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Folklore Evald Tang Kristensen, a Danish Folklorist

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Folklore Evald Tang Kristensen, a Danish Folklorist This article was downloaded by: [University of Sydney] On: 03 May 2015, At: 14:03 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Folklore Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rfol20 Evald Tang Kristensen, A Danish Folklorist W. A. Craigie M.A. Published online: 14 Feb 2012. To cite this article: W. A. Craigie M.A. (1898) Evald Tang Kristensen, A Danish Folklorist, Folklore, 9:3, 194-224, DOI: 10.1080/0015587X.1898.9720455 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0015587X.1898.9720455 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions Downloaded by [University of Sydney] at 14:03 03 May 2015 EVALD TANG KRISTENSEN, A DANISH FOLK­ LORIST. BY W. A. CRAIGIE, M.A. EVERY student of folklore is well aware of the fact ahat the materials for his study must first be collected by some one from those who have been their unconscious custodians and preservers. But while almost any one can collect to a certain extent, it is comparatively rare to find-one who can do it with perfect thoroughness and with really great results. Extensive and profitable collecting requires.not.only a com­ bination of unusual qualities in the collector, but implies a field that is naturally capable of yielding a'good return;'and in .these days this'is-not so • easy to find. V In fact) we may safely say that it does not exist in the 'English-speaking parts of our islands, and in the Celtic portions attention has been largely confined to two or three branches,of: the. sub­ ject—as ballads, fairy tales, and charms.'. There.is much to be done in other departments.before/our'material can be regarded as satisfactory. The ideal.collector would.have an eyc'and an ear for everything, arid .would be able to "carry off-not-only what people' were:willingto.give him, but what they scarcely knew they possessed, or- considered too trivial to mention* ."It is just because the good collector and the productive field afe so rare that'I have thought it Worth:while to' give some account of the'work done'in Denmark by a single roan: work which not only reveals .the^wealth .of: folklore still existing inthat country, but also presents us with ah example Downloaded by [University of Sydney] at 14:03 03 May 2015 of dogged perseverance and all-round interest in the subject that cannot be too highly commended. While the results of his labours as yet only lie before us in the rough state, they contain a mass of facts which are of the highest value, and the only matter for regret is that the language in which they Downloaded by [University of Sydney] at 14:03 03 May 2015 EVALD TANG KRISTENSEN (Prom a Photograph, ) Evald Tang KrisUnsen. 195 are written is one so seldom studied as to make the volumes sealed books to many who would find interesting material in them. The mention of Danish folklore will probably suggest two names, those of Thiele and Grundtvig. The former pub­ lished a collection in 1820, afterwards expanded into three volumes (Danmarks Folkesagn, 1843-60). Grundtvig, besides his monumental work, Danmarks gamle Folkeviser, into which the great harvest of Danish ballads was successfully garnered, also published three collections of general folk­ lore during the years 1854-61 {Gamle danske Minder), and two small collections of sEventyr in 1876-78. But neither Thiele nor Grundtvig could be properly described as a great collector; the work of both was almost exclusively literary. They worked, the former largely and the second almost entirely, on material already existing in either a printed or written form. Indeed, as will be seen, Grundtvig's work owed not a little to the collector who forms the subject of my paper, and the dealings'between them show clearly how little progress Grundtvig ever made towards bringing him­ self into direct contact with the living sources for his favourite study. In the light of some of the facts mentioned in the follow­ ing pages it is not strange that Denmaric has had so few real collectors of folklore. It is the peculiar merit of Evald Tang Kristensen, of whose life and^work I propose to give Downloaded by [University of Sydney] at 14:03 03 May 2015 some account, that he has not been'-deterred either by phy­ sical or social barriers from searching out his material in its native haunts, and that no considerations of personal com­ fort or advancement in his profession have weighed with him in comparison with the self-chosen task of saving the fast-dying memories of a bygone age. To bring out the peculiar conditions under which his work has been done, some amount of biographical detail will be necessaryj although the variety and range of his labours would be remarkable enough under any circumstances.' o 2 196 Evald Tang Kristensen. I. Although born in the neighbourhood of Kolding, in the south-east corner of Jutland, Evald Tang Kristensen be­ longs by descent to the western side of the peninsula, his great-grandfather having been a farmer.in.Raasted, to the west of Holstebro. His father was a schoolmaster, a posi^ tion which he owed .to.the assistance given, by.a,richer neighbour, Evald Tang, of NSrre Vosborg, who enabled him to qualify for the teaching profession, and whose name he gave to his first child, born January 24, 1843. ; Anders Kristensen died three years later, and his widow went back to her father in Holmsland, a small district lying between the town of RingkjSbing and the North Sea, fertile in its eastern part, but on the side next the sea chiefly composed of shifting sand-hills. The little Evald was shortly after­ wards sent to a relative's house (in Rindom), where .the dough-trough had to serve him for a cradle. Later on, his mother married again, her second husband being also a schoolmaster, who obtained a post in 0, near Viborg, in the heart of Jutland. The child's life had not been a very happy one so far, and this change did not do much to make it brighter. He began to go to school, but had also to herd cattle on the moors, whose heights and hollows formed a marked contrast to the flatness of Holmsland, where his earlier years had been spent. The high heather-clad banks, with the deep sandy roads between, made a strong impres­ Downloaded by [University of Sydney] at 14:03 03 May 2015 sion on his boyish mind, naturally inclined to melancholy, which was further fostered by the strictness of his up­ bringing and by almost constant ill-health. The latter defect was never properly attended to; all that was done for him was,to consult a "wise man," or wizard, and this had no beneficial result: Food was insufficient, as it too often is in Denmark; and childish games and amusements were practically unknown to him. In spite of these, adverse circumstances, the boy made Evald Tang Kristensen. 197 progress wijth his books, and was fortunate enough to attract the attention of the parish clergyman, who took charge of his education, evidently intending to prepare him jfor the university. To this plan, however, his step­ father was quite opposed, and young Kristensen finally, in "1858, went to- a training college in Lyngby. The education' there does not seem to have been more in­ spiring than usual; none of the teachers were particularly interested in the lad; he found little to attract him in his fellow-students, and the whole course of instruction proved pretty tiresome to him. After obtaining his teacher's certificate in 1861, Kristen­ sen became schoolmaster in Husby, a village close to the North Sea, a little' south from Nissum Fjord, and thus again came under the spell of the desolation which charac­ terises the western coast of Jutland. Moving afterwards to the eastern side of the peninsula he was for, three years in Helstrup, to the west of Randers, his salary there amounting to the magnificent sum of 180 rigsdalers, or £21. As might be supposed, he had to live alone and do all] his own housework; yet he also found time to study music and botany, and to compile twelve manuscript volumes - of songs, with their melodies.
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