ARCH 2303 Exam # 2 Study Guide Lectures: 7-10

Lecture 7 (September 24)

3 parts of the entablature: architrave, frieze, and cornice Architrave: generally a blank level of stone Frieze: composed of triglyphs and metopes Triglyph = an ornamental, non-structural panel of 3 raised vertical elements Metope = an ornamental, non-structural panel between two triglyphs. In the diagram, the metopes are blank but usually they were decorated. Cornice = the crowning, protruding element of the entablature. In the diagram, two cornices are shown. The flat portion is “a” and the raking portion is “b”. Doric column The parts you need to know: Shaft: the longest part. Notice how the entire length of the shaft is not shown in this diagram. That is why the shaft appears to be in two parts: the middle portion has been deleted to make the diagram easier to fit on a page. Get used to reading diagrams such as this one! Capital: Echinus: a portion of stone that is circular in cross-section and swells outward to meet the abacus Abacus: a portion of stone that is square in cross-section upon which the entablature rests The abacus always extends past the edge of the entablature! Greek Doric columns usually did not have bases of their own. The columns were always placed directly upon the temple base. This will change with the Romans. The parts of the temple base you need to know: Stereobate: the bottom 2 steps (think of 2 speakers in a stereo system) Stylobate: the third step Stereobate + stylobate = crepidoma (the entire temple base) Flutes: the concave sections Arris: the sharp edge that occurs when two Greek Doric flutes meet.

IONIC ORDER

3 parts of the entablature: architrave, frieze, and cornice Architrave: always contains 3 levels of stone called fasciae. Notice that the fasciae are arranged very carefully, so that each level protrudes slightly over the one below. This is a perfect example of how Greeks took an old, pre-Greek architectural theme – corbelling – and refined it into something purely decorative. Notice: unlike corbelling in Egypt and Mycenae, which was used to span distances, here it is merely decorative. Frieze: no triglyphs or metopes, but it may be decorated with other items or left blank Cornice: the crowning, protruding element of the entablature, with flat and raking portions, just as in the Doric order. Column Shaft: the longest part (not shown here in its entire length) Capital: A scroll-like element has two parts: Spiral scrolls are volutes The connecting element between them is what is left of the echinus (“e”). Abacus: the abacus has now shrunk to become a thin, elegant cushion of stone, circular in cross-section. The capital to the left has a plain abacus, while that on the right has a highly decorated one (“a”). Base: the Ionic column always rests upon its own separate base [ALWAYS HAVE ONE CAVETO AND ONE TORUS]

GREEK TEMPLE PLANS 2 columns = distyle 4 columns = tetrastyle 6 columns = hexastyle 8 columns = octastyle 10 columns = decastyle amphi style is when there is a mirror image on the front and back if a temple is peripteral, it cannot be prostyle or amphiprostyle

dipteral is when there are two complete rows of columns

ENTASIS Entasis: a column that curves outward in the middle of the shaft Be able to discuss how entasis – and the elements of the Doric order – evolved over the course of these three temples! Hera I: exaggerated entasis, fat echinus, heavy-looking abacus Hera II: less exaggerated entasis, slimmer echinus, somewhat lighter-looking abacus