DOCSLIB.ORG

Watershed/Urban Regeneration in Accord with Nature （（自然共生型流域圏・都市の再生）自然共生型流域圏・都市の再生） 1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Watershed/Urban Regeneration in Accord with Nature （（自然共生型流域圏・都市の再生）自然共生型流域圏・都市の再生） 1 Watershed/Urban Regeneration 場所：大韓民國 建設交通部 國際會議室 in Accord with Nature 日時：２００２．５．１０ １４：００ （（自然共生型流域圏・都市再生）自然共生型流域圏・都市再生） 2002.5.10 場所：大韓民國 仁川大學校 Director, Environmental Department, 韓國水資源學會 學術發表會 National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management (NILIM), 日時：２００２．５．１１ １０：３０ Ministry of Land, infrastructure and Transportation(MLIT), Katsuhide YOSHIKAWA Dr.Eng. （（吉川勝秀）吉川勝秀） Ⅰ.The Relationship between Water, Rives, Nature and Man & Civilization （（水、川、自然と人、文明との係わり）水、川、自然と人、文明との係わり） 1.A Look at the Cites and Rivers Ⅰ 1. A Look at the Cites and 1)Japan Rivers 2)World 2.Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow （（都市と川を眺める）都市と川を眺める） Ⅱ.Watershed/Urban Regeneration in Accord with Nature （（自然共生型流域圏・都市の再生）自然共生型流域圏・都市の再生） 1. Adopted as a National R&D Initiative 2. Examples of Outcome Population (Thousand) 日本の人口急増 Tokyo; Sumida River（（隅田川）隅田川） in a certain era Rapid Japan Increase France England years • In the year 1900 The population as same as France and U.K. • In the year 2000 2 times more than France and England (around 1970 when water quality deteriorated) Land subsidence →Flood barrier for high tide （（地盤沈下地盤沈下 Scenery of present Sumida River in Tokyo →高潮堤防） （（隅田川の現況）隅田川の現況） -Urban Renewal and Super-Levee & River Walk Construction- Tokyo; Nihon-bashi River（（日本橋川）日本橋川） -symbolic river of Tokyo in 400 years/ discussion of digging highway- Tents of the open air life people in the river walkway （（リバー・ウォークの野リバー・ウォークの野 外生活者のテント） Highway of the riverside （（河畔の高速道路）河畔の高速道路） 1956 before the Tokyo Olympic （（オリンピック前の橋）オリンピック前の橋） Even with the Nihon-bashi River.…. →Many highways over other rivers（（日本橋川ですら→全国に）日本橋川ですら→全国に） 「空撮Ｐｒｏ Ａｔｌａｓ 東京２３区」（株アルプス社）より present Present and in the Future Tokyo; Kanda River（（東京・神田川）東京・神田川） （（現状と将来像）現状と将来像）現状と将来像） -River restoration/the urban restoration headquarters- advance future Present Future From 「Tokyo River （東京都都市計画局資料より） in the future」 Tokyo; Shibuya River（（東京・渋谷川）東京・渋谷川） Kyoto; Kamo River -River restoration/the urban restoration headquarters- （（京都・鴨川）京都・鴨川） -city for 1000 years- （night view） Hiroshima; Oota River（（広島・太田川）広島・太田川） River in Rural District; Shimanto River（（地方部の川；四万十川）地方部の川；四万十川） The green belt and river walk（（河畔緑地、河畔歩道）河畔緑地、河畔歩道） (Restoration plan just after the war/ perfect destruction by atomic bomb) London; Thems River （（ロンドン・テームズ川）ロンドン・テームズ川） The 1st world exposition(1851) More than hundred years ago…… Slow Sand Filtration(around 1830)/ Flash –away Type Sewerage(1848) Paris; Seine River（（パリ・セーヌ川）パリ・セーヌ川） Roma; Tevere River（（ローマ・ローマ・ テベレ川） -The city for 2 thousand years- ・River Walks ・Sightseeing City in the world ・The Paris large Reconstruction (1853~70) ・Flash –away Type Sewerage(1880)→Treatment by Soil Bacteria of Farm-land(1890) Highway ・ From 7 hills/ Riverside was reclaimed/ River Walks Firenze; Arno River Berlin; Spree River （（フィレンチェ；アルノ川）フィレンチェ；アルノ川） （（ベルリン；シュプレー川）ベルリン；シュプレー川） - The City from Renaissance 1400~ - Many river studies by Reonald da Vinci / in his 40s Duesseldorf; Rhine River Köln; Rhine River （（デュッセルドルフ；ライン川）デュッセルドルフ；ライン川） （（ケルン；ライン川）ケルン；ライン川） Digging Riverside ・Setting up Autobahn, 1979~82 the temporal （（高速道路の地下化）高速道路の地下化） Before Digging Autobahn flood wall (高速道路の地下化) against flood (from 1989,4 years ) ・Let it be After Digging, in the Winter of 1995 Bostn; Charles River（（ボストン；チャールズ川）ボストン；チャールズ川） U.K(Liverpool, Manchester); Mersey River Basin（（イギリス；マージ川流域）イギリス；マージ川流域） ・The river has been Long history on river & water front polluted most in restoration（（河川・水辺再生の長い河川・水辺再生の長い Europe after the 歴史） Industrial Revolution. (From rivers to Boston Harbor) ・Restoration of Economy, Restoration of Watershed= “Mersey River Basin Campaign” （（マージ川流域キャマージ川流域キャ ンペーン） 「デザインされた都市:ボストン」、神田・小林、１９９１より Big Dig of the Highway, which blocks the ・ Restoration of Economy, Restoration of Watershed way for downtown and water front. ・Action Plan for 25 years （（水辺解放；高速道路の地下化）水辺解放；高速道路の地下化） ・600 NGO, 3 NPO, Administrations, Enterprises Shanghai(上海); 黄浦江 1300+300=1600 (2010→2480) ・Land subsidence→high tide disaster / Terrace on flood tide barrier→sightseeing spot ・An economy special district behind opposite bank Wuhan(武漢市); Cháng Jiáng(長江) The Key-station of the Cháng Jiáng Food Protection（（長江治水の長江治水の -Important Embankment(high wall )- 拠点）＝荊江大堤防 (Retarding basins(分洪区） at the opposite 700 side of the river. ) Three Gorge Dam Construction Site (三峡ダム建設現場、1997) Model of dam and channel A lock gate downstream at the existing dam Removal Site ・230 million people damaged by the flood inundation in 1997 ・100 million people upstream the ・4 million people be moved for the restoration of flood retarding dam(上流に１億人が居住、四川省). capacity and re-forest. • １９９７．江主席陣頭指揮／訪日・訪露延期 ・More than 1 million people be • ２億３千万人２億３千万人浸水被害 （２．８兆円、３００４人死浸水被害 （２．８兆円、３００４人死） moved（（百万人以上の移転）百万人以上の移転） • ４百万人移転；遊水地復元／森林化 Bangkok; Chao Phraya River (ソウル；漢江) Seoul; Hangang （（バンコク；チャオプラヤ川）バンコク；チャオプラヤ川） >1000 1000 Singapore; Singapore River Hong Kong（（香港）香港）; 沙田 （（シンガポール；シンガポール川）シンガポール；シンガポール川） ・City Planning: Singapore Model 300→ 400 City Planning : Hong Kong Model ・Restoration of river/ purification of river water ・Garden Islands; 70~80% of country nationalized 600→700 Ⅰ 2. Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow （（これまでの時代、これかの時代）これまでの時代、これかの時代） 〇 Temperature 〇 Sea Level up about 100 meters continuously Temperature declined for long (℃) time ○T highest 100 10 0 ×1000 years around 6000 years ago 600 0 ×1000 (縄文の海進の時代/ ヒプシ・サーマル） 0 years Temperature ○Small ice age about change(℃) several hundred 100 4 years ago 50 ○Global warming meters recently 0 Sea縄文の海進 Level up 100 （33~5m～5ｍ上） 10000 6000 0 years Sea Level up about 100 meter Temperature Change in 10000 years（１（１万年の気温変化）万年の気温変化） （（海面や約１００メートル上昇）海面や約１００メートル上昇） years ０ １００００ ５０００ years ８０００ ３０００ ０ １０００ ２０００ １００００ ５０００ ０ ＢＣ ＡＤ 1.１．四大文明 4 Civilization かんがい農業Irrigation ８０００ ３０００ ０ １０００ ２０００ （１）メソポタミアとそ （BC.6000） Noah ＢＣ ＡＤ の周辺（中東） (1)Mesopotamia Eden Kinkha Flood Desert 最古の都市エリコ エデンの園 カナンへ ノアの洪水 砂漠化 Reclamation of Oldest（農耕、牧畜） City （BC.6000～5000） （BC.3500） （BC.2800） （BC.9000） Hunting,Picking Shell Mound Rice Marshy Land/ シュメール：ギルガメッシュ伝説シュメール：ギルガメッシュ伝説（森の番人，牛，大洪水）（森の番人，牛，大洪水） ３．日本3. Japan 狩猟，採取 貝塚 コメ 湿地に進出／３度 Sumer/ Gilgamesh Description(Forest God,Cows,Flood) （BC.4000） （BC.400） Swamp ,3 Times 旧約聖書 の列島改造 (2)Egypt 砂漠化 （AD.50,1550,1850） （２）エジプト Old Testament 河川かんがい農業（エジプト）Irrigation 砂漠化Desert Joumon Culture (縄文文化) （BC.3500） Mohenjo daro/Hrappa Desert (3)Indus（３）インダス ハラッパ，／モヘンジョ・ダロ（インダス） （BC.2500） 4.４．西欧 Europe (4)China（４）中国 Cháng Jiáng Yellow River Highland Roma Period / Reclamation 長江 黄河文明 〇・・オランダオランダHolland Hunting,Fishing Settlement Landfill Riceコメ、マユ 麦→コメWheat,Rice 狩人、漁師 高地定住 ローマ時代／土塁 Lowland干拓 ・フランス，ドイツ （ ～ ） （ ） （BC.5000） （BC.4500） BC.10000 4000 BC.4000 （BC.,AD.0） （AD.1000） 〇 France,Germany 2.２．サハラ砂漠 Sahara Water and Green Earth Record of Gallia War/Caesar 水と緑の大地 Forest Elephant,Hippopotamus Cow,Sheep Camel Desert砂漠 ガリア戦記 ゾウ、カバ、サイ 牛、羊 ラクダ Roman saw uncivilized（ローマ人の見た未開の川、森林） River,Forest Felling （BC.8000） （BC.4000） （BC.500） （BC.50） 気 気 タッシリ・ナジェール（トアレグ語：水流のある大地／洞窟壁画） Temperature （縄文海進） 温 Tassili n’Ajjer/Earth with Flow/Wall Painting change 小氷期 変 （縄文海進） Temperature化 小氷期 (℃) （ change ℃ Sea level up (℃)） Sea level up 3~5 m 3~5 m １００００年の変化 １００００年の変化 海面上昇 海面上昇 Sea level low 100 m Sea海面が１００ｍ低 level low 100 m （平安海進） Fig.1(a)図 １（ａ） １万年の目 Changes in 10000 years （平安海進） Fig.1(b) Changes in 10000 years ２ １ ０ ０ ５ ０ ０ BC ０ ０ ０ AD ０ Population Increase in 2000 years 中 南 北 呉 新 秦 華 清 明 戦 春 × 人 宋 宋 南 Population ( million) 人 宋 宋 唐 隋 国 秋 民 北 蜀 後 前 中 共 元 朝 漢 漢 時 時 国 和 代 代 国 魏 ●A.D.1 0.6 Million 渤海 ●1000 7 楽浪郡 古朝鮮 朝 高 統 高句麗 韓 国 100 ●1600 10 大 鮮 麗 一 （ 大 朝（ 韓 新 百済 馬韓 ●1700 30 民 羅 新羅 辰韓 鮮 国 「 ） 弁韓 稲「 ●1900 40 作 飛 伝 ● 来 2000 127 日 江 室 鎌 平 奈 古 弥 縄 奈 鳥 弥 」 本 戸 町 倉 安 良 墳 生 文 日 国 時 時 時 時 時 時 代 時 時 時 本 50 代 代 代 代 代 代 代 代 Population increased due to floodplain development for long time History of China, Korea and Japan 中国、韓国、日本歴史年表中国、韓国、日本歴史年表 0 1000 2000 （「図説・韓国の歴史」：金両基監修、美徳相、鄭早苗、中山隆編（１９８８）より。簡略化） years ２０００年の人口増加（日本） Population(×million) Population (Thousand) 人口 急激な人口増加 ○紀元前４世ＢＣ 4 50; 0.7 ○１５５０年：１０６０万人1550; 10.6 100１億 紀： １６万人Century; ○西暦５０年：７０万人 耕地面積１００００ｋｍ２ 人 1st Development 2nd Development 0.16 第１次列島改造of Islands 第２次列島改造of Islands 50５千 万人 （大河川の整備による （古代国家成立、小河川沿川の水田 （大河川の整備による 水田開発） 開発） 水田開発） ０ １０００ 西暦（年）years ２０００ Rapid 1700; 30 ○２００年：２５０万人 Increase （溜池の時代） 29500km2 Japan ○８００年：６００万人 耕地面積８５００ｋｍ２ ○１８５０年：３０００万人1850; 30 耕地面積３００００ｋｍ２ France ＜２０００年の変化；３回の 3rd Development of 第３次列島改造Islands 日本列島改造＞ （近代河川整備による国家建設, 耕地面積３００００ｋｍ２） England 2000;125 □□適地開田の時代適地開田の時代 years □□大平野開田の時代大平野開田の時代 ・荘園解体／太閤検地 □□大化の改新大化の改新 ・「山川の掟」 ・土地公有化 ・土地永代売買禁止の解除 ・荘園乱立 ・二毛作 □□沼沢地開田の時代沼沢地開田の時代 ・国家資本導入／地租改正 ・農地改革 • In the year 1900 The population as same as France and U.K. Fig.2 Changes in 2000 years ・減反政策、コメの自由化 • In the year 2000 2 times more than France and England Number of＜少子化＞ Children Decreasing（（少子化）少子化） 日本は、「人口減少」Japan; Population Decrease, Elderly ー少子化、高齢化ーLittle Child/ Large elderly People 10 Thousand People Birth Rate Birth Society composed largely of elderly （（日本；人口減少、少子・高齢化）日本；人口減少、少子・高齢化） Children People（（高齢化）高齢化） Population (Thousand) ( Ratio of elderly people) Birth number Italy (%) Japan China Japan Rapid years Korea USA Germany Decrease Italy France England Japan Sweden 概ね終戦のAlmost Germany Sweden France 頃の人口に50 years England France Korea ago England USA China years years Africa Population (Billion) Population Asia “Demographic Explosion of 30 Billions” （”アジア３０億人 ●Developed Countries; の爆発“） Stable or Decrease Latin America ●Developing Countries; Advanced Demographic Explosion Country years ●World; Demographic Population in the World（（世界の人口）世界の人口） (Estimated by United Explosion Nations,Medium, 1992) Ⅰ.The Relationship between Water, Rives, Nature and Man & Civilization Ⅱ 1.Adopted as a National R&D （（（水、川、自然と人、文明との係わり）水、川、自然と人、文明との係わり） Initiative （（国家研究開発イニシアティブ）国家研究開発イニシアティブ） Ⅱ.Watershed/Urban Regeneration in Accord with Nature （（（自然共生型流域圏・都市の再生）自然共生型流域圏・都市の再生） 1.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Grand Opening of MIYASHITA PARK Scheduled for June 2020
    January 20, 2020 Shibuya City For immediate release Mitsui Fudosan Co., Ltd. <New mixed-use project integrating a park, retail facility, and hotel> Grand Opening of MIYASHITA PARK Scheduled for June 2020 A 330-meter-long in total, low-rise, mixed-use facility connecting neighborhoods around Shibuya as a “vertical urban park” Tokyo, Japan, January 20, 2020—Mitsui Fudosan Co., Ltd., a leading global real estate company headquartered in Tokyo, and the Shibuya City Office announced today that the city block where the New Miyashita Park Redevelopment Project is under way in Shibuya 1-chome and Jingumae 6-chome in Shibuya City will be called MIYASHITA PARK. Construction of MIYASHITA PARK is scheduled for completion in April 2020 and the grand opening is slated for June. Bird’s eye view of MIYASHITA PARK Entrance to the south block of MIYASHITA PARK <Main points of the MIYASHITA PARK project> 1) The project is the first public-private partnership (PPP)*1 between the Shibuya City Office and Mitsui Fudosan that utilizes the new “vertical urban park system” in Shibuya City. It is a new mixed-use project that integrates a park and parking lot, which are existing city facilities, with a retail facility and hotel. Its purpose is to create a safe and secure environment in Miyashita Park, Shibuya City that enhances the vibrance of the local area. 2) In addition to the park’s existing popular facilities like the skate park and climbing wall, a new multipurpose sports facility with a sand-coated surface and a plaza with a lawn spanning approximately 1,000 m2 will be set up for events.
    [Show full text]
  • Representations of Pleasure and Worship in Sankei Mandara Talia J
    Mapping Sacred Spaces: Representations of Pleasure and Worship in Sankei mandara Talia J. Andrei Submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Columbia University 2016 © 2016 Talia J.Andrei All rights reserved Abstract Mapping Sacred Spaces: Representations of Pleasure and Worship in Sankei Mandara Talia J. Andrei This dissertation examines the historical and artistic circumstances behind the emergence in late medieval Japan of a short-lived genre of painting referred to as sankei mandara (pilgrimage mandalas). The paintings are large-scale topographical depictions of sacred sites and served as promotional material for temples and shrines in need of financial support to encourage pilgrimage, offering travelers worldly and spiritual benefits while inspiring them to donate liberally. Itinerant monks and nuns used the mandara in recitation performances (etoki) to lead audiences on virtual pilgrimages, decoding the pictorial clues and touting the benefits of the site shown. Addressing themselves to the newly risen commoner class following the collapse of the aristocratic order, sankei mandara depict commoners in the role of patron and pilgrim, the first instance of them being portrayed this way, alongside warriors and aristocrats as they make their way to the sites, enjoying the local delights, and worship on the sacred grounds. Together with the novel subject material, a new artistic language was created— schematic, colorful and bold. We begin by locating sankei mandara’s artistic roots and influences and then proceed to investigate the individual mandara devoted to three sacred sites: Mt. Fuji, Kiyomizudera and Ise Shrine (a sacred mountain, temple and shrine, respectively).
    [Show full text]
  • Urban Planning Proposal for Areas Surrounding Shibuya Station (Plan)
    January 23, 2013 Urban planning proposal for areas surrounding Shibuya Station (plan) Tokyu Corporation East Japan Railway Company Tokyo Metro Co., Ltd. Dogenzaka 1-chome Station Front Redevelopment Preparation Association Tokyu Land Corporation Starting with the opening of Shibuya Hikarie in April 2012, progress is being made in the drastic redevelopment of the areas that surround Shibuya Station, a leading terminal in Japan. The plan has been based on such policies as those established when Shibuya Station was designated as a priority development area for urban renaissance in December 2005 or the 2010 Guideline for Shibuya Station Central Area Urban Development (compiled by Shibuya ward in March 2011), and is being implemented in cooperation with the Shibuya Station Area Land Readjustment Project and the Railways Improvement Project. Tokyu Corporation and its partners announce that they have presented to the Governor of Tokyo today an urban planning proposal regarding three projects that are to follow Shibuya Hikarie – the Shibuya Station Area Development Plan, Dogenzaka Area Redevelopment Plan and Shibuya Station South Area Development Project (district 21 in Shibuya 3-chome). The urban planning proposal is for special districts designated for urban renaissance based on the Act on Special Measures Concerning Urban Renaissance. The three projects are being implemented adjacent to each other centering on an area directly above Shibuya Station for the currently operating JR Yamanote, Tokyu Toyoko and Tokyo Metro Ginza lines. They are being coordinated in an integrated manner in order to: 1) form a network for pedestrians that is comfortable and easy to understand by strengthening the function of transportation nodes; 2) adopt an urban function that increases the appeal of the city as the genesis of lifestyle and culture and elevates its international competitiveness; and 3) strengthen the area’s disaster-preventing function and improve the environment.
    [Show full text]
  • Cat Street (1964)
    MARITIME MARKET KIDS MARKET HARAJUKU HARAJUKU KURITSU JINGUMAE OMOTESANDO ANNOTATED PLAN SCALE: 1” = 400’ REHAB HOSPITAL TRAIN STATION ELEMENTARY SCHOOL HILLS 0 200’ 400’ 800’ CAT STREET (1964) Shibuya Ward, Tokyo, Japan In 1964, Tokyo trenched most of the Shibuya River and converted it into a groundwater channel in preparation for the Summer Olympics. It was originally lined with many clothing stores, candy shops, and playground equipment, but the promenade has evolved over the years into a thriving shopping corridor with specialized shops and brand name stores with small stores and galleries crammed in between. It was mostly a narrow alley walk only for pedestrians at first, but to meet building standards, a single roadway was established during the 1990’s with evenly spaced bollards implying a division. The buildings range from one to three stories, with many signs hanging from buildings and lampposts. Several short stone planters double as seating for pedestrians while providing greenery to the colorful buildings. SHIBUYA JUNIOR & ONDEN CAT TOKYO WOMEN’S SECTION SCALE: 1” = 15’ The street is surrounded by many schools, ranging from SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL SHRINE STREET PLAZA 0 7.5’ 15’ 30’ elementary level to university, bringing in students who can easily walk to the alley after classes. It is also a side street of Omotesando Avenue, a street well-known for its multitude of luxury and brand name stores with a train station located on both ends, attracting a lot of foot traffic toward the alley. The closeness of all the stores allow pedestrians to be able to efficiently explore the entire street and come across the many businesses located there.
    [Show full text]
  • The Historical Evolution of Power Technologies*
    107 6 The Historical Evolution of Power Technologies* Translation with revisions of “Dōryoku Gijutsu no Suii,” in Tetsuro Nakaoka et al., eds., Sangyō Gijutsushi (A History of Industrial Technologies) (Tokyo: Yamakawa Shuppansha, 2001): 37–72. Power technologies have formed the foundation of industrial tech- nologies and modern society. In the West, watermills were widely used in medieval society, steam engines played a central role in the Industrial Revolution, and electric power station lighted cities and drove streetcars. These technologies were introduced into Japan from China and from the Western countries in different periods. They were brought to function in each historical context of medieval and modern Japan to drive mills, machines, ships, and trains. This chapter will survey the introduction, construction, and use of water, steam, and electricity power technologies in Japan. In addition, it will also see the use and development of wind power in prewar and postwar periods. 1. Water Power Water Power in the Edo Period Waterwheels were introduced from the Continent to Japan in the seventh century, and were used mainly to pump water for irrigation * This chapter is a translation of a slightly shortened version of the chapter on the history of power technology in Tetsuro Nakaoka et al., eds., Sangyō Gijutsushi (A History of Industrial Technologies) (Tokyo: Yamakawa Shuppansha, 2001). The book covers other industrial technologies: mining, steel, machinery, transportation, textile, chemistry, information, and so forth. Its shorter version was also reprinted in Nihon Sangyo Gijut- sushi Gakkai, ed., Nihon Sangyō Gijutsushi Jiten (Encyclopedia of the History of Industrial Technologies in Japan) (Kyoto: Shibunkaku Shuppan, 2007), which compre- hensively covers the history of industrial technologies, including power technologies.
    [Show full text]
  • Adaptation Strategy for Climate Change in Japan
    Adaptation Strategy for Climate Change in Japan - Toward Water-disaster Adaptive society - October 23, 2008 Toshio OKAZUMI Director for International Water Management Coordination Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Japanese Government 1. Present conditions Japan is vulnerable to climate change and issues Kinki Region Kanto Region A y S a h Ikebukuro s i e n Station R n Ueno a i k v a Station S e r Kanzaki River K u Kameido R an m i da v Amagasaki Ri i Station ved r e Station Shin-Osaka Station a r Tokyo Shinjuku R Kinsicyo Old Edo River Old Edo Station i Station v Station e r Ara River Shibuya Osaka Station Neya River Shibu Yodo River Station ya Ri M ver Osaka Castle e Hirano gu ro Tennouji Station River R Toneiv River er Elevation Elevation About 50% of the population and 3m – 4m 3m – 4m 1m – 3m about 75% of the property on 1m – 3m 0m – 1m 0m – 1m -1m – 0m -1m – 0m -1m – about 10% of the land which is -1m – Water Area Water Area lower than the river water level during flooding 1. Present conditions Recent flood disasters in Japan and issues 2008.7.28 Flood in Hyogo Pref. 2008.8.29 Flood in Aichi Pref. largest-ever rainfall per Water level rapidly rose hour Amount rainfall per hour by 134cm in 10 min. 雨量 Amount rainfall per hour 160 Cyunichi New Paper 140 120 100 80 146mm/h 60 40 20 0 Cyunichi New Paper 1516171819202122232412345678910 Break Point 1. Present conditions Recent rainfall trend and issues Annual total of hourly rainfall events (Source: approx.
    [Show full text]
  • Embracing Death and the Afterlife: Sculptures of Enma and His Entourage at Rokuharamitsuji
    Embracing Death and the Afterlife: Sculptures of Enma and His Entourage at Rokuharamitsuji By Ó 2018 Ye-Gee Kwon Submitted to the graduate degree program in Art History and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ___________________________ Chair: Sherry D. Fowler ___________________________ Amy E. McNair ___________________________ Maya Stiller ___________________________ Maki Kaneko ___________________________ Kyoim Yun Date Defended: 5 October 2018 The dissertation committee for Ye-Gee Kwon certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Embracing Death and the Afterlife: Sculptures of Enma and His Entourage at Rokuharamitsuji ___________________________ Chair: Sherry D. Fowler Date Approved: 5 October 2018 ii Abstract This dissertation investigates a sculptural group of Enma and his entourage that was once enshrined in an Enma hall located within the Kyoto temple Rokuharamitsuji precinct, and hopes to highlight the role that significant yet understudied sculptures played in the development of the cult of Enma and the Ten Kings in premodern Japan. Rokuharamitsuji is of great importance to study the cult of Enma and the Ten Kings not only for its rare early sculptures of Enma and his two assistants created in the thirteenth century when the cult began to flourish in Japan, but also for the later addition of a seventeenth-century Datsueba sculpture, which reveals the evolution of the cult through its incorporation of Japanese popular belief. This study examines how the Rokuharamitsuji sculptural group presented images of hell within a designated space and conveyed messages of salvation to their beholders, responding to the environs of the salvation- oriented temple.
    [Show full text]
  • JICA's Approach of Climate Change and Adaptation
    JICA’s Approach of Climate Change and Adaptation Towards wise management of water and land We are twins in Asia What is JICA ? Japan International Cooperation Agency Official Development Assistance (ODA) Reform: New JICA start in Oct. 08 GrantGrant Aid Aid MOFA GrantGrant NewNew Technical bilateral Technical bilateral AssistanceAssistance JICAJICA assistanceassistance JICA October, ODAODA YenYen loansloans 2008 - JBIC multilateralmultilateral internationalinternational assistanceassistance organizationsorganizations Contents 1. Cool Earth 50 and Cool Earth Partnership 2. Adaptation strategy for Climate Change in Water Sector inside Japan 3. JICA’s Approach on Climate Change 4. JICA’s support to adaptation measures in highly vulnerable countries, regions, and areas ¾ Nepal: Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOF) ¾ Tuvalu: Project Formulation in Climate Change ¾ Philippines: Water and land management ¾ Kenya: Community-based adaptation ¾ Capacity Development 1. Cool Earth 50 and Cool Earth Partnership 1.Cool Earth 50 and Cool Earth Partnership -Halving Global Emissions by 2050- MOFA 1.Cool Earth 50 and Cool Earth Partnership -Providing support on a scale of US$ 10 bill.- MOFA 1.Cool Earth 50 and Cool Earth Partnership -Supporting efforts to reduce emissions while achieving growth Up to US$ 2 billion Developing Transfer Japanese Up to US$ 8billion technology and Assistance for adaptation & countries Assistance for promote GHGs improved access to clean energy (according to mitigation policy dialogue) emission reductions at global level Grant aid Vulnerable (e.g.) Improving energy “Cool Earth countries efficiency of power ODA loan” Technical generation (US$4.5billion) Assistance Assistance through International Contribution international organizations (Note 1) Eligible countries organizations to ODA loan Adaptation, and improved Other public funds Projects Private sector activities access to clean energy.
    [Show full text]
  • UW JAPAN STUDIO2020 Application
    JAPAN Studio/ Study Tour Spring 2020 Arch 505/402: UW Department of Architecture Professor Ken Tadashi Oshima Metabolic Urbanism: Tokyo to Seattle JAPAN Studio/ Study Tour Arch 505/402: Metabolic Urbanism: Tokyo/Seattle 2020 Professor Ken Tadashi Oshima This vertical graduate/undergraduate architecture studio (6 credits) will investigate “metabolic urbanism” between Tokyo and Seattle in 2020 as the Japanese capital prepares to host the Summer Olympic Games. The studio begins with a 10-day study tour to Japan during spring break 2020. Students will analyze the multiple sites/districts throughout Tokyo focusing on the metabolic evolution of urban districts including radically reimagined new structures and existing structures adaptively reused to address concerns for ecological and cultural sustainability by architects including Kengo Kuma, Tadao Ando, Fumihiko Maki, and SANAA. Excursions outside of Tokyo include the farmhouse village of Shirakawago, Hida Takayama and Kanazawa. The study tour will be the basis for investigating possibilities of reimagining Gould Hall and other “Brutalist” UW buildings in response to rapid changes on the UW campus. Course and Credits: Studio (Arch 505/402): Six credits of studio work. Course and Credits: Studio (Arch 505/402): Six credits of studio work. Students enrolled in 505 will address issues of sustainability in their projects. Students may receive one additional credit (Arch 496) for the submission of an annotated illustrated travel journal. Preparation and Orientation There will be several preparation and orientation seminars during Winter Quarter to prepare for the trip. Details to be announced at the end of Fall Quarter. Travel Each participant is responsible for reservations and costs of travel to and from Tokyo and for any personal expenses beyond group visits and meals.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Essays on Japanese Technology
    Collection UTCP–6 Historical Essays on Japanese Technology Copyright © 2009 by Takehiko Hashimoto Sponsored and published by UTCP (The University of Tokyo Center for Philosophy) Correspondence concerning this book should be addressed to: UTCP 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153–8902, Japan Edited by Koichi Maeda and UTCP Book Design by Kei Hirakura Printing by DIG Inc., 2–8–7 Minato, Chuo-ku Tokyo 104–0043, Japan ISSN 1881–7637 Printed in Japan Contents Preface 7 Acknowledgments 13 I. Mechanical Clocks and the Origin of Punctuality 1. Japanese Clocks and the Origin of Punctuality in Modern Japan 17 2. Hisashige Tanaka and His Myriad Year Clock 31 II. Roles and Visions of Foreign Engineers 3. Introducing a French Technological System: The Origin and Early History of the Yokosuka Dockyard 49 4. Views from England: Technological Conditions of Meiji Japan in The Engineer 71 III. Forming Technological Foundations in Modern Japan 5. From Traditional to Modern Metrology: The Introduction and Acceptance of the Metric System 87 6. The Historical Evolution of Power Technologies 107 7. The Trans-Pacific Flight Project and the Re-examination of Aeronautical Standards 127 IV. University, Industry, and the Government in Postwar Society 8. Science after 1940: Recent Historical Research on Postwar American Science and Technology 159 9. A Hesitant Relationship Reconsidered: University-Industry Cooperation in Postwar Japan 173 10. Technological Research Associations and University-Industry Cooperation 193 11. The Roles of Corporations, Universities, and the Government before and after 1990 201 Note about the author 213 7 Preface Technology is a driving force in transforming society, which in turn shapes technology so that it is workable in a specific social cir- cumstance in history.
    [Show full text]
  • 28 Utilizing the City's Underground Spaces
    Tokyo Metro RESILIENCE Ginza Line Left: Shibuya is a UTILIZING THE CITY’S popular spot among Shibuya River international tourists. Over 3 million people use the station every day. Underground plaza Right: New rainwater (East exit) retention facilities have UNDERGROUND been constructed below the Shibuya Station Rainwater storage Japan employs underground spaces to ready urban areas area’s underground facility SPACES for otherwise catastrophic flooding. commercial complexes. TO PREVENT FLOOD DAMAGE prevention and mitigation, such as flood control—a central element of its policy, and is moving ahead with both public and private initiatives. Tokyo, one of the world’s foremost metropolitan areas, is making use of underground spaces in the fight against flooding. One example is the underground regulating reservoir being constructed to prevent overflow from small and medium-sized rivers. When heavy rain causes a river’s water level to rise, water flows from a weir built into a revetment down into the reservoir, thus reducing the amount of water was completed underneath the station’s east exit, and flowing downstream. So far, 28 such facilities have went into operation in August 2020. It temporarily been constructed, collectively holding a total of 2.56 retains rainwater if the rainfall exceeds a certain million m3 of water. amount, and the water drains out through sewer One massive reservoir has been built under a major pipes when the weather returns to normal. Director ring road that runs around central Tokyo. When a OKUDA, from the TMG’s Bureau of Sewerage, typhoon dropped record rainfall of up to 32 mm per said, “Combined with the facility previously built hour on Tokyo in 2019, the reservoir retained about underneath the station’s west exit, our storage system 490,000 m3 of water, or 90% of its total capacity.
    [Show full text]
  • Mechanism of Global Warming and Climate Change Change
    Adaptation Strategy for Climate Change in Japan - Toward Water-disaster Adaptive society - September 22, 2008 Toshio Okazumi Director for International Water Management Coordination Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Government of Japan 1. Present conditions Japan is vulnerable to climate change and issues Kinki Region Kanto Region A y S a h Ikebukuro s i e n Station R n Ueno a i k v a Station S e r Kanzaki River K u Kameido R an m i da v Amagasaki Ri i Station ved r e Station Shin-Osaka Station a r Tokyo Shinjuku R Kinsicyo Old Edo River Old Edo Station i Station v Station e r Ara River Shibuya Osaka Station Neya River Shibu Yodo River Station ya Ri M ver Osaka Castle e Hirano gu ro Tennouji Station River R Toneiv River er Elevation Elevation About 50% of population 3m – 4m and about 75% of 3m – 4m 1m – 3m 1m – 3m 0m – 1m property on about 10% of 0m – 1m -1m – 0m -1m – 0m -1m – -1m – Water Area land lower than water Water Area levels in rivers during flooding 1. Present conditions 2008 Floods in Japan and issues 2008.7.28 Floods in Hyogo Pref. 2008.8.29 Floods in Aichi Pref. Rapid water level rise of Amount rainfall per hour 雨量 Amount rainfall per hour 134cm in 10 minutes 160 largest-ever 140 120 amount rainfall 100 per hour 80 60 40 (146mm/h) 20 0 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Break Point 1.
    [Show full text]