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Home , Frog shark, Portuguese dogfish, Scymnodalatias, Scymnodon, Somniosidae

FAMILY Jordan, 1888 - sleeper [=Laemargi] Notes: Name in prevailing recent practice, Article 35.5 Laemargi Hasse, 1878:168, 171 [ref. 32587] (group) Laemargus [ inferred from the stem, Article 11.7.1.1; stem Laemarg- confirmed by Carus 1893:500 [ref. 17975] and by Myers & Storey 1956:18 [ref. 32831]] Somniosidae Jordan, 1888:14, 15 [ref. 2390] (family) [family-group name used as valid by: Jordan 1923 [ref. 2421], Quéro et al. 1990 [ref. 15946], Nelson 1994 [ref. 26204], Eschmeyer 1998 [ref. 23416], Compagno 1999 [ref. 25589], Waller 1999 [ref. 23948], Menezes et al. 2003 [ref. 27192], Nelson et al. 2004 [ref. 27807], Yano, Stevens & Compagno 2004 [ref. 28078], Nelson 2006 [ref. 32486], Last & Stevens 2009, Akhilest, Baneesh, Ganga & Pillai 2013 [ref. 33120]]

GENUS Barbosa du Bocage & de Brito Capello, 1864 - velvet dogfishes [=Centroscymnus Barbosa du Bocage [J. V.] & de Brito Capello [F.], 1864:263] Notes: [ref. 479]. Masc. Centroscymnus coelolepis Barbosa du Bocage & de Brito Capello, 1864. by monotypy. •Valid as Centroscymnus Barbosa du Bocage & de Brito Capello, 1864 -- (Krefft & Tortonese 1973:40 [ref. 7165], McEachran & Branstetter in Whitehead et al. 1984:134 [ref. 13675], Compagno 1984:53 [ref. 6474], Bass et al. 1986:52 [ref. 5636], Taniuchi & Garrick 1986:119 [ref. 5721], Paxton et al. 1989:32 [ref. 12442], Gomon et al. 1994:94 [ref. 22532], Compagno 1999:474 [ref. 25589], Compagno 2003:404 [ref. 26984], Hoese & Gates 2006:141 [ref. 28997], White 2008:91 [ref. 30617], Mecklenburg et al. 2011:115 [ref. 31212], Castro 2011:115 [ref. 31457], White & Last 2013:232 [ref. 33242]). Current status: Valid as Centroscymnus Barbosa du Bocage & de Brito Capello, 1864. Somniosidae.

Species Centroscymnus coelolepis Barbosa du Bocage & de Brito Capello, 1864 - [=Centroscymnus coelolepis Barbosa du Bocage [J. V.] & de Brito Capello [F.], 1864:263, Fig. 4, Centroscymnus macrops Hu [A. S.] & Li [S.], in Chu, Meng, Hu & Li, 1982:305, melas Bigelow [H. B.], Schroeder [W. C.] & Springer [S.], 1953:233, Fig. 5] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864 (pt 2); ref. 479] [Nossos mares] , Northeastern Atlantic. Current status: Valid as Centroscymnus coelolepis Barbosa du Bocage & de Brito Capello, 1864. Somniosidae. Distribution: Cosmopolitan in tropical and temperate to cold temperate seas, including the Arctic and the western . Habitat: marine. (macrops) [English p. 310], Fig. 4 [Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica v. 13 (no. 4); ref. 8492] South China Sea, 19°24'N, 114°15.4'E, depth 964 meters. Current status: of Centroscymnus coelolepis Barbosa du Bocage & de Brito Capello, 1864. Somniosidae. Habitat: marine. (melas) [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 109 (no. 3); ref. 12682] Off Georges Bank, 40°00'N, 68°52'W, northwestern Atlantic, depth 420-480 fathoms. Current status: Synonym of Centroscymnus coelolepis Barbosa du Bocage & de Brito Capello, 1864. Somniosidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Centroscymnus macracanthus Regan, 1906 - largespine [=Centroscymnus macracanthus Regan [C. T.], 1906:436, paessleri Lönnberg [E.], 1907:5, Pl. (fig. 1)] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 18 (no. 108) (art. 70); ref. 15711] Strait of Magellan. Current status: Valid as Centroscymnus macracanthus Regan, 1906. Somniosidae. Distribution: Southwestern Atlantic and southwestern Pacific. Habitat: marine. (paessleri) [Ergebnisse der Hamburger Magalhaensischen Sammelreise; ref. 15156] Island Harbor, Smyth Channel, Strait of Magellan. Current status: Synonym of Centroscymnus macracanthus Regan, 1906. Somniosidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Centroscymnus owstonii Garman, 1906 - [=Centroscymnus owstonii Garman [S.], 1906:207, Centroscymnus cryptacanthus Regan [C. T.], 1906:437] Notes: [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 46 (no. 11); ref. 1542] Sagami Bay, . Current status: Valid as Centroscymnus owstonii Garman, 1906. Somniosidae. Distribution: Atlantic, Pacific and southeastern off . Habitat: marine. (cryptacanthus) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 18 (no. 108); ref. 15711] , eastern Atlantic. Current status: Synonym of Centroscymnus owstonii Garman, 1906. Somniosidae. Distribution: Cosmopolitan. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Centroselachus Garman, 1913 - velvet dogfishes [=Centroselachus Garman [S.], 1913:206] Notes: [ref. 1545]. crepidater Barbosa du Bocage & de Brito Capello, 1864. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Centroscymnus Barbosa du Bocage & de Brito Capello, 1864 -- (Krefft & Tortonese 1973:40 [ref. 7165], Compagno 1984:53 [ref. 6474]). •Valid as Centroselachus Garman, 1913 -- (White et al. 2014:7 [ref. 33542], Stewart & Last 2015:154 [ref. 34225], Bañón et al. 2016:299 [ref. 34397]). Current status: Valid as Centroselachus Garman, 1913. Somniosidae.

Species Centroselachus crepidater (Barbosa du Bocage & de Brito Capellos, 1864 - golden dofish, [=Centrophorus crepidater Barbosa du Bocage [J. V.] & de Brito Capello [F.], 1864:262, Fig. 3, Centroscymnus furvescens de Buen [F.], 1960:20, Fig. 7, Centrophorus jonssonii Saemundsson [B.], 1922:192, Pl. 5 (figs. 1-2), Centrophorus rossi Alcock [A. W.], 1898:143] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864 (pt 2); ref. 479] [Nossos mares] Portugal, Northeastern Atlantic. Current status: Valid as Centroselachus crepidater (Barbosa du Bocage & de Brito Capello, 1864). Somniosidae. Distribution: Cosmopolitan in tropical through warm temperate seas. Habitat: marine. (furvescens) [Revista de Biologia Marina, Valparaiso v. 10 (nos 1-3); ref. 11965] Off Valparaíso, Chile. Current status: Synonym of Centroselachus crepidater (Barbosa du Bocage & de Brito Capello, 1864). Somniosidae. Habitat: marine. (jonssonii) [Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, Kjøbenhavn. v. 74; ref. 18652] , North Atlantic. Current status: Synonym of Centroselachus crepidater (Barbosa du Bocage & de Brito Capello, 1864). Somniosidae. Habitat: marine. (rossi) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 2 (no. 8) (art. 22); ref. 92] Off Travancore coast, India, 7°17'15"N, 76°54'30"E, Investigator station 232, depth 430 fathoms. Current status: Synonym of Centroselachus crepidater (Barbosa du Bocage & de Brito Capello, 1864). Somniosidae. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Garrick, 1956 - dogfishes [=Scymnodalatias Garrick [J. A. F.], 1956:564] Notes: [ref. 1546]. Masc. Scymnodon sherwoodi Archey, 1921. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Scymnodalatias Garrick, 1956 -- (Compagno 1984:96 [ref. 6474], Taniuchi & Garrick 1986:120 [ref. 5721], Kukuev & Konovalenko 1988:315 [ref. 9290], Nakaya & Nakano 1995:325 [ref. 22835], Compagno 1999:474 [ref. 25589], Hoese & Gates 2006:147 [ref. 28997], Kukuev 2006:811 [ref. 31008]). Current status: Valid as Scymnodalatias Garrick, 1956. Somniosidae.

Species Scymnodalatias albicauda Taniuchi & Garrick, 1986 - whitetail dogfish [=Scymnodalatias albicauda Taniuchi [T.] & Garrick [J. A. F.], 1986:120, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 33 (no. 2); ref. 5721] South Indian Ocean, 45°S, 92°E, depth 150-200 meters. Current status: Valid as Scymnodalatias albicauda Taniuchi & Garrick, 1986. Somniosidae. Distribution: Southeastern Indian Ocean and southwestern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Scymnodalatias garricki Kukuev & Konovalenko, 1988 - dogfish [=Scymnodalatias garricki Kukuev [E. I.] & Konovalenko [I. I.], 1988:315 [122], Fig. 1] Notes: [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 28 (no. 2); ref. 9290] North Atlantic Ridge, 40°22'N, 30°10'W, depth 300 meters. Current status: Valid as Scymnodalatias garricki Kukuev & Konovalenko, 1988. Somniosidae. Distribution: North Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

Species Scymnodalatias oligodon Kukuev & Konovalenko, 1988 - sparsetooth dogfish [=Scymnodalatias oligodon Kukuev [E. I.] & Konovalenko [I. I.], 1988:317 [125], Fig. 2] Notes: [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 28 (no. 2); ref. 9290] Southeastern Pacific, 33°31'S, 96°07'W, depth 0-200 meters. Current status: Valid as Scymnodalatias oligodon Kukuev & Konovalenko, 1988. Somniosidae. Distribution: Southeastern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Scymnodalatias sherwoodi (Archey, 1921) - Sherwood dogfish [=Scymnodon sherwoodi Archey [G.], 1921:195, Pl. 39; Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Transactions Institute v. 53; ref. 15307] New Brighton, New Zealand. Current status: Valid as Scymnodalatias sherwoodi (Archey, 1921). Somniosidae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific: New Zealand. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Scymnodon Barbosa du Bocage & Brito Capello, 1864 - velvet dogfishes [=Scymnodon Barbosa du Bocage [J. V.] & de Brito Capello [F.], 1864:263, Proscymnodon (subgenus of Scymnodon) Fowler [H. W.], 1934:239] Notes: [ref. 479]. Masc. Scymnodon ringens Barbosa du Bocage & de Brito Capello, 1864. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Centroscymnus Barbosa du Bocage & de Brito Capello, 1864 -- (Bass et al. 1986:52). •Valid as Scymnodon Bocage & Capello, 1864 -- (Krefft & Tortonese 1973:44 [ref. 7165], McEachran & Branstetter in Whitehead et al. 1984:141 [ref. 13675], Compagno 1984:97 [ref. 6474], Taniuchi & Garrick 1986:119 [ref. 5721], Cappetta 1987:60 [ref. 6348], Paxton et al. 1989:36 [ref. 12442], Wetherbee & Crow 1996:335 [ref. 22434], Compagno 1999:474 [ref. 25589], Castro 2011:115 [ref. 31457], White & Last 2013:234 [ref. 33242]). Current status: Valid as Scymnodon Barbosa du Bocage & de Brito Capello, 1864. Somniosidae. (Proscymnodon) [ref. 1416]. Masc. Centrophorus plunketi Waite, 1910. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Centroscymnus Barbosa du Bocage & Brito Capello, 1864 -- (Compagno 1984:53 [ref. 6474]). Current status: Synonym of Scymnodon Barbosa du Bocage & Brito Capello, 1864. Somniosidae.

Species Scymnodon ichiharai Yano & Tanaka, 1984 - Japanese velvet dogfish [=Scymnodon ichiharai Yano [K.] & Tanaka [S.], 1984:343, Figs. 2, 3a, 4-6] Notes: [Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 30 (no. 4); ref. 8193] Suruga Bay off Okitsu, 35°02.9'N, 138°34.6'E, Japan, depth 580 meters. Current status: Valid as Scymnodon ichiharai Yano & Tanaka, 1984. Somniosidae. Distribution: Western North Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Scymnodon plunketi (Waite, 1910) - Plunket [=Centrophorus plunketi Waite [E. R.], 1910:384, Pl. 37, Centrophorus waitei Thompson [E. F.], 1930:277, Pl. 44] Notes: [Transactions New Zealand Institute v. 42 [1909]; ref. 4566] Off Kaikoura, New Zealand, depth 220 meters. Current status: Valid as Scymnodon plunketi (Waite, 1910). Somniosidae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific. Habitat: marine. (waitei) [Records of the Canterbury Museum v. 3; ref. 16214] Off Kaikoura, New Zealand, deep water. Current status: Synonym of Scymnodon plunketi (Waite, 1910). Somniosidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Scymnodon ringens Barbosa du Bocage & de Brito Capello, 1864 - [=Scymnodon ringens Barbosa du Bocage [J. V.] & de Brito Capello [F.], 1864:263, Fig. 5, Labrus pertussus Cabrera, Pérez [A.] & Haenseler [F.], in Machado, 1857:24, Labrus pertusus Cabrera [A.], Pérez [L.] & Haenseler [F.], 1817:6] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864 (pt 2); ref. 479] [Nossos mares] Portugal, eastern Atlantic. Current status: Valid as Scymnodon ringens Barbosa du Bocage & de Brito Capello, 1864. Somniosidae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic (including North Sea); southwestern Pacific. Habitat: marine. (pertussus) [Catálogo de los peces que habitán ó frecuentan las costas de Cadiz y Huelva con inclusion de los del Rio Guadalquivir.; ref. 17320] Western Andalusia, near Cádiz, Spain, eastern Atlantic. Current status: Synonym of Scymnodon ringens Barbosa du Bocage & de Brito Capello, 1864. Somniosidae. (pertusus) [Lista de los peces del mar de Andalucía; ref. 17319] Western Andalusia, near Cádiz, Spain, eastern Atlantic. Current status: Synonym of Scymnodon ringens Barbosa du Bocage & de Brito Capello, 1864. Somniosidae

GENUS Zameus Jordan & Fowler, 1903 - velvet dogfishes [=Zameus Jordan [D. S.] & Fowler [H. W.], 1903:632] Notes: [ref. 2460]. Masc. Centrophorus squamulosus Günther, 1877. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Scymnodon Barbosa du Bocage & Brito Capello, 1864 -- (Compagno 1984:97 [ref. 6474]). •Valid as Zameus Jordan & Fowler, 1903 -- (Taniuchi & Garrick 1986:119 [ref. 5721], Meléndez C. 1991:89 [ref. 22099], Compagno 2003:404 [ref. 26984], Hoese & Gates 2006:148 [ref. 28997], White 2008:1 [ref. 30617], Castro 2011:115 [ref. 31457]). Current status: Valid as Zameus Jordan & Fowler, 1903. Somniosidae.

Species Zameus squamulosus (Günther, 1877) - velvet dogfish [=Centrophorus squamulosus Günther [A.], 1877:433, Scymnodon niger Chu [Y.-T.] & Meng [Q.-W.], in Chu, Meng, Hu & Li, 1982:303, Centroscymnus obscurus Vaillant [L. L.], 1888:67, Pl. 2 (figs. 2, 2a-2e)] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 20 (no. 119) (art. 56); ref. 2009] Off Inoshima, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan, Inland Sea, Challenger station 232, depth 345 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Zameus squamulosus (Günther, 1877). Somniosidae. Distribution: Cosmopolitan in warm seas (including Red Sea, Hawaiian Islands). Habitat: marine. (niger) [English p. 310], Fig. 3 [Oceanologica et Limnologica Sinica v. 13 (no. 4); ref. 8492] South China Sea, 19°27.6'N, 114°19.3'E, depth 964 meters. Current status: Synonym of Zameus squamulosus (Günther, 1877). Somniosidae. Distribution: South China Sea. Habitat: marine. (obscurus) [Expéditions scientifiques du "Travailleur" et du "Talisman"; ref. 4496] Off Sudan, Red Sea, depth 1400-1435 meters. Current status: Synonym of Zameus squamulosus (Günther, 1877). Somniosidae. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Somniosus Lesueur, 1818 - sleeper sharks [=Somniosus Lesueur [C. A.], 1818:222, Brevisomniosus (subgenus of Somniosus) Quéro [J.-C.], 1976:463, 467, Heteroscymnus Tanaka [S.], 1912:102, Laemargus Müller [J.] & Henle [F. G. J.], 1837:116, Leiodon Wood [W.], 1846:174, Rhinoscymnus Gill [T. N.], 1865:264] Notes: [ref. 2735]. Masc. Somniosus brevipinna Lesueur, 1818. Type by monotypy. Proposed as a "subgenus, allied to the genus Aiguillats (Spix, Cuv.)." Somnolentus Swainson, 1838:146 [ref. 4302] is regarded as an incorrect subsequent spelling. •Valid as Somniosus Lesueur, 1818 -- (Krefft & Tortonese 1973:46 [ref. 7165], McEachran & Branstetter in Whitehead et al. 1984:143 [ref. 13675], Compagno 1984:102 [ref. 6474], Bass et al. 1986:60 [ref. 5636], Cappetta 1987:62 [ref. 6348], Compagno 1990:84 [ref. 21678], Miller 1993:472 [ref. 21297], Compagno 1999:474 [ref. 25589], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:86 [ref. 25968], Yano et al. 2004:363 [ref. 28078] with 2 subgenera, Hoese & Gates 2006:147 [ref. 28997], Benz et al. 2007:343 [ref. 29289], Parin & Kotlyar 2007:669 [ref. 31012], Mecklenburg et al. 2011:115 [ref. 31212], Castro 2011:115 [ref. 31457]). Current status: Valid as Somniosus Lesueur, 1818. Somniosidae. (Brevisomniosus) [ref. 7460]. Masc. Not available, two included species and neither designated as type after 1930 (Art. 13.3); subsequent publication in an available way not researched. •In the synonymy of Somniosus Lesueur, 1818 -- (Compagno 1984:102 [ref. 6474]). •In the synonymy of Somniosus Lesueur, 1818, subgenus Rhinoscymnus Gill, 1865 -- (Yano et al. 2004:363 [ref. 28078]). Current status: Synonym of Somniosus Lesueur, 1818. Somniosidae. (Heteroscymnus) [ref. 6033]. Masc. Heteroscymnus longus Tanaka, 1912. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Somniosus Lesueur, 1818 -- (Compagno 1984:102 [ref. 6474]). •Synonym of Somniosus Lesueur, 1818, subgenus Rhinoscymnus Gill, 1865 -- (Yano et al. 2004:363 [ref. 28078]). Current status: Synonym of Somniosus Lesueur, 1818. Somniosidae (Laemargus) [ref. 3067]. Masc. Squalus borealis Scoresby, 1820. Type by subsequent designation. Dates to Müller & Henle 1837:116 without species. Three species in Müller & Henle 1839:93 [ref. 3069]. Type apparently designated first by Jordan 1919:192 [ref. 2410]. Not mentioned in Yano et al. 2004 [ref. 28078]. •Synonym of Somniosus Lesueur, 1818 -- (Krefft & Tortonese 1973:46 [ref. 7165], Compagno 1984:102 [ref. 6474], Cappetta 1987:62 [ref. 6348]). Current status: Synonym of Somniosus Lesueur, 1818. Somniosidae. (Leiodon) [ref. 4760]. Masc. Leiodon echinatum Wood, 1846. Type by monotypy. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Leiodon Swainson, 1839 in fishes and by Leiodon Owen, 1841 in Reptilia, apparently not replaced. Not mentioned in Yano et al. 2004 [ref. 28078]. •Synonym of Somniosus Lesueur, 1818 -- (Compagno 1984:102 [ref. 6474], Cappetta 1987:62 [ref. 6348]). Current status: Synonym of Somniosus Lesueur, 1818. Somniosidae. (Rhinoscymnus) [ref. 1705]. Masc. Scymnus rostratus Risso, 1827. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Somniosus Lesueur, 1818 -- (Compagno 1984:102 [ref. 6474], Cappetta 1987:62 [ref. 6348]). •Synonym of Somniosus Lesueur, 1818, but a valid subgenus Rhinoscymnus -- (Yano et al. 2004:363 [ref. 28078]). Current status: Synonym of Somniosus Lesueur, 1818. Somniosidae.

Species Somniosus antarcticus Whitley, 1939 - Southern sleeper shark [=Somniosus antarcticus Whitley [G. P.], 1939:242] Notes: [Australian Zoologist v. 9 (pt 3); ref. 4695] Macquarie Island, south of . Current status: Valid as Somniosus antarcticus Whitley, 1939. Somniosidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in Southern Hemisphere. Habitat: marine.

Species Somniosus longus (Tanaka, 1912) - [=Heteroscymnus longus Tanaka [S.], 1912:102, Pl. 26 (figs. 102-107)] Notes: [Figures and descriptions of the fishes of Japan v. 6; ref. 6033] Tokyo fish market, Japan. Current status: Valid as Somniosus longus (Tanaka, 1912). Somniosidae. Distribution: Japan and New Zealand. Habitat: marine.

Species Somniosus rostratus (Risso, 1827) - [=Scymnus rostratus Risso [A.], 1827:138, Pl. 3 (fig. 7), Somniosus bauchotae Quéro [J.-C.], 1976:456, Fig. 1] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe méridionale v. 3; ref. 3757] Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Valid as Somniosus rostratus (Risso, 1827). Somniosidae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea, Atlantic. Habitat: marine. (bauchotae) [Revue des Travaux de l'Institut des Pêches Maritimes v. 39 (no. 4); ref. 7460] Bay of Biscay, 46°50'N, 5°10' to 5°15'W, depth 220 meters. Current status: Synonym of Somniosus rostratus (Risso, 1827). Somniosidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Somniosus microcephalus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) - [=Squalus microcephalus Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.], 1801:135, Squalus borealis Scoresby [W.], 1820:538, Pl. 15 (figs. 3-5), Somniosus brevipinna Lesueur [C. A.], 1818:222, Pl. 8, Leiodon echinatum Wood [W.], 1846:174, Scymnus glacialis Faber [F.], 1829:23, Scymnus gunneri Thienemann [F. A. L.], 1828:409, Scymnus micropterus Valenciennes [A.], 1832:458, 465, Pl. 20, Squalus norvegianus Blainville [H. de], 1825:61] Notes: [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Arctic Ocean. Current status: Valid as Somniosus microcephalus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801). Somniosidae. Distribution: Arctic Ocean; both sides of the North Atlantic (including western Baltic Sea, northern North Sea). Habitat: marine. (borealis) [An account of the Arctic regions v. 1; ref. 18713] Spitzbergen (Svalbard) Sea. Current status: Synonym of Somniosus microcephalus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801). Somniosidae. Habitat: marine. (brevipinna) [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 2735] Off Marblehead, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Somniosus microcephalus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801). Somniosidae. Habitat: marine. (echinatum) [Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History v. 2 (1845-1848); ref. 4760] About 80 miles east of Portland, Maine, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Somniosus microcephalus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801). Somniosidae. Habitat: marine. (glacialis) [Naturgeschichte der Fische Islands; ref. 13329] Iceland. Current status: Synonym of Somniosus microcephalus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801). Somniosidae. Habitat: marine. (gunneri) [Lehrbuck der Zoologie v. 3; ref. 4990] Current status: Synonym of Somniosus microcephalus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801). Somniosidae. Habitat: marine. (micropterus) [Nouvelles Annales du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris) v. 1; ref. 17864] Arctic Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Somniosus microcephalus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801). Somniosidae. Habitat: marine. (norvegianus) [Faune Française; ou histoire naturelle Livr. 13 & 14; ref. 4991] , northeastern Atlantic. Current status: Synonym of Somniosus microcephalus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801). Somniosidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Somniosus pacificus Bigelow & Schroeder, 1944 - [=Somniosus pacificus Bigelow [H. B.] & Schroeder [W. C.], 1944:35] Notes: [Proceedings of the New England Zoölogical Club v. 23; ref. 13163] Sagami Sea, Japan. Current status: Valid as Somniosus pacificus Bigelow & Schroeder, 1944. Somniosidae. Distribution: North Pacific and Arctic Ocean. Habitat: marine