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Architectural Features Architrave \AR Ka Trave\ the Principal Beam and the Lowest Member of the Entablature, Resting Directly on the Capitals of the Columns

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Architectural Features Architrave \AR Ka Trave\ the Principal Beam and the Lowest Member of the Entablature, Resting Directly on the Capitals of the Columns Civil Engineering and Architecture Instructor: Sarah Oosterhuis West Ada School District, Meridian, ID Architectural Features Architrave \AR ka trave\ The principal beam and the lowest member of the entablature, resting directly on the capitals of the columns. Baluster \Bail us ter\ A small, decorative post that supports the upper rail. A row of balusters is called a balustrade. Capital The crowning member of a column or a pilaster. Clerestory \CLEAR story\ A vertical extension beyond the single story height of a room, generally with windows. Column A pillar or post consisting of a base, shaft and capital. Cornice \KOR niss\ A decorative projection or crown along the underside of the roof where the roof “hangs over” the wall. Originally, cornices were brackets that supported the overhanging roof. Cupola \KEWP oh la\ A small structure located above the roof for the purpose of adding light and air, or for ornamentation. Historically used as a lookout. Dentil \DEN till\ A small, rectangular block used in series under the cornice. From the Latin word dentes, meaning “teeth.” Dentils were thought to resemble a row of teeth. Dormer \DOOR mer\ A structure with a window, added to a sloping roof. Entablature \en TAB la chur\ An order of horizontal moldings and bands that rests directly on the capitals and columns. Facade \fa SOD\ An architectural front or “face” of a building. Frieze \FREEZE\ The middle section of the order, below the cornice of a wall and above the Architrave. Jack arch A brick or stone element supporting openings in the masonry. Decorative patterns and elements are often incorporated to visually frame architectural features. Also known as “flat arch” or “straight arch.” Keystone The central stone generally placed at the top profile of arched elements. Lintel \LIN tel\ A supporting wood or stone beam generally placed across the top of window or door opening. Also called a header. Modillion \moh DILL yun\ An ornamental bracket, placed under eaves, in series, for support or decoration. Their S, or scroll, shape easily identifies classic modillions. Later modillions are seen in the form of plain block. Palladian Window \pa LAY dee n\ A large, multi-paned window unit with large center arched section and two shorter, narrow side windows. Parapet \PAIR a pit\ A low wall along the edge of a roof, balcony, platform, or terrace. Pediment \PED a ment\ A decorative gable end extension, which emphasizes a building’s width giving it a sturdy appearance. Often visually supported by columns. Pilaster \pi LAS ter\ A rectangular or half-round column attached to a wall to provide the appearance of columns without the expense of actual columns. Portico \POOR ti coh\ A porch-type structure, with a roof supported by columns or walls that leads to the entrance of a building. Quoins \Coins\ Brick-like designs placed at the corners of a building. Transom \TRAN sum\ A framed glass typically placed above doors to allow light into the entranceway. Turret \TUR et\ A small tower attached to a larger building Water table A horizontal row of specially molded bricks that extend out from the rest of the wall marking the ceiling of the basement. Widow’s walk A railed walkway built on a roof, traditionally for viewing the sea while waiting for fishing boats to return..
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