BASKETBALL STUDY GUIDE HISTORY Basketball was an unintentionally invented game in 1891 by James Naismith at the YMCA Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts. The game combined parts of games including soccer and lacrosse as well as the childhood game Duck on a Rock. When originally developed basketball was played using a soccer ball and two peach baskets nailed to a balcony railing ten feet high. The final score of the first ever basketball game was 1­0, with the only point being scored by William Chase. The basket was made from 25 feet, a half­court shot (the first game was played on a 50 X 35 foot floor). The original game consisted of 13 rules. After each basket was scored the game would have to stop for the referee to climb up and retrieve the ball from the basket. Wooden backboards were put on the baskets in 1896 so fans could not interfere with game play. Open rims eventually replaced the baskets in order to eliminate climbing a ladder every time a point was scored and nets as well to help the officials know that the ball had gone through the rim. The first games did not have a limit on the players able to be on the court and at times up to 50 players were on the court. Five players on each side of the court was decided on by 1900. Until the 1930’s an actual jump ball was used after each basket was scored. The first professional game was played in 1896 in Trenton New Jersey when a team was not allowed to play at the YMCA and the team decided to rent out a Masonic Hall and charge admission for the game. The first pro league formed in 1898.The National Basketball League was formed in 1937 made up of teams sponsored by companies as well as independent teams. Then in 1949 after WWII a push to develop a nationwide league led to the birth of the NBA.

DIMENSIONS 1. Overall court dimensions a. NBA and College – 94 feet long by 50 feet wide b. High School – 84 feet long by 50 feet wide c. Junior High – 74 feet long by 42 feet wide 2. Foul Line – 15 feet from the foul line to the front of the backboard. 3. Key – (Also referred to as the “lane”) 12 feet wide a. Backboard extends 4 feet over baseline into the Key b. A 6 foot arc extends from the foul line away from the basket 4. 3 Point Line – 19 feet 9 inches with straight line extended 5 feet 3 inches from the baseline, past those points the line extends 19 feet 9 inches from the center of the rim. 5. Backboard and Rim a. Rim i. Distance from ground to top of the rim is 10 feet ii. All rims are 18 inches in diameter b. Backboard i. 6 feet wide by 42 inches tall. ii. Inner square on the backboard is 24 inches wide by 18 inches tall. RULES 1. A game is played in four eight minute periods, with a half time between the second and third period. 2. Two points are awarded for all baskets made from inside the three point arc, three points are awarded for all baskets made outside three point arc. One point is awarded for all free­throw shots given as a result of fouls. 3. A shooting foul is awarded when: A. Shooter is fouled while in the process of shooting, if the basket is missed two shots are awarded for shots taken inside three point arc, three for shots taken outside of the three point arc. One shot is awarded when shooter is fouled while in the process of shooting, if the basket is made, only one shot is awarded. B. The opposing teams' number of fouls reaches a total of 7, a one on one shooting opportunity is awarded. If the first shot is made a second shot is given, when a team has this advantage it is referred to as being in "bonus". When the opposing teams' fouls reach a total of 10 two shots are automatically awarded, this is then referred to as "double bonus". 4. It is a violation occurs and ball possession is given to the opposing team when: A. A foul is committed, and no free­throws are awarded. B. A travel is committed ­ a violation that occurs when a player takes steps while holding the ball. C. A double dribble occurs­A violation that occurs when a player dribbles the ball with two hands simultaneously or stops dribbling and then dribbles again. D. A carry occurs ­ Also called “palming;” a violation committed by a dribbler that involves placing the dribbling hand under the ball and momentarily holding or carrying it while dribbling. E. An over and back occurs ­ when ball has crossed the center line and then player steps into the back court while having possession of the ball and crosses the half court line. F. The ball is not in­bounded within five seconds of receiving the ball from the referee. G. The ball is not brought across the half court line within ten seconds of in­ bounding the ball H. An offensive player stays in the lane, without stepping out longer than three seconds, count restarts if a shot is taken.

TERMS 1. assist: the last pass to a teammate that leads directly to a field goal; the scorer must move immediately toward the basket for the passer to be credited with an assist; only 1 assist can be credited per field goal. 2. backcourt: the area from the midcourt line to the end line furthest from the offense's basket. 3. bank shot: a shot where the ball is first bounced (or banked) off the backboard at such an angle that it then drops into the basket. 4. blocked shot: the successful deflection of a shot by touching part of the ball on its way to the basket, thereby preventing a field goal. 5. blocking: the use of a defender's body position to illegally prevent an opponent's advance; the opposite of charging. 6. boxing out: a player's attempt to position his body between his opponents and the basket to get rebounds and prevent the opponents from doing so. 7. center circle: the circular area at midcourt from which jump balls are taken. 8.charging: an offensive foul which occurs when an offensive player runs into a defender who has established position. 9. dead ball: any ball that is not live; occurs after each successful field goal or free­ throw attempt, after any official's whistle or if the ball leaves the court; it stops play which is then resumed by a jump ball, throw­in or free­throw. 10. defense: the act of preventing the offense from scoring; the team without the ball. 11. defensive rebound: a rebound of an opponent's missed shot. 12. double team: when two teammates join efforts in guarding a single opponent. 13. downcourt or down the court: the direction a team on offense moves, from its backcourt into its frontcourt and towards its own basket. 14. elbowing: it is a violation if a player vigorously or excessively swings his elbows, even if there is no contact; it is a foul if contact is made, and an automatic ejection if that contact is above shoulder level. 15. end line: the boundary line behind each basket; also called the baseline. 16. fake or feint: a deceptive move to throw a defender off balance and allow an offensive player to shoot or receive a pass; players use their eyes, head or any other part of the body to trick an opponent. 17. fast break: also called the run­and­shoot offense, it begins with a defensive rebound by a player who immediately sends an outlet pass toward midcourt to his waiting teammates; these teammates can sprint to their basket and quickly shoot before enough opponents catch up to stop them. 18. field goal: when the ball enters the basket from above during play; worth 2 points, or 3 points if the shooter was standing behind the 3­point line. 19. flagrant foul: unnecessary or excessive contact against an opponent. 20. forwards: the 2 players on the court for a team who are usually smaller than the center and bigger than the guards; often a team's highest scorers. 21. foul: actions by players which break the rules but are not floor violations; penalized by a change in possession or free­throw opportunities; see personal foul or technical foul. 22. free­throw: an unguarded shot taken from the foul line by a player whose opponent committed a personal or technical foul; it is worth 1 point. 23. frontcourt: the area between the midcourt line and the end line closest to the offense's basket. 24. full­court press: when defenders start guarding the offense in the backcourt. 25. guards: the 2 players on each team who are the smallest on the court; they usually handle setting up plays and passing to teammates closer to the basket. 26. guarding: the act of following an opponent around the court to prevent him from getting close to the basket, taking an open shot or making easy an pass, while avoiding illegal contact. 27. half­court or set offense: when a team takes the time to develop a play in its frontcourt, such as the give­and­go or a screening play; opposite of fast break. 28. jump ball: 2 opposing players jump for a ball an official tosses above and between them, to tap it to their teammates and gain possession; used to start the game (tip­off) and all overtime periods, and sometimes to restart play. 29. layup or layin: a shot taken after driving to the basket by leaping up under the basket and using one hand to drop the ball directly into the basket (layin) or to bank the ball off the backboard into it (layup). 30. man­to­man defense: the defensive style where each defensive player is responsible for guarding one opponent. 31. offense: the team with possession of the ball. 32. offensive rebound: a rebound of a team's own missed shot. 33. officials: the crew chief, referee and umpire who control the game, stop and start play, and impose penalties for violations and fouls. 35. open: when a player is unguarded by a defender. 36. overtime or OT: the extra period(s) played after a regulation game ends tied. 37. pass: when a passer throws the ball to a teammate; used to start plays, move the ball downcourt, keep it away from defenders and get it to a shooter. 38. passer: the player who passes the ball to a teammate. 39. period: any quarter, half or overtime segment. 40. perimeter: the area beyond the foul circle away from the basket, including 3­point line, from which players take long­range shots. 41. personal foul: contact between players that may result in injury or provide one team with an unfair advantage; players may not push, hold, trip, hack, elbow, restrain or charge into an opponent; these are also counted as team fouls. 42. picked off: refers to a defender who has been successfully prevented from reaching the ball handler by an offensive screen. 43. pivot: a center; also the foot that must remain touching the floor until a ball handler who has stopped dribbling is ready to pass or shoot. 44. possession: to be holding or in control of the ball. 45. rebound: when a player grabs a ball that is coming off the rim or backboard after a shot attempt; see offensive rebound and defensive rebound. 46. receiver: the player who receives a pass from the ball handler. 47. roster: the list of players on a team. 48. screen or screener: the offensive player who stands between a teammate and a defender to gives his teammate the chance to take an open shot. 49. shooter: a player who takes a shot at the basket. 50. substitute: a player who comes into the game to replace a player on the court. 51. technical fouls or Ts: procedural violations and misconduct that officials believe are detrimental to the game; penalized by a single free­throw opportunity to the non­ offending team (2 free­throws and possession in college). 52. throw­in: the method by which a team with possession inbounds the ball. 53. tip­off: the initial jump ball that starts the game. 54. transition: the shift from offense to defense. 55. traveling: a floor violation when the ball handler takes too many steps without dribbling; also called walking. .