Buddhist Teachings on the Precepts

Pali Canon: Five Precepts as Gifts (Anguttara Nikaya 8:39; IV 245-47) and oppression, he himself will enjoy immeasurable “There are, O monks, eight streams of merit, freedom from fear, hostility, and oppression. This is streams of the wholesome, nourishments of the second of those great gifts and the fifth stream happiness, that are heavenly, ripening in happiness of merit. conducive to heaven, and that lead to whatever is “Further, monks, a noble disciple gives up sexual wished for, loved, and agreeable, to one’s welfare misconduct and abstains from it. By abstaining from and happiness. What are the eight? sexual misconduct, the noble disciple gives to “Here, monks, a noble disciple has gone for refuge immeasurable beings freedom from fear, hostility, to the Buddha. This is the first stream of merit, and oppression. By giving to immeasurable beings stream of the wholesome, nourishment of freedom from fear, hostility and oppression, he happiness, that is heavenly, ripening in happiness, himself will enjoy immeasurable freedom from fear, conducive to heaven, and that leads to whatever is hostility, and oppression. This is the third of those wished for, loved, and agreeable, to one’s welfare great gifts and the sixth stream of merit. and happiness. “Further, monks, a noble disciple gives up false “Further, a noble disciple has gone for refuge to the speech and abstains from it. By abstaining from false Dhamma. This is the second stream of merit...that speech, the noble disciple gives to immeasurable leads to whatever is wished for, loved, and beings freedom from fear, hostility, and oppression. agreeable, to one’s welfare and happiness. By giving to immeasurable beings freedom from fear, hostility and oppression, he himself will enjoy “Further, a noble disciple has gone for refuge to the immeasurable freedom from fear, hostility, and Sangha. This is the third stream of merit...that leads oppression. This is the fourth of those great gifts and to whatever is wished for, loved, and agreeable, to the seventh stream of merit. one’s welfare and happiness. “Further, monks, a noble disciple gives up wines, “There are further, monks, these five gifts—pristine, liquors, and intoxicants, the basis for negligence, and of long standing, traditional, ancient, unadulterated abstains from them. By abstaining from wines, and never before adulterated, that are not being liquors, and intoxicants, the noble disciple gives to adulterated and that will not be adulterated, not immeasurable beings freedom from fear, hostility, despised by wise ascetics and brahmins. What are and oppression. By giving to immeasurable beings these five gifts? freedom from fear, hostility, and oppression, he “Here, monks, a noble disciple gives up the himself will enjoy immeasurable freedom from fear, destruction of life and abstains from it. By abstaining hostility, and oppression. This is the fifth of those from the destruction of life, the noble disciple gives great gifts and the eighth stream of merit. to immeasurable beings freedom from fear, hostility, “These, monks, are the eight streams of merit, and oppression. By giving to immeasurable beings streams of the wholesome, nourishments of freedom from fear, hostility and oppression, he happiness, which are heavenly, ripening in himself will enjoy immeasurable freedom from fear, happiness, conducive to heaven, and which lead to hostility, and oppression. This is the first of those whatever is wished for, loved, and agreeable, to great gifts and the fourth stream of merit. one’s welfare and happiness. “Further, monks, a noble disciple gives up the taking of what is not given and abstains from it. By abstaining from taking what is not given, the noble disciple gives to immeasurable beings freedom from fear, hostility, and oppression. By giving to immeasurable beings freedom from fear, hostility Traditional Buddhist Precepts Diane Rizzetto’s Precepts A disciple of buddha does not kill I take up the way of speaking truthfully A disciple of buddha does not take what is not given I take up the way of speaking of others with A disciple of buddha does not misuse sexuality openness and possibility A disciple of buddha does not lie I take up the way of meeting others on equal ground A disciple of buddha does not intoxicate mind or I take up the way of cultivating a clear mind body of self or others I take up the way of taking only what is freely given A disciple of buddha does not speak of the faults of and giving freely all that I can others I take up the way of engaging in sexual intimacy A disciple of buddha does not praise self at the respectfully and with an open heart expense of others I take up the way of letting go of anger A disciple of buddha is not possessive of anything, I take up the way of supporting life especially the dharma A disciple of buddha does not harbor ill will A disciple of buddha does not disparage the Triple Treasure

From the Brahma-Net (Mahayana) Sutra encourage others to steal, steal by expedient means, The Ten Major Precepts steal by means of incantation or deviant mantras. He The Buddhas said to his disciples, "There are ten should not create the causes, conditions, methods, major Bodhisattva precepts. If one receives the or karma of stealing. No valuables or possessions, precepts but fails to recite them, he is not a even those belonging to ghosts and spirits or thieves Bodhisattva, nor is he a seed of Buddhahood. I, too, and robbers, be they as small as a needle or blade of recite these precepts. grass, may be stolen. "All Bodhisattvas have studied them in the past, will As a Buddha's disciple, he ought to have a mind of study in the future, and are studying them now. I mercy, compassion, and filial piety -- always helping have explained the main characteristics of the people earn merits and achieve happiness. If instead, Bodhisattva precepts. You should study and observe he steals the possessions of others, he commits a them with all your heart." Parajika offense. (26) The Buddha continued: 3. Third Major Precept 1. First Major Precept On Sexual Misconduct On Killing A disciple of the Buddha must not engage in A disciple of the Buddha shall not himself kill, licentious acts or encourage others to do so. [As a encourage others to kill, kill by expedient means, monk] he should not have sexual relations with any praise killing, rejoice at witnessing killing, or kill female -- be she a human, animal, deity or spirit -- nor through incantation or deviant mantras. He must not create the causes, conditions, methods, or karma of create the causes, conditions, methods, or karma of such misconduct. Indeed, he must not engage in killing, and shall not intentionally kill any living improper sexual conduct with anyone. creature. A Buddha's disciple ought to have a mind of filial As a Buddha's disciple, he ought to nurture a mind of piety -- rescuing all sentient beings and instructing compassion and filial piety, always them in the Dharma of purity and chastity. If instead, devising expedient means to rescue and protect all he lacks compassion and encourages others to beings. If instead, he fails to restrain himself and kills engage in sexual relations promiscuously, including sentient beings without mercy, he commits with animals and even their mothers, daughters, a Parajika (major) offense. sisters, or other close relatives, he commits a 2. Second Major Precept Parajika offense. On Stealing 4. Fourth Major Precept A disciple of the Buddha must not himself steal or On Lying and False Speech A disciple of the Buddha must not himself use false stand in for all sentient beings and endure words and speech, or encourage others to lie or lie humiliation and slander -- accepting blame and letting by expedient means. He should not involve himself sentient beings have all the glory. If instead, he in the causes, conditions, methods, or karma of displays his own virtues and conceals the good lying, saying that he has seen what he has not seen points of others, thus causing them to suffer slander, or vice-versa, or lying implicitly through physical or he commits a Parajika offense. mental means. 8. Eighth Major Precept As a Buddha's disciple, he ought to maintain Right On Stinginess and Abuse Speech and Right Views always, and lead all others A disciple of the Buddha must not be stingy or to maintain them as well. If instead, he causes encourage others to be stingy. He should not create wrong speech, wrong views or evil karma in others, the causes, conditions, methods, or karma of he commits a Parajika offense. stinginess. As a Bodhisattva, whenever a destitute 5. Fifth Major Precept person comes for help, he should give that person On Selling Alcoholic Beverages what he needs. If instead, out of anger and A disciple of the Buddha must not trade in alcoholic resentment, he denies all assistance -- refusing to beverages or encourage others to do so. He should help with even a penny, a needle, a blade of grass, not create the causes, conditions, methods, or karma even a single sentence or verse or a phrase of of selling any intoxicant whatsoever, for intoxicants Dharma, but instead scolds and abuses that person -- are the causes and conditions of all kinds of he commits a Parajika offense. offenses. 9. Ninth Major Precept As a Buddha's disciple, he ought to help all sentient On Anger and Resentment beings achieve clear wisdom. If instead, he causes A disciple of the Buddha shall not harbor anger or them to have upside-down, topsy-turvy thinking, he encourage others to be angry. He should not create commits a Parajika offense. the causes, conditions, methods, or karma of anger. 6. Sixth Major Precept As a disciple of the Buddha, he ought to be On Broadcasting the Faults of the Assembly compassionate and filial, helping all sentient beings A disciple of the Buddha must not himself broadcast develop the good roots of non-contention. If instead, the misdeeds or infractions of Bodhisattva-clerics or he insults and abuses sentient beings, or even Bodhisattva-laypersons, or of [ordinary] monks and transformation beings [such as deities and spirits], nuns -- nor encourage others to do so. He must not with harsh words, hitting them with his fists or feet, create the causes, conditions, methods, or karma of or attacking them with a knife or club -- or harbors discussing the offenses of the assembly. grudges even when the victim confesses his As a Buddha's disciple, whenever he hears evil mistakes and humbly seeks forgiveness in a soft, persons, externalists or followers of the Two conciliatory voice -- the disciple commits a Parajika Vehicles speak of practices contrary to the Dharma offense. or contrary to the precepts within the Buddhist 10. Tenth Major Precept community, he should instruct them with a On Slandering the Triple Jewel compassionate mind and lead them to develop A Buddha's disciple shall not himself speak ill of the wholesome faith in the Mahayana. Triple Jewel or encourage others to do so. He must If instead, he discusses the faults and misdeeds that not create the causes, conditions, methods or karma occur within the assembly, he commits a Parajika of slander. If a disciple hears but a single word of offense. slander against the Buddha from externalists or evil 7. Seventh Major Precept beings, he experiences a pain similar to that of three On Praising Oneself and Disparaging Others hundred spears piercing his heart. How then could A disciple of the Buddha shall not praise himself and he possibly slander the Triple Jewel himself? speak ill of others, or encourage others to do so. He Hence, if a disciple lacks faith and filial piety towards must not create the causes, conditions, methods, or the Triple Jewel, and even assists evil persons or karma of praising himself and disparaging others. those of aberrant views to slander the Triple Jewel, As a disciple of the Buddha, he should be willing to he commits a Parajika offense. 3 Versions of the Zen Precepts THE SIXTEEN BODHISATTVA PRECEPTS from the Everyday Zen Wedding Ceremony By Zoketsu Norman Fischer | June 3, 2009 The Threefold Refuge Summary: Here are three versions of the I take refuge in Buddha. Bodhisattva precepts. The first is Norman Fischer's version of the 16 precepts, from his book, Taking our This is the stillness, the clarity, the kindness that is Places: A Buddhist Guide to Truly Growing Up. The the real nature of all life. second version is the 16 precepts from the Everyday I take refuge in Dharma. Zen Wedding Ceremony. The third is a version of the This is the way of life, day by day, that accords with 10 grave precepts, with commentary by Buddha. Bodhidharma & Dogen Zenji. I take refuge in Sangha. This is the community of all being that is our refuge THE SIXTEEN BODHISATTVA PRECEPTS and support. Norman Fischer's version The Threefold Refuge The Three Boundless Precepts I take refuge in Buddha (the principle of I vow to refrain from all action that increases enlightenment within). suffering. I take refuge in dharma (the enlightened way of This is the intention to always practice a wise understanding and living). restraint. I take refuge in sangha (the community of beings). I vow to perform all action that increases Pure Precepts awareness. I vow to avoid all action that creates suffering I vow This is the intention to actually do what occurs to us to do all action that creates true happiness. I vow to that can make ourselves and others truly happy. act with others always in mind. I vow to live for and with all being. Grave Precepts This is the intention to always try to see everything Not to kill but to nurture life. with an unselfish eye. Not to steal but to receive what is offered as a gift. Not to misuse sexuality but to be caring and faithful The Ten Clear Mind Precepts in intimate relationships. A follower of the way cultivates and encourages life, Not to lie but to be truthful. does not take life. Not to intoxicate with substances or doctrines but to One who is committed to following the way lives promote clarity and awareness. with awareness. Such a person can never knowingly Not to speak of others' faults but to speak out of harm a single thing. loving-kindness. A follower of the way honors the gift not yet given, Not to praise self at the expense of others but to be does not steal. modest. Everything belongs to us and nothing belongs to us; Not to be possessive of anything but to be but we don't take anything unless it is offered to us generous. as a gift. Not to harbor anger but to forgive. A follower of the way remains faithful in relationships, does not misuse sexuality. Not to do anything to diminish the Triple Treasure but to support and nurture it. There is no way to remain deeply in relationship without complete honesty and openness.

A follower of the way communicates truth, does not lie. Our speech must be true and accurate and kind. We make and destroy worlds with our words. A follower of the way polishes clarity, dispelling mysterious. In the realm of the unattainable delusion, does not intoxicate self or others. Dharma, not having thoughts of gaining is called the To share spirits moderately with friends may be all Precept of Not Stealing." right; but intoxication as a way to relax or cope, Dogen Zenji said, "The self and the things of the whether it be with substances or doctrines, creates world are just as they are. The gate of emancipation confusion and unhappiness. is open." A follower of the way creates wisdom from The Third Grave Precept: Not Misusing Sex ignorance, does not criticize others mindlessly. Bodhidharma said, "Self-nature is subtle and This precept is very important in marriage. We make mysterious. In the realm of the ungilded Dharma, an effort to be thoughtful and caring in our speech not creating a veneer of attachment is called the about others. In this way we can love and be loved. Precept of Not Misusing Sex." A follower of the way maintains modesty, praises Dogen Zenji said, "The Three Wheels are pure and others, not self. clear. When you have nothing to desire, you follow This precept is also very important in the way of all Buddhas." marriage. Please let each other know, frequently, The Fourth Grave Precept: Not Lying how much you love and respect each other and why. Bodhidharma said, "Self-nature is subtle and A follower of the way shares freely, is not stingy. mysterious. In the realm of the inexplicable Dharma, Since there is nothing we can possess, especially not preaching a single word is called the Precept of others, we approach the world and each other with Not Lying." open hands. Dogen Zenji said, "The Dharma wheel turns from the A follower of the way dwells in equanimity, does not beginning. There is neither surplus nor lack. The harbor anger or ill will. whole universe is moistened with nectar, and the When there is anger, see it as anger; respect it but truth is ready to harvest." don't keep it close; try as much as you can to let it The Fifth Grave Precept: Not Giving or Taking go. Try not to let a single day end with ill will Drugs between you. There is no justification for Bodhidharma said "Self-nature is subtle and resentment. Remember this. mysterious. In the realm of the intrinsically pure A follower of the way respects the Buddha, unfolds Dharma, not giving rise to delusions is called the the Dharma, nourishes the Sangha. Precept of Not Giving or Taking Drugs." With the taking of these precepts we express our Dogen Zenji said, "Drugs are not brought in vow to live a life that is in accord with the sacred yet. Don't let them invade. That is the great light." nature of all that is. The Sixth Grave Precept: Not Discussing Faults of Others THE 10 GRAVE PRECEPTS Bodhidharma said, "Self-nature is subtle and with commentary by Bodhidharma & Dogen Zenji mysterious. In the realm of the flawless Dharma, not expounding upon error is called the Precept of Not

Speaking of Faults of Others." The First Grave Precept: Not Killing Dogen Zenji said, "In the Buddha Dharma, there is Bodhidharma said, "Self-nature is subtle and one path, one Dharma, one realization, one mysterious. In the realm of the everlasting Dharma, practice. Don't permit fault-finding. Don't permit not giving rise to concepts of killing is called the haphazard talk." Precept of Not Killing."

Dogen Zenji said, "The Buddha-seed grows in accordance with not taking life. Transmit the life of Buddha's wisdom and do not kill." The Second Grave Precept: Not Stealing Bodhidharma said, "Self-nature is subtle and The Seventh Grave Precept: Not Praising The Precepts as taught by Cheri Huber Yourself While Abusing Others Not only the sudden perception of truth, but also an Bodhidharma said, "Self-nature is subtle and unexpected experience of spontaneous goodness, mysterious. In the realm of the equitable Dharma, can liberate you from the shell of your little ego, and not dwelling upon I against you is called the Precept transport you from the stuffy realm of concepts and of Not Praising Yourself While Abusing Others." categories to the beyond. Whenever goodness Dogen Zenji said, "Buddhas and Ancestral Teachers flows, uncontaminated by the ideas of duty and realize the empty sky and the great earth. When sanction, there is Zen. they manifest the noble body, there is neither inside John C. H. Wu, The Golden Age of Zen nor outside in emptiness. When they manifest the 1. Not to lead a harmful life nor encourage others Dharma body there is not even a bit of earth on the to do so. ground." • Inspiration: There is no separate self. The Eighth Grave Precept: Not Sparing the • Prohibition: No killing. Dharma Assets • Aspiration: To live in harmony with all life and Bodhidharma said, "Self-nature is subtle and the environment that sustains it. mysterious. In the genuine, all-pervading Dharma, not being stingy about a single thing is called the • Key: Gratitude Precept of Not Sparing the Dharma Assets." • Vow: I take up the way of supporting life. Dogen Zenji said, "One phrase, one verse - that is the 2. Not to take what is not given. ten thousand things and one hundred grasses; one • Inspiration: There is no scarcity of resources. dharma, one realization - that is all Buddhas and • Prohibition: Not stealing. Ancestral Teachers. Therefore, from the beginning, there has been no stinginess at all." • Aspiration: To freely give, ask for, and accept what is needed. The Ninth Grave Precept: Not Indulging in Anger Key: Generosity Bodhidharma said, "Self-nature is subtle and • mysterious. In the realm of the selfless Dharma, not • Vow: I take up the way of taking only what is contriving reality for the self is called the Precept of freely given and giving freely all that I can Not Indulging in Anger." 3. Not to commit or participate in unchaste Dogen Zenji said, "Not advancing, not retreating, not conduct. real, not empty. There is an ocean of bright • Inspiration: There is no scarcity of love. clouds. There is an ocean of solemn clouds." • Prohibition: Not misusing sexuality. The Tenth Grave Precept: Not Defaming the • Aspiration: To give and accept affection and Three Treasures friendship without clinging. Bodhidharma said, "Self-nature is subtle and • Key: Love mysterious. In the realm of the One, not holding dualistic concepts of ordinary beings and sages is • Vow: I take up the way of engaging in sexual called the Precept of Not Defaming the Three intimacy respectfully and with an open heart Treasures." 4. Not to tell lies nor practice believing the Dogen Zenji said, "The teisho of the actual body is fantasies of authority. the harbor and the weir. This is the most important • Inspiration: There is no need to hide the truth. thing in the world. Its virtue finds its home in the • Prohibition: Not lying or deceiving others. ocean of essential nature. It is beyond • Aspiration: To see and act in accordance with explanation. We just accept it with respect and what is. gratitude." • Key: Honesty. • Vow: I take up the way of speaking truthfully 5. Not to use intoxicating drinks or narcotics, nor assist others to do so. • Inspiration: There is no need to hide from the truth. • Prohibition: No clouding. • Aspiration: To embrace all experience directly • Key: Awareness. Vow: I take up the way of cultivating a clear mind. 6. Not to publish other people’s faults. • Inspiration: There are no victims or perpetrators. • Prohibition: Not blaming or criticizing. • Aspiration: To acknowledge responsibility for everything in my life. • Key: Kindness. • Vow: I take up the way of speaking of others with openness and possibility 7. Not to extol oneself and slander others. • Inspiration: There are no winners or losers • Prohibition: Not competing or coveting. • Aspiration: To give my best effort and accept the results. • Key: Humility • Vow: I take up the way of meeting others on equal ground. 8. Not to be angry. • Inspiration: There are no mistakes. • Prohibition: Not to rage, resent, or seek revenge. • Aspiration: To see everything as an opportunity. • Key: Acceptance • Vow: I take up the way of letting go of anger.

Resources: Good Life: A Zen Precepts Retreat With Cheri Huber, ed. Sara Jenkins. Present Perfect Books (NC), 1997 Waking Up to What You Do: A Zen Practice for Meeting Every Situation with Intelligence and Compassion. Diane Eshin Rizzetto. Shambhala (London) 2005