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Sedat-Kryeziu-Disertacioni.Pdf UNIVERSITETI I TETOVËS FAKULTETI FILOZOFIK - DEPARTAMENTI I HISTORISË Tema: RIDALJA E NACIONALIZMIT SERB PAS VDEKJES SË TITOS DHE FORCIMI I POLITIKËS ANTISHQIPTARE NË KOSOVË DHE MAQEDONI NË VITET 1981- 1989 (Disertacioni i Doktoraturës) Kandidati doktorant: Udhëheqësi shkencor: MA.sc. Sedat KRYEZIU Prof.dr. Nebi DERVISHI Tetovë, 2020 DEKLARATA E AUTORËSISË © E drejta e autorit: SEDAT KRYEZIU Ky studim është veper origjinale e imja e hartuar në bazë të punës disa vjeçare . Në çdo rast janë respektuar të gjithë elementët e citimit dhe referencave në respekt të të drejtave morale të autorit dhe legjislacionit në fuqi për përdorimin e materialeve dhe literaturës së përfshirë në këtë disertacion. Ndalohet çdo përdorim dhe riprodhim, botim dhe shpërndarje, kopjim dhe shfrytëzim ose çdo formë tjetër qarkullimi tregtar pa pëlqimin paraprak me shkrim të autorit. 2 UNIVERSITETI I TETOVËS FAKULTETI FILOZOFIK - DEPARTAMENTI I HISTORISË Disertacion i paraqitur nga Sedat KRYEZIU Në kërkim të gradës shkencore "DOKTOR" Fusha: Histori Specialiteti: Histori bashkëkohore RIDALJA E NACIONALIZMIT SERB PAS VDEKJES SË TITOS DHE FORCIMI I POLITIKËS ANTISHQIPTARE NË KOSOVË DHE MAQEDONI NË VITET 1981- 1989 Udhëheqësi shkencor: Prof. dr. Nebi DERVISHI Komisioni: 1......................................................... Kryetar 2.........................................................Anëtar (oponent) 3......................................................... Anëtar(oponent) 4.........................................................Anëtar 5.........................................................Anëtar Tetovë, më ___________/__________ 3 PASQYRA E LËNDËS ABSTRAKTI............................................................................................................................... 7 PARATHËNIE ...........................................................................................................................9 HYRJE........................................................................................................................................12 KREU I PREMISAT E RISHFAQJES SË NACIONALIZMIT SERB 1.1. Jugosllavia në përfundim të Luftës së Dytë Botërore – ndarja administrative dhe sistemi politik.............................................................................................................................................18 1.2. Ndryshimet politike të vitit 1966 dhe reflektimi i tyre në pozitën e shqiptarëve në Kosovë dhe në vise të tjera (Maqedoni Preshevë)....................................................................................25 1.3.Kushtetuta e vitit 1974 - nxitëse e rizgjimit të nacionalizmit serb...........................................30 KREU II NGJARJET NË MUAJT MARS - PRILL 1981 DHE SITUATA E KRIJUAR PAS TYRE 2.1. Vështrim i përgjithshëm i gjendjes në Kosovë dhe në Maqedoni pas vdekjes së Titos..........41 2.2. Shpërthimi i demonstratave të vitit 1981 dhe dhuna policore serbe.....................................46 2.3. Fillimi i diferencimeve ideopolitike në Kosovë dhe forcimi i nacionalizmit serb..................58 KREU III RISHFAQJA E NACIONALIZMIT TË HESHTUR SERB 1981-1989 3.1.Fillimet e mobilizimit të serbëve në Kosovës dhe rritja e nacionalizmit.................................64 3.2. Propaganda në shërbim të nacionalizmit serb, si dhe inskenimi i disa incidenteve me të cilat Beogradi manipuloi skajshmërisht...................................................................... 76 4 3.3. "Memorandumi" i Akademisë së Shkencës dhe e Arteve të Serbisë (SANU) i vitit 1986 dhe impakti i tij në ringjalljen e ideologjisë nacionaliste serbe........................................89 KREU IV PËRGATITJA DHE ZBATIMI I PLANIT PËR HEQJEN E AUTONOMISË SË VITIT 1974 DHE REVOLTA E SHQIPTARËVE 4.1. Rrethanat që çuan në ngjitjen e Millosheviqit në krye të KQ LKS .....................................103 4.2 . Mitingjet serbe si shprehje e rritjes së nacionalizmit serb dhe presioni ndaj udhëhqjes legjitime të KSA të Kosovës............................................................................................ 115 4.3. Përgatitjet për suprimimin e rendit politiko - kushtetues në Kosovë dhe greva e minatorëve..................................................................................................................................127 4.4. Suprimimi i autonomisë së Kosovës, si uverturë e pushtimit të Kosovës dhe rezistenca e shqiptarëve(demonstratat e marsit dhe të prillit të vitit 1989) .............................................137 4.5 Politika e Millosheviqit për serbizimin e Jugosllavisë..................................................................151 PËRFUNDIME ..................................................................................................................... 156 SHKURTESAT DHE AKRONIMET .............................................................................. 167 BIBLIOGRAFI........................................................................................................................168 5 FALËNDERIM Duke përmbyllur një periudhë të gjatë hulumtuese dëshiroj të përfitoj nga rasti për të shprehur mirënjohjet dhe falënderimet e ngrohta, për gjithë ata që më kanë mbështetur e më kanë ndihmuar në realizimin e këtij punimi. Fillimisht, dëshiroj të shpreh falënderimet e veçanta dhe mirënjohjen time të thellë për udhëheqësin shkencor të tezës së doktoratës, prof. dr. Nebi Dervishin, i cili më ka orientuar, më ka këshilluar, më ka redaktuar, si dhe më ka mbështetur në të gjitha etapat e këtij punimi. Pa ndihmën e tij të sinqertë dhe profesionale, ky punim nuk do të kishte formën dhe përmbajtjen aktuale. Një falënderim të veçantë dëshiroj t’ua dedikoj edhe punonjësve të arkivave dhe të bibliotekave, me të cilët kam bashkëpunuar gjatë viteve në procesin e hulumtimit dhe të grumbullimit të materialeve përgjatë viteve. Së fundi, përfitoj nga rasti që të shpreh mirënjohjen për familjen time, që me angazhimin e saj maksimal dhe mbështetjen morale të pakursyer, më ka ndihmuar, duke më krijuar kushte optimale për lehtësimin e punës sime studimore. 6 ABSTRAKT Teza: “Ridalja e nacionalizmit serb pas vdekjes së Titos dhe forcimi i politikës antishqiptare në Kosovë dhe në Maqedoni në vitet 1981 - 1989", ka për qëllim që përmes një objektiviteti shkencor të shtjellojë zhvillimin e rrethanave dhe të faktorëve, që çuan në rishfaqjen e nacionalizmit serb në Republikën Socialiste Federative të Jugosllavisë (më tej: RSFJ), manifestimin e këtij nacionalizmi dhe pasojat, që ai prodhoi për popujt e tjerë jo serbë në Jugosllavi, me theks të veçantë në Kosovë e Maqedoni, si dhe reagimin, ballafaqimin dhe qëndrimin e shqiptarëve kundrejt një politike të tillë gjatë viteve 1981-1989. Shtjellimi i fenomenit të nacionalizmit serb është një temë e gjerë, trajtimi i së cilës kërkon një studim të thellë e shumëdimensional. Prandaj, teza fokusohet vetëm gjatë periudhës 1981-1989. Përzgjedhja e periudhës në fjalë nuk është e rastësishme. Ajo, në fakt, ngërthen në vete zhvillimin dhe rezultatet finale të nacionalizmit serb, që zanafillën e kishin në procesin e decentralizimit të RSFJ-së, autonominë e krahinave, sidomos të Kosovës, si dhe frikës nga shpërbërja e Jugosllavisë dhe humbjes së qëllimit tradicional të nacionalizmit serb – vendosjes së hegjemonisë serbe në RSFJ. Në këto rrethana, vdekja e Titos dhe demonstratat studentore të shqiptarëve të Kosovës, më 1981, ndezën zjarrin e kamufluar të nacionalizmit serb. Fjalët kyçe: Nacionalizmi, demonstratat, Shqipëria, Tito, autonomia, etj. 7 ABSTRACT Thesis: “The Reappearance of Serbian Nationalism after Tito’s death and strengthening of Anti-Albanian Policy in Kosovo and Macedonia during 1981-1989” aims to elaborate the development of circumstances and elements that led to reappearance of Serbian nationalism in the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia, its expression and consequences it produced against other non-Serb people in Yugoslavia, with a particular emphasis on Kosovo and Macedonia. In addition, the thesis also elaborates the reaction, confrontation and attitude of Albanians opposing such a policy during the year 1981-1989. The explanation of Serbian nationalism phenomenon is a wide topic that requires an in- depth and multidimensional study, therefore the thesis encompasses only the period 1981-1989. The selection of this period was not a random choice. In fact, the thesis embodies the development and final consequences deriving from Serbian nationalism, whose origin goes back to the process of disintegration of Yugoslavia, revocation of Kosovo’s autonomy, and implementation of last goal of Serbian nationalism – establishment of Serbian hegemony over the Yugoslavia. In such circumstances, Tito’s death and Kosovo Albanian student demonstrations in 1981 only ignited the covered fire of Serbian nationalism. Key words: Nationalism, demonstrations, Albania, Tito, autonomy, etc. 8 PARATHËNIE Teza: “Ridalja e nacionalizmit serb pas vdekjes së Titos dhe forcimi i politikës antishqiptare në Kosovë dhe Maqedoni në vitet 1981 - 1989", ka për qëllim që përmes një objektiviteti shkencor të shtjellojë zhvillimin e rrethanave dhe të faktorëve, që çuan në rishfaqjen e nacionalizmit serb në Republikën Socialiste Federative të Jugosllavisë, manifestimin e këtij nacionalizmi dhe pasojat, që ai prodhoi për popujt e tjerë jo serbë në Jugosllavi, me theks të veçantë në Kosovë e Maqedoni, si dhe reagimin, ballafaqimin dhe qëndrimin e shqiptarëve kundrejt një politike të tillë gjatë viteve 1981-1989. Nacionalizmi serb është një fenomen shumë kompleks, që gërsheton
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