The Blur of Modernity: Essentialism, Affect and Everyday Life in Tokyo
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
The Blur of Modernity: Essentialism, Affect and Everyday Life in Tokyo Tobia Farnetti University Colle e London !e"artment of Anthropology Thesis submitted for the de ree of !octor of #hiloso"hy $#hD% &'() 1 2 Declaration I, Tobia Farnetti, confirm that the +ork "resented in this thesis is my o+n, -here information has been derived from other sources, * confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. 3 4 ABSTRACT This thesis e."lores the constitutive role that cultural essentialism "lays in the everyday life of /a"anese urban modernity, 0tartin from the ethno ra"hic observation that essentialised ideas of 1/a"an2 and 1the /a"anese2 are not only fruit of an orientalisin anthro"olo ical aze but also a "rime indi enous concern, * aim to "lace my analysis as a 1third +ay2 between those ethno ra"hies that employ essentialism as method and those +ho handle it as an ob4ect of criti5ue, The e."eriment is to re6frame essentialism as the ethno ra"hic ob4ect under scrutiny 6 as a livin and breathin presence in the lives of peo"le in Tokyo The main ar ument uidin the thesis is that lookin at essentialised social cate ories one does find its essentialised version 7 e, , family structure understood as timeless and constitutively /a"anese 7 but also, to ether +ith it, +hat is understood as its ne ative 7 e, , a fluid chan in family structure movin +ith history, mi ration to the urban centres, -esternisation and the life of the city, 8ne does find stron binaries 7 e, , old and ne+, /a"anese and forei n, traditional and modern 7 and yet it is not throu h one of its e.tremes that essentialised social forms are lived and understood, but in between them. -hile this may a""ear "arado.ical, in the thesis * sho+ that it is throu h a dynamic of 1blurrin 2 of the terms of the o""osition 6 in the e"hemeral moments $sometimes transfi.ed in stone% +hen the two terms overla" and become undistin uishable 6 that the en a ement +ith these forms is most stron ly felt, This blurrin carries a stron affective and aesthetic char e and can thus be in turn essentialised as somethin constitutively 1/a"anese2, Based on two years of field+ork in eastern Tokyo the thesis aims to understand this indi enous lo ic in its o+n ri ht, seekin to find it in different fra ments of metro"olitan life, 5 To my grandmother, mo-wo. 6 CONTENTS Table of Fi ures. …,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 8 Ackno+led ements. …,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1' :ote on Names, Transliteration and Translation, …,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1; Introduction, …,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1< Cha"ter 1, The #oetics and Politics of Blurrin , ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 64 Cha"ter 2, Seclusion and Diffusion in Modern Shinto, .,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1'> Cha"ter 3, Permanence and Transition in the Ja"anese @ousehold (ie%, .,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1<; Cha"ter 4, Encompassment and Culture Chan e in a Shitamachi Catholic Church, 2(& Cha"ter 5, A Phenomenolo y of Blurrin , ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2<> Conclusion, …,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2>< Aeferences. 9,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3'> Additional References. 9,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3>( 7 FIGURES (, Cool Ja"an poster,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1) &, My house in Tō4ima, …,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 4= ?, The Takahashi family tree, 9,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1<B ;, KisumuDs family in 1>?6 9,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1=( <, Burial patterns in the ie …,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1=; =, The main Takahashi line and the house before the war …,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1== B, An old ma" of the ancestral yashiki …,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1B= ), KashōDs haiku in the garden I …,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1)( >, CashōDs haiku in the garden II …,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1)( (', KashōDs Matuyama grave in 1>>( …,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1)B ((, Memorial Service at KashōDs grave …,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ()B (&, CisumuDs brothers walkin to the graveyard …,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1>' (?, Prayin at the ancestral altar …,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1>' (;, Family gatherin at KisumuDs eldest brotherDs house 9,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1>' (<, The house in 2''=, no+ a car6"ark I …,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (>< (=, The house in 2''6, no+ a car6"ark II 9,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1>< (B, The honkeDs rave 9,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1>B (), Kisumu and his eldest son in front of the :iihama grave 9,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2'' (>, KashōDs Niihama grave …,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, &'' &', The wall at Urado shrine …,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2'( &(, Cisumu and his eldest son at Urado Shrine …,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, &'( 8 &&, Kisumu in front of the house …,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, &'; &?, KisumuDs wife in the arden 9,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, &'; &;, Fuzuka+a6san and her friends …,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2&; &<, #alm Sunday …,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2&B &=, A Christian graveyard at the ed es of Tokyo …,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2?& &B, Ta4ima Tetsuya, Hotel Storm. 06 – 0& …,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2)( &), Ta4ima Tetsuya, Hotel Storm. 0B …,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, &)> 9 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In an e."loration of 1the stran e science of +ritin 2 @ElFne Ci.ous $(>>;% +rites about 1the school of the dead2 6 the notion that someone must die for ood +ritin to be born, -ithout implyin anythin about the quality of the writin herein, I feel like I died a thousand times durin the makin of this #h!, Every moment of dissolution and recombination has been "o"ulated by "eo"le and affects that made each ste" "ossible, en4oyable, intense and a learnin e."erience, Like roots or tentacles my debts run dee", and they hold the body of this thesis in place, * o+e a hu e debt of ratitude to the "eo"le in my nei hbourhood in Tokyo, alon +ith many "eo"le outside it 7 from the be innin * felt acce"ted, challen ed, looked after, lau hed at, cared for, forced to drink, respected and many other dimensions +hich make human relationshi"s meanin ful and comple., -ithout the trust, enerosity, hospitality, kindness and friendshi" of the many "eo"le * met throu h those two years * could have not have done this 7 "ractically, emotionally and intellectually so, In "articular *Dd like to sin le out Coichi, Cirara and Tamaki 0uzuki for acce"tin me as a member of their family and makin me feel the +armth of uchi 7 their friendshi" has been, and continues to be, incredibly important, * miss them dearly, * also cannot thank enou h the Tasaka family for their kindness, friendshi" and hel", :akaza+a Catsuko has been an une."ected friendshi" and * think of her often, #erha"s it is stran e to thank an inanimate ob4ect but my little shack $Fi ure &% has been a home, a refu e, a base, a nest, a totem, an armour, a vestment, a shrine 7 * left a shard of my heart lod ed in the wall near the kamidana, 10 In Tokyo * also +ould like to thank #rofessor 8su i Takashi at @itotsubashi University for trust, su""ort and stimulatin conversations. Ito Gasunobu at the /a"an Advanced Institute of 0cience and Technolo y has "rovided uidance at the be innin sta es of the "ro4ect. T+o fello+ #h! students 6 Lindsay A, Morrison at ICU and Ain eru Aroz Rafael at Tokyo University - have been an ine.haustible source of friendshi" and inspiration throu hout the "ro4ect: * am so ha""y * met them and they hold a special "lace in both my brain and my heart. Talkin about special "laces, hearts