives display, and conclusion drawing / involved in the socialization of Act verification (Sugiyono, 2009). No. 24/2007 about Disaster Sequence of activities carried out can Management. be seen on figure below:

Data analysis in this study

Figure 1 Interactive Model of Miles and Huberman (Sugiyono, 2009)

Test the validity of the data of Act No. 24/2007 about Disaster using triangulation by eliminating the Management, followed by several differences in construction, the reality other rules for disaster management in the context of a study when system development, includes policy, collecting data on a range of events strategy, and operations nationally by and relationships of the various views, central and local government. in other words, the researcher can to Kusumasasi and Alam (2012) stated recheck its findings by contrasting a disaster management system in variety sources, methods, or theory Indonesia according concept of (Moleong, 2014). community-based through its Self- Result and Discussion Initiative Disaster Management Disaster Management System in System to increase community Indonesia awareness on potential disasters. Disaster management patterns Therefore, government have to know has a new dimension with the issuance relevant regulations implementation to

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disaster management in the region. Indonesia can be seen on the table Disaster management regulations in below:

Table 1 Regulations on Disaster Management in Indonesia (Kusumasari, 2014) Category Number/Year Contents Constitution 26/2007 The spatial structuring 24/2007 Disaster management Government 21/2008 Disaster management regulations 22/2008 Funding, assistance management and disaster donation 23/2008 Role of International Organizations and International NGOs in Disaster Management Presidential 08/2008 National Disaster Management Agency regulation 03/2007 Presidential regulation change No. 83, 2005 about National Coordination Board for Disaster Management 83/2005 National Coordination Board for Disaster Management

Legislation Implementation on perception, analysis, communication, the District Government refers to the and information. national legislation system as a system In Bogor Regency, there has of standards that becomes reference been no regional regulations for the regulation at provincial and specifically addressing disaster district government levels management. This was revealed by the (collaborating with disaster Head of Prevention and Preparedness organizations from center to to local of BPBD in Bogor Regency: “We have level). Act No. 24/2007 as an trigger a yet to develop disaster prevention paradigm change in disaster legislation, because it is still not management. The disaster budgeted. Currently, BPBD only management should include disaster based on the Disaster Management risk management systematically and Act. In addition, the references we use various stakeholders can actively is the Head of BNPB Regulation” control, prevent, identify and (Interview result, September, 2016). eliminate potential hazards. While This means that for the socialization of according to Lettieri et.al (2009), disaster management in Bogor classified against four functions: Regency is still governed by national standards (according to Table 1).

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Departed from the fact outsourcing. As expressed by Head of geographical, geological, the Prevention Section: “Now, we hydrological, and demographic in have 75 personnel of the Rapid Bogor Regency which has Response Team and 60 of fire brigade vulnerability level disaster occurrence. personnel that divided into 3 shifts Then in accordance with Article 18 who ready every day for supporting through Article 25 of Act No. 24/2007 BPBD in disaster management” about Disaster Management, each (Interview results, September, 2016). province and districts formed the From these interviews results can be BPBD. While formation guidelines of seen that the human resource capacity BPBD stipulated in Minister in disaster management in Bogor Regulation of Home Affairs No. 46 of Regency has been sufficiently trained 2008 about the Organizational and be divided normal work time. So Structure and Work Procedure of the for disaster emergency could be BPBD deployed. Implementation of the Effectiveness of Disaster ministerial regulation, in Bogor Management Socialization in Bogor Regency realized in the form of Local Regency Regulation of Bogor Regency No. Reviewed of effectiveness in 2/2010 about the Establishment of the this research is mandate of Act No. BPBD in Bogor Regency are set on 24/2007 that held in Bogor. Cases that March 23, 2010. Furthermore, started have been observed with media on January 11, 2011 BPBD began content is search was focusing on operations that marked by the official flood prevention in Bojong Gede inauguration structural from Echelon Subdistrict, Bogor Regency, because II, III and IV, led by the Head of the region including the flood-prone Agency and be responsible to the areas. Regent. Increasing uncontrolled The results showed that Bogor population number correlated with the Regency have the Rapid Response flooding danger. In Bogor Regency, Team that composed of personnel many population living on the land

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that could potentially flood (like a lot the river. Similarly, drainage system is of people who lived along the river). In be met garbage and can not function to addition, a habit most people who drain the water. Conditions in Kali throw garbage to accelerate Baru river of Bogor Regency can be occurrence of silting and narrowing seen on the figure below:

Figure 2. Silting of Kali Baru in Bogor Regency (Author Documentation, 2016)

To reduce flood impact, Department of Water Resources of sustainable spatial planning and West Java province, and the dredging change behaviors (habits) of realization in 2016. The dredging had population to maintain river be done in Kali Baru, can be checked cleanliness and repairing drainage now in Kali Baru. This dredging to system. In addition, efforts to prevent excavate the river silting in order to be silting, government did river dredging. wide and deep”. (Interview Result, In 2016, dredging in Kali Baru as September 2016). Dredging of Kali submitted by the Head of Baru river can be seen on the figure Development section at Sub District below: Office “We have proposed to the

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Figure 3. Dredging of Kali Baru river (Author Documentation, 2016)

In addition to dredging, one budgeted 300 million from Regional way to reduce flood occurrence is Government Budget and 500 million socialization (appeal) at any from BNPB. This budget is used opportunity about the flood disaster gradually to “Resilient Village” management. Sub District has formation. Resilient village priorities submitted material about the disaster based on multi-hazard criteria and in coordination meetings. Unit public impact on society. officer (village head) can be give Government Efforts in Socialization information to the Sub District and of Disaster Management will be reported to the Environment Based on interviews with Agency as well as those involved in BPBD parties Bogor Regency stated disaster management. that “Socialization efforts that we have Effectiveness of socialization done is through resilient village of disaster management is not program, school with disaster-prone maximized because most people in areas through a leaflet which contains Bogor Kaupaten not know the Act No. disaster risk reduction, cooperation 24/2007. The limited budget and with the business world and society in personnel is a constraint socialization. coordination meeting every year” So is resilient village program, the (Interview Result, September 2016) local government budgets are Although the government as constrained because every year only

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the main responsible and coordinator manage of community-based disaster in disaster management, but in risk reduction community. Families practice, it is carried out jointly with and communities which is adjacent to the public and business / private sector the dangers are those who give help as represented in “equilateral (self resilience) or as an initial triangle”. The community has an responder. important role in the emergency phase, The village is a legal public namely providing first-response entity with the authority to manage his before external assistance arrives. In own family. Creativity or initiative the pre-disaster and post-disaster, the through the village, the community is community were parties to the most expected to overcome its problems, imminent danger and threat because including poverty and disaster threats. the public to know their area, problems While the business world also has a and needs of their own social responsibility that is Besides being a victim, they implemented through Corporate are the subject or the main actors from Social Responsibility (CSR). Through the planning, monitoring and CSR is understood that the sustained evaluation (through a bottom-up company success can not be separated approach). The treatment for people as from the community support. Profit is the main actors are the main force to not only measured by financial create a culture of safety and resilience aspects, but also measured on the to disasters. Disaster management environmental and social aspects system in effect since Act No. 24/2007 (triple bottom line). was passed so that public become Through Act No. 24/2007 resilient. Increasing public capacity about Disaster Management, then have been informed by the there is a significant variety changes to Government of Bogor Regency the effort of disasters management in through disaster resilient village. Indonesia (from national to regional), Currently it has developed as a this rule has been able to provide resilient village model, efforts to security for the people and territory by

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Indonesia's disaster response in fulfillment of reconstruction post- characteristics terms, frequency and disaster building, for example, then we understanding the vulnerability & submit to the appropriate authorities in disaster risk. development, but slow response. That

Constraints faced Bogor is what we are dealing with. (Interview Regency in terms of socialization of Results, September 2016) disaster management in Bogor To overcome these constraints, Regency is a matter of budget and the government has taken various personnel. As expressed by the Head measures and efforts, especially flood of Prevention and Preparedness BPBD disaster management. In accordance of Bogor Regency as follows: “The with Act No. 24/2007 that disaster limited budget and personnel are our management is responsibility of barriers in the socialization, but each government and local government, flood, BPBD certainly send aid, which is nationally coordinated by meaning that we are in emergency BNPB supported by the community. response terms responds as quickly as While in the areas coordinated by we can. Because actual BPBD main BPBD. Similarly, the flood disaster function is coordination, in management is also conducted cooperation with all relevant agencies. together based on community But sometimes the sectoral ego is still empowerment, where the government there, so disaster socialization together with the community seeks to unoptimal. reduce disaster risk since before the

If the problem during disaster occurred. These efforts emergency response, in general all focused on community preparedness. This effort to cooperate with other institutions associated easy to get the cooperation and quick response, but agencies such as the Indonesian sometimes during the pre-disaster and National Police, Indonesian National post-disaster it was rather difficult and Army and other stakeholders directly slow response, for example, only related to Local Government in Bogor we've made fast study and assess the Regency.

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Flood preparedness priority development of adaptation to floods is within the pre-disaster and post- essential to reduce disaster impact disaster emergency response. The Conclusion stage of these activities are: (1) Referring to the issue and Flooding risk study, (2) Weather analysis that has been done, can be monitoring, (3) Monitoring the concluded: first, Indonesian Disaster discharge of river water, (4) Early Management System refers to Act No. warning, (5) Dissemination of 24/2007 with paradigm change of the information, (6) Draw up maps of emergency response to concept of flood-prone, (7) Provide resources for mitigation and prevention. The rules emergency response, (8) Provide regarding disaster management in heavy equipment and materials needed Bogor refers Bogor District during flood, (9) Provide a water Regulation No. 2/2010 about pump, water tank and car stools, (10) Establishment of BPBD. Second, Provide medical personnel, Effectiveness of socialization Disaster paramedics and ambulance, ( 11) Management in Bogor Regency is not Preparing evacuation route and maximized due to constraints on the temporary shelters, and (12) Provide budget and personnel. Third, The security. government have socialize of disaster In line with the opinion Lettieri management by forming resilient et.al (2009), Disaster management village every year, cooperated with could be provided aid and other parties to aid communities to investigations which can be identified: emergency response. the theoretical framework used, Recommendation general phases process, actors involved and responsibilities, Government could be technology and information as improving disaster management resources. At the stage of physical system in Indonesia, both in the central disaster mitigation, river normalized government, provincial, and district by means widening, dredging and level by referring to the Constitution of make embankments. Concept 1945 through system and regulations

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