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Broccoli From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Main page For other uses, see Broccoli (disambiguation). Contents is an edible green in the family, whose large head is used as Featured content Broccoli a vegetable. The word broccoli, from the Italian plural of , refers to "the flowering top Broccoli Current events broccolo [3] Random article of a cabbage". Broccoli is usually boiled or steamed but may be eaten raw and has [4] Donate to Wikipedia become popular as a raw vegetable in hors d'œuvre trays. The may also be eaten. Wikimedia Shop Broccoli is classified in the Italica group of the species oleracea. Broccoli has large flower heads, usually green in color, arranged in a -like structure on branches Interaction from a thick, edible stalk. The mass of flower heads is surrounded by leaves. Help Broccoli most closely resembles , which is a different cultivar group of the same About Wikipedia species. Community portal Broccoli Recent changes Broccoli a result of careful breeding of cultivated leafy cole crops in the Northern [5] Contact page Mediterranean in about the 6th century BCE. Since the Roman Empire, broccoli has been Details considered a uniquely valuable food among Italians.[6] Broccoli was brought to England from Species Toolbox Antwerp in the mid-18th century by Peter Scheemakers.[7] Broccoli was first introduced to Cultivar group Italica Group Print/export the United States by Italian immigrants but did not become widely known there until the Origin From Italy (2,000 years [1][2] 1920s.[8] ago) Languages Contents [hide] 1 Nutrition Bân-lâm-gú 2 Varieties Български 3 Production 3.1 Cultivation Bosanski 4 Gallery Català 5 References Česky 6 External links Dansk Deutsch Nutrition [ edit source | edit beta ]

Broccoli is high in and ; it also contains multiple nutrients with potent Diné bizaad Broccoli, raw (edible parts) anti-cancer properties, such as diindolylmethane and small amounts of selenium.[9] A single Ελληνικά Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz) serving provides more than 30 mg of vitamin C and a half-cup provides 52 mg of vitamin Español Energy 141 kJ (34 kcal) C.[10] The 3,3'-Diindolylmethane found in broccoli is a potent modulator of the innate immune Esperanto Carbohydrates 6.64 g response system with anti-viral, anti-bacterial and anti-cancer activity.[11][12] Broccoli also Euskara - 1.7 g contains the compound , which can be processed into an anti-cancer - Dietary fiber 2.6 g Français compound , though the benefits of broccoli are greatly reduced if the vegetable Fat 0.37 g is boiled.[13] Broccoli is also an excellent source of indole-3-carbinol, a chemical which Gaeilge 2.82 g [14][15] Protein Gaelg boosts DNA repair in cells and appears to block the growth of cancer cells. Water 89.3 g Galego Boiling broccoli reduces the levels of suspected anti-carcinogenic compounds, such as equiv. 31 µg (4%) 한국어 sulforaphane, with losses of 20–30% after five minutes, 40–50% after ten minutes, and 77% - beta-carotene 361 µg (3%) Hornjoserbsce [13] [16] after thirty minutes. However, other preparation methods such as steaming, - lutein and zeaxanthin 1403 µg Hrvatski [13] microwaving, and stir frying had no significant effect on the compounds. Thiamine (vit. B ) 0.071 mg (6%) Ilokano 1 Broccoli has the highest levels of carotenoids in the brassica family.[17] It is particularly rich Riboflavin (vit. B ) 0.117 mg (10%) Bahasa Indonesia 2 [17] Niacin (vit. B ) 0.639 mg (4%) Íslenska in lutein and also provides a modest amount of beta-carotene. 3 Italiano Pantothenic acid (B5) 0.573 mg (11%) [ edit source | edit beta ] (Varieties Vitamin B6 0.175 mg (13% עברית Basa Jawa Folate (vit. B9) 63 µg (16%) There are three commonly grown types of broccoli. The most familiar is Calabrese broccoli, Vitamin C 89.2 mg (107%) Қазақша often referred to simply as "broccoli", named after Calabria in Italy. It has large (10 to 20 cm) Vitamin E 0.78 mg (5%) Kreyòl ayisyen green heads and thick stalks. It is a cool season annual crop. Sprouting broccoli has a 101.6 µg (97%) Latviešu larger number of heads with many thin stalks. Purple cauliflower is a type of broccoli sold in Lietuvių southern Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom. It has a head shaped like cauliflower, but 47 mg (5%) Ligure consisting of tiny flower . It sometimes, but not always, has a purple cast to the tips of Iron 0.73 mg (6%) Magyar the flower buds. Magnesium 21 mg (6%)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broccoli[9/3/2013 12:37:49 PM] Broccoli - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Manganese 0.21 mg (10%) Other cultivar groups of Brassica oleracea include cabbage (Capitata Group), cauliflower and (Botrytis Group), and greens (), Phosphorus 66 mg (9%) Bahasa Melayu (Gongylodes Group), and Brussels sprouts (Gemmifera Group). Chinese broccoli (Alboglabra Potassium 316 mg (7%) Nederlands Zinc 0.41 mg (4%) Group) is also a cultivar group of Brassica oleracea.[18] Rapini, sometimes called "broccoli 日本語 Link to USDA Database entry rabe" among other names, forms similar but smaller heads, and is actually a type of turnip Percentages are roughly approximated Norsk bokmål (Brassica rapa). or "Tender Stem Broccoli" is a cross between broccoli and using US recommendations for adults. Norsk nynorsk Source: USDA Nutrient Database Chinese broccoli.

Polski Production [ edit source | edit beta ] Português Română In North America, production is primarily in California. Русский Sicilianu Top ten and broccoli producers—11 June 2008 Simple English Country Production (tonnes) Footnote Slovenčina People's Republic of China 8,585,000 F Slovenščina India 5,014,500 United States 1,240,710 Broccoli in a nursery. Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / Spain 450,100 српскохрватски Italy 433,252 Basa Sunda France 370,000 F Suomi Svenska Mexico 305,000 F Tagalog Poland 277,200 Pakistan 209,000 F Cauliflower and broccoli output in 2005 United Kingdom 186,400

Türkçe World 19,107,751 Українська No symbol = official figure, F = FAO estimate Source: Food And Agricultural Organization of United Nations: Economic And Social Department: The Tiếng Việt Statistical Division 粵語 中文 Edit links Cultivation [ edit source | edit beta ] Broccoli is a cool-weather crop that does poorly in hot summer weather. Broccoli grows best when exposed to an average daily temperature between 18 and 23 °C (64 and 73 °F).[19] When the cluster of , also referred to as a "head" of broccoli, appear in the center of the plant, the cluster is green. Garden pruners or shears are used to cut the head about an inch from the tip. Broccoli should be harvested before the flowers on the head bloom bright yellow.[20] While the heading broccoli performs poorly in hot weather, mainly due to insects infestation, the sprouting variety is more resistant, though attention must be paid to sucking insects (such as aphids), caterpillars and whiteflies. Spraying of bacillus thuringiensis can control caterpillar attacks, while a citronella vase may ward off whiteflies.[21]

Gallery [ edit source | edit beta ]

Close-ups of broccoli florets Sicilian Purple Broccoli A of a Broccoli plant

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broccoli[9/3/2013 12:37:49 PM] Broccoli - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Romanesco broccoli (actually a cauliflower Broccoli flowers Broccoli in flower Steamed broccoli cultivar), showing fractal forms

References [ edit source | edit beta ]

1. ^ Buck, P. A (1956). "Origin and of broccoli" . 0419-0 Economic 10 (3): 250–253. Retrieved 2012-04-24. 11. ^ "Diindolylmethane Information Resource Center at the University 2. ^ Stephens, James. "Broccoli—Brassica oleracea L. (Italica of California, Berkeley" . Retrieved 2007-06-10. group)" . University of Florida. p. 1. Retrieved 2009-05-14. 12. ^ "Diindolylmethane Immune Activation Data Center" . Retrieved 3. ^ "broccoli" . Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary (11th ed.). 2007-06-10. p. 156. ISBN 978-0-87779-809-5. Retrieved 24 August 2009. 13. ^ a b c Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick (15 May 4. ^ "Broccoli Leaves Are Edible" . Garden Betty. Retrieved 8 May 2007). "Research Says Boiling Broccoli Ruins Its Anti Cancer 2013. Properties." . 5. ^ Maggioni, Lorenzo; von Bothmer., R., Poulesen, G., Branca, F. 14. ^ "Broccoli chemical's cancer check" . BBC News. 7 February (2010). "Origin and Domestication of Cole Crops (Brassica 2006. Retrieved 5 September 2010. oleracea L.): Linguistic and Literary Considerations". Economic 15. ^ "How Dietary Supplement May Block Cancer Cells" . Science Botany 64 (2): 109–123. Daily. 30 June 2010. Retrieved 5 September 2010. 6. ^ Nonnecke, Ib (November 1989). Vegetable Production . 16. ^ "Maximizing The Anti-Cancer Power of Broccoli" . Science Springer-Verlag New York, LLC. p. 394. ISBN 978-0-442-26721-6. Daily. 5 April 2005. 7. ^ Smith,J.T. Nollekins and His Times, 1829 vol. 2:101: 17. ^ a b "Breeding Better Broccoli: Research Points To Pumped Up "Scheemakers, on his way to England, visited his birth-place, Lutein Levels In Broccoli" . Science Daily. 8 November 2009. bringing with him several [sic] of brocoli, a dish till then little Retrieved 5 September 2010. known in perfection at our tables." 18. ^ Dixon, G.R. (2007). Vegetable and related crucifers. 8. ^ Denker, Joel (2003). The world on a plate . U of Nebraska Wallingford: CABI. ISBN 978-0-85199-395-9. Press. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-8032-6014-6. Retrieved 24 April 2012. 19. ^ Smith, Powell (June 1999). "HGIC 1301 Broccoli" . Clemson 9. ^ "WHFoods: Broccoli" . George Mateljan Foundation. Retrieved University. Retrieved 25 August 2009. 2009-05-11. 20. ^ Liptay, Albert (1988). "Broccoli". World Book, Inc. 10. ^ Understanding Nutrition, Eleanor N. Whitney and Eva M. N. 21. ^ Takeguma, Massahiro (26 May 2013). "Cultivo da Couve Brócolis Hamilton, Table H, supplement, page 373 Table 1, ISBN 0-8299- (Growing Sprouting Broccoli)" .

External links [ edit source | edit beta ]

PROTAbase on Brassica oleracea (cauliflower and broccoli) List of North American broccoli , USDA/ARS Vegetable Laboratory Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Broccoli

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broccoli[9/3/2013 12:37:49 PM]